pHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL pROPERTIES

1. QUARTZ

2. Quartz
• Quartz is one of the most famous minerals on the earth. It occurs in essentially all
mineral environments, and is the crucial constituent of many rocks. It is likewise the
maximum varied of all minerals, taking place in all distinct habits, and colorings. There
are more range names given to Quartz than any other mineral.
• It is the maximum abundant and widely allotted mineral determined at Earth’s surface. It
is abundant all over the arena.

3. Quartz Physical Properties
Che
mic
al
Clas
sific
atio
n
Silic
ate
Colo
r
Qua
rtz
occu
rs in
virtu
ally
ever
y
colo
r.
Com
mon
colo
rs
are
clea
r,
whit
e,
gray
,
purp
le,
yello
w,
bro
wn,
blac
k,
pink,
gree
n,
red.
Stre
ak
Colo
rless
(har
der
than
the
strea
k
plate
)
Lust
er
Vitr
eous
Diap
hane
ity
Tran
spar
ent
to
trans
luce
nt
Clea
vage
Non
e –
typic
ally
brea
ks
with
a
conc
hoid
al
fract
ure
Moh
s
Har
dnes
s
7
Spec
ific
Gra
vity
2.6
to
2.7
Diag
nosti
c
Pro
pert
ies
Con
choi
dal
fract
ure,
glass
y
luste
r,
hard
ness
Che
mic
al
Co
mpo
sitio
n
SiO2
Cry
stal
Syst
em
Hex
agon
al
Uses
Glas
s
maki
ng,
abra
sive,
foun
dry
sand
,
hydr
aulic
fract
urin
g
prop
pant,
gem
ston
es
C
he
m
ic
al
Cl
as
sif
ic
at
io
n
Si
lic
at
e
C
ol
or
Q
ua
rtz
oc
cu
rs
in
vi
rt
ua
lly
ev
er
y
co
lo
r.
C
o
m
m
on
co
lo
rs
ar
e
cl
ea
r,
w
hit
e,
gr
ay
,
pu
rp
le,
ye
llo
w,
br
o
w
n,
bl
ac
k,
pi
nk
,
gr
ee
n,
re
d.
St
re
a
k
C
ol
or
le
ss
(h
ar
de
r
th
an
th
e
str
ea
k
pl
at
e)
L
us
te
r
Vi
tre
ou
s
Di
a
p
h
a
ne
it
y
Tr
an
sp
ar
en
t
to
tra
ns
lu
ce
nt
Chemical Classification Silicate
Color
Quartz occurs in virtually every color. Common colors are clear,
white, gray, purple, yellow, brown, black, pink, green, red.
Streak Colorless (harder than the streak plate)
Luster Vitreous
Diaphaneity Transparent to translucent
Cleavage None – typically breaks with a conchoidal fracture
Mohs Hardness 7
Specific Gravity 2.6 to 2.7
Diagnostic Properties Conchoidal fracture, glassy luster, hardness
Chemical Composition SiO2
Crystal System Hexagonal
Uses
Glass making, abrasive, foundry sand, hydraulic fracturing
proppant, gemstones

4. FELDSPAR GROUP MINERALS
• Feldspar is the name of a large organization of rock-forming silicate
minerals that make up over 50% of Earth’s crust. They are discovered
in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in all components of
the sector. Feldspar minerals have very comparable structures,
chemical compositions, and bodily properties. Common feldspars
consist of orthoclase (KAlSi3O8), albite (NaAlSi3O8), and anorthite
(CaAl2Si2O8).

5. Physical Properties of Feldspar Minerals
Chemical Classification Silicate
Color
Usually white, pink, gray or brown. Also colorless, yellow, orange, red, black, blue,
green.
Streak White
Luster Vitreous. Pearly on some cleavage faces.
Diaphaneity Usually translucent to opaque. Rarely transparent.
Cleavage
Perfect in two directions. Cleavage planes usually intersect at or close to a 90
degree angle.
Mohs Hardness 6 to 6.5
Specific Gravity 2.5 to 2.8
Diagnostic Properties
Perfect cleavage, with cleavage faces usually intersecting at or close to 90 degrees.
Consistent hardness, specific gravity and pearly luster on cleavage faces.
Chemical Composition
A generalized chemical composition of X(Al,Si)4O8, where X is usually
potassium, sodium, or calcium, but rarely can be barium, rubidium, or strontium.
Crystal System Triclinic, monoclinic
Uses
Crushed and powdered feldspar are important raw materials for the manufacture of
plate glass, container glass, ceramic products, paints, plastics and many other
products. Varieties of orthoclase, labradorite, oligoclase, microcline and other
feldspar minerals have been cut and used as faceted and cabochon gems.

6. MICA GROUP MINERALS
• Mica, any of a collection of hydrous potassium, aluminum silicate
minerals. It is a kind of phyllosilicate, showing a -dimensional sheet or
layer structure. Among the most important rock-forming minerals,
micas are located in all 3 foremost rock types—igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic.

7. Properties of Mica Group Minerals
Color
Purple, rosy, , gray (lepidolite)Dark green, brown, black (biotite)Yellowish-brown,
green-white (phlogopite)Colorless, transparent (muscovite)
Cleavage Perfect
Fracture Flaky
Mohs scale hardness 2.5–4 (lepidolite)2.5–3 biotite2.5–3 phlogopite2–2.5 muscovite
Luster Pearly, vitreous
Streak White, colorless
Specific gravity 2.8–3.0
Diagnostic features Cleavage