Question 5Discuss Big Pharma’s role in the diagnosis and tre.docx
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Question 5 Discuss Big Pharma’s role in the diagnosis and treatment of psychopathology . Decide an appropriate role for Big Pharma going forward, if indeed Big Pharma should have a voice in this matter. Consider the opposing viewpoints and address the following questions: A. What does each position believe? Why--what is the evidence being used for their arguments? Evaluate the quality of the evidence from a scholarly perspective. B. Can you identify one or more logical points or pieces of information in each perspective even though you may not agree with that perspective completely? C. What additional information would be helpful to know to evaluate each perspective more effectively? D. What is a potential 3rd or 4th perspective that should be considered in this controversy? There are likely many other perspectives besides these two. The 1st two perspectives we are considering: 1. Big Pharma has our best interests in mind. These companies fund valuable research projects that help us understand psychiatric conditions and appropriate treatment methods. Additionally, this research sometimes uncovers new psychiatric conditions worthy of new treatment methods. We can trust Big Pharma to do what is in the average person's best interest with respect to diagnosing and treating psychiatric conditions. 2. Because Big Pharma’s profits are directly tied to the treatment of illnesses, they do not stand to benefit from successfully and completely treating psychiatric conditions. In other words, Big Pharma does not profit when people are healthy. Therefore, Big Pharma does not have the average person's best interests in mind, and we cannot trust Big Pharma . Question 4 Are there psychological syndromes and symptoms that appear only in certain cultures? In situations where a syndrome shares symptoms with an established DSM diagnosis, is it appropriate to use the DSM diagnosis, an ICD diagnosis or the diagnostic term of the client’s culture-of-origin? The 1st two perspectives we are considering: 1. Culturally bound syndromes and symptoms exist. That is to say, there are certain syndromes and symptoms that present themselves only among people of certain cultures. 2. Culturally bound syndromes and symptoms do not exist. These syndromes and symptoms are merely slightly different presentations of syndromes and symptoms found in the DSM. While exploring this topic, please keep these ground rules in mind: e tips: Put simply, try to think outside the box. Too often, we polarize ourselves into yes/no, for/against positions rather than examining the issue in detail, understanding it, and seeing a truth or truths emerge from this understanding. Think of it this way: If I say the sky is blue, then I've stopped exploring. If I say the sky isn't blue, I've again stopped exploring. If I say "I don't know, let's find out," then I've opened myself to any possibility. Question 3 The effects of Gender Dysphoria's presence as a disorder ...
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Question 2 Help1. Not all media is created equally, so critical .docx
Question 2 Help
1. Not all media is created equally, so critical thinking is needed to digest what is presented.
2. In general, media depictions are inaccurate. This may be due to many factors—including but not limited to the following: (a) the media in the U.S.A. falls within the entertainment industry—not education or a government regulated agency, (b) shock value/sensationalism, (c) exaggerating taboo qualities, (d) stereotypes and biases within individuals who work for media corporations, (e) public preferences, and/or (f) the limited time and information sometimes available to the person in charge of the media presentation.
3. Negative representations lead to negative attitudes toward people with behavioral pathology.
4. The media both shapes public opinion and caters to public preferences. If there were no consumers for the product, there would be no sponsors and no media portrayals as they now exist. The students in this class are a part of the public and you make choices as consumers—like do other members of the public—which can encourage or discourage current practices in the media.
5. The type of media venue can greatly impact the degree and direction of the distortions or misinformation (e.g., news, dramas, comedies, biographical movies, social media, internet stories, magazines, documentaries, educational programming such as PBS).
6. Those who are educated would prefer that the focus of the media be redirected away from negative effects of psychopathology. Ideally, the media would use their resources to explore human consequences for psychopathology.
Question 3 Help
In favor of gender dysphoria being in the DSM-5. Differing thoughts on whether insurance should cover sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone replacement—and whether insurance should cover reversals in the case of regret.
We were reminded that the key feature of inclusion in the DSM-5 as a psychiatric diagnosis was the presence of impairment in psychosocial functioning. Thus, looking at this criteria, if a person identified as being Transgender but is not experiencing any clinically significant distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning, this individual would not be diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria according to the DSM-5. That being the case, the question then becomes is Gender Dysphoria the best diagnosis for such individuals or can they receive the treatment needed if this diagnosis is removed and what other diagnosis(es) in the DSM-5 would be appropriate for Transgender individuals who do show clinically significant distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning if Gender Dysphoria is removed from the DSM?
The controversy extended to the ICD-10, and the instructor introduced another DSM-5 diagnosis for the class’ consideration that could apply to Transgender individuals who are experiencing distress that warrants intervention—not due to being Transgendered but due to homophobic discrimin ...
Change language English Deutsch Español Nederlands Y
Change language: English Deutsch Español Nederlands
Your Results
Closed-Minded Open to New Experiences
Disorganized Conscientious
Introverted Extraverted
Disagreeable Agreeable
Calm / Relaxed Nervous / High-Strung
What aspects of personality does this tell me about?
There has been much research on how people describe others, and five major dimensions of human personality have been found. They are often referred to as the
OCEAN model of personality, because of the acronym from the names of the five dimensions. Here are your results:
Open-Mindedness
High scorers tend to be original, creative, curious, complex; Low scorers tend to be conventional, down to earth, narrow interests, uncreative.
You enjoy having novel experiences and seeing things in new ways. (Your percentile: 81)
Conscientiousness
High scorers tend to be reliable, well-organized, self-disciplined, careful; Low scorers tend to be disorganized, undependable, negligent.
You are very well-organized, and can be relied upon. (Your percentile: 99)
Extraversion
High scorers tend to be sociable, friendly, fun loving, talkative; Low scorers tend to be introverted, reserved, inhibited, quiet.
You are extremely outgoing, social, and energetic. (Your percentile: 98)
Agreeableness
High scorers tend to be good natured, sympathetic, forgiving, courteous; Low scorers tend to be critical, rude, harsh, callous.
You are good-natured, courteous, and supportive. (Your percentile: 98)
Negative Emotionality
High scorers tend to be nervous, high-strung, insecure, worrying; Low scorers tend to be calm, relaxed, secure, hardy.
You probably remain calm, even in tense situations. (Your percentile: 19)
Results Feedback
How useful did you find your results?
Not at all 1 2 3 4 5 Very Useful
What is the “Big Five”?
Personality psychologists are interested in what differentiates one person from another and why we behave the way that we do. Personality research, like any science,
relies on quantifiable concrete data which can be used to examine what people are like. This is where the Big Five plays an important role.
The Big Five was originally derived in the 1970's by two independent research teams -- Paul Costa and Robert McCrae (at the National Institutes of Health), and
Warren Norman (at the University of Michigan)/Lewis Goldberg (at the University of Oregon) -- who took slightly different routes at arriving at the same results: most
human personality traits can be boiled down to five broad dimensions of personality, regardless of language or culture. These five dimensions were derived by asking
thousands of people hundreds of questions and then analyzing the data with a statistical procedure known as factor analysis. It is important to realize that the
researchers did not set out to find five dimensions, but that five dimensions emerged from their analyses of the data. I ...
Verbalizing Your Inner Dialogue
This document describes an approach to cognitive therapy called "verbalizing inner dialogue" to address mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. The approach involves identifying different parts of the self (a knowing, confident part and a negative, doubting part) and having the client verbally express the internal dialogue between these parts with guidance from the counselor. Examples are provided for using this technique with different personality disorders by identifying the central negative belief and strengthening the positive, healthy self through questioning and affirmation.
