The document provides an introduction and preface to an Arabic word list compiling the most common words of the Quran. It notes that the list covers over 80% of Quranic words. The words are arranged alphabetically and include the part of speech, number of occurrences in the Quran, and meanings. Verbs are provided with conjugations. The purpose is to aid understanding and memorization of the Quran. Instructions are given for using the list and it is hoped it will help fulfill objectives of pondering the Quran's verses.
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for using a booklet that lists and defines the most common words in the Quran, accounting for over 80% of words. The booklet is intended to help readers learn and understand the Quran. It lists over 6,000 of the most frequently occurring words on the first six pages, constituting over 40% of total words. The remaining words are grouped by topic, with nouns listed starting on page 7 and verbs starting on page 15. Guidelines are provided for using the booklet and understanding the word forms and arrangements.
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for using a booklet that lists the most common words in the Quran, accounting for over 80% of words. The booklet is intended to help readers learn and memorize the Quran. It explains that the words are arranged alphabetically and include the most common meanings of each word. Verbs are grouped by type and include conjugations. Dual/feminine forms and some less common meanings are not emphasized for beginning students. The goal is to facilitate understanding and pondering the Quran's verses.
This document provides information about tajweed (proper recitation of the Quran). It begins with a disclaimer stating that the content is free to distribute but not to sell. It then defines tajweed as the set of rules for correct pronunciation during Quran recitation. The document goes on to discuss the importance of tajweed to avoid changing the meaning of words and provides examples. It also explains the two types of mistakes in recitation - obvious errors and hidden errors - and the ruling for each. The majority of the document is spent detailing the science behind tajweed, including the articulation points in the mouth used to produce each letter and the rules for proper pronunciation.
The Prophet Muhammad's lineage is traced back through his father Abdullah and paternal grandfather Abdul-Muttalib to Hashim ibn Abd Munaf. The lineage continues back through prominent early figures from the Quraysh tribe such as Qusay ibn Kilab, from whom the Quraysh tribe takes its name, and ends with Ilyas ibn Mudar, establishing the Prophet's noble descent.
This document discusses different methods of biblical interpretation and translation. It covers literal versus dynamic translations, as well as the importance of understanding historical context. The interpretation process involves close observation of the text, including facts like events and characters, followed by determining the historical-cultural background to understand the original meaning.
An introductory Mongolian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
This document provides a step-by-step guide to basic Tajweed (Quran recitation) rules. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of Tajweed and properly pronouncing the Quran. It then explains the Arabic alphabet in detail, identifying the point of articulation for each letter and providing English examples for pronunciation. The document is intended to teach proper recitation in a simple manner using accompanying audio recordings.
Reading Quran following Tajweed is always seen as a challenging task. Through this publication, we wanted to create a very basic Tajweed introduction covering different Makharij and some of the Arabic letters. Learning Quran with Tajweed should become easy from the first read.
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for using a booklet that lists and defines the most common words in the Quran, accounting for over 80% of words. The booklet is intended to help readers learn and understand the Quran. It lists over 6,000 of the most frequently occurring words on the first six pages, constituting over 40% of total words. The remaining words are grouped by topic, with nouns listed starting on page 7 and verbs starting on page 15. Guidelines are provided for using the booklet and understanding the word forms and arrangements.
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for using a booklet that lists the most common words in the Quran, accounting for over 80% of words. The booklet is intended to help readers learn and memorize the Quran. It explains that the words are arranged alphabetically and include the most common meanings of each word. Verbs are grouped by type and include conjugations. Dual/feminine forms and some less common meanings are not emphasized for beginning students. The goal is to facilitate understanding and pondering the Quran's verses.
This document provides information about tajweed (proper recitation of the Quran). It begins with a disclaimer stating that the content is free to distribute but not to sell. It then defines tajweed as the set of rules for correct pronunciation during Quran recitation. The document goes on to discuss the importance of tajweed to avoid changing the meaning of words and provides examples. It also explains the two types of mistakes in recitation - obvious errors and hidden errors - and the ruling for each. The majority of the document is spent detailing the science behind tajweed, including the articulation points in the mouth used to produce each letter and the rules for proper pronunciation.
The Prophet Muhammad's lineage is traced back through his father Abdullah and paternal grandfather Abdul-Muttalib to Hashim ibn Abd Munaf. The lineage continues back through prominent early figures from the Quraysh tribe such as Qusay ibn Kilab, from whom the Quraysh tribe takes its name, and ends with Ilyas ibn Mudar, establishing the Prophet's noble descent.
This document discusses different methods of biblical interpretation and translation. It covers literal versus dynamic translations, as well as the importance of understanding historical context. The interpretation process involves close observation of the text, including facts like events and characters, followed by determining the historical-cultural background to understand the original meaning.
An introductory Mongolian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
This document provides a step-by-step guide to basic Tajweed (Quran recitation) rules. It begins with an introduction explaining the importance of Tajweed and properly pronouncing the Quran. It then explains the Arabic alphabet in detail, identifying the point of articulation for each letter and providing English examples for pronunciation. The document is intended to teach proper recitation in a simple manner using accompanying audio recordings.
Reading Quran following Tajweed is always seen as a challenging task. Through this publication, we wanted to create a very basic Tajweed introduction covering different Makharij and some of the Arabic letters. Learning Quran with Tajweed should become easy from the first read.
An introductory Albanian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
An introductory Ukrainian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
The document provides an overview of Tajweed, which is the rules of recitation of the Qur'an. It discusses Arabic alphabets and pronunciation, symbols used in recitation, and the different chapters of the Qur'an. It also summarizes key aspects of Arabic grammar including the different parts of a meaningful word (noun, verb, preposition), types of nouns (gender, number), and pronouns. Additionally, it covers topics like vowels, sun and moon letters, and prepositions. The document thus serves as a comprehensive introduction to the principles and structure of both Qur'anic recitation and Arabic grammar.
