Media studies ocr

1. Component 2 Evolving Media
Section A: RADIO
BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show
Media Industries & Media Audiences

2. •REWIND REVISE

3. Public Service Broadcasting
What is it ?
The broadcasting provision of information, education and entertainment
The PSB principles were established in 1925 by the first Director General John
Reith.
The PSB principle first applied to BBC radio, then BBC TV in 1936 and was later
applied to all terrestrial TV channels (ITV, Channel 4 & Channel 5)
PSB requirements do not apply to Satellite and Cable channels.
?

4. 1922 - Formation of the British Broadcasting Company -
John Reith
1927 Becomes the British Broadcasting Corporation est. by
Royal Charter
‘Nation shall speak peace unto Nation’

5. The BBC duty/remit:
To Inform,
Educate
and Entertain
Reithian Values

6. Who set up the BBC
What year?
What were his values? (ideology)

7. BBC radio Monopoly 1922 – 1960s

8. What was pirate radio ?
When did it start?
Why did it start?

9. Early 1960s "Pirate radio stations"
Broadcast from offshore ships –
not illegal because they were in international waters.
Set up to meet the demand for pop and rock music, which
was not catered for by the legal BBC Radio
Radio Caroline broadcast from a ship off Essex coast in 1964.
By 1967 10 pirate radio stations were broadcasting to an estimated daily audience of
10 to 15 million.
Influential pirate radio DJs included John Peel, Tony Blackburn, Kenny Everett.
The format was influenced by American radio stations - top 40 format with informal
DJs- the antithesis of BBC radio at the time. Land based pirate stations took to the
air on medium wave at weekends, such as Radio Free London in 1968

10. Radio 1 is launched
BBC Light programme becomes Radio 2
BBC third Programme becomes radio 3
Home Service becomes Radio 4
First local BBC radio station in Leicester
1967

11. BBC Radio 1’s Public Service Broadcast Remit
1.Stimulating, creative and cultural content
2.Sustain Citizenship and civil society
3.Interactive coverage
4.Reflect regions, UK nation and communities
5.Bring the UK to the world and the world to the UK
6.Emerging technological communications

12. Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) radio in launched (Commercial DAB receivers
began to be sold in 1999)
Over 50 commercial and BBC DAB services were available in London by 2001
1996 - 2001
31 million people in UK now own a DAB radio

13. 2000’s internet radio stations MEDIA
CONVERGENCE
Gold fm radio
Box UK radio
KISS hits fm
Dance Radio UK

14. New communications regulator Ofcom established replacing:
•the Broadcasting Standards Commission,
•The Independent Television Commission (ITC)
•the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel)
•the Radio Authority
•the Radio communications Agency
REGULATOR: From 2003

15. 2007 BBC iplayer launched
2007

16. Radio Brand Identities
• BBC Radio 1: to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of
contemporary music and speech. 15-29 year olds
 BBC Radio 1 Xtra: to play the best in contemporary black music with a strong emphasis on live music and
supporting new UK artists. DAB an on-line
 BBC Radio 2: to be a distinctive mixed music and speech service, targeted at a broad audience, appealing
to all age groups over 35.
 BBC Radio 3: to offer a mix of music and cultural programming in order to engage and entertain its
audience.
 BBC Radio 4: to be a mixed speech service, offering in-depth news and current affairs and a wide range of
other speech output including drama, readings, comedy, factual and magazine programmes.
 BBC Radio 4 Extra: to provide speech-based entertainment. Its schedule includes comedy, drama, stories,
features, readings and programmes that appeal to children.
 BBC Radio 5 Live: to provide live news and sports coverage.
 BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra: to bring a greater choice of live action to sports fans by offering a part-
time extension of BBC Radio 5 live.
 BBC Radio 6 Music: to entertain lovers of popular music with a service that celebrates the alternative spirit
in popular music from the 1960s to the present day.
 BBC Asian Network: to provide speech and music output appealing to British Asians, with a strong focus
on news and current affairs.
 The World Service is broadcast internationally and provides news, analysis and information. 27 languages

17. RAJAR
Radio Joint Audience Research
• RAJAR is a single audience measurement system for the radio
industry in the UK.
• RAJAR collects information form over 300 BBC and Ofcom
licenced commercial radio stations, this can range from very
small local services to the national networks

18. Funding BBC Licence Fee
• The BBC licence is collected from all UK households who own a
television.
• This revenue funds BBC TV, radio and internet programmes.

20. How much is spent on BBC radio
each year
How much is spent on BBC radio 1
each year?

21. 2014
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/14/h
ow-does-the-bbc-spend-its-5bn-in-licence-fee-
money/

22. Who is Ben Cooper and
what is his innovative
initative to increase
listeners to BBC Radio 1?

23. BBC Radio 1 REMIT
‘to entertain and engage a broad range of
young listeners with a distinctive mix of
music and speech that reflects the lives and
interests of 15-29 year olds’.

24. BBC Radio 1 recent history
• 2009 – Complaints that BBC Radio 1 play too much popular music – not
different enough to commercial competitors
• 2012 Chris Moyles replaced by Nick Grimshaw (younger and less London
centric)
• 10 years running up to Q4 2017 – Breakfast show listeners ratings slump.
• February 2018 – RAJAR release Q4 2017 figures. Increase for first time in 10
years due to Controller Ben Cooper initiatives – Listen, Watch Share /
Netflix for Radio policy.
• March 2018 – Ofcom issue Radio 1’s new quota for new music from 40-50%
(they actually already play 54%)
• April 2018 – Breakfast show to be cut to 4 days a week – 3 day weekend
schedule.

25. • What is the new Ofcom ruling? BBC Radio 1 has
been told that 50% of the songs it plays in the
daytime must be "new music".
• What is ‘New Music’ classed as? "A song is to be
considered 'New Music' for a period of either (a)
12 months from first release; or (b) six weeks
from the date it first enters the Top 20 -
whichever is sooner."
• What is the new Radio One quota for
new music? Radio 1's new music quota has been
raised from 45% to 50% of the songs broadcast in
daytime
• What % does Radio 1 already play? already
exceed the targets - playing 54%

26. Ben Cooper 'Listen, watch
share' - content for smart
phone generation
YouTube 1.4 billion viewers.
'Netflix of radio music'
Social media Twitter
Instagram Snapchat and
Facebook

27. “It’s our job at Radio 1 to
reinvent the way young people
listen to the radio, to disrupt
traditional thinking and to look
for new ways in which to grow
audiences.”
Ben Cooper controller
of BBC Radio 1, 1Xtra and the
Asian Network

28. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/apr/10/nick-grimshaw-bbc-radio-1-breakfast-show-cut-
four-days-week?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
• What has happened?
4 day week breakfast show
• Why has it happened?
To increase listeners and on-line
following by 15-29 year olds
• What is they reason for this
action?
Younger generation more active
socially on Fri and weekend??

29. Commercial radio funding?
How else do they generate revenue?
Advertising Revenue
Sponsorship
Promotions
Merchandising
Events

30. http://www.kiss-tickets.com/#

31. How does the content of a commercial radio breakfast
show like Kiss FM differ from BBC radio 1?
Adverts
More commercially successful music
Less news
No citizen / civil society encouraged
Less academic presenters
More commercially sponsored prizes

32. APPLY LEARNING