srs

1. 1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
Airline Reservation System (ARS) Purpose:
An Airline Reservation System (ARS) primarily serves two main purposes:
1. For Passengers:
 Simplifying flight booking: ARS allows passengers to easily search for
flights, compare prices and options, and book tickets online or through travel agents.
 Managing reservations: Passengers can view and manage their bookings, change or
cancel flights, and check in for their trips, often through online portals or mobile apps.
 Improving travel experience: Features like seat selection, meal preferences, and
special assistance requests can be made through the system.
2. For Airlines:
 Efficient inventory management: ARS keeps track of available seats on each
flight, allowing airlines to sell tickets effectively and avoid overbooking.
 Revenue generation: The system facilitates secure online payments and various fare
options, maximizing revenue potential.
 Operational efficiency: Streamlining booking processes, managing passenger
information, and generating reports helps airlines optimize operations and resources.
Additional benefits:
 Real-time updates: Passengers and airlines receive immediate updates on flight
status, schedule changes, and other relevant information.
 Data analysis: Airlines can use booking data to understand passenger
preferences, optimize pricing strategies, and improve service offerings.
Overall, an ARS is a crucial tool for both passengers and airlines, making air travel
more accessible, convenient, and efficient.
I hope this explanation is helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions.
1.2 Intended audience

2. An airline reservation system (ARS) has several intended audiences, each with
different needs and uses. Here's a breakdown:
Primary users:
 Passengers: Travelers booking or managing their flights. This includes both
frequent flyers and occasional travelers. They need a system that's easy to
use, efficient, and offers various flight options and booking features.
 Travel agents: Professionals who book flights for clients. They require
advanced features like managing multiple bookings, group reservations, and
corporate accounts.
Secondary users:
 Airline personnel: Staff responsible for managing reservations, fares, and
inventory. They need a system that provides real-time data, operational
tools, and reporting capabilities.
 Airport authorities: Ground handling and security personnel may access
specific functions related to passenger information and flight schedules.
 Government agencies: Regulatory bodies might need access to specific data
for security or statistical purposes.
Additional considerations:
 System accessibility: The ARS should be accessible to users with
disabilities, complying with relevant regulations and best practices.
 Language support: Depending on the airline's global reach, the system may
need to offer multiple language options.
Remember, the specific needs of each audience will vary depending on the airline's
size, business model, and target market.
I hope this clarifies the intended audience for an airline reservation system!
1.3 Scope
Scope of an Airline Reservation System (ARS)
An Airline Reservation System (ARS) is a complex software application that
manages various aspects of airline operations, primarily focusing on passenger
reservations and ticketing.
Here's a general overview of the scope of an ARS:

3. Core functionalities:
 Flight Search and Booking:
o Search for flights based on various criteria like
origin, destination, date, fare, etc.
o Display flight details including schedules, airlines, fares, and available seats.
o Select and book desired flights for passengers.
o Issue and manage electronic tickets (e-tickets).
 Passenger Management:
o Create and manage passenger profiles with personal information and travel
preferences.
o Manage bookings, including modifications, cancellations, and upgrades.
o Handle special requests like dietary restrictions or wheelchair assistance.
 Payment Processing:
o Integrate with secure payment gateways to process various payment
methods.
o Manage transactions and issue electronic receipts.
 Inventory Management:
o Maintain real-time availability of seats across different fare classes and flights.
o Track and manage waitlists and seat assignments.
 Reporting and Analytics:
o Generate reports on booking trends, passenger demographics, revenue, and
other key metrics.
o Provide insights to optimize pricing, scheduling, and marketing strategies.
Additional functionalities (may vary depending on specific needs):
 Check-in and Boarding:
o Online check-in and seat selection.
o Mobile boarding passes.
 Ancillary Services:
o Booking of additional services like baggage allowance, lounge access, or
travel insurance.
 Frequent Flyer Programs:
o Manage frequent flyer accounts and track miles earned.
o Redeem miles for tickets, upgrades, or other rewards.
 Multi-lingual Support:

