A series of questions were provided on the topic of questioned document examination. The questions covered 3 main topics: 1) the role and relevance of questioned document examiners in crime detection, 2) scientific methods for identifying and examining questionable documents, and 3) instruments used in document examination. The questions aimed to test knowledge on procedures, techniques, types of evidence analyzed, and tools utilized by forensic document examiners.
The document discusses questioned documents and provides definitions and examples of different types of questioned documents. It covers two levels of information that can be obtained from documents - superficial and deeper evidence. It also lists different types of evidence that can be analyzed from documents, including identifying the author or determining authenticity. The document provides a brief history of the field and discusses tools and techniques used in analysis, such as ultraviolet light, infrared examination, video spectral comparator, and electrostatic detection apparatus.
This chapter provides an overview of forensic document examination. It defines forensic science as the application of scientific techniques to legal investigations. Forensic document examination specifically involves the scientific examination of questioned documents to determine their authenticity, origin, and history. The PNP Questioned Document Examination Division examines questioned documents and provides expert testimony in court. A forensic document examiner studies all aspects of a document, including handwriting, signatures, paper and ink analysis, to determine facts about its preparation and history.
The document outlines 7 classes of questioned documents that handwriting experts commonly examine:
1) Documents with questioned signatures or thumb impressions like checks or contracts
2) Documents with alleged fraudulent alterations through erasures, additions, or substitutions
3) Holograph documents where the entire authorship is questioned like letters or certificates
4) Documents where the age or date is questioned
5) Documents where the materials used like paper, ink, or typeface are questioned
6) Documents investigated based on typewriting to determine the source, date, or alterations
7) Documents identified through anonymous or disputed handwriting like letters
The expert analyzes each document and compares the questioned areas to standards to
This document discusses questioned document examination, which analyzes documents with suspicious authenticity using scientific methods. It outlines the history and methodology of the field, including the ACE method of analysis, comparison, and evaluation. Common types of questioned documents that may be examined include wills, checks, agreements, receipts, ID cards, licenses, currency notes, and suicide notes.
This PPT explains you that how a single signature of an individual helps to gain knowledge of Individual's personality,emotions, behaviour etc. It also explains that how to recognize forged signatures.
Shivangi
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow
REVIEWER IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION.pptxRandyPellazar
This document provides an overview of different types of documents that may be examined by a questioned document examiner, including public documents, official documents, private documents, commercial documents, and questioned or disputed documents. It discusses signatures, different types of forgeries (simple, simulated, traced), and examines physiological factors and characteristics related to handwriting identification. Key areas covered include the development of handwriting, writing movements, recognizing characteristics like slant, size, proportion, connections between letters, and variations. The document also discusses factors examined in questioned documents like alterations, erasures, and identification through handwriting analysis and comparison to known standards.
The document discusses various techniques used in handwriting and document analysis. It covers topics such as historical dating of documents, fraud investigation, analysis of paper/ink, techniques for examining forgeries and alterations, and comparing handwriting samples. The core techniques include analyzing characteristics of handwriting style, paper fibers, ink composition, indentations, and marks from copying/printing devices. The goal is to determine the authenticity and origin of questioned documents through scientific examination and comparison with known samples.
The document discusses questioned documents and provides definitions and examples of different types of questioned documents. It covers two levels of information that can be obtained from documents - superficial and deeper evidence. It also lists different types of evidence that can be analyzed from documents, including identifying the author or determining authenticity. The document provides a brief history of the field and discusses tools and techniques used in analysis, such as ultraviolet light, infrared examination, video spectral comparator, and electrostatic detection apparatus.
This chapter provides an overview of forensic document examination. It defines forensic science as the application of scientific techniques to legal investigations. Forensic document examination specifically involves the scientific examination of questioned documents to determine their authenticity, origin, and history. The PNP Questioned Document Examination Division examines questioned documents and provides expert testimony in court. A forensic document examiner studies all aspects of a document, including handwriting, signatures, paper and ink analysis, to determine facts about its preparation and history.
The document outlines 7 classes of questioned documents that handwriting experts commonly examine:
1) Documents with questioned signatures or thumb impressions like checks or contracts
2) Documents with alleged fraudulent alterations through erasures, additions, or substitutions
3) Holograph documents where the entire authorship is questioned like letters or certificates
4) Documents where the age or date is questioned
5) Documents where the materials used like paper, ink, or typeface are questioned
6) Documents investigated based on typewriting to determine the source, date, or alterations
7) Documents identified through anonymous or disputed handwriting like letters
The expert analyzes each document and compares the questioned areas to standards to
This document discusses questioned document examination, which analyzes documents with suspicious authenticity using scientific methods. It outlines the history and methodology of the field, including the ACE method of analysis, comparison, and evaluation. Common types of questioned documents that may be examined include wills, checks, agreements, receipts, ID cards, licenses, currency notes, and suicide notes.
This PPT explains you that how a single signature of an individual helps to gain knowledge of Individual's personality,emotions, behaviour etc. It also explains that how to recognize forged signatures.
Shivangi
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow
REVIEWER IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION.pptxRandyPellazar
This document provides an overview of different types of documents that may be examined by a questioned document examiner, including public documents, official documents, private documents, commercial documents, and questioned or disputed documents. It discusses signatures, different types of forgeries (simple, simulated, traced), and examines physiological factors and characteristics related to handwriting identification. Key areas covered include the development of handwriting, writing movements, recognizing characteristics like slant, size, proportion, connections between letters, and variations. The document also discusses factors examined in questioned documents like alterations, erasures, and identification through handwriting analysis and comparison to known standards.
