Policymakers in Arab countries have shifted from solely supply-side solutions for water management to also emphasizing demand-side approaches like conservation. National frameworks have been established in most countries to oversee water resources according to Agenda 21 guidelines. The primary strategy for sustainable water use is protecting current supplies through harvesting rainwater, safeguarding storage, and maintaining traditional systems. Relying solely on desalinated water risks volatility from oil prices. Improving irrigation efficiency in agriculture and reducing high water use crops can optimize groundwater use. Different cost recovery options for water provide varying incentives, with increasing block rates that charge more for higher usage levels being most effective for conservation. However, solutions must be tailored to individual country contexts and ensure afford