Download as KEY, PPTX
![Response in Ruby
Environment
Status
lambda { |env|
[
200,
{"Content-Type"=>"text/plain"},
["Hello, Rack!"]
]
} Headers
Body](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-13-320.jpg)
![Simplest Rack app
run Proc.new { |env|
[
200,
{"Content-Type"=>"text/plain"},
["Hello, Rack!"]
]
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-16-320.jpg)
![rackup
# config.ru
class Awesome
def call(env)
[200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'AWESOME.']
end
end
run Awesome.new
# console
rackup config.ru](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-17-320.jpg)
![Rack::Builder
app = Rack::Builder.app do
map '/awesome' do
run Awesome
end
map '/' do
run Proc{ 404,
{"Content-Type" => "text/html"},
['awesome requests only'] }
end
end
run app](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-18-320.jpg)
![Home-made middleware
class JSMinifier
def initialize(app, path)
@app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path)
end
def call(env)
path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"]))
return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/)
if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..")
return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]]
end
return [ 200,
{ "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" },
[JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-21-320.jpg)
![Home-made middleware
class JSMinifier
def initialize(app, path)
@app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path)
end
def call(env)
path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"]))
return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/)
if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..")
return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]]
end
return [ 200,
{ "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" },
[JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-22-320.jpg)
![Home-made middleware
class JSMinifier
def initialize(app, path)
@app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path)
end
def call(env)
path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"]))
return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/)
if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..")
return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]]
end
return [ 200,
{ "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" },
[JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-23-320.jpg)
![env['warden'].authenticated?
env['warden'].authenticate!(:password)
env['warden'].user
Warden::Strategies.add(:password) do
def valid?
params[:username] || params[:password]
end
def authenticate!
u = User.authenticate(params[:username],
params[:password])
u.nil? ? fail!("Could not log in") : success!
(u)
end
end
Warden](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rack-120926114112-phpapp02/85/Using-and-scaling-Rack-and-Rack-based-middleware-32-320.jpg)
Uploaded byAlona Mekhovova
Using and scaling Rack and Rack-based middleware
Rack provides a standard interface between web servers and web applications. It allows a web application to return a status, headers, and a body in response to an HTTP request. Middleware can be plugged into a Rack application to modify requests and responses. Popular Rack middleware includes Rack::Cache, Rack::Middleware, and Warden for authentication. In Rails, middleware is configured through an initializer and plugged into the middleware stack to run before or after other middleware.
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Using and scaling Rack and Rack-based middleware
- 1. Using and scaling Rack and Rack-based middleware
- 2. Alona Mekhovova Ruby/Rails developer& co-founder @ RubyGarage Organizer & coach @ RailsGirls Ruby on Rails courses leading Involved in growing Ruby Community in Dnipro Monthly Rails MeetUps organizer skype: alony_ alony@rubygarage.org
- 3. Overview Why do weneed Rack? Simple Rack app & own middleware Available middleware overview Plugging middleware into Rails What’s next?
- 5.
- 6.
- 7. the http protocol request=> response stateless
- 8. request: response: Request method, URI, Protocol version, protocol version status code, its desc Request headers Response headers Request body Response body
- 9. http from a bird’seye view REQUEST RESPONSE
- 10. Request structure {"HTTP_USER_AGENT"=>"curl/7.12.2 ..." Classically, a "REMOTE_HOST"=>"127.0.0.1", CGI "PATH_INFO"=>"/", "HTTP_HOST"=>"ruby-lang.org", environment "SERVER_PROTOCOL"=>"HTTP/1.1", "SCRIPT_NAME"=>"", "REQUEST_PATH"=>"/", Most "REMOTE_ADDR"=>"127.0.0.1", frameworks "HTTP_VERSION"=>"HTTP/1.1", "REQUEST_URI"=>"http://ruby-lang.org/", already use "SERVER_PORT"=>"80", smth like that, "HTTP_PRAGMA"=>"no-cache", most developers "QUERY_STRING"=>"", "GATEWAY_INTERFACE"=>"CGI/1.1", know the fields "HTTP_ACCEPT"=>"*/*", "REQUEST_METHOD"=>"GET"} Let’s keep it
- 11. Response structure Status HTTP/1.1 302 Found Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2007 10:07:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.54 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.0.54 OpenSSL0.9.7e Headers Location: http://www.ruby-lang.org/ Content-Length: 209 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Body <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>302 Found</title> </head><body> <h1>Found</h1> <p>The document has moved <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/">here</a> </p> </body></html>