This document is the introduction section of a Tonga-English dictionary and phrasebook compiled by Aaron Cass Harris from 2011-2013 with help from Peace Corps Tonga language trainers. It provides an overview of the guide's purpose and contents which include Tonga-English and English-Tonga dictionaries, grammar notes, phrasebooks, technical vocabulary lists, and acknowledgements. Users are advised that the Tonga language is evolving and some words may have changed or have different meanings regionally.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of speech production. It explains that speech requires coordination between the brain, lungs, larynx, vocal tract, and tongue. It describes different places and manners of articulation for consonant sounds, including bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. It also discusses voicing, vowels, nasals, stops, fricatives, affricates, laterals, liquids, and glides.
An introductory Russian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
This document provides guidance on looking up words with multiple meanings in the dictionary. It explains that English words can have different spellings and meanings. It then uses the word "book" as an example, showing its entry with the spelling, part of speech, French translation, and several different meanings as both a noun and verbs. It encourages practicing looking up other words and provides a list of English words to look up and find their French translations.
Podpora za izboljšanje bralne zmožnosti učenke, opismenjene v tujem jezikuEmina Begić
This document discusses strategies for improving the reading ability of a student who is literate in a foreign language. It focuses on quick reading exercises, sentence structure, English sounds, and finding mistakes in sentences. The exercises include identifying words with certain letter combinations, matching words, reading sentences aloud and writing them from memory, and determining whether numbers or letters are the same within words or sentences. The goal is to help the student practice various reading skills in a foreign language.
This document provides instructions for using a dictionary. It explains that dictionaries are organized alphabetically and divided into three sections - front, middle, back - corresponding to letter ranges. It describes how to locate words using guide words at the top of dictionary pages and defines key parts of a dictionary entry, including pronunciation, part of speech, definitions, example sentences, and inflected forms. The document also includes exercises for students to practice using a dictionary.
A discourse analysis of intonation in paloponess revised iwanIwanjirhan1
1. The document analyzes the intonation used in a conversation transcript between two speakers, K and I, discussing the current COVID-19 situation.
2. Most of the intonations used have a pragmatic meaning showing attitudes like being impressed, regretful, or surprised. Intonation is also used for grammatical functions and discourse functions like indicating new information or giving turns.
3. The analysis concludes that based on the social and psychological context, most intonations in the conversation have a pragmatic meaning attitudinal function as the speakers use different intonations to express feelings, stress advice, and worry about the current situation.
This document provides an Arabic language lesson on the letters Kāf and Lām. It includes information on how to pronounce each letter (makhraj), along with its different forms depending on position in a word. Vocabulary words containing the letters are presented, as are exercises for writing the letters and words. Basic grammar on single letter prepositions is also covered. The lesson concludes with references used in its preparation.
This document defines discourse and discusses various classifications and analyses of discourse, including:
- Discourse is language that extends beyond the sentence level and derives meaning from broader contexts.
- Context can be linguistic, situational, or cultural and impacts the interpretation of discourse.
- Speech acts theory proposes that language is used not just to inform but to perform actions, such as requests, promises, threats.
- John Austin and John Searle developed classifications of speech acts including directives, commissives, representatives, declaratives, and expressives.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively use dictionaries. It discusses the meaning and purpose of dictionaries, how to understand a dictionary's organization and features, and tips for improving vocabulary. Key information includes distinguishing between similar words, looking up word origins and etymologies, and using online dictionaries as references. The document emphasizes using dictionaries to gain a richer understanding of words beyond just their definitions.
This document provides a summary of Arabic language lesson 7. It introduces the letters 'Ayn (ع) and Ghayn (غ), discussing their place of articulation, diacritic marks, example words, and how the letters are written in different positions within words. It also covers masculine and feminine nouns. The lesson concludes with homework assignments to practice writing the letters, vocabulary words, and bringing a Quranic surah name including the new letters. References for further study are also provided.
This document provides a revision and additional lessons to help the reader improve their reading and writing skills in Arabic. It begins with revising the basic Arabic letters, vowels marks, and letter connections from the "Step by Step" book. New sections are then introduced on rules for reading and connecting multiple words. The document aims to equip the reader with the necessary skills to read and write any Arabic text through practice exercises. It explains that some words may appear with different endings based on their grammatical role in sentences, but maintain the same core meaning. The overall goal is to advance the reader from recognizing individual letters to reading and writing full words and applying their usage in sentences.
The document discusses presupposition and entailment in linguistics. It defines presupposition as assumptions a speaker holds prior to making an utterance. There are different types of presupposition including existential, factive, lexical, structural, counterfactual, and negative presuppositions. Entailment is defined as logical implications of what is asserted in an utterance, where sentences rather than speakers have entailments. Examples are provided to illustrate presuppositions conveyed by sentences and the difference between presupposition and entailment.
The document discusses paraphrasing, which is restating the main idea of something in your own words while keeping the same meaning. A good paraphrase sticks to the topic, uses different words than the original, is clear and focused on the main idea rather than details. Paraphrasing helps with note-taking, comprehension, studying, and avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for writing a good paraphrase such as identifying the main idea and using your own words without looking at the original text.
This document discusses the different types of presuppositions in language. There are six main types: existential presuppositions which assume the existence of entities referred to; factive presuppositions which assume something is true due to verbs like "know"; non-factive presuppositions which assume something is not true due to verbs like "dream"; lexical presuppositions which assume another meaning will be understood from a word; structural presuppositions from structures like wh-questions; and counterfactual presuppositions which assume what is stated is untrue or contrary to facts. Examples are provided for each type of presupposition.
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origins, importance, and key concepts. It discusses how discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level and how it examines both interpersonal and textual linguistic functions. Key aspects covered include the difference between text and discourse, coherence and cohesion, conversational interactions, and the cooperative principle underlying most conversations.
