1. The document summarizes archaeological research and planning at the large Harappan site of Rakhigarhi in Haryana, India.
2. Joint work has been conducted between Deccan College and the Haryana government to study the site's cultural sequence and distribution of activities from the Early and Mature Harappan periods.
3. Future plans include preserving excavated structures, further excavations to understand settlement patterns, and developing an on-site museum and conservation labs while ensuring community participation.
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Each one of these dynasties and rulers has left an unmistakable imprint on the art, architecture and culture of the place. The transition of the place from a kingdom of Satwahanas to an Industrial town is fascinating
Its rich Architectural heritage includes the preserved caves from Satvahana and various other dynasties; the Hemadpanthi style temples, the famous Wadas from Maratha and Peshwa rulers and last but not least, the magnificent forts protecting the boundaries of the city from enemies.
Even the succeeding periods of British rule and Post Independence era has observed remarkable structures coming up.
This History along with geographical location and geology of the place demonstrates a profound influence on the growth of the townscape.
With Sahyadris in vicinity many forts have been erected during the different empires with their distinctive modes of construction.
River Godavari plays a major role in its development as a religious center; the town has observed the emergence of some beautiful temples with Ghats along its banks.
The rich Architectural style of the structures has been changing as per the eras pertaining to their social, religious and cultural beliefs.
Various rituals and religious philosophies have been evolved due to the development of the society towards the religion, which reveal a grave influence on designs of the structures.
The Post Independence era has perceived a gradual transformation of this dreamlike town into a hybrid-cultured entity.
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Museum Houses of Goa an Indo Portuguese Architecture
"Houses of Goa", a unique museum by reputed architect Gerard da Cunha, encapsulates for posterity the phenomenal outcome of the amalgamation of eastern and western architectural styles.
The museum is completely constructed under the Goan vernacular this is a sustainable and eco-friendly building.
The materials used in building are almost reused materials, like; wine bottle, card board and thermacoal like.
Sri Rangam |World's Largest Functioning Temple |Dravidian Architectural Style...NivethaJSaran
The Boologam Vaikuntam, Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple Srirangam, Trichy, describes the history of the place, its architectural significance, land use pattern, settlement pattern, socio-cultural behavior, and overall architectural view of the place.
Nasik city with its rich cultural and historical background has experienced numerous transformations through the several dynasties that reined the city.
Each one of these dynasties and rulers has left an unmistakable imprint on the art, architecture and culture of the place. The transition of the place from a kingdom of Satwahanas to an Industrial town is fascinating
Its rich Architectural heritage includes the preserved caves from Satvahana and various other dynasties; the Hemadpanthi style temples, the famous Wadas from Maratha and Peshwa rulers and last but not least, the magnificent forts protecting the boundaries of the city from enemies.
Even the succeeding periods of British rule and Post Independence era has observed remarkable structures coming up.
This History along with geographical location and geology of the place demonstrates a profound influence on the growth of the townscape.
With Sahyadris in vicinity many forts have been erected during the different empires with their distinctive modes of construction.
River Godavari plays a major role in its development as a religious center; the town has observed the emergence of some beautiful temples with Ghats along its banks.
The rich Architectural style of the structures has been changing as per the eras pertaining to their social, religious and cultural beliefs.
Various rituals and religious philosophies have been evolved due to the development of the society towards the religion, which reveal a grave influence on designs of the structures.
The Post Independence era has perceived a gradual transformation of this dreamlike town into a hybrid-cultured entity.
This paper overviews the time duration of the changed vocabulary of Aesthetics while recording the transformation of an inherently beautiful space into a comparatively characterless townscape.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
PRESENTATION ON Biosphere reserves of India
A Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a title given by UNESCO to help protect the sites.
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Rakhigarhi project 2012 15
1. Archaeological Research and Planning at
Rakhigarhi
Vasant Shinde
Deccan College
Post-Graduate and Research
Institute Deemed University
Pune
Joint work between
Deccan College, Deemed
University and the Dept. of
Archaeology and Museums,
Haryana Government.