Aguiar AP Abnormal 2017
1. The document discusses anxiety disorders and how they differ from ordinary worries and fears. It defines anxiety and lists some common physical symptoms.
2. Specific anxiety disorders discussed include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The causes and symptoms of each disorder are described.
3. Psychologists believe anxiety disorders may be caused by biological, cognitive, and behavioral/learning factors like classical and operant conditioning which can lead to the conditioning of anxiety responses.
1) Type the definition of each of the KEY TERM from the 1st page o.docx
1) Type the definition of each of the KEY TERM from the 1st page of each of the 39 chapters from the Psychiatric—Mental Health Nursing: Evidence-Based Concepts, Skills, and Practices by Wanda K. Mohr.
2) Cite the page in the textbook each key term is found.
3) Submit all the Key Terms in one document.
Discussion Topics, Mohr
Chapter 21, Forensic Psychiatric Nursing
Discussion Topics
Learning Objective
1. You have just graduated from nursing school and you are considering working in forensic nursing.
a. Explain the psychiatric nurse’s role in the forensic milieu.
b. What are your fears in dealing with people in correctional facilities?
c. What do you think would be most difficult about working with the forensic client?
d. Have you ever witnessed acting-out behavior in a client? What happened? How did it make you feel? What do you think about this situation now? Were there any clues that this behavior was imminent? Looking at this situation now, could it have been prevented?
1
2. You are interviewing a forensic nurse who works in a correctional facility. The nurse begins to discuss the issues associated with special populations.
a. Choose one of the special populations that forensic nurses may interact with (juvenile offenders, female offenders, older adult offenders, offenders with HIV/AIDS or hepatitis, or offenders with terminal illness). Discuss some of the issues that a forensic nurse faces when dealing with these special populations.
2
3. While performing a clinical rotation in a hospital, you are assigned to a client that has been admitted from a local correctional facility. He was admitted with severe chest pain and it was confirmed that the client had a myocardial infarction. When assessing the client, you must be accompanied by a police officer and he must un-cuff the client from the bed so that you can perform a complete assessment. When you read the client’s chart, you find out that he is incarcerated for the attempted murder of a child.
a. Would you treat this client differently than any other client who was admitted with a myocardial infarction?
b. How is security for the forensic nurse incorporated into client care and what type of challenges does this present?
1, 2
4. You have just graduated from nursing school and started a job at the local correctional facility in the health clinic. Your first client is a female who has just been transferred to the correctional facility today. She has a diagnosis of terminal cancer. You learn she has three children and a husband that are devastated about her incarceration. The client reports being extremely worried about her family.
a. What are the potential blocks to the assessment process with this client?
b. What are potential nursing diagnoses for this client? What interventions could be used for each diagnosis (use the textbook for support)?
c. What strategies would you adopt when working with the client’s family? Provide examples of how you could implement these strategies..
CHAPTER The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Quest.docx
CHAPTER
The Benefit and Manner of
Asking the Right Questions
THE NOISY, CONFUSED WORLD WE LIVE IN
This book encourages you to learn something we think can change your life
for the better. That something is "critical thinking." But there is an imaginary
world that some of us inhabit where there is no need at all for critical think-
ing. In this imaginary world several conditions prevail:
1. We are each allowed the independence to make decisions about reli-
gion, politics, and what we will and will not buy or believe. Advertisers,
marketers, public relations specialists, campaign managers, and advo-
cates of various worldviews will provide us only the information that we
need to make decisions that result in building a life that we choose.
2. Anyone trying to persuade us of anything will always explain the disad-
vantages of what he or she wants us to do.
3. Any time we are confused about one of life's important questions, we
can quickly find a dependable expert, authority, or wise person. Fur-
thermore, these voices of knowledge will all agree with one another. In
short, we need not be anxious about what to do or believe because the
wise ones will have the answer. Our task is simply to locate and listen to
them.
4. Our minds are calm, engaged, reflective, and curious whenever faced
with an important choice.
We hope you realize that the world we actually live in is nothing like the
Never-Never Land, we just described.
1
2 Chapter 1 • The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Questions
In the real world, we are assaulted on all sides by others who insist that
we must do what they tell us we should do. They know best. They know
what we should wear, eat, buy, and believe. They claim to possess a truth
that we must accept. They say they want to help us. They will not leave us
alone to form our own understanding of who we should become.
As an illustration, in a 5-minute Internet search we found the following
advice with respect to the relatively simple question: Should we use more tea?
These were all found on web sites urging you to buy more tea.
• Use green tea to ease itching and swelling.
• Use strong tea as a disinfectant on cuts and bruises.
• Use strong tea to treat athlete's foot. Bathe the foot twice a day for ten
minutes for up to several weeks.
• Press rehydrated tealeaves on teeth to reduce the pain of toothache.
• Chewing rehydrated tealeaves cleanses the breath.
• Soak a towel in warm tea, and place the towel on tired eyes to refresh
them.
• Wash the face with warm tea to reduce skin rashes and pimples.
• Rinse washed hair with strong tea for shine and softness.
The people making these claims want us to change our behavior. Planning to
buy more tea?
To make matters worse, those trying to persuade us do not play fair as
they try to shape us. They tell us half-truths at best. The socialist does not
explain the dangers of a large government. The conservative does not explain
...
Aguiar ap abnormal
1. Anxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent worries or fears that interfere with daily functioning, unlike ordinary worries or fears.
2. Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
3. Proposed causes of anxiety disorders include biological factors like abnormal neurotransmitter levels or brain structures, as well as psychological factors like repressed urges, conditioning, or traumatic experiences.
Recommended
Question 2 Help1. Not all media is created equally, so critical .docx
Question 2 Help
1. Not all media is created equally, so critical thinking is needed to digest what is presented.
2. In general, media depictions are inaccurate. This may be due to many factors—including but not limited to the following: (a) the media in the U.S.A. falls within the entertainment industry—not education or a government regulated agency, (b) shock value/sensationalism, (c) exaggerating taboo qualities, (d) stereotypes and biases within individuals who work for media corporations, (e) public preferences, and/or (f) the limited time and information sometimes available to the person in charge of the media presentation.
3. Negative representations lead to negative attitudes toward people with behavioral pathology.
4. The media both shapes public opinion and caters to public preferences. If there were no consumers for the product, there would be no sponsors and no media portrayals as they now exist. The students in this class are a part of the public and you make choices as consumers—like do other members of the public—which can encourage or discourage current practices in the media.
5. The type of media venue can greatly impact the degree and direction of the distortions or misinformation (e.g., news, dramas, comedies, biographical movies, social media, internet stories, magazines, documentaries, educational programming such as PBS).
6. Those who are educated would prefer that the focus of the media be redirected away from negative effects of psychopathology. Ideally, the media would use their resources to explore human consequences for psychopathology.
Question 3 Help
In favor of gender dysphoria being in the DSM-5. Differing thoughts on whether insurance should cover sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone replacement—and whether insurance should cover reversals in the case of regret.
We were reminded that the key feature of inclusion in the DSM-5 as a psychiatric diagnosis was the presence of impairment in psychosocial functioning. Thus, looking at this criteria, if a person identified as being Transgender but is not experiencing any clinically significant distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning, this individual would not be diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria according to the DSM-5. That being the case, the question then becomes is Gender Dysphoria the best diagnosis for such individuals or can they receive the treatment needed if this diagnosis is removed and what other diagnosis(es) in the DSM-5 would be appropriate for Transgender individuals who do show clinically significant distress or impairment in social, school, or other important areas of functioning if Gender Dysphoria is removed from the DSM?