This document provides an overview of presupposition. It begins with a definition, stating that presuppositions are implications that are assumed to already be known by the listener. It then discusses six types of presuppositions: existential, factive, lexical, structural, non-factive, and counterfactual. Examples are provided for each type. Common presupposition triggers are also outlined, including definite descriptions, factive predicates, counterfactual conditionals, change of state verbs, temporal clauses, cleft sentences, questions, and others. Entailment is briefly defined as well.
This document provides an introduction and explanation for a booklet that lists and defines the most common words found in the Quran. It explains that the booklet covers over 80% of the total words in the Quran and provides the most common meanings for each word. It also outlines the organization and methodology used in compiling the word lists and verb conjugations in the booklet to help readers understand and memorize the Quranic vocabulary.
1. The document provides a list of the most common words in the Holy Quran, accounting for 82.6% of the total words.
2. The words listed in the first six pages occur very frequently, constituting 41.5% of the total words.
3. Abbreviations and notes are provided to help the reader understand meanings, gender, number, verb forms and other details for comprehending the Quranic words.
An introductory Albanian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
An introductory Ukrainian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
The document provides an overview of Tajweed, which is the rules of recitation of the Qur'an. It discusses Arabic alphabets and pronunciation, symbols used in recitation, and the different chapters of the Qur'an. It also summarizes key aspects of Arabic grammar including the different parts of a meaningful word (noun, verb, preposition), types of nouns (gender, number), and pronouns. Additionally, it covers topics like vowels, sun and moon letters, and prepositions. The document thus serves as a comprehensive introduction to the principles and structure of both Qur'anic recitation and Arabic grammar.
This document is the introduction section of a Tonga-English dictionary and phrasebook compiled by Aaron Cass Harris from 2011-2013 with help from Peace Corps Tonga language trainers. It provides an overview of the guide's purpose and contents which include Tonga-English and English-Tonga dictionaries, grammar notes, phrasebooks, technical vocabulary lists, and acknowledgements. Users are advised that the Tonga language is evolving and some words may have changed or have different meanings regionally.
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of speech production. It explains that speech requires coordination between the brain, lungs, larynx, vocal tract, and tongue. It describes different places and manners of articulation for consonant sounds, including bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. It also discusses voicing, vowels, nasals, stops, fricatives, affricates, laterals, liquids, and glides.
An introductory Russian language course prepared by the U.S. Peace Corps for its volunteers.
View and download the full course (with audio) at:
http://www.101languages.net/peace-corps-courses/
This document provides guidance on looking up words with multiple meanings in the dictionary. It explains that English words can have different spellings and meanings. It then uses the word "book" as an example, showing its entry with the spelling, part of speech, French translation, and several different meanings as both a noun and verbs. It encourages practicing looking up other words and provides a list of English words to look up and find their French translations.
Podpora za izboljšanje bralne zmožnosti učenke, opismenjene v tujem jezikuEmina Begić
This document discusses strategies for improving the reading ability of a student who is literate in a foreign language. It focuses on quick reading exercises, sentence structure, English sounds, and finding mistakes in sentences. The exercises include identifying words with certain letter combinations, matching words, reading sentences aloud and writing them from memory, and determining whether numbers or letters are the same within words or sentences. The goal is to help the student practice various reading skills in a foreign language.
This document provides instructions for using a dictionary. It explains that dictionaries are organized alphabetically and divided into three sections - front, middle, back - corresponding to letter ranges. It describes how to locate words using guide words at the top of dictionary pages and defines key parts of a dictionary entry, including pronunciation, part of speech, definitions, example sentences, and inflected forms. The document also includes exercises for students to practice using a dictionary.
A discourse analysis of intonation in paloponess revised iwanIwanjirhan1
1. The document analyzes the intonation used in a conversation transcript between two speakers, K and I, discussing the current COVID-19 situation.
2. Most of the intonations used have a pragmatic meaning showing attitudes like being impressed, regretful, or surprised. Intonation is also used for grammatical functions and discourse functions like indicating new information or giving turns.
3. The analysis concludes that based on the social and psychological context, most intonations in the conversation have a pragmatic meaning attitudinal function as the speakers use different intonations to express feelings, stress advice, and worry about the current situation.
This document provides an Arabic language lesson on the letters Kāf and Lām. It includes information on how to pronounce each letter (makhraj), along with its different forms depending on position in a word. Vocabulary words containing the letters are presented, as are exercises for writing the letters and words. Basic grammar on single letter prepositions is also covered. The lesson concludes with references used in its preparation.
This document defines discourse and discusses various classifications and analyses of discourse, including:
- Discourse is language that extends beyond the sentence level and derives meaning from broader contexts.
- Context can be linguistic, situational, or cultural and impacts the interpretation of discourse.
- Speech acts theory proposes that language is used not just to inform but to perform actions, such as requests, promises, threats.
- John Austin and John Searle developed classifications of speech acts including directives, commissives, representatives, declaratives, and expressives.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively use dictionaries. It discusses the meaning and purpose of dictionaries, how to understand a dictionary's organization and features, and tips for improving vocabulary. Key information includes distinguishing between similar words, looking up word origins and etymologies, and using online dictionaries as references. The document emphasizes using dictionaries to gain a richer understanding of words beyond just their definitions.
This document provides a summary of Arabic language lesson 7. It introduces the letters 'Ayn (ع) and Ghayn (غ), discussing their place of articulation, diacritic marks, example words, and how the letters are written in different positions within words. It also covers masculine and feminine nouns. The lesson concludes with homework assignments to practice writing the letters, vocabulary words, and bringing a Quranic surah name including the new letters. References for further study are also provided.
This document provides a revision and additional lessons to help the reader improve their reading and writing skills in Arabic. It begins with revising the basic Arabic letters, vowels marks, and letter connections from the "Step by Step" book. New sections are then introduced on rules for reading and connecting multiple words. The document aims to equip the reader with the necessary skills to read and write any Arabic text through practice exercises. It explains that some words may appear with different endings based on their grammatical role in sentences, but maintain the same core meaning. The overall goal is to advance the reader from recognizing individual letters to reading and writing full words and applying their usage in sentences.
