railway reservation system oose project

2. Aim:
To write a needed software system to be developed for the
railway reservation system.
Software system for needed:
One possible software system that could be developed for a
railway reservation system is a comprehensive Reservation
Management System (RMS). Here's an outline of its features:
 User Interface (UI):
o Web-based or desktop application for customers to search for
trains, view schedules, and make reservations.
o User-friendly interface with intuitive design and navigation.
o Responsive design to ensure compatibility with different
devices and screen sizes.
 Reservation Management:
o Backend system to handle reservations, cancellations,
modifications, and refunds.
o Real-time seat availability updates.
o Integration with payment gateways for secure online
transactions.
 Ticketing System:
o Automated ticket generation upon successful reservation.
ExNo:01
Date:
IDENTITY A SOFTWARE THAT NEEDED
TO BE DEVELOPED

3. o Options for e-ticketing and physical ticket printing.
o Barcode or QR code generation for ticket validation.
 Admin Panel:
o Dashboard for administrators to manage system settings, view
analytics, and monitor performance.
o User management features to handle customer accounts and
access levels.
o Tools for managing train schedules, routes, fares, and seat
configurations.
 Database Management:
o Robust database system to store and manage information
related to trains, routes, schedules, passengers, bookings, and
payments.
o Data integrity and security measures to protect sensitive
information.
 Integration with External Systems:
o APIs for integration with third-party services, such as travel
agencies, payment gateways, and partner railway networks.
o Compatibility with legacy systems if applicable.
 Reporting and Analytics:
o Reporting tools to generate insights on booking trends,
revenue, occupancy rates, etc.
o Customizable reports for management decision-making.
 Notifications:
o Automated email or SMS notifications for booking
confirmations, reminders, and updates on train schedules.
o Alerts for waitlisted passengers upon seat availability.
 Accessibility and Localization:
o Accessibility features to ensure compliance with accessibility
standards and accommodate users with disabilities.

4. o Support for multiple languages and currencies to cater to
diverse user groups.
 Security:
o Implementation of security best practices to safeguard against
unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber threats.
o Encryption of sensitive data, secure authentication
mechanisms, and regular security audits.
Developing a robust Reservation Management System tailored
to the specific requirements of a railway reservation system
would involve careful planning, design, implementation, and
testing to ensure reliability, scalability, and user satisfaction.
Result:

5. Thus the software system needed for railway reservation
system has been written as successfull.
Ex No:02
Date:
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION
Aim:
To write software requirement specification for railway
reservation system.
Software Requirement Specification:
A railway reservation project would typically require a variety
of software components to manage different aspects of the
reservation system. Here are some essential software needs for
a railway reservation project:
 Reservation Management System: This is the core software
responsible for handling reservations, seat availability,
booking, cancellations, and modifications.
 Database Management System (DBMS): A robust DBMS is
crucial for storing and managing large volumes of data related
to trains, routes, schedules, passengers, bookings, payments,
etc. Popular choices include MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Oracle.
 User Interface (UI) Software: Front-end software
components are needed for customers to interact with the
reservation system. This includes user interfaces for searching
trains, viewing schedules, making bookings, and managing

6. reservations. Web development frameworks like React.js,
Angular, or Vue.js could be used for web-based interfaces,
while platforms like Tkinter or PyQt could be used for desktop
applications.
 Payment Gateway Integration: Software for integrating
payment gateways to facilitate online payments for
reservations. This involves secure handling of financial
transactions. Common payment gateways include PayPal,
Stripe, or integrated banking APIs.
 Ticketing Software: Software for generating and issuing
tickets once reservations are confirmed. This may include
functionalities for e-ticketing as well as physical ticket
printing.
 Admin Panel: Software for administrators to manage the
system, including monitoring bookings, adding or modifying
train schedules, managing user accounts, generating reports,
etc.
 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): APIs may be
needed to enable integration with other systems or services,
such as third-party travel agencies, mobile apps, or partner
railway networks.
 Security Software: Measures for ensuring data security,
including encryption of sensitive information, implementing
authentication and authorization mechanisms, and protecting
against common security threats like SQL injection or cross-
site scripting (XSS).
 Analytics and Reporting Tools: Software for analyzing
reservation data, generating insights, and producing reports on
key performance indicators (KPIs) such as occupancy rates,
revenue, popular routes, etc.

