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Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms arranged in a continuous framework of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra. It exists in two forms, alpha-quartz and high-temperature beta-quartz. Quartz undergoes an abrupt transformation between these two forms at 573 degrees Celsius. It is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust after feldspar. There are several colored varieties of quartz described, including rose quartz, amethyst, citrine, and smoky quartz.