The document discusses presupposition and entailment in linguistics. It defines presupposition as assumptions a speaker holds prior to making an utterance. There are different types of presupposition including existential, factive, lexical, structural, counterfactual, and negative presuppositions. Entailment is defined as logical implications of what is asserted in an utterance, where sentences rather than speakers have entailments. Examples are provided to illustrate presuppositions conveyed by sentences and the difference between presupposition and entailment.
The document discusses paraphrasing, which is restating the main idea of something in your own words while keeping the same meaning. A good paraphrase sticks to the topic, uses different words than the original, is clear and focused on the main idea rather than details. Paraphrasing helps with note-taking, comprehension, studying, and avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for writing a good paraphrase such as identifying the main idea and using your own words without looking at the original text.
This document discusses the different types of presuppositions in language. There are six main types: existential presuppositions which assume the existence of entities referred to; factive presuppositions which assume something is true due to verbs like "know"; non-factive presuppositions which assume something is not true due to verbs like "dream"; lexical presuppositions which assume another meaning will be understood from a word; structural presuppositions from structures like wh-questions; and counterfactual presuppositions which assume what is stated is untrue or contrary to facts. Examples are provided for each type of presupposition.
This document provides an overview of discourse analysis, including its origins, importance, and key concepts. It discusses how discourse analysis focuses on language use beyond the sentence level and how it examines both interpersonal and textual linguistic functions. Key aspects covered include the difference between text and discourse, coherence and cohesion, conversational interactions, and the cooperative principle underlying most conversations.
This document provides an overview of presupposition. It begins with a definition, stating that presuppositions are implications that are assumed to already be known by the listener. It then discusses six types of presuppositions: existential, factive, lexical, structural, non-factive, and counterfactual. Examples are provided for each type. Common presupposition triggers are also outlined, including definite descriptions, factive predicates, counterfactual conditionals, change of state verbs, temporal clauses, cleft sentences, questions, and others. Entailment is briefly defined as well.
This document provides an introduction and explanation for a booklet that lists and defines the most common words found in the Quran. It explains that the booklet covers over 80% of the total words in the Quran and provides the most common meanings for each word. It also outlines the organization and methodology used in compiling the word lists and verb conjugations in the booklet to help readers understand and memorize the Quranic vocabulary.
1. The document provides a list of the most common words in the Holy Quran, accounting for 82.6% of the total words.
2. The words listed in the first six pages occur very frequently, constituting 41.5% of the total words.
3. Abbreviations and notes are provided to help the reader understand meanings, gender, number, verb forms and other details for comprehending the Quranic words.
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for using a booklet that lists and defines the most common words found in the Quran, accounting for 82.6% of words. It explains that the words are grouped topically and listed with their most common meanings and grammatical information. Key points include only listing the most frequent meanings, showing the number of times each noun or verb occurs, and providing sample verb conjugations. The goal is to help students learn and understand the Quran by learning its core vocabulary.
This document provides a summary of an 80% word list of the Quran compiled by Dr. Abdulazeez Abdulraheem. It notes that if a person masters these word lists, they would only need to know 2 out of every 9 words on average in the Quran. The first 6 pages contain words that occur very frequently and make up 41.5% of the total words in the Quran. Each word is provided with its number of occurrences and common meanings to help with memorization and understanding of the Quran. Additional information and guidelines are also included to aid in using this word list to learn the Quran.
This document is the preface to an Arabic language textbook for elementary school children. It aims to teach basic Arabic vocabulary, grammar, and passages from the Quran in a simple and interactive way. Each lesson includes spoken Arabic phrases, grammar lessons, and memorization of Quranic verses. The goal is for students to become familiar with Arabic through regularly reciting passages from their daily prayers. The textbook series will cover common prayers, parts of salah, and daily supplications over three grade levels. It takes a unique approach to teaching grammar through physical interaction. The preface encourages students to practice lessons at home through translation, memorization, and recitation.
This document is the preface to an Arabic language textbook for elementary school children. It aims to teach basic Arabic vocabulary, grammar, and passages from the Quran in a simple and interactive way. Each lesson includes spoken Arabic phrases, grammar lessons, and memorization of Quranic verses. The goal is for students to become familiar with Arabic through regularly reciting passages from their daily prayers. The textbook series will cover common prayers, parts of salah, and daily supplications over three grade levels. It takes a unique approach to teaching grammar through physical interaction. The preface encourages students to practice lessons at home through reading, memorization, and recitation.
This document is the preface to an elementary school textbook on understanding the Quran. It discusses the importance of learning the Quran and Arabic language for Muslim children. The textbook aims to teach basic Arabic phrases, grammar and daily Quran recitations to elementary students in a fun, interactive way over three years. It emphasizes spending time each day studying the Quran and practicing Arabic recitations to help learning. The preface requests feedback from teachers to improve the textbook and aims to release a teacher's manual to aid instruction. It thanks various contributors and asks Allah to protect the work from errors.
This document is the preface to an elementary school textbook on understanding the Quran. It discusses the importance of learning the Quran and Arabic language for Muslim children. The textbook aims to teach basic Arabic phrases, grammar and daily Quran recitations in an interactive way over three years. Each session includes spoken Arabic, grammar lessons and recitations. The goal is to make Arabic learning enjoyable and relevant to daily prayers. Students are encouraged to practice recitations daily from the text and memory. The preface acknowledges contributions from others and seeks feedback to improve the textbook.
The document discusses sentence patterns and syntax in language. It explains that syntax rules determine how words are organized into phrases and sentences. There are two principles of sentence organization - linear order, where words must be in a specific sequence, and hierarchical structure, where words are grouped into constituents that make up the overall meaning. Syntactic rules show how words are arranged in order and grouped into constituents. These rules can reveal ambiguities in sentences and account for a speaker's ability to understand and produce novel sentences.