7.  Mobile Applications: Optionally, mobile applications for iOS
and Android platforms to allow users to make reservations,
check schedules, and manage bookings on their smartphones.
These are just some of the essential software components
needed for a railway reservation project. The specific
requirements may vary depending on the scale and complexity
of the project, as well as any unique features or integrations
required by the stakeholders.
Result:

8. Thus the SRS for railway reservation system has been
written as successfull.

9. Ex No:03
Date:
IDENTIFYING USECASE AND
DEVELOPED USECASE MODELS
Aim:
To identify the use case for railway reservation system.
Use case modelling description:
USE CASE DIAGRAM FOR RAILWAY RESERVATION
SYSTEM

10. In this diagram:
 Passenger: Represents individuals who interact with
the system to reserve tickets.
 Reservation Clerk: Represents the staff who manage
reservations on behalf of passengers.
 Reserve Ticket: Use case where passengers reserve
tickets.
 Manage Reservations: Use case where reservation
clerks manage reservations, which may include
booking, canceling, or modifying reservations.
 Railway Reservation System: The main system that
facilitates the entire reservation process.
 Manage Train Schedules: Use case involving the
management of train schedules, including adding new
trains, updating schedules, etc.
This diagram illustrates the basic interactions and
functionalities within a railway reservation system.
Additional actors and use cases can be added to
represent more detailed interactions and functionalities
as needed.
 Manage Payment: Use case where passengers manage
their payment information, such as adding or updating
payment methods.
 Check Reservation: Use case where passengers check
the status of their existing reservations, including

11. viewing booking details, seat assignments, and travel
itinerary.
 Manage Train Schedules: Use case involving the
management of train schedules, including adding new
trains, updating schedules, canceling trains, etc.
Additionally, we could include more specific use cases
or actors, such as:
 Admin: An actor representing system administrators
who manage user accounts, system configurations, and
perform maintenance tasks.
 Notify Passenger: A use case where the system notifies
passengers about their reservation status, changes in
schedules, or any other relevant updates via email or
SMS.
 Generate Reports: A use case where the system
generates various reports, such as daily booking
summaries, revenue reports, or occupancy rates.
 Customer Support: An actor representing customer
support staff who assist passengers with inquiries,
issues, or complaints related to reservations.
 Integrate with External Systems: A use case where the
system integrates with external systems, such as other
transportation networks or travel agencies, for
seamless travel arrangements.
Expanding the diagram in this way provides a more
comprehensive overview of the interactions and

12. functionalities within the railway reservation system,
including the various actors involved and the specific
actions they perform.
Result:
Thus the use case is identified and model was developed.

13. Ex No:04
Date:
CLASS DIAGRAM
Aim:
To draw the class diagram for railway reservation system.
Class diagram:
A class diagram in the Unified Modelling Language
(UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the
structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their
attributes and operations.
A Class diagram in the UML gives an overview of the
system by showing its classes and the relationships among
them. Class diagrams are static-they display what interacts but
not what happens when they do interact.
Basic Elements
1) Class
A class is a set of objects that share a common
structure and common behavior. It’s represented by a
rectangle divided into three parts: class name, attributes and
operations

14. 2) Relationships
Relationships between classes are the connecting
links. Relationships between classes are generally
represented in class diagrams by a line or an arrow joining
the two classes.
a) Dependency
If A depends on B then this is shown by a dashed
arrow between
A and B.
3) Association
There is an association between two classes if an
instance of one class must know about the other in order to
perform its work. An association between A and B shown by a
line joining two classes.
4) Aggregation
Aggregation is the association in which one class
belongs to the collection. If B aggregates A, then A is the part
of B.

15. 5) Generalization
Generalization is an inheritance link indicating one
class is a super class of the other. A generalization has a
triangle pointing to the super class .An inheritance
relationship is indicated in the UML by an arrow with a
triangular arrow head pointing towards to the general.
Class diagram:
The online ticket reservation system makes use of the
following classes:
1.Clerk
2.Railway system
3.Passenger
4.Train
5.Ticket
6.Payment

16. CLASS DIAGRAM FOR RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM
Result:
Thus the class diagram for railway reservation system is
created and drawn.

17. Ex No:05
Date:
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM AND
COLLABORATION DIAGRAM
Aim:
To draw the sequence diagram and to draw a collaboration
diagram.
Developing UML interaction diagram:
Introduction to UML interaction diagram:
Interaction diagram describes how group of objects are
collaborated with each other.
Two types of Interaction diagrams
1) sequence diagram
2) collaboration diagram
sequence diagram
Sequence diagram document the interactions between
classes to achieve a result, such as a use case. Because UML is
designed for object-oriented programming. These
communications between classes are known as messages.
The sequence diagram lists objects horizontally, and time
vertically, and models these messages overtime.
A sequence diagram in Unified Modelling Language
(UML) is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how
processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a

18. construct of a Message Sequence Chart. There are two
dimensions.
1. Vertical dimension-represent time.
2. Horizontal dimension-represent different objects.
Basic Elements
1) object
An object has state, behaviour, an identity object
interact through there links to other objects. the pictorial
representation for an object is a class with prefixed by the
object name and semicolon.

