This document summarizes a study on land subsidence in California's Central Valley caused by groundwater pumping. It finds that subsidence up to 9 meters occurred historically due to high groundwater pumping. Since the 1950s, surface water projects reduced pumping and subsidence. However, droughts cause reversion to pumping. Recent GPS and InSAR data show up to 540 mm of subsidence near El Nido from 2008-2010. Subsidence correlates with groundwater level declines. Subsidence impacts canal infrastructure and is costly to address. Recommendations include managed aquifer recharge and reduced pumping regulations.
This module gives an overview of general applications of current hydrogeological aspects. It is for the basic understanding of students and research scholars.
This module gives an overview of general applications of current hydrogeological aspects. It is for the basic understanding of students and research scholars.
The river Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of three districts in Central Kerala namely Palakkad, Malappuram and Thrissur and also parts of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. This region gets an increase in population during the recent years. Water is unevenly distributed as surface and groundwater resources. An integrated hydrogeological study in the whole basin has not been attempted so far. This is the result of our investigation.
Estas Plantas Consumen un 80% menos de ENERGIA que los sistemas tradicionales y son las mas modernas Plantas para Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales. Ya las tenemos en Costa Rica y Centroamérica ,
The river Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of three districts in Central Kerala namely Palakkad, Malappuram and Thrissur and also parts of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. This region gets an increase in population during the recent years. Water is unevenly distributed as surface and groundwater resources. An integrated hydrogeological study in the whole basin has not been attempted so far. This is the result of our investigation.
Estas Plantas Consumen un 80% menos de ENERGIA que los sistemas tradicionales y son las mas modernas Plantas para Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales. Ya las tenemos en Costa Rica y Centroamérica ,
Адвокасі-кампанію "Захисти себе від корупції" проводить ГО "Регіональний центр євроінтеграційних проектів".
Терміни реалізації проекту: вересень 2016-січень 2017 року
Керівник проекту - Руслан Костюкевич
Autoras, Gil Jessica Elizabeth y Pujol Bárbara Andrea.
Presentación sobre Cyberbullying y Violencia Cibernética realizada en el año 2015 para la materia Seminario de Investigación del ISFDyT Nº77, Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
En las prácticas profesionales elaboramos la presente para llevar a cabo un taller con actividades para nivel secundario.
Dr. Jay Famiglietti - 21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal...John Blue
21st Century Water Security and Implications for Animal Agriculture - Dr. Jay Famiglietti, Associate Professor at University of California, Irvine and Senior Water Scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
Presented by Guillaume Lacombe at the Regional Conference on Risks and Solutions: Adaptation Frameworks for Water Resources Planning, Development and Management in South Asia, on July 12, 2016, at Hilton, Colombo, Sri Lanka
The California Central Valley Groundwater-Surface Water Simulation Model (C2VSim) simulates the monthly response of the Central Valley’s groundwater and surface water flow system to historical stresses, and can also be used to simulate the response to projected future stresses. C2VSim contains monthly historical stream inflows, surface water diversions, precipitation, land use and crop acreages from October 1921 through September 2009. The model dynamically calculates crop water demands, allocates contributions from precipitation, soil moisture and surface water diversions, and calculates the groundwater pumpage required to meet the remaining demand.
2. Area of Study, Central Valley
(San Joaquin Valley) of
California: 26,000 square
kilometers
Land Use, Primarily
Agricultural
Economic Value (>$20
Billion [Faunt, 2009])
Water Supply
Until the 1950s and
1970s – Groundwater
Since the 1950s and
1970s – Surface Water
Plus Groundwater
3. Historical Perspective Through the 1970s
Groundwater Pumping and Mechanics
of Subsidence
Current Perspective
Summary of Studies
Subsidence Along the Aqueduct and the DMC
Correlation with Groundwater Pumping
Options for Management of
Subsidence
4. Effect of Pumping is Significant
Subsidence of Land; Location
of Maximum Subsidence in U.S.