3. YAMUNA
INDUS
CHENAB
JHELUM
RAVI
SATLUJ
BEAS
DRYBED OFG HAG G AR
DRYBED OFCHAUTANG
PALAEO-YAMUNA
OLD
BED
OFBEAS
30 0
29 0
77
0
74
0
74
0
77 0
30
29
0
0
N
Rakhigarhi
Ka lib a n g a n
Ghaggar and Chautang rivers in the Ghaggar Basin have been identified
by some scholars as Rg Vedic Saraswati and Drishadwati respectively.
The region between them has
Heavy concentration of Harappan sites of different phases.
4. Ghaggar Basin ,
being Fertile and
well watered ,
served as the main
attraction for the
Harapan people
14. Why Rakhigarhi?
1. Largest Harappan site in the country, extremely potential as is clear from
the research carried out by the earlier scholar and the present team
2. The major part is under modern habitation and slowly and surely the site is
being encroached upon. The destruction and encroachment need to be
stopped immediately to save the greatest Harappan site in the country.
3. Close and well connected to Delhi, convenient for a day’s trip. Many well
studied sites in the vicinity as Farmana, Bhirrana, etc.
4. Ideal candidate to study cultural process from Early to Mature phases of the
Harappan culture.
5. Study at the site will enable understanding of the “Regional Variations” of
Harappan culture in the Ghaggar basin and role played by the regional
cultures in the development of the regional diversity.
6. Role played by the site in the Social-economic organizations of the
Harappans.
15. Future Plans:
1. Uncover earlier excavated structures and preserve and protect them for the
benefit of the public. Raise dome structures on them so that they are safe
and viewed all year around.
2. Undertake excavations at the Habitation as well as Burial portion of the site
to establish proper cultural sequence, understand settlement pattern, health,
diet and composition of Harappan population.
3. Onsite conservation labs, training in conservation and excavation and Site
Museum
3. Ethnographic study to understand the survival of the Harappan legacy and
reconstruct Traditional Knowledge System.
4. Community development programme- Ensure participation of the local
people in the preservation of the site and developmental programmes.
16. Proposed Community Development Works:
1. Road Connectivity
2. Municipal Services
3. Roads, lanes to be repaired
4. Tree plantation
5. Provide clean drinking water
6. Establish medical and education facilities
7. Guidance to the people for establishing cottage
industries
8. Provide street lamps, etc.
21. GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT HARAPPAN SITE OF RAKHIGARHI, HARYANA
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) N
GEOPHYSICS DIVISION, CENTRAL WATER AND POWER RESEARCH STATION, PUNE-24
FIELD LAYOUT
Field Lay Out of Ground Penetrating Radar Survey for understanding
Potentiality and total extent of the site
22. GPR record of profile P-26 on RGR- 3
Scattered Objects in loose soil
23. New Research: 2011-12
1. Total Station and
GPR Survey-
2. Correct mapping
of the site completed
3. Surface sampling to
identify different activity
areas.
24. Total area of the site calculated comes
to around 350 ha. The calculation is not
yet completed. Two new mounds (RGR-8
and RGR-9) have been discovered
RGR- 8 RGR-9
29. Future Plans:
1. Uncover earlier excavated structures and preserve and protect them for the
benefit of the public. Raise dome structures on them so that they are safe
and viewed all year around.
2. Undertake excavations at the Habitation as well as Burial portion of the site
to establish proper cultural sequence, understand settlement pattern, health,
diet and composition of Harappan population.
3. Onsite conservation labs, training in conservation and excavation and Site
Museum
3. Ethnographic study to understand the survival of the Harappan legacy and
reconstruct Traditional Knowledge System.
4. Community development programme- Ensure participation of the local
people in the preservation of the site and developmental programmes.
35. Step-trench excavation on RGR-4
for understanding complete cultural
sequence and history of the site.
Total habitation deposit 22 m
of which lower 1 m belongs to
Early Harappan phase and the rest
to Mature Harappan