The controversy extended to the ICD-10, and the instructor introduced another DSM-5 diagnosis for the class’ consideration that could apply to Transgender individuals who are experiencing distress that warrants intervention—not due to being Transgendered but due to homophobic discrimin ...
Change language English Deutsch Español Nederlands Y
Change language: English Deutsch Español Nederlands
Your Results
Closed-Minded Open to New Experiences
Disorganized Conscientious
Introverted Extraverted
Disagreeable Agreeable
Calm / Relaxed Nervous / High-Strung
What aspects of personality does this tell me about?
There has been much research on how people describe others, and five major dimensions of human personality have been found. They are often referred to as the
OCEAN model of personality, because of the acronym from the names of the five dimensions. Here are your results:
Open-Mindedness
High scorers tend to be original, creative, curious, complex; Low scorers tend to be conventional, down to earth, narrow interests, uncreative.
You enjoy having novel experiences and seeing things in new ways. (Your percentile: 81)
Conscientiousness
High scorers tend to be reliable, well-organized, self-disciplined, careful; Low scorers tend to be disorganized, undependable, negligent.
You are very well-organized, and can be relied upon. (Your percentile: 99)
Extraversion
High scorers tend to be sociable, friendly, fun loving, talkative; Low scorers tend to be introverted, reserved, inhibited, quiet.
You are extremely outgoing, social, and energetic. (Your percentile: 98)
Agreeableness
High scorers tend to be good natured, sympathetic, forgiving, courteous; Low scorers tend to be critical, rude, harsh, callous.
You are good-natured, courteous, and supportive. (Your percentile: 98)
Negative Emotionality
High scorers tend to be nervous, high-strung, insecure, worrying; Low scorers tend to be calm, relaxed, secure, hardy.
You probably remain calm, even in tense situations. (Your percentile: 19)
Results Feedback
How useful did you find your results?
Not at all 1 2 3 4 5 Very Useful
What is the “Big Five”?
Personality psychologists are interested in what differentiates one person from another and why we behave the way that we do. Personality research, like any science,
relies on quantifiable concrete data which can be used to examine what people are like. This is where the Big Five plays an important role.
The Big Five was originally derived in the 1970's by two independent research teams -- Paul Costa and Robert McCrae (at the National Institutes of Health), and
Warren Norman (at the University of Michigan)/Lewis Goldberg (at the University of Oregon) -- who took slightly different routes at arriving at the same results: most
human personality traits can be boiled down to five broad dimensions of personality, regardless of language or culture. These five dimensions were derived by asking
thousands of people hundreds of questions and then analyzing the data with a statistical procedure known as factor analysis. It is important to realize that the
researchers did not set out to find five dimensions, but that five dimensions emerged from their analyses of the data. I ...
Verbalizing Your Inner Dialogue
This document describes an approach to cognitive therapy called "verbalizing inner dialogue" to address mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and relationship problems. The approach involves identifying different parts of the self (a knowing, confident part and a negative, doubting part) and having the client verbally express the internal dialogue between these parts with guidance from the counselor. Examples are provided for using this technique with different personality disorders by identifying the central negative belief and strengthening the positive, healthy self through questioning and affirmation.
Aguiar AP Abnormal 2017
1. The document discusses anxiety disorders and how they differ from ordinary worries and fears. It defines anxiety and lists some common physical symptoms.
2. Specific anxiety disorders discussed include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The causes and symptoms of each disorder are described.
3. Psychologists believe anxiety disorders may be caused by biological, cognitive, and behavioral/learning factors like classical and operant conditioning which can lead to the conditioning of anxiety responses.
1) Type the definition of each of the KEY TERM from the 1st page o.docx
1) Type the definition of each of the KEY TERM from the 1st page of each of the 39 chapters from the Psychiatric—Mental Health Nursing: Evidence-Based Concepts, Skills, and Practices by Wanda K. Mohr.
2) Cite the page in the textbook each key term is found.
3) Submit all the Key Terms in one document.
Discussion Topics, Mohr
Chapter 21, Forensic Psychiatric Nursing
Discussion Topics
Learning Objective
1. You have just graduated from nursing school and you are considering working in forensic nursing.
a. Explain the psychiatric nurse’s role in the forensic milieu.
b. What are your fears in dealing with people in correctional facilities?
c. What do you think would be most difficult about working with the forensic client?
d. Have you ever witnessed acting-out behavior in a client? What happened? How did it make you feel? What do you think about this situation now? Were there any clues that this behavior was imminent? Looking at this situation now, could it have been prevented?
1
2. You are interviewing a forensic nurse who works in a correctional facility. The nurse begins to discuss the issues associated with special populations.
a. Choose one of the special populations that forensic nurses may interact with (juvenile offenders, female offenders, older adult offenders, offenders with HIV/AIDS or hepatitis, or offenders with terminal illness). Discuss some of the issues that a forensic nurse faces when dealing with these special populations.
2
3. While performing a clinical rotation in a hospital, you are assigned to a client that has been admitted from a local correctional facility. He was admitted with severe chest pain and it was confirmed that the client had a myocardial infarction. When assessing the client, you must be accompanied by a police officer and he must un-cuff the client from the bed so that you can perform a complete assessment. When you read the client’s chart, you find out that he is incarcerated for the attempted murder of a child.
a. Would you treat this client differently than any other client who was admitted with a myocardial infarction?
b. How is security for the forensic nurse incorporated into client care and what type of challenges does this present?
1, 2
4. You have just graduated from nursing school and started a job at the local correctional facility in the health clinic. Your first client is a female who has just been transferred to the correctional facility today. She has a diagnosis of terminal cancer. You learn she has three children and a husband that are devastated about her incarceration. The client reports being extremely worried about her family.
a. What are the potential blocks to the assessment process with this client?
b. What are potential nursing diagnoses for this client? What interventions could be used for each diagnosis (use the textbook for support)?
c. What strategies would you adopt when working with the client’s family? Provide examples of how you could implement these strategies..
CHAPTER The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Quest.docx
CHAPTER
The Benefit and Manner of
Asking the Right Questions
THE NOISY, CONFUSED WORLD WE LIVE IN
This book encourages you to learn something we think can change your life
for the better. That something is "critical thinking." But there is an imaginary
world that some of us inhabit where there is no need at all for critical think-
ing. In this imaginary world several conditions prevail:
1. We are each allowed the independence to make decisions about reli-
gion, politics, and what we will and will not buy or believe. Advertisers,
marketers, public relations specialists, campaign managers, and advo-
cates of various worldviews will provide us only the information that we
need to make decisions that result in building a life that we choose.
2. Anyone trying to persuade us of anything will always explain the disad-
vantages of what he or she wants us to do.
3. Any time we are confused about one of life's important questions, we
can quickly find a dependable expert, authority, or wise person. Fur-
thermore, these voices of knowledge will all agree with one another. In
short, we need not be anxious about what to do or believe because the
wise ones will have the answer. Our task is simply to locate and listen to
them.
4. Our minds are calm, engaged, reflective, and curious whenever faced
with an important choice.
We hope you realize that the world we actually live in is nothing like the
Never-Never Land, we just described.
1
2 Chapter 1 • The Benefit and Manner of Asking the Right Questions
In the real world, we are assaulted on all sides by others who insist that
we must do what they tell us we should do. They know best. They know
what we should wear, eat, buy, and believe. They claim to possess a truth
that we must accept. They say they want to help us. They will not leave us
alone to form our own understanding of who we should become.
