The Rastafari movement originated in Jamaica in the 1930s in response to oppression faced by lower-class black people. It was influenced by Marcus Garvey's teachings of black nationalism and pan-Africanism. Rastafarians believe that Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, is the messiah that will lead people of African descent to freedom in Ethiopia, which they call Zion. They follow doctrines such as Afrocentrism, repatriation to Africa, and the spiritual use of cannabis. Rastafari has grown into a global movement spreading messages of pan-Africanism, anti-racism, and spiritual lifestyles through reggae music, dialects,