This document discusses how corpus data and techniques can be used in the Ecuadorian English classroom. It begins by introducing what corpora are and how to read concordance lines. It then explains several ways that corpora can enhance English language teaching, such as showing the most common meanings and uses of words, highlighting differences between textbook grammar and real usage, and identifying typical word groupings. The document advocates bringing corpus techniques into the classroom through hands-on activities and provides resources for teachers.
Grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, usually consider to consist of syntax and morphology. Or
Grammar is the set of rules which help us to understand language.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language.
This document provides instructions for a dictionary tutorial that will have the reader use three dictionaries - Webster's New World Dictionary, The Random House College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary - to answer 30 questions about dictionary layout, spelling, pronunciation, word origins, parts of speech, and definitions. The questions cover topics such as alphabetical order, vowel sounds, syllabic emphasis, and the meaning of underlined words.
The document discusses understanding parts of speech and using dictionaries effectively. It provides examples of how the same base word can have different parts of speech and meanings depending on context. It also outlines the key parts of a dictionary entry and how to choose the appropriate meaning of a word by considering context and part of speech. Effective dictionary use involves understanding abbreviations, entries, and being able to interpret idioms.
This document provides an overview of parts of speech and grammatical concepts in Arabic. It discusses:
- The three main parts of speech in Arabic: noun (ism), verb (fi'l), and particle (harf).
- Arabic nouns have different endings (vowel signs on the last letter) to indicate their grammatical function in a sentence as the subject (nominative case), object (accusative case), or possessor (genitive case).
- Vowel signs in Arabic and their representation of short vowels - fatah for a, kasrah for i, dammah for u, and sukun to indicate absence of a vowel.
- Def
This document provides an introduction and guidelines for learning Arabic verbs using the included textbook. It explains that Arabic conjugation is relatively simple, with only two tenses, but that weak letters can make verbs more complex. It recommends starting with strong verbs and gradually incorporating weaker forms. The common conjugation system is presented on a single page with prefixes and suffixes to memorize. Exercises are included to practice conjugating new verbs based on examples. Mastering the present tense and its variations is emphasized as key to understanding how verbs are used.
A dictionary is a reference book that contains an alphabetical list of words with their definitions and pronunciations. Dictionaries provide guidelines on how to use the book, including how words are arranged, abbreviations used, and pronunciation symbols. To look up a word, the user finds the letter section, scans the pages following alphabetical order and guide words, and reads the entry which defines the word, its pronunciation and part of speech. Online dictionaries provide a similar service digitally through search engines.
This document discusses and compares the structure of noun phrases in Standard Arabic and Standard English. It notes that Arabic noun phrases can be in either the free state or construct state, and modifiers follow the noun in Arabic but precede it in English. The document outlines principles governing nominal expressions in both languages, including noun movement and adjective ordering. It concludes that while Arabic and English noun phrases differ structurally, both languages share underlying syntactic principles.
The document provides notes from a linguistics class covering topics on morphology including:
- Distinguishing between content and function morphemes
- Morphological processes such as compounding, reduplication, and alternations
- Types of synthetic languages including agglutinating, fusional, and polysynthetic
- Principles for determining the hierarchical structure of derived words including adding bound morphemes one at a time and morphemes attaching to a single grammatical class
This document is the preface to a word-for-word translation of the Quran into English to facilitate learning Quranic Arabic. It was compiled by Dr. Shehnaz Shaikh and Ms. Kausar Khatri. The preface discusses the importance of understanding the Quran directly from its original Arabic text. It explains that the purpose of this translation is to provide the meaning of each Arabic word directly below it to help readers learn the language of the Quran. The preface also acknowledges those who assisted with the work and provides publication details.
Similar to Quranic words part01 preface - abdulazeez abdulraheem (20)
This document provides a summary and commentary of Surah Al-Inshiqaq from the classic Sunni Islam tafsir (commentary of the Quran) Tafsir Ibn Kathir. It begins by explaining the key events and judgments that will occur on the Day of Resurrection according to the verses. It then analyzes each verse, providing context and explanations from hadiths and classical scholars. The summary concludes by stating the reward for believers will be eternal in Paradise, while disbelievers will face painful torment, as Allah knows their inner state.
The document provides commentary on verses 51:1-21 from chapter 51 (surah Adh-Dhariyat) of the Quran. It begins by presenting the Arabic text of the verses and then provides explanations of key terms and phrases from the tafsir (exegetical commentary) tradition. Major points covered include:
1) Explanations of "Dhariyat", "Hamilat", and "Jariyat" as referring to winds, clouds, and ships respectively.
2) Affirmation that the verses contain a vow from Allah that resurrection will occur as promised.
3) Discussion of differing claims and confusion among idolators in denying the message
This document provides a summary and commentary of Surah Al-Qariah from the Quran. It begins by explaining that Al-Qariah is one of the names for the Day of Judgment. It then summarizes each verse, explaining their meaning and providing context from hadith. For example, it notes that verses 4-5 describe mankind and mountains being scattered and wool-like on the Day of Judgment. Verses 6-7 discuss people's deeds being weighed and their rewards in Paradise or Hell. The summary concludes by stating the document provides tafsir (commentary) of the full surah with references to hadith and explanations of Arabic terms.
The document provides a summary and analysis of Surah Al-Kawthar from Tafsir Ibn Kathir. It begins by introducing Tafsir Ibn Kathir and its importance as a classic commentary on the Quran. It then summarizes the hadith narrations about the revelation and meaning of Surah Al-Kawthar, including that it refers to an abundant good and a river in Paradise promised to the Prophet. It discusses the tafsir of each verse, mentioning that it refers to praying and sacrificing solely for God. The surah was revealed concerning those who hated the Prophet and his message. In under 3 sentences, the document analyzes the hadith context and meaning of
This document provides a summary of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Qur'an by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It considers Ibn Kathir's work to be a summary of earlier commentary by al-Tabari. The document then examines Ibn Kathir's tafsir and analysis of Surah Inshirah, discussing the meaning of its verses and phrases based on Hadith and opinions of Salaf scholars. It explores themes of Allah opening the Prophet's breast, removing his burdens, raising his fame, and the relationship between hardship and relief mentioned in the surah's verses.