As an illustration, in a 5-minute Internet search we found the following
advice with respect to the relatively simple question: Should we use more tea?
These were all found on web sites urging you to buy more tea.
• Use green tea to ease itching and swelling.
• Use strong tea as a disinfectant on cuts and bruises.
• Use strong tea to treat athlete's foot. Bathe the foot twice a day for ten
minutes for up to several weeks.
• Press rehydrated tealeaves on teeth to reduce the pain of toothache.
• Chewing rehydrated tealeaves cleanses the breath.
• Soak a towel in warm tea, and place the towel on tired eyes to refresh
them.
• Wash the face with warm tea to reduce skin rashes and pimples.
• Rinse washed hair with strong tea for shine and softness.
The people making these claims want us to change our behavior. Planning to
buy more tea?
To make matters worse, those trying to persuade us do not play fair as
they try to shape us. They tell us half-truths at best. The socialist does not
explain the dangers of a large government. The conservative does not explain
...
Aguiar ap abnormal
1. Anxiety disorders involve excessive and persistent worries or fears that interfere with daily functioning, unlike ordinary worries or fears.
2. Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
3. Proposed causes of anxiety disorders include biological factors like abnormal neurotransmitter levels or brain structures, as well as psychological factors like repressed urges, conditioning, or traumatic experiences.
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning Outc
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Evaluate the underlying principles in the field of social psychology.
2.1 Identify the differences between intuition and logic thinking systems.
2.2 Describe the roles and functions of biases and heuristics in the intuition thinking system.
6. Explain how social environments influence the understanding of individuals.
6.1 Apply theories and principles regarding self-knowledge to indicate how our self-concept is
socially determined.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
2.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
6.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 3
Unit II Assessment
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3: The Social Self
Chapter 4: Social Cognition
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Perceiving Ourselves
and the World
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Unit Lesson
The Social Self
Who are you? How did you determine who you are? Do humans differ in this respect from other animals? The
concept of the self has been something that psychologists and laypeople alike have attempted to explain.
Early investigation into these questions led Gordon Gallup to place animals in front of a mirror with red dye on
part of their faces. Some animals, like great apes and dolphins, noticed that their image had changed when
placed in front of a mirror, indicating that they have self-recognition, or an understanding that one is a
separate entity from others and objects in the world (Heinzen & Goodfriend, 2019). When does self-
recognition occur in human
infants? Self-recognition develops
in human infants at around the
age of 2, and it continues to
develop across the lifespan. At
first, this concept is concrete and
focused on observable
characteristics (e.g., I have brown
hair) then becomes more abstract
(e.g., I consider myself religious)
and focused on psychological
characteristics (e.g., I am nice) in
childhood and adolescence. How
would you describe yourself right
now? Now think about how you
would have described yourself
when you were four. It might be
hard to remember, but at age 4,
many of you probably described
yourselves in terms of
observational characteristics.
How do you come to even know what descriptors fit you? This relates to the term self-concept, which is the
personal summary of who we believe we are, and it can be acquired through many sources as noted by
Heinzen and Goodfriend (2019). For example, you can rely on other people to provide self-knowledge. You
can come to know yourself by comparing yourself to others on abilities, traits, and attitudes. This is known as
social comparison theory. You make social comparisons when you have little information available, and you
typically compare yourself to others who are similar to you. However, you do not always do this. Some ...
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docx
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docx
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Clinician Assessment
The document describes the five key steps in selecting an appropriate assessment instrument for a client. Step 1 focuses on determining the client's needs and goals. Step 2 matches tests to the client's goals based on information gathered. Step 3 involves research by the clinician to find the best test. Step 4 assesses the test's worthiness based on reliability, validity, practicality and cost. Step 5 considers why the test is needed, how easy it is to administer and whether it is a good fit for the client based on the previous steps.
Signature Assignment Part 5
This document discusses cognitive behavioral therapy and its application to treating three disorders: narcissistic personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia, paranoid type. It provides background on the development of CBT by Dr. Aaron Beck in the 1960s. For each disorder, it outlines the presenting problem, long and short term goals, interventions, and sample actions over the course of treatment. CBT aims to identify and change negative or distorted patterns of thinking that fuel problematic behaviors.
!!Business Ethics Rubric The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages.docx
!
!
Business Ethics Rubric
The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages. !
I will be looking for the following items in your Case Study Analysis. !
I. Developing a Practical Ethical Viewpoint (Theories to use to analyze the case study)
A. Utilitarianism
B. Universal Ethics
C. Ethical Relativism
D. Virtue Ethics !
II. To help you choose the ethical theory do the following (By looking at the moral
situations):
A. Interpret what is right and wrong according to each of the four theories
B. Give an argument that each theory might provide
C. State your own assessment of the strengths of each theory
D. State the weakness of each theory !
III. Step 1: Analyze the Consequences.
Who will be helped by what you do? Who will be harmed? What kind of benefits and harm are
we talking about? Who will be helped by what you do? Who will be harmed?
Step 2: Analyze the actions
Consider all the options from a different perspective, without thinking about the consequences.
How do the actions measure up against moral principles like honesty, fairness, equality,
respecting the dignity of others, and people’s rights? (Consider the common good.) Are any of
the actions at odds with those standards? If there’s a conflict between principles or between the
rights of different people involved, is there a way to see one principle as more important than the
others? Which option offers actions that are least problematic? !
Step 3: Make a decision
Make a decision. Take both parts of your analysis into account, and make a
decision. This strategy at least gives you some basic steps you can follow. !
1. What are the facts? Know the facts as best you can. If your facts are wrong, you’re liable
to make a bad choice.
2. 2. What can you guess about the facts you don’t know? Since it is impossible to know all
the facts, make reasonable assumptions about the missing pieces of information.
3. 3. What do the facts mean? Facts by themselves have no meaning. You need to interpret
the information in light of the values that are important to you.
4. 4. What does the problem look like through the eyes of the people involved? The ability to
walk in another’s shoes is essential. Understanding the problem through a variety of
perspectives increases the possibility that you will choose wisely.
5. 5. What will happen if you choose one thing rather than another? All actions have
consequences. Make a reasonable guess as to what will happen if you follow a
particular course of action. Decide whether you think more good or harm will come
of your action.
6. 6. What do your feelings tell you? Feelings are facts too. Your feelings about
ethical issues may give you a clue as to parts of your decision that your
rational mind may overlook.
7. 7. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another? Some
call this your conscience. It is a form of self-appraisal. It helps you decide
whether you are the kind of person you would like to be. It h ...
Chapter 4 – Steps in Ethical Decision Making.pptx
This document provides an overview of steps in ethical decision making. It includes 3 lessons: ethical reasoning, the principle of beneficence, and a 7-step guide to ethical decision making. The 7 steps are: 1) state the problem 2) check the facts 3) identify relevant factors 4) develop options 5) test the options using various tests 6) make a decision 7) review and improve processes. The document concludes with a case study and questions about how to apply ethical decision making principles to the situation.
Assessment Should We Withhold Life The Martinez Case.docx
Mr. Martinez was a 75-year-old man hospitalized for an upper respiratory infection. He and his wife had requested no CPR. However, his oxygen was increased, causing respiratory failure. The case examines the ethical issues around limiting life support for Mr. Martinez given his directives, quality of life, his family's preferences, and relevant moral principles.