4. o Provide interface and support in multiple languages.
 Accessibility Features:
o Cater to the needs of passengers with disabilities.
System Interfaces:
 Integration with other systems like Departure Control Systems (DCS) and Revenue
Management Systems (RMS).
 Communication with external stakeholders like travel agencies and government
authorities.
Note: The specific scope of an ARS will depend on the airline's size, business model,
and target audience. Some airlines may have a more basic system focusing on core
booking functionalities, while others may have a more comprehensive system with
additional features and integrations.
I hope this gives you a good starting point for understanding the scope of an Airline
Reservation System. Let me know if you have any other questions.
1.4
Airline Reservation System (ARS) Definitions and Abbreviations
An Airline Reservation System (ARS) is a computerized system used by airlines to
manage their flight inventory, reservations, and ticketing. It's like a high-tech travel
agent for the airline, keeping track of everything from seat availability to passenger
information.
Here are some common definitions and abbreviations you might encounter related to
airline reservation systems:
General terms:
 PNR (Passenger Name Record): This is a unique record that stores all the
information about a passenger's booking, including name, contact
details, itinerary, and fare. Think of it as your personal file within the airline's system.
 Segment: This refers to one leg of a journey, for example, a flight from one city to
another. A multi-city trip would have multiple segments.
 Inventory: This refers to the number of seats available on a specific flight. Airlines
manage their inventory carefully to avoid overbooking.
 Fare: This is the price of a ticket for a specific flight and class of service
(e.g., economy, business, first).
Common abbreviations:

5.  CRS (Computer Reservation System): This is a broader term that can refer to any
reservation system used in the travel industry, not just airlines.
 GDS (Global Distribution System): These are large networks that connect
airlines, travel agencies, and other travel providers, allowing them to share inventory
and booking information. Think of it as a giant marketplace for travel options.
 IATA (International Air Transport Association): This is a trade association for airlines
that sets industry standards, including some for airline reservation systems.
Additional terms:
 DCS (Departure Control System): This system manages the boarding process at the
airport, checking passengers in and assigning seats.
 FFP (Frequent Flyer Program): This is a loyalty program offered by many airlines that
rewards passengers for flying with them.
I hope this explanation gives you a basic understanding of airline reservation
systems and some of the common terms and abbreviations used. If you have any
further questions, feel free to ask!
Note: I have not included any images in this response, as they may not be
appropriate for all audiences.
1.5 Refrence
An Airline Reservation System (ARS) is a complex software program that helps
airlines manage reservations, ticketing, and passenger information.
Here are some resources you can refer to for SRS (Software Requirement
Specifications) of an Airline Reservation System:
1. Existing Sample SRS Documents:
 Airline Reservation System
SRS: https://www.scribd.com/doc/130966364/Airline-Reservation-System-
SRS
 Air Ticket Reservation System
SRS: https://www.scribd.com/doc/130966364/Airline-Reservation-System-
SRS
 SRS on airline reservation
system: https://www.slideshare.net/VikasSingh958/srs-on-airline-reservation-
system
These documents provide detailed specifications for various airline reservation
systems, covering functional and non-functional requirements. They can serve as a
good starting point for understanding the different aspects of an ARS SRS.

6. 2. Online Resources:
 SRS Template for Airline Reservation
System: https://www.studocu.com/row/document/iqra-university/bachelor-of-
computer-science/srs-airline-management-system/8695767
 Airline Reservation System
Requirements: https://www.studocu.com/row/document/iqra-
university/bachelor-of-computer-science/srs-airline-management-
system/8695767
These resources offer guidelines and templates for creating an SRS document for an
airline reservation system. They can help you structure your document and ensure it
covers all the essential elements.
3. Software Engineering Textbooks:
Software engineering textbooks often include examples of SRS documents for
different types of software systems. While not specifically focused on airline
reservation systems, these examples can provide valuable insights into the structure
and content of an SRS document.
Please note: These resources are provided for educational purposes only and may
not be suitable for commercial use. When developing an SRS for a real-world airline
reservation system, it's important to consult with experienced professionals and
consider the specific needs and requirements of your chosen project.
I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
2. Introduction
2.1 Overall Description
I'm unable to create visual diagrams directly, but I'll provide a detailed description of
key user interface elements for an airline reservation system's SRS, suitable for
understanding under 18:
1. Home Page:
 Clear and concise title or logo indicating the airline.
 Search fields for entering origin and destination cities.
 Date fields for selecting departure and return dates (if applicable).
 Number field for indicating the number of passengers.