This document provides a summary and analysis of Surah Al-Bayyinah from Tafsir Ibn Kathir.
1. It explains the context and meaning of key terms and phrases in the surah, such as the "People of the Scripture" referring to Jews and Christians, and the "idolators" being polytheistic Arabs.
2. It analyzes the verses discussing how disbelievers would not cease until the "clear proof" or Quran came to them, and how the People of the Scripture differed after clear proofs were provided to them.
3. It summarizes the surah's message that believers who do righteous deeds will receive eternal reward in Paradise, while dis
1. This passage provides a summary and commentary of Surah Ad-Duha from Tafsir Ibn Kathir. It discusses the context and reasons for revelation of this surah, explaining that it was revealed to reassure the Prophet Muhammad when he fell ill and was accused by non-believers of being abandoned by his Lord.
2. The commentary then analyzes each verse of the surah, explaining meanings of terms and phrases based on linguistic analyses and Hadith sources. It elaborates on themes of Allah's favors and protection of the Prophet, and how believers should emulate qualities like kindness to orphans and gratitude based on Allah's blessings.
3. In summarizing Allah's bounties
This document provides a summary and analysis of Surah Humaza from the Quran. It begins with background on Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni tafsir (commentary) by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. The summary then analyzes each verse of Surah Humaza, which warns of punishment for those who slander others or amass wealth thinking it will last forever. Verse 4 indicates such people will be thrown into Al-Hutamah, described in verses 5-9 as a fire that leaps over hearts, covers people as pillars stretched forth.
1) The document provides a summary and analysis of Surah Quraysh from the Quranic commentary Tafsir Ibn Kathir.
2) It explains that Surah Quraysh refers to protecting the tribe of Quraysh in Mecca and allowing them to safely gather and conduct their trade caravans in winter and summer.
3) The commentary notes that the Surah instructs the Quraysh to worship only the Lord of the Kaaba in Mecca since He has provided them security and sustenance through feeding them during times of hunger.
1) Surah At-Tariq swears by the heaven, the star At-Tariq (the night-comer), and humanity's protector from Allah's calamities.
2) It reminds humans that they were created from water gushing forth between the backbone and ribs, so Allah is able to resurrect them.
3) On Judgment Day, humans will have no power or helpers, and all secrets will be examined when they are made manifest.
The document provides details from Tafsir Ibn Kathir on Surah Al-Ghashiyah (Chapter 88 of the Quran). It discusses commentary from Ibn Kathir and others on various verses from the chapter. This includes explanations of terms and descriptions of the condition of people in Paradise and Hell on the Day of Judgment based on the verses. It also recounts a story of a Bedouin man questioning Muhammad and affirming the truth of his message after Muhammad's responses. Finally, it comments on Muhammad's role as only a reminder, not having control over people's faith.
This document provides a summary of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Qur'an by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It discusses Surah 'Abasa, which reprimands the Prophet for frowning at a blind man who interrupted his conversation with another man. The summary then analyzes each verse of the Surah, using hadith to explain the meaning and context. It refutes those who deny life after death, citing how Allah created mankind and will resurrect them, just as seeds grow into plants from water and soil.
This document discusses tafsir (commentary) on Surahs Al-Falaq and An-Nas from Tafsir Ibn Kathir. It provides several hadiths from prophets and companions explaining the meaning and virtues of verses in these surahs. Key points include seeking refuge with Allah from evil of creation, night, enviers and witches who perform spells. It also discusses how the prophet Muhammad was bewitched and cured by revelation from Jibril.
This document provides a summary and analysis of Surah Takathur from the Quranic commentary Tafsir Ibn Kathir.
The summary explains that the Surah warns that people are distracted and preoccupied with competing for worldly gains and status, which delays focusing on the hereafter until death comes. It notes hadith that describe how wealth and possessions provide little lasting benefit.
The analysis then explains each verse, noting how it threatens unbelievers and believers with seeing the fires of hell and facing questioning about the worldly delights they were given but did not show gratitude for. It provides context from hadith about being asked about health, free time, and the blessings of food, transport, family and
This document provides a summary of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Quran, and examines Surah An-Nasr (Chapter 110). It notes that Surah An-Nasr refers to the completion of the life of Prophet Muhammad, as indicated by hadith where the Prophet was informed of this sign. After the conquest of Mecca, many Arab tribes accepted Islam in large numbers, as foretold in the surah. The document analyzes different scholarly views on the meaning and context of verses in Surah An-Nasr.
This document provides a summary of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Qur'an by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It is considered a summary of the earlier Tafsir al-Tabari. The commentary explains each verse and chapter of the Qur'an using Hadith. The summary here focuses on Surah At Taghabun and the verses discussing Allah's creation, knowledge, the Day of Judgment, faith and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, and that nothing occurs without Allah's permission.
The document discusses Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Qur'an by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It provides commentary and context for specific verses in Surah Buruj, including explanations of religious terms like "the Promised Day" and historical context about the People of the Ditch, who persecuted early Muslims. It describes how a boy, monk, and sorcerer were tortured and killed for their faith by a king, leading to many others being thrown into fiery ditches for refusing to renounce Islam.
1. The document discusses Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic commentary on the Quran by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir, and considers it a summary of earlier commentary by al-Tabari.
2. It then summarizes parts of Surah Layl from the Quran, including verses about those who give charity and have taqwa being rewarded with ease, while the greedy who deny reward will face difficulty.
3. Hadith are cited showing Muhammad explaining that people's deeds and fate are predestined, but that deeds still matter as people will find the deeds of their destiny made easy for them.