Successphilosophy
This document outlines a philosophical manifesto aimed at helping readers develop their own philosophy through examination of key topics. It provides a 7-step method for philosophical analysis including defining questions, finding starting points, testing intuitions logically, and revising views. Some key topics discussed are knowledge and reality, personal identity, and beliefs about God. The goal is for readers to gain clarity on their core values and beliefs to achieve success and fulfillment through developing a strong sense of self and purpose.
Part I. Match the term to its definition. The terms come from .docx
Part I. Match the term to its definition
.
The terms come from Chapters 1-4 of the course textbook. (20 points – 1 point each)
Answer
Term
Definition
symbol
1.positivistic, value-neutral study of phenomena
environment
2. transmitter of a message
public communication
3. studying cause-effect relationships
feedback
4. term often used in organizational communication to show rankings among people
semiotics
5. Research moving from theory to specific cases
narrow theory
6. arbitrary label or representation of phenomena
Socio-psychological research
7. tries to explain all aspects of communication behavior in a manner that is universally true
mediated communication
8. verbal and nonverbal responses to a message
nominal concept
9 Research moving from specific cases to theory
channel
10. looking broadly at the systematic processes of communication
validity
11. Usually, a speech given by a person to a live, present audience.
critical scholarship
12. research observations and measurements accurately capture and report on a real-world phenomenon
deduction
13. Rapidly changing context for communication
grand theory
14. ideas or phenomena that are not directly observable
source
15. study of signs and how they change meaning over time
cybernetic tradition
16. a person talking to him or herself
inductive
17. studies certain people in certain situations
hierarchy
18. questions social power relationships
empirical
19. situation or context where communication occurs
Intrapersonal communication
20. visual, aural, tactile, etc. pathways of communication
Page 2
Part II. Multiple Choice Questions.
These questions relation to your assigned reading in Weeks 2, 3 & 4 (5 points – 1 point each).
Highlight
the correct answer.
1.
Which of the following is an assumption of Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
a.
human beings desire inconsistency in their cognitions
b.
dissonance is created by physiological discomfort
c.
dissonance is an aversive state that drives people to change attitudes and/or behaviors
d.
none of the above
2.
All of the following are assumptions about Uncertainty Reduction EXCEPT
a.
it is unreasonable to attempt to predict people's behavior in a lawlike fashion
b.
uncertainty is an aversive state, generating cognitive stress
c.
people experience uncertainty in interpersonal settings
d.
when strangers meet, they want to reduce their uncertainty and increase their predictability
3.
At the heart of Social Penetration Theory is self-disclosure. All of the following statements about self-disclosure are true EXCEPT
a.
nonintimate relationships typically progress to an intimate level without engaging in self disclosure
b.
self-disclosure can be strategic, which means that disclosures are planned
c.
self-disclosure can be nonstrategic, which means that disclosures are spontaneous
d.
stranger on the train refers to instances in which people reveal personal information to complete strangers in public places
4.
A.
AP Abnormal Psych
1. Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear or anxiety that interferes with daily functioning. They differ from ordinary worries in their severity, frequency and impact.
2. Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Each has distinct symptoms but all involve disproportionate fear responses.
3. Potential causes of anxiety disorders include biological factors like neurotransmitter imbalances, genetic predispositions or brain abnormalities. Psychological theories also point to learned fears from conditioning or repressed unconscious urges.
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...Hafiz Muhammad Huzaifah Punjani
The research report Presentation addresses the stigma related to the mental health in our society. This study was intended to increase understanding of peoples’ views of mental illness by developing and administering measures of knowledge and attitudes of people toward mental illnesses.
The research conducted through questionnaires regarding the mental health stigma is reviewed and analyzed that indicates that the majority of the general public holds negative stereotypes towards people with psychological problems.
Hence, a model has been proposed to illustrate what are the peoples’ attitudes towards and knowledge about the mental health, why is it a taboo to talk about this topic, how can this stigma prevent the people from getting help for the psychological difficulties and solutions for reducing and dealing with the mental health stigma are discussed.
FAST-NU
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Miss sumarah rashid
Section: GR-4
Group members:
Taban Shaukat 16K3937
Huzaifah Punjani 16K3924
Anas Bin Faisal 16K4064
Abeer Zehra 16K4068
Maria Ahmed 16K4058
A major producer of plastic in the U.S. is about to expand its busin.docx
A major producer of plastic in the U.S. is about to expand its business. As part of this expansion, it will begin to sell its products in Europe and Asia. In addition, it plans to open a plant in Asia.
Jerry, president and CEO is concerned because he has heard many stories of companies that have tried to expand globally, but the operations failed either miserably or did not live up to expectationsdue to the cultural differences between workers and customers in each country.
Assignment:
1. Research a selected multinational corporation or an internatonal non-profit agency to discover barriers that organiation encountered and what its managers dd to try to overcome those barriers.
2. Generate and evaluate reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural point of view of others. VERy IMPORTANT! List 5 Resources or Materials (Citations)!!! Three of the 5 Citations may come from the textbook)!
3. Discuss how appreciating cultural diversity affects peoples' ability to communicate effectively in the content of a multinational corporation or an international non-profit agency.
.
A key theory explored this week is labeling theory. This assignmen.docx
A key theory explored this week is labeling theory. This assignment examines how this particular theory may assist us in explaining variations in crime rates.
In a 2-3 page paper, critically examine how labeling theory and reward-risks models explain variations in crime by country, region, community, sex, age, race, and social class.
Provide your own critical thoughts on this issue, based on what you have researched.
.
A haiku is __________. (Points 3) a rhyming poem with 1.docx
A haiku is __________. (Points : 3)
a rhyming poem with 14 lines that can either be written in English or Italian forms
a poem with five lines that has a specific rhyme scheme and is often humorous
a non-rhyming, 17-syllable poem generally divided into three lines and dealing with nature
a type of poem that tells a story and often focuses on heroic characters from the past
2. The poem “The Pasture” by Robert Frost depicts nature as __________. (Points : 3)
unrealistic
comical
brutal
frail
3. Christina Rossetti’s choice to give speech to a robin, a rosebush, the moon, and the ocean in “A Wintry Sonnet” is a use of __________. (Points : 3)
irony
imagery
symbolism
personification
4. In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” the speaker describes __________. (Points : 3)
feeling melancholy when he sees the colors of the autumn leaves
feeling great gladness when he sees a field of daffodils
sowing many daffodils and watching them grow and bloom
floating over the English countryside with the clouds
5. Which is the best statement of the theme of “To Everything There Is a Season”? (Points : 3)
The wind blows where it will, and no one can predict it.
Summer, fall, winter, and spring each have a special beauty.
Pain and suffering are part of life, and one must accept them.
A right time and place exist for each of life’s actions.
6. Which season does Emily Dickinson’s poem “The Morns Are Meeker Than They Were” describe? (Points : 3)
spring
summer
autumn
winter
7. Which line below uses alliteration? (Points : 3)
“But each wild breast stiffened”
“A wild, white welter of winnowing wings”
“I wandered lonely as a cloud”
“Dreaming of honeycombs to share”
8. The function of a short story’s exposition is to __________. (Points : 3)
present the setting and characters
carry the action to the turning point
begin the action of the plot
resolve the plot’s conflict
9. In a story, the point of highest action or the turning point is known as the ________ . (Points : 3)
rising action
falling action
resolution
climax
10. Dialogue that imitates the way real people talk is called __________. (Points : 3)
allusion
characterization
plot
dialect
11. Readers can more readily identify with a story’s narrator if the writer uses __________. (Points : 3)
third-person omniscient point of view
third-person limited point of view
second-person point of view
first-person point of view
12. When the setting of Christina Rossetti’s “A Wintry Sonnet” changes from winter to spring, the poe.
A key element of social-emotional development during infancy and tod.docx
A key element of social-emotional development during infancy and toddlerhood is the establishment of bonds of attachment. A child’s temperament can influence the nature of attachment with caregivers. For instance, an infant’s difficult temperament might make it more likely that he or she will develop an insecure attachment to the caregiver. If caregivers receive sufficient social support, thereby establishing a “goodness of fit” between temperament and environment (i.e., parenting), they can overcome some of the challenges of raising a difficult child.