- 12. Response in Ruby Status HTTP/1.1 302 Found Integer Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2007 10:07:53 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.54 (Debian GNU/Linux) mod_ssl/2.0.54 OpenSSL0.9.7e Headers Location: http://www.ruby-lang.org/ Content-Length: 209 Hash Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Body <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> Array <html><head> <title>302 Found</title> </head><body> <h1>Found</h1> <p>The document has moved <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/">here</a> </p> </body></html>
- 13. Response in Ruby Environment Status lambda { |env| [ 200, {"Content-Type"=>"text/plain"}, ["Hello, Rack!"] ] } Headers Body
- 14. Summarizing The Rack appgets called with the CGI environment... ...and returns an Array of status, header & body
- 15. ...and again HTTPSERVER YOUR FANCY APP
- 16. Simplest Rack app runProc.new { |env| [ 200, {"Content-Type"=>"text/plain"}, ["Hello, Rack!"] ] }
- 17. rackup # config.ru class Awesome def call(env) [200, {'Content-Type' => 'text/plain'}, 'AWESOME.'] end end run Awesome.new # console rackup config.ru
- 18. Rack::Builder app = Rack::Builder.appdo map '/awesome' do run Awesome end map '/' do run Proc{ 404, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ['awesome requests only'] } end end run app
- 19. Rack::Builder Rack::Builder.new do use Rack::CommonLogger useRack::ShowExceptions use Rack::ShowStatus use Rack::Lint run MyRackApp.new end
- 20. Middleware HTTP HTTP Middleware1 Middleware Middleware2 Rack Rack application application Rack application
- 21. Home-made middleware class JSMinifier def initialize(app, path) @app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path) end def call(env) path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"])) return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/) if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..") return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]] end return [ 200, { "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" }, [JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )] ] end end
- 22. Home-made middleware class JSMinifier def initialize(app, path) @app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path) end def call(env) path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"])) return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/) if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..") return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]] end return [ 200, { "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" }, [JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )] ] end end
- 23. Home-made middleware class JSMinifier def initialize(app, path) @app, @root = app, File.expand_path(path) end def call(env) path = File.join(@root, Utils.unescape(env["PATH_INFO"])) return @app.call(env) unless path.match(/.*/(w+.js)$/) if !File.readable?(path) or env["PATH_INFO"].include?("..") return [403, {"Content-Type" => "text/plain"}, ["Forbiddenn"]] end return [ 200, { "Content-Type" => "text/javascript" }, [JSMin.minify( File.new( path, "r" ) )] ] end end
- 24. What we alreadyhave
- 25.
- 26.
- 27.
- 28.
- 29.
- 30.
- 31.
- 32. env['warden'].authenticated? env['warden'].authenticate!(:password) env['warden'].user Warden::Strategies.add(:password) do def valid? params[:username] || params[:password] end def authenticate! u = User.authenticate(params[:username], params[:password]) u.nil? ? fail!("Could not log in") : success! (u) end end Warden
- 33. ... and lotsof others Rack::Static Rack::CSSHTTPRequest Rack::noIE Rack::GoogleAnalytics Rack::Profiler Rack::Maintenance Rack::Lock Rack::Spellcheck Rack::Log Rack::Pack Rack::Validate https://github.com/rack/rack/wiki/List-of-Middleware http://coderack.org/middlewares
- 34. Plug it intoRails stack $ rake middleware use ActionDispatch::Static use Rack::Lock use ActiveSupport::Cache::Strategy::LocalCache use Rack::Runtime use Rails::Rack::Logger use ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions use ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp use Rack::Sendfile use ActionDispatch::Callbacks use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement use ActiveRecord::QueryCache ... use Rack::MethodOverride use ActionDispatch::Head use ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport run MyApp::Application.routes
- 35. Configure middleware stack Rails::Initializer.rundo |config| config.middleware.use Rack::MailExceptions config.middleware.delete Rack::Lock config.middleware.insert_after Rack::Sendfile, Rack::Static config.middleware.insert_before Rack::Head, Ben::Asplode config.middleware.swap ActionDispatch::Callbacks, ActiveRecord::QueryCache end config.middleware.is_a? Array # => true
- 36. ...or replace it #config/initializers/stack.rb ActionController::Dispatcher.middleware = ActionController::MiddlewareStack.new do |m| m.use ActionController::Failsafe m.use ActiveRecord::QueryCache m.use Rack::Head end # console $ rake middleware use ActionController::Failsafe use ActiveRecord::QueryCache use Rack::Head run ActionController::Dispatcher.new
- 37. The future Rails 4will have an API only middleware stack configuration RocketPants is an interesting alternative right now (github.com/filtersquad/rocket_pants)
- 38.