7.  Button labeled "Search Flights" to initiate the search process.
 Links or buttons to other sections like "Manage Bookings", "Check-in", or
"Contact Us".
2. Search Results Page:
 List of available flights, displaying:
o Airlines
o Departure and arrival times
o Flight durations
o Fare prices
o Stops (if any)
 Filters for refining search results based on preferences
(e.g., price, airlines, timings).
 Option to sort results by different criteria (e.g., price, duration, departure time).
 Button to select a specific flight for booking.
3. Booking Page:
 Summary of selected flight details.
 Fields to enter passenger information:
o Names
o Contact details
o Passport information
 Option to choose seats (if available).
 Selection of add-ons like baggage, meals, or priority boarding.
 Payment details section for entering credit card or other payment information.
 Button to confirm the booking.
4. Booking Confirmation Page:
 Display of booking reference number and itinerary details.
 Option to print or email the confirmation.
 Links to manage the booking or check-in online.
5. Manage Bookings Page:

8.  List of past and upcoming bookings.
 Option to view booking details.
 Option to cancel or modify bookings (if allowed).
 Option to check-in online for upcoming flights.
Additional Interface Elements:
 User Account Page: (if applicable)
o View and manage personal information.
o View past travel history.
o Edit account settings.
 Contact Us Page:
o Contact information for customer support.
o Option to submit queries or requests.
 FAQ Page:
o Answers to common questions about the reservation system and
airline policies.
Key Considerations for Under-18 Users:
 Simple and Clear Language: Use easy-to-understand terms and avoid
technical jargon.
 Visually Appealing Design: Use engaging colors, images, and icons to
enhance user experience.
 Interactive Elements: Incorporate interactive features like animations or
progress bars to guide users through the process.
 Accessibility Features: Ensure the system is accessible to users with
disabilities, such as providing text alternatives for images and supporting
assistive technologies.
2.2 System Interface
Main components of an airline reservation system:
 User interface: This is how users interact with the system, typically through a
website or mobile app. It allows users to search for flights, book
tickets, manage reservations, and more.
 Reservation database: This stores all the information about
flights, fares, passengers, and bookings.

9.  Fare calculation engine: This calculates the price of a ticket based on various
factors, such as the route, date, fare class, and any applicable taxes or fees.
 Payment gateway: This allows users to securely pay for their bookings.
 Inventory management system: This tracks the availability of seats on flights
and ensures that tickets are not oversold.
 Communication interfaces: These allow the system to communicate with other
systems, such as airline ticketing and departure control systems.
General considerations for airline reservation system interfaces:
 User-friendly: The interface should be easy to use and navigate, even for first-
time users.
 Informative: The interface should provide all the information users need to
make informed booking decisions.
 Secure: The interface should protect user data and financial information.
 Responsive: The interface should be responsive to different screen sizes and
devices.
2.3 constraints ,Assumptions And Dependancy
Constraints, Assumptions, and Dependencies for Airline Reservation
System (SRS)
Constraints:
 System Performance: The system must be able to handle a high volume of
concurrent users and transactions without significant delays or outages.
 Data Security: Passenger information and financial data must be securely stored and
transmitted using industry-standard encryption protocols.
 Integration with Third-Party Systems: The system may need to integrate with other
systems like payment gateways, airport databases, and loyalty programs.
 Regulatory Compliance: The system must comply with all relevant data privacy
regulations and airline industry standards.
Assumptions:
 Users have basic computer skills and access to the internet.
 The system has access to accurate and up-to-date flight schedule and fare
information.
 Payment systems are functional and reliable.
 System administrators have the necessary technical expertise to maintain and
operate the system.