Near Mendota, California
[Researcher, Joseph Poland]
Historically and
Until the
Construction of the
Canals:
Groundwater is
Major Supply
Significant
Subsidence of Land
Noted – up to 9 m
(Ireland, 1986)
Since the 1950s –
Surface Water
Supply Reduces
Dependence on
Groundwater
5. Water Source:
Coast Ranges to the West
Sierra Nevada to the North and the East
Tehachapi Mountains to the South
Key Projects (Supplements Groundwater Use
in the Central Valley)
CVP – BOR, Late 1950s
SWP – California DWR, Late 1960s
DMC – Built by BOR;
Operated by SLDMWA
California Aqueduct – Built by BOR
and California DWR; Operated by DWR
Friant Kern Canal – Built by BOR;
Operated by Friant Water Authority
CVP – Central Valley Project;
SWP – State Water Project
6. Lowering Water Level
by Groundwater
Pumping:
Total Stress
Remains Same
Reduces Pore
Water Pressure
Increases Effective
Stress
Causes
Compaction and
Settlement
7. Prior to Development:
Recharge from Mountains
Toward Valley Trough
and Upward to Rivers
/Sloughs [No Change in
Groundwater Storage]
After Development:
Recharge from Mountains
Pumping and Recharge
from Irrigation Increases
Downward Gradients and
Flow Toward the Valley
Trough. Decline in Water
Level Below Confining Unit
Causing Lag in Subsidence
8. Groundwater Pumping Prior to
Surface Water Diversion (DMC
and California Aqueduct
Operation)
>8 Million Acre Feet/Year
On an Annual Basis,
Approximately 25% of U.S.
Pumping in the San
Joaquin Valley
9. From 1970s
Surface Water Surpasses
Groundwater
Drought Conditions
Reverses Trends
Causes Reversion Back to
High Groundwater
Pumping Conditions
(1977)
10. USGS and California DWR
Studies, 1956 to 1986
Poland, 1995
DWR and Other Water
Agency Measurements
USGS, BOR, and SLDMWA,
2009 (Results Presented
Herein)
GPS Measurements
Extensometer Data
Interferometric
Synthetic Aperture
Radar (InSAR):
2009 Study Area Map
11. Mapped Through the
1960s During Period
Of High Groundwater
Pumping
Maximum Subsidence
Noted Near:
Mendota (~9 m)
North of Kettleman
City
12. Insar Data
Joint Effort Between
USGS, USDOI, and Water
Agencies
Maximum Subsidence
Data Now to the North
Of Mendota Near El
Nido
>500 mm over Two
Year Period Near El
Nido (Drought Period
2008-2010)
13. Measured During
Drought Period
Northern Segment of the
DMC and the California
Aqueduct
Little to No
Subsidence
Observed
Locations of Uplift
Noted Instead
14. Southern Segment of the
DMC
Higher than the
Northern Segment
Lower than El Nido
Area
16. Northern Segment
Of the DMC and the
California Aqueduct
Seasonal
Fluctuations Noted
in Wells
Less Significant
Periodic Decline In
Drought Period
After 2008
Correlates with a
General Absence of
Subsidence – InSar
Data
17. Central Segment of DMC
Near El Nido Area
And Southern Segment
Near Mendota
Seasonal Fluctuations
Noted in Wells
More Significant
Periodic Decline
During Drought
Period Following 2008
Correlates with High
Subsidence – InSar
Data (540 mm Max)
Correlation Good Near
Mendota (P-304)
18. Land Subsidence
And Groundwater
Pumping
Good Correlation:
P304 Area Near
Mendota,
California
19. Effects on Operation
Downstream Segments of Canal
Could become Higher than the Upstream
Segments
Transfer of Water is Primarily by Gravity;
Higher Downstream Segments would
Hinder Operation
DWR Found Large Swathes Impacted
~1.25 feet lower in Fresno, Kern,
and King Counties – Coinciding with the
Central and Southern Segments of the
DMC
20. Longer Term Effects
Liner Damage
Liner Settlement
Liner Buckling, Spalling
Other Features may Become
Unusable such as Bridge
Crossings
Areas More Prone to Flooding,
Levees/Embankments Modifications
Potential Effect on Land Use
Economic Impacts Significant:
O&M Impacts to Broader Economy
Asset Restoration Costs
21. Managed Aquifer
Recharge Areas
State and the DOI to
fund local water agencies
to issue ordinances that
promote conservation and
reduce pumping
More “holistic” approach
toward issuance of well
extraction and permitting
More relaxed in-stream
regulations to permit use of
surface water during months of
high demands