Radical political representation: crowdsourcing and searching historical political cartoons

•

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The document summarizes a joint project between the NIOD (historical research institute) and the Meertens Institute (technology institute) to develop a framework to systematically describe historical political cartoons from a Dutch nationalist weekly newspaper published from 1933-1945. Volunteers were crowdsourced to annotate cartoons, providing insights into propaganda during times of crisis and war as well as political culture. Over 80 volunteers participated in the project, mostly highly educated Dutch residents representing a variety of ages, regions, and gender.

Technology

Radical
Poli*cal
Representa*on

Crowdsourcing
and
searching
historical

poli3cal
cartoons

Kees
Ribbens
(NIOD)

Rob
Zeeman
(MI)

Junte
Zhang
(MI/NIOD)

Workshop
Public-‐Private
Ini6a6ves
in
Digital
Humani6es

NIAS,
Wassenaar

21-‐22
March
2013

People
&
Fatherland

Na6onal
Socialist
weekly
(1933-‐1945)

Maarten
Meuldijk

(1894-‐1972)

Crowdsourcing

Volk
en
Vaderland
28
maart
1941

Volunteers
(N
=
81):
some
facts

Provinces
of
residence

Noord-‐Holland,
Zuid-‐Holland,
Utrecht

49

Gelderland,
Flevoland,
Overijssel

13

Zeeland,
Noord-‐Brabant,
Limburg

9

Groningen,
Friesland,
Drenthe

6

Abroad

4

Born

Before
1950

9

Between
1950
-‐
1969

26

Between
1970
-‐
1989

35

Between
1990-‐2013

11

Gender

Average
age

42.9
Men

49

Youngest
volunteer

19

Women
32

Oldest
volunteer

81

Highest
level
of
educa3on

LBO
/
VBO
/
VMBO
/
MAVO
/
(M)ULO
3

HAVO
/
HBS
/
VWO
/
MBO

11

HBO

21

WO

46

Amount
of
historical
knowledge

‘Very
large’

20

‘Large’

42

‘Average’

18

‘Litle’

1

What
is
the
most
important
topic
of
the
cartoon?

Social
themes

85

Military
themes

84

Economy

75

Poli6cs

68

Race

27

Culture

20

Religion

18

Which
professions
are
represented?

Poli6cians

7

Workers

31

Military

17

Civil
servants

6

Journalists

6

Businessmen

6

Clergymen

5

Which
sec3ons
of
the
popula3on

are
represented
most
oHen?

Poor
and
needy

30

Elite

19

Wealthy
ci6zens

8

Jews

21

Men

23

Women

5

Children

7

Elderly

3

Representa3ves
of
which
poli3cal
ideologies
are
shown?

Bolsheviks
or
Communists

28

Marxists

6

Social
Democrats

42

Socialists

41

Catholics

26

Protestants

12

Chris6ans

2

Democrats

14

Na6onaal
Socialists

13

Going
a
step
further:

In
what
degree
do
people
with
li]le
contextual/background
knowledge
ﬁnd
a

cartoon
representa6ve
of
Nazism?

Going
a
step
further:

In
what
degree
do
people
with
academic
degrees
and
a
lot
of
background

knowledge
ﬁnd
a
cartoon
representa6ve
of
Nazism?

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Radical political representation: crowdsourcing and searching historical political cartoons

1. Radical Poli*cal Representa*on Crowdsourcing and searching historical poli3cal cartoons Kees Ribbens (NIOD) Rob Zeeman (MI) Junte Zhang (MI/NIOD) Workshop Public-‐Private Ini6a6ves in Digital Humani6es NIAS, Wassenaar 21-‐22 March 2013

2. Radical Poli3cal Representa3on Highlights   A joint project of NIOD (historical research) and Meertens Ins6tute (technology)   Develop a framework to describe poli6cal cartoons systema6cally   Enhance understanding of crowdsourcing   Gain insight into propaganda in periods of crisis and war and into the development of poli6cal culture by using poli6cal cartoons   Make poli6cal cartoons accessible and explorable URL: h(p://www.meertens.knaw.nl/vova/

3. People & Fatherland Na6onal Socialist weekly (1933-‐1945) Maarten Meuldijk (1894-‐1972)

4. Volk en Vaderland 28 March 1941

5. Crowdsourcing Volk en Vaderland 28 maart 1941

6. h]p://www.meertens.knaw.nl/vova/

8. Volunteers (N = 81): some facts Provinces of residence Noord-‐Holland, Zuid-‐Holland, Utrecht 49 Gelderland, Flevoland, Overijssel 13 Zeeland, Noord-‐Brabant, Limburg 9 Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe 6 Abroad 4 Born Before 1950 9 Between 1950 -‐ 1969 26 Between 1970 -‐ 1989 35 Between 1990-‐2013 11 Gender Average age 42.9 Men 49 Youngest volunteer 19 Women 32 Oldest volunteer 81

9. Highest level of educa3on LBO / VBO / VMBO / MAVO / (M)ULO 3 HAVO / HBS / VWO / MBO 11 HBO 21 WO 46 Amount of historical knowledge ‘Very large’ 20 ‘Large’ 42 ‘Average’ 18 ‘Litle’ 1

10.

11. h]p://www.meertens.knaw.nl/vova/search/

12. What is the most important topic of the cartoon? Social themes 85 Military themes 84 Economy 75 Poli6cs 68 Race 27 Culture 20 Religion 18

13. Which professions are represented? Poli6cians 7 Workers 31 Military 17 Civil servants 6 Journalists 6 Businessmen 6 Clergymen 5

14. Which sec3ons of the popula3on are represented most oHen? Poor and needy 30 Elite 19 Wealthy ci6zens 8 Jews 21 Men 23 Women 5 Children 7 Elderly 3

15. Representa3ves of which poli3cal ideologies are shown? Bolsheviks or Communists 28 Marxists 6 Social Democrats 42 Socialists 41 Catholics 26 Protestants 12 Chris6ans 2 Democrats 14 Na6onaal Socialists 13

16. Going a step further: In what degree do people with li]le contextual/background knowledge ﬁnd a cartoon representa6ve of Nazism?

17. Going a step further: In what degree do people with academic degrees and a lot of background knowledge ﬁnd a cartoon representa6ve of Nazism?

18. Expecta6ons and future scenarios

Radical political representation: crowdsourcing and searching historical political cartoons

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