10. Dependencies:
 Hardware: The system requires reliable servers, network infrastructure, and user
devices.
 Software: The system relies on operating systems, database management
systems, booking engine software, and security applications.
 External Services: The system may depend on external services like payment
gateways, email servers, and SMS notification providers.
Additional Considerations:
 Accessibility: The system should be accessible to users with disabilities.
 Multilingual support: The system may need to support multiple languages depending
on the airline's target audience.
 Scalability: The system should be able to scale to accommodate future growth in
passenger volume and new features.
Remember, the specific constraints, assumptions, and dependencies will vary
depending on the specific airline reservation system and its functionalities. This is a
general overview to help you get started.
2.4 User charatristics
User Characteristics for Airline Reservation System for SRS
To accurately define user characteristics for your airline reservation system for SRS,
it's crucial to consider various factors. Here's a breakdown based on user roles and
demographics:
User Roles:
 Travelers:
o Frequency: Occasional flyers, frequent flyers, business travelers, leisure
travelers.
o Needs: Booking flights, managing reservations, checking flight
status, accessing boarding passes, mobile compatibility.
o Technical skills: Varying levels of comfort with technology.
 Travel agents:
o Needs: Booking flights for multiple clients, managing group
bookings, accessing corporate rates, customizing itineraries.
o Technical skills: Proficient in using reservation systems.
 Airline staff:

11. o Roles: Reservation agents, gate agents, customer service representatives.
o Needs: Accessing and modifying reservations, checking passenger
information, managing waitlists, handling cancellations.
o Technical skills: Expert in using the airline's specific reservation system.
Demographics:
 Age: 18-25, 26-45, 46-65, 65+ (consider specific needs of each age group).
 Location: Domestic travelers, international travelers.
 Tech savviness: Tech-savvy users, users with basic digital literacy, users with limited
technology access.
 Accessibility needs: Users with visual impairments, hearing impairments, or other
disabilities.
Additional factors:
 Budget: Budget travelers, luxury travelers.
 Travel purpose: Business, leisure, visiting friends and family.
 Preferred booking methods: Online, mobile app, phone, travel agent.
Remember:
 User research is key: Conduct surveys, interviews, and usability testing to gather real
user data and feedback.
 Prioritize core needs: Ensure the system caters to the essential needs of all user
groups.
 Accessibility is crucial: Make the system accessible to users with disabilities.
 User interface matters: Design a user-friendly interface that is intuitive and easy to
navigate.
 Mobile-first approach: Consider the growing importance of mobile booking and
optimize the system for mobile devices.
By understanding your users and their characteristics, you can design an airline
reservation system for SRS that is efficient, user-friendly, and meets the needs of
everyone involved.

12. 3. System features and Requirements :
3.1 Functional Requirements
Functional Requirements for an Airline Reservation
System (SRS)
An airline reservation system (ARS) is a software application that allows users to
book and manage airline travel. Here are some of the core functional requirements
for such a system:
User Management:
 User registration and login: Users should be able to create accounts and log in to
access the system's features.
 User profile management: Users should be able to update their personal
information, contact details, and travel preferences.
Flight Search and Booking:
 Flight search: Users should be able to search for flights by specifying
origin, destination, date, and other criteria. The system should display relevant flight
options with information such as airlines, flight numbers, departure and arrival
times, fares, and available seats.
Opens in a new window www.lemax.net
searching for flights on an airline reservation system
 Flight selection and booking: Users should be able to select a flight and book seats
for their desired travel dates. The system should guide users through the booking
process, including fare selection, passenger information input, and payment
processing.

13.  Payment processing: The system should support secure online payment options for
booking flights.
 Booking confirmation and e-tickets: Users should receive confirmation emails and e-
tickets for their booked flights.
Manage Bookings:
 View and manage bookings: Users should be able to view their booking
history, manage existing bookings, and make changes to their reservations if needed.
 Cancellation and rebooking: Users should be able to cancel their bookings and
rebook flights within system limitations and applicable fees.
 Seat selection and upgrades: Users should be able to select specific seats or
upgrade their travel class if available.
Additional Features:
 Frequent flyer program integration: The system should integrate with the airline's
frequent flyer program to allow users to earn and redeem miles.
 Travel insurance: Users should be able to purchase travel insurance during the
booking process.
 Baggage allowance information: The system should display baggage allowance
information for different fare classes and routes.
 Check-in and boarding pass issuance: The system may allow online check-in and
issuance of boarding passes for eligible flights.
Non-Functional Requirements:
 Security: The system must be secure and protect user data, including financial
information.
 Reliability and performance: The system should be reliable and performant, even
during peak booking times.
 Usability: The system should be user-friendly and easy to navigate for users of all
technical abilities.
 Accessibility: The system should be accessible to users with disabilities.
These are just some of the core functional requirements for an airline reservation
system. The specific requirements may vary depending on the airline's business
needs and target audience.
3.2 hardware and software requirements
Determining the minimum hardware and software requirements for an
airline reservation system depends on several factors, including:

14. Scale and complexity:
 Number of users: Will it be used by a small travel agency or a large
airline company?
 Flight volume: How many flights are managed by the system?
 Features: Does it need basic booking capabilities or advanced
functionalities like baggage reservation, loyalty programs, etc.?
Technology choices:
 Architecture: Cloud-based or on-premise deployment?
 Database: Relational or NoSQL database?
 Programming language: Java, Python, etc.?
Budget:
 Cost of hardware, software licenses, and maintenance.
Therefore, it's not possible to provide a single set of "minimum"
requirements without understanding these details.
However, here's a general overview of typical hardware and software
components:
Hardware:
 Servers: Powerful enough to handle system load and data storage.
 Network equipment: Reliable and secure network infrastructure.
 Backup systems: To ensure data availability in case of outages.
Software:
 Operating system: Windows Server, Linux, etc.
 Database management system: Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.
 Application software: Custom-developed or off-the-shelf reservation
system software.
 Security software: Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, etc.

15. Additional considerations:
 Performance: The system should be able to handle peak booking
periods without delays.
 Scalability: It should be able to grow as the airline's business
expands.
 Reliability: The system should be highly available and minimize
downtime.
 Security: Data privacy and security are crucial for protecting
customer information.
For an SRS implementation, it's recommended to consult with experienced
IT professionals or vendors specializing in airline reservation systems.
They can help you assess your specific needs and recommend suitable
hardware, software, and configurations based on your budget and scale.
3.3 Non-Functional Requirements
Non-Functional Requirements for Airline Reservation System (SRS)
Here are some examples of non-functional requirements for an airline reservation
system (SRS):
Performance:
 Response time: The system should respond to user actions within a specified
timeframe, such as searching for flights or making a booking, even during peak load
times.
 Throughput: The system should be able to handle a certain number of concurrent
users and transactions per second without performance degradation.
 Availability: The system should be highly available and operational for a specified
percentage of time, minimizing downtime and disruptions.
Security:
 Data security: User data, such as personal information and payment details, should
be protected from unauthorized access, modification, or deletion.
 System security: The system should be resistant to hacking, malware, and other
security threats.
 Privacy: User privacy should be respected according to relevant data privacy
regulations.

16. Usability:
 User interface: The user interface should be user-friendly, intuitive, and easy to
navigate for both customers and airline personnel.
 Accessibility: The system should be accessible to users with disabilities according to
relevant accessibility guidelines.
 Localization: The system should be able to support different languages and
currencies.
Scalability:
 The system should be able to accommodate the growth of the airline's business in
terms of passenger volume, routes, and features.
Maintainability:
 The system should be modular and well-documented for easy maintenance and
upgrades.
Reliability:
 The system should be reliable and minimize errors or data inconsistencies.
 System backups and disaster recovery procedures should be in place to ensure data
and system restoration in case of failures.
Other NFRs:
 Cost-effectiveness: The system should be developed and maintained within a
reasonable budget.
 Interoperability: The system should be able to integrate with other airline
systems, such as ticketing and gate management systems.
These are just some examples, and the specific NFRs for your airline reservation
system will depend on your specific needs and priorities. It is important to clearly
define and document these requirements in your SRS document to ensure that the
developed system meets your expectations.
3.4 Performance Requirements
Performance Requirements for Airline Reservation System (SRS)
Defining performance requirements for an airline reservation system (ARS) is crucial
for ensuring a smooth and efficient user experience. Here are some key areas to
consider:

17. 1. Speed:
 Response time: How quickly should the system respond to user actions like
searching for flights, booking tickets, or making changes? Aim for responses within
seconds to avoid frustrating users.
 Transaction processing time: How long should it take to complete a transaction, such
as booking a ticket or canceling a reservation? Strive for transactions to be
completed within 10-15 seconds.
 System uptime: What percentage of the time should the system be available to
users? Aim for 99.5% or higher uptime.
2. Scalability:
 Peak load handling: How well should the system handle periods of high traffic, such
as during holidays or major sales events? Consider the expected number of
concurrent users and ensure the system can handle surges without significant
performance degradation.
 Data growth: How well should the system handle the increasing volume of data over
time, such as passenger information, booking records, and flight schedules? Design
the system with efficient data storage and retrieval mechanisms to accommodate
future growth.
3. Availability:
 Fault tolerance: How should the system handle hardware or software
failures? Implement redundancy measures like backup servers and disaster recovery
plans to minimize downtime and data loss.
 Security: How should the system protect user data and prevent unauthorized
access? Implement robust security measures like encryption and access controls to
ensure data privacy and integrity.
4. Monitoring and reporting:
 Performance metrics: Define key performance indicators (KPIs) to track system
response times, transaction processing times, uptime, and other relevant metrics.
 Monitoring tools: Implement tools to monitor system performance in real-time and
identify potential issues before they impact users.
 Reporting: Generate reports to analyze system performance trends and identify
areas for improvement.
When specifying performance requirements in an SRS, it's important to:
 Quantify requirements: Use specific numbers and metrics to define acceptable
performance levels.

18.  Prioritize requirements: Identify the most critical performance requirements that must
be met.
 Define measurement methods: Specify how performance will be measured and
monitored.
By carefully defining and documenting performance requirements, you can ensure
that your airline reservation system meets the needs of your users and delivers a
positive experience.
4. Other Requirements :
Additional Requirements for Airline Reservation System for SRS
Here are some additional requirements you might consider for your airline
reservation system, categorized by user type:
For Passengers:
 User-friendly interface: The system should be easy to navigate and use, even for
passengers who are not tech-savvy. A clear and intuitive interface can improve the
booking experience and reduce frustration.
Opens in a new window medium.com
userfriendly airline reservation system interface
 Flexible search options: Allow passengers to search for flights by various
criteria, such as destination, date, price, airline, and preferred layover options.
 Real-time availability: The system should display up-to-date seat availability for
flights, ensuring passengers book the seats they want.
 Multiple payment options: Offer a variety of secure payment methods, such as credit
cards, debit cards, and online wallets, to cater to different passenger preferences.

19.  Manage bookings: Allow passengers to easily view, manage, and modify their
existing bookings, including cancelling or changing flights.
 Self-service check-in: Enable passengers to check in for their flights online or through
a mobile app, saving time at the airport.
 Flight status updates: Provide real-time updates on flight status, such as
delays, cancellations, and gate changes, to keep passengers informed.
 Personalized recommendations: Recommend flights or services based on the
passenger's travel preferences and past booking history.
For Airlines:
 Inventory management: Track and manage seat availability in real-time across
different channels (website, mobile app, travel agents).
 Revenue management: Optimize pricing and seat allocation to maximize revenue
and fill flights.
 Reporting and analytics: Generate reports on booking trends, passenger
demographics, and other data to gain insights and improve the system.
 Integration with other systems: Integrate the reservation system with other airline
systems, such as check-in, boarding, and baggage handling, for a seamless travel
experience.
 Security and compliance: Ensure the system meets all relevant data security and
privacy regulations to protect passenger information.
For Travel Agents:
 Agent portal: Provide travel agents with a dedicated portal to access booking
tools, manage client bookings, and view commission reports.
 Bulk booking: Allow agents to book flights for multiple passengers at once.
 Special fares and packages: Offer access to special fares and packages available
only through travel agents.
These are just some suggestions, and the specific requirements for your airline
reservation system will depend on your target audience, business goals, and budget.
5. Dilivery for approval