19. a. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM FOR BOOKING TICKET

20. b. SEQUENCE DIAGRAM FOR CANCEL TICKET
C.SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

21. Collabration diagram:
A collaboration diagram, also called a communication
diagram or interaction diagram. A sophisticated modelling
tool can easily convert a collaboration diagram into a
sequence diagram and the vice versa. A collaboration
diagram resembles a flowchart that portrays the roles,
functionality and behaviour of individual objects as well as
the overall operation of the system in real time.
a.COLLABRATION DIAGRAM FOR BOOKING
TICKET

22. b.COLLABRATION DIAGRAM FOR CANCEL
TICKET
c. COLLABRATION DIAGRAM

23. Result:
Thus the collaboration diagram is drawn.

24. Ex No:06
Date:
STATECHART AND ACTIVITY
DIAGRAM
Aim:
To draw the state chart diagram and activity diagram.
State chart diagram:
A UML statement diagram illustrate the interesting events
and states of an object and the behaviour of an object in
reaction to the event transition are shown as arrows, labelled
with their events state are shown as rounded rectangles.

25. STATECHART DIAGRAM
Activity diagram
Activity diagrams are graphical representations of
workflows of stepwise activities and actions with support for
choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modelling
Language, activity diagrams can be used to describe the
business and operational step-by-step workflows of
components in a system. An activity diagram shows the
overall flow of control. An activity is shown as an rounded
box containing the name of the operation.

26. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

27. EX.NO:07
IMPLEMENT THE SYSTEM AS PER THE
DETAILED DESIGN
DATE:
AIM:
TO IMPLEMENT THE SYSTEM AS PER THE DETAILED
DESIGN.
FRONTEND PROGRAM:
<?php require_once('./config.php'); ?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="" style="height: auto;">
<style>
#header{
height:70vh;
width:calc(100%);
position:relative;
top:-1em;
}
#header:before{
content:"";
position:absolute;
height:calc(100%);
width:calc(100%);
background-image:url(<?= validate_image($_settings->info("cover")) ?>);
background-size:cover;

28. background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position: center center;
}
#header>div{
position:absolute;
height:calc(100%);
width:calc(100%);
z-index:2;
}
#top-Nav a.nav-link.active {
color: #343a40;
font-weight: 900;
position: relative;
}
#top-Nav a.nav-link.active:before {
content: "";
position: absolute;
border-bottom: 2px solid #343a40;
width: 33.33%;
left: 33.33%;
bottom: 0;
}
</style>
<?php require_once('inc/header.php') ?>
<body class="layout-top-nav layout-fixed layout-navbar-fixed" style="height:
auto;">
<div class="wrapper">
<?php $page = isset($_GET['page']) ? $_GET['page'] : 'home'; ?>
<?php require_once('inc/topBarNav.php') ?>
<?php if($_settings->chk_flashdata('success')): ?>
<script>

29. alert_toast("<?php echo $_settings->flashdata('success')
?>",'success')
</script>
<?php endif;?>
<!-- Content Wrapper. Contains page content -->
<div class="content-wrapper pt-5" style="">
<?php if($page == "home" || $page == "about_us"): ?>
<div id="header" class="shadow mb-4">
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center h-100 w-100 align-
items-center flex-column px-3">
<h1 class="w-100 text-center site-title px-5"><?php echo
$_settings->info('name') ?></h1>
<!-- <h3 class="w-100 text-center px-5 site-subtitle"><?php
echo $_settings->info('name') ?></h3> -->
</div>
</div>
<?php endif; ?>
<!-- Main content -->
<section class="content ">
<div class="container">
<?php
if(!file_exists($page.".php") && !is_dir($page)){
include '404.html';
}else{
if(is_dir($page))
include $page.'/index.php';
else
include $page.'.php';
}
?>
</div>
</section>

30. <!-- /.content -->
<div class="modal fade rounded-0" id="confirm_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-md modal-dialog-centered" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header rounded-0">
<h5 class="modal-title">Confirmation</h5>
</div>
<div class="modal-body rounded-0">
<div id="delete_content"></div>
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='confirm'
onclick="">Continue</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-
dismiss="modal">Close</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade rounded-0" id="uni_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-md modal-dialog-centered rounded-0"
role="document">
<div class="modal-content rounded-0">
<div class="modal-header rounded-0">
<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>
</div>
<div class="modal-body rounded-0">
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id='submit'
onclick="$('#uni_modal form').submit()">Save</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-
dismiss="modal">Cancel</button>

31. </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade rounded-0" id="uni_modal_right" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-full-height modal-md" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header rounded-0">
<h5 class="modal-title"></h5>
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-
label="Close">
<span class="fa fa-arrow-right"></span>
</button>
</div>
<div class="modal-body rounded-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="modal fade" id="viewer_modal" role='dialog'>
<div class="modal-dialog modal-md" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-
dismiss="modal"><span class="fa fa-times"></span></button>
<img src="" alt="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- /.content-wrapper -->
<?php require_once('inc/footer.php') ?>
</body>

32. </html>

33. Result:
The state chart diagram and activity diagram is drawn.