The child’s temperament and the caregiver’s parenting style work in tandem to affect his or her social-emotional and cognitive development. Caregivers who exhibit open displays of warmth and affection and who respond to their children’s needs in a timely manner (thereby acknowledging that each child has some influence on other family members) are likely to socialize their children so that they feel positively about themselves, learn to trust, and are secure with their caregivers. As you examine other parenting styles, think about how the level of caregiver responsiveness affects infant attachment.
To prepare for this assignment, select two parenting styles presented in the Learning Resources.
The assignment: (3
–
4 pages)
Briefly describe the two parenting styles you selected.
Explain two types of attachment you might expect, based on each parenting style you selected.
Then, explain why you chose each type of attachment.
Finally, explain how culture may impact the type of attachment.
Be specific, provide examples, and justify your response with citations from the Learning Resources/literature.
Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.
.
A grade 11 class, on a field trip to Montreal, had lunch in a restau.docx
A grade 11 class, on a field trip to Montreal, had lunch in a restaurant. The bill came to $239.25. Four students had birthdays that day, and it was agreed that these four should not have to pay for lunch. The other students had to pay $1 more than if all the students had paid. How many students had lunch?
.
A joint committee is[removed]set up to resolve differences in legi.docx
A joint committee is
[removed]set up to resolve differences in legislation passed separately in the House and Senate
[removed] made up of members from both the House and Senate to address a common concern
[removed] a group of members of Congress who meet with the president to prevent vetoed bills
[removed] created by the House when the Senate has taken too long to debate a proposed bill
.
A historical case where stare decisis was followed wasPlanned Pa.docx
A historical case where stare decisis was followed was
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey. Stare decisis was followed from the Roe v. Wade decision regarding a women’s right to have an abortion, to decide whether certain stipulations from Roe v. Wade were constitutional (Mitchell, 2011). Some judicial discretion should have been used while ruling using the precedent set in Roe v. Wade to make it a unique case where the
.
a health issue and its policy in Saudi ArabiaTerm paper• To beg.docx
a health issue and its policy in Saudi Arabia
Term paper:
• To begin with you will choose a topic related to Saudi healthcare/Saudi health system and write an outline/draft of 3-4 pages and submit for approval.
• For this you need to review literature pertaining to the topic and collect all the relevant data for your study
• Then align this information in the given format
• The final term paper should have
: - Minimum 10 pages and maximum 20 pages - Minimum 5 references - Double spaced, 12 font size.
The following is an outline of the term paper:
Cover Page-with title of the study, Student Name Abbreviations Index
1. Introduction (Background, Definitions, current scenario, may include history)
2. Objectives (What do you want to understand from the study-objectives may be one or more) a. b.
3. Body/ Literature review
4. Discussion (compare between studies, the pros and cons of the subject, the future etc) 5. Conclusion References
Note: Number of pages will be counted from introduction to conclusion (10-20) Plagiarism will not be tolerated. All the content should be given suitable references
.
A group working at the University of California, Berkeley has develo.docx
A group working at the University of California, Berkeley has developed “nanothermometers,” little nanoparticles that can be injected into cells to measure the temperature in various places in the cell. So far, they have been used in cells growing in a culture dish. Indicate what you think the group will discover about the temperature in different parts of the cell. Discuss whether you believe it will be the same or different, and explain why.
References:
.
A graph…….a.can be used to show either a positive or neg.docx
A graph…….
a.
can be used to show either a positive or negative relationship between two variables.
b.
can illustrate both demand and supply.
c.
is used because it is impossible to describe any economic relationship verbally.
d.
all of the above.
e.
both a) and b) are correct.
2.
If less people buy coffee as income declines, then coffee is
a.
a complementary good.
b.
a substitute good.
c.
a normal good.
d.
an inferior good.
3.
Consider that when the price of a good increases, like hamburgers people buy less of that good and less of a complementary good such as ketchup.
Therefore if the price of hamburgers increases,
the quantity demanded of hamburgers will decrease and the demand curve for
ketchup will shift to the left.
the quantity demanded of hamburgers will increase and the demand curve for
ketchup will shift to the left.
the quantity demanded of hamburgers will decrease and the demand curve for
ketchup will shift to the right.
the quantity demanded of hamburgers will increase and the demand curve for ketchup will shift to the right.
4.
If insurance companies are compelled by law to decrease their rates 5% for high-risk drivers, what would be the most likely outcome for high-risk drivers according to supply and demand analysis?
a.
High-risk drivers will be better off since there will be an increase in the supply for insurance.
b.
High-risk drivers will be better off since there will be an increase in the demand for insurance.
c.
Many high-risk drivers may be unable to purchase insurance since the likely outcome of the law may be to cause a shortage of insurance for high-risk drivers.
d.
both b) and c) are correct.
5.
Which of the following forecasts for revenue are correct when the price of x declines?
a.
increased revenue in the price elastic case and decreased revenue in the price inelastic case
b.
decreased revenue in the price elastic case and increased revenue in the price inelastic case
c.
increase in revenue no matter what the elasticity coefficient is
d.
decrease in revenue no matter what the elasticity coefficient is
6.
The demand for food is likely to be more
than the demand for meat.
The relates to the elasticity determinant of
________.
a.
elastic – price relative to income
b.
inelastic – price relative to income
c.
elastic – number of substitutes
d.
inelastic – number of substitutes
7.
If you enjoyed wine so much that the more you had, the better it tasted, then the marginal utility of additional wine would be
a.
positive and declining
b.
negative
c.
zero
d.
increasing
8.
If the demand for corn shifts to the right, it may have been caused by
a.
the price of corn declining.
b.
more people needing corn for recipes.
c.
the price of corn increasing.
d.
both a) and b) are correct.
9.
The paradox of value suggests that one will pay
a. more for water than diamonds.
b. more for a luxury cruise than water.
c. more for .
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PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning Outc
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Evaluate the underlying principles in the field of social psychology.
2.1 Identify the differences between intuition and logic thinking systems.
2.2 Describe the roles and functions of biases and heuristics in the intuition thinking system.
6. Explain how social environments influence the understanding of individuals.
6.1 Apply theories and principles regarding self-knowledge to indicate how our self-concept is
socially determined.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
2.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
2.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 4
Unit II Assessment
6.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 3
Unit II Assessment
Reading Assignment
Chapter 3: The Social Self
Chapter 4: Social Cognition
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Perceiving Ourselves
and the World
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Unit Lesson
The Social Self
Who are you? How did you determine who you are? Do humans differ in this respect from other animals? The
concept of the self has been something that psychologists and laypeople alike have attempted to explain.
