Rainfall Insurance in India: Does It Deal With Risks in Dryland Farming?

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Rainfall insurance in India has failed to reduce risks in dryland farming for several reasons: - Village-level rainfall data varied widely from reference station data from 2005-2013, meaning insurance payouts did not accurately reflect local conditions. - Important crops grown by farmers were not covered by insurance policies. - Compensation levels were less than 50% of losses, making insurance less attractive to farmers. - The methodology for determining payouts lacked transparency. - Poor farmers faced price and liquidity constraints in paying premiums. - Lack of trust between farmers and insurance providers.

Government & Nonprofit

March2015
Rainfall Insurance in India: Does
It Deal With Risks in Dryland Farming?
Kattarkandi Byjesh, Uttam Deb and Cynthia Bantilan
Introduction
• Semi-arid tropical environment in India is highly vulnerable to weather risks
• Climate models have predicted frequent incidences of extreme events such as drought, flood
etc. and increased weather variability
• Anticipation of losses affects household behavior, causing unprotected farmers to avoid
investment, innovation and risk taking (Hill, 2009)
• Hence, farmers’ should be equipped with the capacity to absorb these losses in the future
• Efficient support mechanism is needed through different policies and safety net programs to
reduce the vulnerability to climatic risks.
• Weather based crop insurance scheme (WBCIS) is expected to address this risk resulting from
unfavorable natural events.
Sciencewithahumanface
About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org
ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org
VILLAGE DYNAMICS IN SOUTH ASIA
Funding support:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India
Frequency of occurrence of drought in the semi-arid region of India.
Source GOI, 2009
Objectives
• To study operational modalities of the rainfall insurance scheme in India such as eligibility
criteria, payment of premium, benefit structure and payouts, and technical hassles.
• To compute and compare rainfall index at various administrative level i.e. district, mandal and
village level.
• To analyze the risk minimizing ability, effectiveness and constraints in implementation of the
rainfall insurance.
Methodology and data
• VDSA household panel data
• Extensive literature review and rainfall data analysis
• Key informant interviews and focus group discussions of farmers, insurance providers, and
agents
• Meso-level data analysis
• Payouts calculation.
Comparison of cumulative distribution function of rainfall received during the kharif season at villages and
corresponding reference station.
Correlation graph of kharif rainfall data observed in the villages and their respective mandal.
Results
Rainfall insurance in India failed to reduce risks in dryland farming. Why?
• Rainfall insurance started extensively in 2007, but failed to gain popularity
• Village vs Reference data: wide variation in Kharif rainfall ( 2005-2013)
• Coverage: Important crops grown by farmers are not included
• Compensation (<50% of loss) is less attractive
• Computing methodology for strike and payouts: not transparent
• Price and liquidity constraints among poor farmers
• Lack of trust among farmers and insurance provider.
References
AFC., 2011. Impact evaluation of ‘Pilot weather based crop insurance study (WBCIS).
Report submitted to Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India. pp 238.
AIC, 2014. Agricultural Insurance company of India Ltd. http://www.aicofindia.com/AICEng/
Pages/Default.aspx
Gine XL, Menand R, Townsend and J Vickery. 2010. Micro-insurance. A Case study of Indian
Rainfall Index Insurance market. Policy Research Working Paper. Development Research
Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Team. The World Bank. pp. 45.
Working example of pay outs calculated for Cotton crop as per the AIC policy term in Mahbubnagar
district of Telangana.
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Gujarat
EastRajasthan
Karnataka
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Compensation is insignificant for the insured farmer even during the worst crop season (2007-13).
Source: GOI 2014

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ICRISAT

ICRISAT has launched a new digital tool called 4CAST to improve smallholder farmers' access to improved crop varieties. 4CAST is a user-friendly, data-driven platform that provides a digital catalog of new varieties including information on quality, availability and regional seed stocks. It also offers digital workflows and real-time tracking for stakeholders in seed value chains. The tool helps in planning variety release and seed production to ensure farmers have adequate access to quality seeds of improved varieties. 4CAST collates and shares variety and seed data nationally and regionally to guide stakeholders and provide farmers information to facilitate agricultural transformation.

New ‘one-stop shop’ team formed to take ICRISAT’S plant breeding program in W...

ICRISAT

ICRISAT West and Central Africa has reorganized all disciplines of agronomic research (agronomy, breeding, biotechnology/ genomics, integrated crop management, physiology, sociology, agroeconomics, etc.) under one umbrella called the Crop Improvement Operations Team (CIOT). A “one-stop shop” for all crop improvement operations, the CIOT was launched on Tuesday 24 August 2021 at ICRISAT’s Samanko research station in Mali.

ICRISAT awarded 2021 Africa Food Prize

ICRISAT

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been awarded the 2021 Africa Food Prize, for work that has improved food security across 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. ICRISAT, a CGIAR Research Center, is a non-profit, non-political public international research organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array of partners throughout the world.

Rooting for strong partnerships and participatory extension in Nigeria for ro...

ICRISAT

Understanding consumption preferences for sorghum and millets globally

ICRISAT

In support of the objectives of the International Year of Millets (2023), a global study, “Prioritizing Regular Intake of Sorghum and Millets (PRISM)”, is being conducted to understand the potential drivers of sorghum and millets consumption. PRISM is a collaborative effort of researchers in the Markets, Institutions and Policy team at ICRISAT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) to understand the choices that drive the consumption of these nutricereals and to explore their increased inclusion in diets globally for the good of dryland farmers, human health and the environment.

ICRISAT introduces an invigorated research structure (The research structure ...

ICRISAT

A robust, more efficient research structure is part of the reorganization initiative at ICRISAT that aims at building a cohesive and interconnected body of work in agricultural research. The revitalized framework is expected to seamlessly integrate and deliver agricultural research outputs across the drylands of Asia and Africa. The strength of this framework is the deeply interlinked global and regional programs working towards common and interdependent goals.

Training on science communication to engage funders and stakeholders

ICRISAT

Communicating research findings to policy makers, peers and civil society is crucial for research uptake and development. To meet this goal, a one-day training session on messaging through newsletters and journal articles was held for participants of the International Training Programme on Climate Change – Mitigation and Adaptation of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) at ICRISAT, Mali.

Virtual training in the use of remote sensing for the agriculture sector in P...

ICRISAT

A virtual hands-on training program on developing geospatial maps for supporting insurance products using Google Earth Engine and semi-automatic techniques was conducted for participants in Pakistan as part of the project “Strengthening Post-COVID-19 Food Security and Locust Attacks”. The nine participants were from the PARC Agrotech company (PATCO) technical team and crop reporting service teams from Punjab and Sindh in Pakistan. They were introduced to remote sensing and its applications in agriculture. Hands-on training using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Image Processing Software – ERDAS 2015 and various automatic classification techniques was provided along with several applications for using these modern tools.

Icrisat strategic plan 2021 2025

ICRISAT

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus to collaborate on mainstreaming nutrition research an...

ICRISAT

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus signed an agreement for scientific and technical collaboration between the two global organizations. Mr Arun Baral, CEO, HarvestPlus, and Dr Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes, Director General, ICRISAT, signed the Memorandum of Understanding, which is made and entered into by IFPRI on behalf of its HarvestPlus Program. On the occasion, Dr Hughes said, After 17 years of fruitful collaboration on biofortification research, we have now decided to elevate this partnership. ICRISAT and HarvestPlus will work together more closely, making available micronutrient-rich varieties, high-quality seed and related technologies to the farming communities and consumers. This will contribute to eliminating micronutrient malnutrition in the drylands.

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