This document provides a summary of Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islam commentary on the Quran by Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It considers specific hadith and tafsir related to Surah Al-Infitar (Chapter 82 of the Quran), which discusses what will occur on the Day of Judgment, including the heavens being split open, stars falling, seas bursting forth, graves being emptied, and people being held accountable for their deeds. The tafsir explains various verses and hadith related to mankind being resurrected and judged by Allah alone, with the righteous receiving delight in Paradise and the wicked receiving eternal punishment in Hell.
This document provides a summary of the Tafsir Ibn Kathir, a classic Sunni Islamic commentary on the Quran by scholar Imad ud Din Ibn Kathir. It then discusses specific verses from Surat Al-Zalzalah (Chapter 99, "The Earthquake"), including their meaning and virtues. Key points include:
1) Tafsir Ibn Kathir is considered a summary of the earlier Tafsir al-Tabari commentary and uses hadith to explain each Quran verse.
2) The document analyzes verses from Surat Al-Zalzalah about the Day of Judgment, including the earth shaking and throwing out its burdens, mankind proceeding in
Quranic words part01 preface - abdulazeez abdulraheem
1. In the name of Allah
80% of
Qur'anic Words
(Classified word lists
for easy memorization)
Compiled by
Dr. Abdulazeez Abdulraheem
(Also see the new course by the same: Understand Qur’an – the
Easy Way on: www.understandquran.com)
www.understandquran.com
www.emuslim.com
2. In the name of Allah, Most Beneficent, Most Merciful
PREFACE
All praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings of Allah be upon
his Prophet, Muhammad.
Allah says very explicitly in His Book, "
(This is) a Book (the Qur'an) which We have sent down to you, full of
blessings that they may ponder over its verses, and that men of
understanding may remember [38:29]." If we don't understand the
Book, how can we ponder on its verses!
Ahadith also emphasize the learning of the Qur’an. The Prophet of
Allah, Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, "The best among you are
those who have learnt the Qur'an and teach it (to others)" [Bukhari].
This booklet is prepared to provide some help in fulfilling the abovementioned objectives. Please keep the following points in mind while
studying this booklet.
1. No. of words and their meanings: The words given in this
booklet account for 82.6% (64282) of the total words (approx.
77800) of the Holy Qur'an.
2. Most common meanings: For each word, only the most common
meanings are given. Some words may have other meanings too,
depending upon their context. However, the number of such words
is very small.
9.
Vowel sign on the last letter: If the last letter of a word given in
this booklet does not have a vowel sign (
), it indicates that
any vowel sign can come on it depending upon the context in
which that word is used. if
occurs before the word, then
Tanween (
) is not used.
10. Arrangement of words: In almost every case, the words are
arranged alphabetically to make the search easy.
11. Brief conjugation of verbs: For each verb, the past tense, the
imperfect tense, the imperative, the active participle and the
verbal noun are provided. It is assumed that based on this
information, you can reproduce the whole verb table. However,
for an average student, guidance from the teacher is necessary.
Sample tables are provided at the end of this booklet.
12. Active and passive: For almost every verb type, samples of the
forms (active voice) are provided in the first line those of
the
forms (passive voice) in the last.
13. Detailed conjugation of verbs: A star (*) is placed next to
selected verbs. All the verbal forms of such verbs are provided in
detail in a separate booklet, "A Few Selected Verbs Used in the
Holy Qur'an."
14. Silat-ul-fa’l: Just like in any language, some verbs and nouns of
action are always followed by a preposition. For example,
believe in:
. However, in some cases, a change in
3. More than one meanings:
When more than one distinctly
different meanings of a word are given in this booklet, a semicolon
is placed between the two meanings. For similar meanings, a
comma is placed between the meanings. For example: (eye;
spring
) and (above, up
).
4. Most commonly occuring words: The words listed in the first six
pages occur very frequently. Some of them occur in combination
with each other. They constitute a whopping 41.5% (32263) of the
total words.
5. Word count on each page: At the bottom left of the page, total is
provided for the number of times the words of that page have
occurred in the Qur'an. The bottom right shows the percent of the
total Qur'anic words that have been covered till that page.
6. Nouns and verbs: The number next to the noun (pages 7-14) or
the verb (pages 15-33) shows the number of times that noun or the
verb (in its various forms) has occurred in the Holy Qur'an.
7. Arrangement of word lists: Words given on pages 1 through 14
are arranged according to the topic. There are a few words given
in this booklet which have occurred very frequently in the Qur’an
but could not be placed under any of the topics. Such words are
placed at the end of any of the word lists where space was
available.
8. Arrangement of verbs: Verbs given on pages 15 through 33 are
arranged according to their types. This is done to facilitate the
learning of different types of verbs.
preposition may change the meanings too. for example, get; get in;
get at; get by, get off, get on, etc. A list of some important verbs
along with changing prepositions is provided on page no. 34.
15.Dual and Feminine forms: The word forms related to dual
number and feminine gender are used sparingly in the Holy Qur'an.
Therefore, these forms may be given less emphasis in the
beginning stages.
16.References: Many books have been referred to in preparation of
this booklet. Most important one among these is the book (
) prepared originally at the
Arabic Language institute of King Saud University by Dr.
Muhammad Hussain Abulfatooh and published by Maktaba
Lebanon, Lebanon (1990). Among the references used for the
English meanings of the words, “Vocabulary of the Holy Qur’an,” by
Dr. Abdullah Abbas Nadwi is extensively used.
Many people have contributed in the compilation and review of this booklet. May Allah
reward them all. May He also protect us from errors and forgive us if they have occurred
in this booklet. If you find any error, please notify us so that it can be rectified in future
editions. May Allah reward you for the help.
Abbreviations
mg
sg
sb
VEL
masc. gender fg fem. gender
singular
dl dual
somebody
st something
triliteral Verbs with Extra Letters
br.pl broken plural
pl
plural
ss
somebody or something
3. 1
2
Whose?