Early investigation into these questions led Gordon Gallup to place animals in front of a mirror with red dye on
part of their faces. Some animals, like great apes and dolphins, noticed that their image had changed when
placed in front of a mirror, indicating that they have self-recognition, or an understanding that one is a
separate entity from others and objects in the world (Heinzen & Goodfriend, 2019). When does self-
recognition occur in human
infants? Self-recognition develops
in human infants at around the
age of 2, and it continues to
develop across the lifespan. At
first, this concept is concrete and
focused on observable
characteristics (e.g., I have brown
hair) then becomes more abstract
(e.g., I consider myself religious)
and focused on psychological
characteristics (e.g., I am nice) in
childhood and adolescence. How
would you describe yourself right
now? Now think about how you
would have described yourself
when you were four. It might be
hard to remember, but at age 4,
many of you probably described
yourselves in terms of
observational characteristics.
How do you come to even know what descriptors fit you? This relates to the term self-concept, which is the
personal summary of who we believe we are, and it can be acquired through many sources as noted by
Heinzen and Goodfriend (2019). For example, you can rely on other people to provide self-knowledge. You
can come to know yourself by comparing yourself to others on abilities, traits, and attitudes. This is known as
social comparison theory. You make social comparisons when you have little information available, and you
typically compare yourself to others who are similar to you. However, you do not always do this. Some ...
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docx
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docx
Week 4: Fallacies, Biases, and Rhetoric
Just as it is important to find truth it is equally important to learn to avoid error. It is analogous to playing defense. The main way that we play defense in logic is by guarding against fallacies and biases. Fallacies are common forms of inference that are not good; they do not adequately support their conclusions. The best way to learn to avoid them is to learn to identify them so that you will see when they are occurring.
Since there are literally hundreds of fallacies, we will only have time to discuss a small few. However, we will focus on some of the most common, and readers can go on to learn more, both from our book as well as other online resources. Here is a brief summary of a few of the most important and most common (these are explained in much greater detail in the book, and there are many more fallacies addressed in the book, so make sure to reach Chapter 7 before doing the activities of the week).
This week's guidance will cover the following topics:
1. Begging the Question
2. The Straw Man Fallacy
3. The Ad Hominem Fallacy
4. The Appeal to Popular Opinion
5. The Appeal to Emotion
6. Other Fallacies
7. Cognitive Biases
8. Argumentative Devices
9. Things to Do This Week
Begging the Question
Possibly the most commonly committed fallacy is Begging the Question (by assuming a main point at issue). Here is a nice explanation:
Circular reasoning is an extreme version of begging the question in which a premise is identical to the conclusion.
Here are some examples of each:
1. Don’t listen to that candidate; he’s untrustworthy.
2. You shouldn’t bet on that horse; it’s going to lose.
3. Don’t buy a Mac since PCs are better.
4. Marijuana should not be legalized because that would be disastrous.
5. You should join my religion because it’s the true one.
6. That food is bad for you because it is unhealthy.How to Avoid Begging the Question
In order to avoid this fallacy it is necessary to use premises that do not assume the point at issue, but rather that are based in principles and observations upon which both parties could in principle agree.
Can you think of ways to fix each of the above arguments? What premises could you add to make the arguments, not only substantive, but also to support their conclusions in ways that are likely to be acceptable to someone who doesn’t already agree?An Example of Avoiding Begging the Question by Creating a Supporting Argument
Suppose you want to say why abortion is wrong, and you use the premise that abortion kills a human being. This argument simply assumes that a human fetus is a human being, which is a major point at issue. One way that you might seek to get out of this problem is to come up with a supporting argument for that premise. That is, you might construct a piece of reasoning intending to demonstrate to the other parties why a fetus should count as a human being.
To do this without begging the question will be difficult, but it typically will involve.
Clinician Assessment
The document describes the five key steps in selecting an appropriate assessment instrument for a client. Step 1 focuses on determining the client's needs and goals. Step 2 matches tests to the client's goals based on information gathered. Step 3 involves research by the clinician to find the best test. Step 4 assesses the test's worthiness based on reliability, validity, practicality and cost. Step 5 considers why the test is needed, how easy it is to administer and whether it is a good fit for the client based on the previous steps.
Signature Assignment Part 5
This document discusses cognitive behavioral therapy and its application to treating three disorders: narcissistic personality disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia, paranoid type. It provides background on the development of CBT by Dr. Aaron Beck in the 1960s. For each disorder, it outlines the presenting problem, long and short term goals, interventions, and sample actions over the course of treatment. CBT aims to identify and change negative or distorted patterns of thinking that fuel problematic behaviors.
!!Business Ethics Rubric The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages.docx
!
!
Business Ethics Rubric
The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages. !
I will be looking for the following items in your Case Study Analysis. !
I. Developing a Practical Ethical Viewpoint (Theories to use to analyze the case study)
A. Utilitarianism
B. Universal Ethics
C. Ethical Relativism
D. Virtue Ethics !
II. To help you choose the ethical theory do the following (By looking at the moral
situations):
A. Interpret what is right and wrong according to each of the four theories
B. Give an argument that each theory might provide
C. State your own assessment of the strengths of each theory
D. State the weakness of each theory !
III. Step 1: Analyze the Consequences.
Who will be helped by what you do? Who will be harmed? What kind of benefits and harm are
we talking about? Who will be helped by what you do? Who will be harmed?
Step 2: Analyze the actions
Consider all the options from a different perspective, without thinking about the consequences.
How do the actions measure up against moral principles like honesty, fairness, equality,
respecting the dignity of others, and people’s rights? (Consider the common good.) Are any of
the actions at odds with those standards? If there’s a conflict between principles or between the
rights of different people involved, is there a way to see one principle as more important than the
others? Which option offers actions that are least problematic? !
Step 3: Make a decision
Make a decision. Take both parts of your analysis into account, and make a
decision. This strategy at least gives you some basic steps you can follow. !
1. What are the facts? Know the facts as best you can. If your facts are wrong, you’re liable
to make a bad choice.
2. 2. What can you guess about the facts you don’t know? Since it is impossible to know all
the facts, make reasonable assumptions about the missing pieces of information.
3. 3. What do the facts mean? Facts by themselves have no meaning. You need to interpret
the information in light of the values that are important to you.
4. 4. What does the problem look like through the eyes of the people involved? The ability to
walk in another’s shoes is essential. Understanding the problem through a variety of
perspectives increases the possibility that you will choose wisely.
5. 5. What will happen if you choose one thing rather than another? All actions have
consequences. Make a reasonable guess as to what will happen if you follow a
particular course of action. Decide whether you think more good or harm will come
of your action.
6. 6. What do your feelings tell you? Feelings are facts too. Your feelings about
ethical issues may give you a clue as to parts of your decision that your
rational mind may overlook.
7. 7. What will you think of yourself if you decide one thing or another? Some
call this your conscience. It is a form of self-appraisal. It helps you decide
whether you are the kind of person you would like to be. It h ...
Chapter 4 – Steps in Ethical Decision Making.pptx
This document provides an overview of steps in ethical decision making. It includes 3 lessons: ethical reasoning, the principle of beneficence, and a 7-step guide to ethical decision making. The 7 steps are: 1) state the problem 2) check the facts 3) identify relevant factors 4) develop options 5) test the options using various tests 6) make a decision 7) review and improve processes. The document concludes with a case study and questions about how to apply ethical decision making principles to the situation.
Assessment Should We Withhold Life The Martinez Case.docx
Mr. Martinez was a 75-year-old man hospitalized for an upper respiratory infection. He and his wife had requested no CPR. However, his oxygen was increased, causing respiratory failure. The case examines the ethical issues around limiting life support for Mr. Martinez given his directives, quality of life, his family's preferences, and relevant moral principles.
Successphilosophy
This document outlines a philosophical manifesto aimed at helping readers develop their own philosophy through examination of key topics. It provides a 7-step method for philosophical analysis including defining questions, finding starting points, testing intuitions logically, and revising views. Some key topics discussed are knowledge and reality, personal identity, and beliefs about God. The goal is for readers to gain clarity on their core values and beliefs to achieve success and fulfillment through developing a strong sense of self and purpose.
Part I. Match the term to its definition. The terms come from .docx
Part I. Match the term to its definition
.
The terms come from Chapters 1-4 of the course textbook. (20 points – 1 point each)
Answer
Term
Definition
symbol
1.positivistic, value-neutral study of phenomena
environment
2. transmitter of a message
public communication
3. studying cause-effect relationships
feedback
4. term often used in organizational communication to show rankings among people
semiotics
5. Research moving from theory to specific cases
narrow theory
6. arbitrary label or representation of phenomena
Socio-psychological research
7. tries to explain all aspects of communication behavior in a manner that is universally true
mediated communication
8. verbal and nonverbal responses to a message
nominal concept
9 Research moving from specific cases to theory
channel
10. looking broadly at the systematic processes of communication
validity
11. Usually, a speech given by a person to a live, present audience.
critical scholarship
12. research observations and measurements accurately capture and report on a real-world phenomenon
deduction
13. Rapidly changing context for communication
grand theory
14. ideas or phenomena that are not directly observable
source
15. study of signs and how they change meaning over time
cybernetic tradition
16. a person talking to him or herself
inductive
17. studies certain people in certain situations
hierarchy
18. questions social power relationships
empirical
19. situation or context where communication occurs
Intrapersonal communication
20. visual, aural, tactile, etc. pathways of communication
Page 2
Part II. Multiple Choice Questions.
These questions relation to your assigned reading in Weeks 2, 3 & 4 (5 points – 1 point each).
Highlight
the correct answer.
1.
Which of the following is an assumption of Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
a.
human beings desire inconsistency in their cognitions
b.
dissonance is created by physiological discomfort
c.
dissonance is an aversive state that drives people to change attitudes and/or behaviors
d.
none of the above
2.
All of the following are assumptions about Uncertainty Reduction EXCEPT
a.
it is unreasonable to attempt to predict people's behavior in a lawlike fashion
b.
uncertainty is an aversive state, generating cognitive stress
c.
people experience uncertainty in interpersonal settings
d.
when strangers meet, they want to reduce their uncertainty and increase their predictability
3.
At the heart of Social Penetration Theory is self-disclosure. All of the following statements about self-disclosure are true EXCEPT
a.
nonintimate relationships typically progress to an intimate level without engaging in self disclosure
b.
self-disclosure can be strategic, which means that disclosures are planned
c.
self-disclosure can be nonstrategic, which means that disclosures are spontaneous
d.
stranger on the train refers to instances in which people reveal personal information to complete strangers in public places
4.
A.
AP Abnormal Psych
1. Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear or anxiety that interferes with daily functioning. They differ from ordinary worries in their severity, frequency and impact.
2. Common anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Each has distinct symptoms but all involve disproportionate fear responses.
3. Potential causes of anxiety disorders include biological factors like neurotransmitter imbalances, genetic predispositions or brain abnormalities. Psychological theories also point to learned fears from conditioning or repressed unconscious urges.
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...Hafiz Muhammad Huzaifah Punjani
The research report Presentation addresses the stigma related to the mental health in our society. This study was intended to increase understanding of peoples’ views of mental illness by developing and administering measures of knowledge and attitudes of people toward mental illnesses.
The research conducted through questionnaires regarding the mental health stigma is reviewed and analyzed that indicates that the majority of the general public holds negative stereotypes towards people with psychological problems.
Hence, a model has been proposed to illustrate what are the peoples’ attitudes towards and knowledge about the mental health, why is it a taboo to talk about this topic, how can this stigma prevent the people from getting help for the psychological difficulties and solutions for reducing and dealing with the mental health stigma are discussed.
FAST-NU
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Miss sumarah rashid
Section: GR-4
Group members:
Taban Shaukat 16K3937
Huzaifah Punjani 16K3924
Anas Bin Faisal 16K4064
Abeer Zehra 16K4068
Maria Ahmed 16K4058
Similar to Question 5Discuss Big Pharma’s role in the diagnosis and tre.docx (12)
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning Outc
PSY 3140, Social Psychology 1 Course Learning Outc
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docx
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important t.docx
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docx
Week 4 Fallacies, Biases, and RhetoricJust as it is important to .docx
!!Business Ethics Rubric The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages.docx
!!Business Ethics Rubric The paper should be 5 - 6 Pages.docx
Assessment Should We Withhold Life The Martinez Case.docx
Assessment Should We Withhold Life The Martinez Case.docx
Part I. Match the term to its definition. The terms come from .docx
Part I. Match the term to its definition. The terms come from .docx
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
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plot
dialect
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Here’s What Happened . . .
Around 12:00 p.m. on September 13, 2004, Fred Smith walked across the road to Bill Jones's house to ask for a ride. Although it was almost fall, it was still very hot outside and Smith needed to pick up money in a neighboring town. Smith didn't want to walk from Centervale to Roan County, so he offered to pay Jones $20.00 for gas and his time to drive Smith to pick up his money. Jones accepted Smith's offer; however, Jones told Smith that he had to pick up a friend at a car repair shop along the way. Jones and Smith drove to Thrifty Repair Shop and picked up Jones's friend, Roger Fish. Fish was not in a hurry that day, so he agreed to ride with the pair to pick up Smith's money.
The trio arrived at 200 S. Railroad Street, Brysonton, Roan County, AnyState. Smith exited the car and told Jones and Fish to wait in the car. As Smith walked toward the front of the residence, he yelled to the occupants inside, "You got some weed?" "Yeah," Raynard Jenkins replied from inside the residence. Jenkins greeted Smith at the door and asked him, "What you got?" Smith pulled out a Ruger SP101 .357 Magnum and shot Jenkins in the chest at point-blank range.
As Jenkins was falling toward the ground, Bob Marshall, a local drug dealer, jumped up from the corner of the couch, dropped a large bag of cocaine on the floor, and ran into the kitchen and out the back door. Smith chased Marshall, shot at him twice, but missed him. Smith ran back to the car and yelled to Jones, "Punch it! He tried to smoke (kill) me." The group sped away in a brown Ford Taurus, but were pulled over by Deputy R. W. Dunn approximately five miles from the scene. After coming to a complete stop, Jones threw the gun onto the rear floorboard of the car, next to Fish.
Deputy Dunn approached the car, asked the men to exit the car, and detained them to await another officer's arrival. When the officer was brought to the location where the men were being detained, a witness who saw the shooting identified Jones as the shooter. Smith, Jones, and Fish were arrested, transported to the Roan County Sheriff's Office for additional questioning, and booked into jail on first-degree murder charges.
The Investigation . . .
State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) Special Agent (SA) Pete Moss arrived at the scene at 200 S. Railroad Street, Brysonton, Roan County, AnyState, with CSI and SBI SA April Pearson at 1:03 p.m. to assist the Sheriff's Office with investigating the murder of Jenkins and the attempted murder of Marshall. SA Pearson interviewed key witnesses who lived in the immediate area within proximity of the crime scene, while SA Moss began drafting a search warrant. Although the Sheriff's Office had secured the scene around the house, SA Pearson secured an additional larger area that extended into the street. Both the interior and exterior barriers were secured with crime.
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