Who?
this
mg
(There is) no god
his
mg
that
mg
except Allah
their
mg
this
fg
never, certainly not
your
mg
that
fg
not
Yours truly,
mg
mg/fg
not
(
not
mg
fg
(fg
not
she who
us
for br.pl
)
for br.pl
)
(
(
those who
(
those
for br.pl
fg
their
fg
not, other than
mg
her
yes, indeed
)
these
)
)
mg/fg
Yours truly,
fg
besides, less than
their
except, unless, if not
their
dl
yes
your
dl
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
(
he who
(me
my
for br.pl
)
mg/fg
those who
)
(
those
for past
)
these
for future
... He
... Them
... you
... you all
... I
... We
... She
... They
... you
... they
... those two
... you two
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
3
Where?
mg
mg
mg
mg
mg/fg
mg/fg
fg
fg
fg
(
No, No!!!
for br.pl
)
This, that...!
dl
dl
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
4
Questions!?
Miscellaneous
When?, …
above, up
what?, that which
endowed
with; owner
under
who?, the one who
endowed with; owner
in front of
when?, the time when
people of; owners of
time, period, at the time of
back, after
where?
people of; relatives
when
in front of
how?
family, relatives, people
when
behind
how many?
lo!; do not…, will not…
then
which?
what an excellent
then, thus, therefore
wherefrom?, why?
what an evil
nay, -- rather, but, however
between
Is? Am? Are? Do? Have?
evil is that which
near, with
around
what?
sth similar
nothing but
wherever
why?
similitude
wherever
if not, why not
than the one who;
from those who
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
(
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
( pl )
( + )
for past
for future
nothing but
that..not; so as not to
)
( pl
)
)
after
(
left
( pl
fg
)
right; oath
before
mg
…
…
(+ )
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
4. 5
6
Prepositions + َ …
Prepositions
Prefix for verb, …
Inna …
with what; because
with, in, from,…
about what
about
in what
in
as, just as
as, like
for what / that which
for
( +)
will (for near future) ( +)
will (for future)
( +)
+ +
will surely
( +)
indeed
out of what
from
indeed, surely
as to, as for
towards
if; either / or
by (of oath)
the
alone
that
until
or?
possibly
verily; is but
on
or
when
as if
with
some of
if
whenever
and; by (of oath)
everyone; all
O!
عر
َ ِ
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
has (with
surely (with
);
verily, truly
)
that
as if
perhaps, may be
that
( )
let sb do (imperative)
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
( )
but, however
if
Words (from first 6 pages): 32263
Percent (first 6 pages) : 41.5
7
8
Some attributes (of Allah and others’)
knowing,
ever aware
45
Lord; Sustainer
970
last
Compassionate
57
[
peace
42
one who listens
(fg
first
)
)
Some attributes …
Noun of Superiority
82
most severe
31
severe; strong
52
40
higher, superior
11
high, exalted
11
65
better-knowing,
more informed
49
knower
162
trustworthy
14
nearer
19
near
26
47
one who sees clearly
53
bigger
23
big
grateful
24
far
25
more; most
80
plenty; much
mighty
99
most forgiving
11
better
36
quick; swift; fast
10
most forgiving
91
protector
26
10
merciful
182
All-powerful
45
wise
97
12
supreme
107
warner
44
forbearing
15
more unjust
16
little
strong helper
24
praiseworthy
17
better guided
7
noble; honorable;
generous
27
24
warm (friend);
boiling water
20
nearer, closer; woe
11
subtle
7
one who takes care of
a thing for another
Total words (of this page):
1977
other
(fg
(fg
)
]
Percent so far:
44
more entitled; more
worthy
nearer; more likely;
lower; less
Total words (of this page):
1078
(fg
(fg
(fg
)
)
)
Percent so far:
44
74
71
45.4
5. 9
10
Prophets and …
(pl
Last day, …
(pl
)
382
companion,
fellow
(pl
)
71
Qur'an; reading,
recitation
137
cattle
56
mountain
86
sea; large river
30
Messenger
)
Allah’s Signs…
332
sign
75
evidence
(
)
94
forever; ever
end
32
reward
70
torment
322
term
52
32
chastisement (as a
result of sin)
20
the Hereafter
115
39
Resurrection
70
painful
72
38
meeting
24
reward
13
sun
33
fixed
21
hellfire
26
195
moon
33
fire
145
reward
42
88
night
80
river
54
garden
Pharaoh
74
day
57
woe unto …
40
the Hell
77
People of Hud (pbuh)
24
earth
461
day
393
reckoning
39
People of Salih (pbuh)
26
sky
310
that day
70
hour (day of
resurrection)
47
48.9
Total words (of this page):
Prophet
Prophets
(
)
)
Satan (pl
(pl
)
(pl
2729
Total words (of this page):
)
Percent so far:
(pl
)
(pl
)
matter; affair
(pl
13
one
piety; fear; protection
17
247
partner,
associate
26
wisdom
(fg
god; deity
truth, true; right
)
(pl
)
Percent so far:
105
147
51.6
12
Faith, …
)
(pl
2048
11
Deen, …
28
)
(pl
(pl
Deeds, …
85
)
)
34
actions, deeds,
works
good
(pl
(deed)
41
)
)
favors
31
pl
(pl
Blessings, …
authority; warrant
37
68
grace
84
pl
34
40
evil, bad
witness
26
good, better
186
water
63
20
throne
26
evil, bad, worse
29
dominion, reign
48
praise
43
unseen, hidden
29
sin
35
favor
37
religion; law;
judgement
92
unseen
49
sin
37
all
26
poor-due, charity
32
book
261
sin
25
permission
39
56
word
42
unlawful
26
punishment; power;
adversity
25
prayer
83
angel
88
name
27
all, everybody
53
clear, selfexpressive
119
covenant, treaty
23
same; equal; level;
fair
27
light
43
one
30
party, group
33
[
falsehood
witness,
present
(pl
)
Total words (of this page):
1557
( pl
(pl
(fg
)
)
(pl
)
(pl
)
)
25
)
Percent so far:
discourse;
speech
(
61
good
(pl
53.6
Total words (of this page):
)
1064
Percent so far:
54.9