The document discusses various techniques used in handwriting and document analysis. It covers topics such as historical dating of documents, fraud investigation, analysis of paper/ink, techniques for examining forgeries and alterations, and comparing handwriting samples. The core techniques include analyzing characteristics of handwriting style, paper fibers, ink composition, indentations, and marks from copying/printing devices. The goal is to determine the authenticity and origin of questioned documents through scientific examination and comparison with known samples.
Questioned document analysis examines physical evidence from documents like handwriting, typewriting, photocopies, and ink to determine authenticity or identify forgeries. Characteristics like defects in typewriter parts or marks from printer components can be matched between documents. Security features in currency and documents include microprinting, security threads, and special inks. Forgeries are categorized as traced, simulated, freehand, or lifted depending on the method used. Handwriting analysis examines unique writing habits and patterns to determine authorship.
1) Manual typewriters produce identifiable characteristics over time such as misaligned or damaged letters that can be used to match documents to a specific machine.
2) Electric typewriters use either a daisy wheel or golf ball to print letters, which deteriorate with use and produce flaws that appear across documents from the same machine.
3) Printers are more difficult to trace to a specific device than typewriters, but laser printers may transfer tiny scratches that offer identifying evidence.
This document discusses crimes against persons under Philippine law. It defines and distinguishes between different crimes such as parricide, murder, homicide, infanticide, abortion, physical injuries, rape, and recent laws passed to address sexual harassment and child abuse. For crimes resulting in death, the key differences are intent to kill and the relationship between the victim and offender. For non-fatal crimes, the document outlines how the level of injury (slight, less serious, serious) determines the applicable crime. It provides elements and other details to distinguish between similar crimes like rape, statutory rape, and seduction.
This document provides an overview of the history and key figures in the field of questioned document examination. It discusses important cases that helped establish the field and define scientific methods. The document outlines ten influential personalities in questioned document examination, including Albert Sherman Osborn who is considered the founder of the field. It also summarizes four famous cases involving disputed documents, including the John Magnuson bombing case from 1922, the Arthur Perry murder case from 1937, the Hitler Diaries fraud from 1981, and the Graham Backhouse attempted murder case from 1984.
The document provides guidance on taking legible fingerprints. It describes fingerprint patterns such as loops, whorls and arches. It explains how to take rolled fingerprints by rolling each finger from nail to nail. Plain impressions should be taken simultaneously at a 45 degree angle. The quality of fingerprints should be checked for clarity, completeness and correct positioning in rolled and plain blocks. Notations should be made for any missing fingerprints and certain abnormalities. All required fields must be completed for criminal and civil submissions to avoid rejection.
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
This document provides an overview of forgery, including its definition, types of forgery, elements that constitute forgery, common punishments, and an example. It defines forgery as making or altering objects, documents, or statistics with the intent to deceive or profit from altered public perception. The document outlines the key elements of forgery as making, altering, using or possessing a forged item that has legal standing and undergone material alteration. It also lists common types of forgery such as signature and prescription forgery. An example given is of art forger David Stein, who spent 22 years in jail for selling forged paintings he claimed were made by famous artists.
This document discusses forgery and its types. It defines forgery as falsely making or altering a writing that affects another person's legal rights or obligations, whether or not it includes the forger's name. The main types of forgery discussed are check fraud, counterfeiting paper money and identity documents, credit card theft, and contract alterations. Methods of forgery include simulated forgery by copying a genuine signature, traced forgery by tracing a genuine signature, and blind forgery of signatures that do not exist.
This document defines key terms related to questioned document examination. It explains that a document becomes questioned when aspects of its authenticity are under scrutiny. Questioned documents can be disputed or not disputed. The examination of questioned documents involves both criminalistic examination to detect forgeries and alterations, as well as handwriting identification to determine authorship, which requires extensive study and experience. The scientific process involves analyzing, comparing, and evaluating characteristics and properties between questioned and known documents.
The document provides information about criminology education and the criminologist licensure examination in the Philippines. It discusses that criminology was first offered as a course at Plaridel College (now Philippine College of Criminology) and the City College of Manila (now Universidad de Manila). It also outlines the history and establishment of the Board of Examiners for Criminology through Republic Act 6506 in 1972. The document details the qualifications for the board members, scope of the licensure examination across six subject areas, and requirements to pass the examination.
Document and handwriting analysis involves examining questioned documents to determine authenticity or identify authors. This includes analyzing handwriting style, ink, paper, and other physical evidence. Experts compare unknown writing samples to known samples and consider characteristics like letter formation, word spacing, pen pressure. Methods are also used to detect alterations to documents through microscopic analysis, light examination, or chemical analysis. Famous forgery cases throughout history provide examples of different forgery techniques analyzed by experts.
Here are some steps a leader could take to address this situation and keep the committee together:
1. Call an emergency meeting with representatives from both groups to discuss the issue openly and respectfully. Make it clear that walking away is not an option and all perspectives are valued.
2. Actively listen to understand each group's perspective without judgment. Seek common ground and shared goals for empowering youth.
3. Propose conducting initial research in a limited timeframe to help inform planning, with clear reporting of findings to the full committee. Compromise may be needed.
4. Emphasize that the committee's strength relies on diversity of views and ages. Remind all that the focus should be on serving youth
fingerprint classification systems Henry and NCICKUL2700
This document discusses two fingerprint classification systems - the Henry System and the NCIC System. The Henry System uses symbols written on fingerprint cards to categorize fingerprints into six divisions - primary, secondary, small letter group secondary, sub-secondary, key, and major. The NCIC System uses two-letter or number codes above the fingerprint boxes to classify prints. Both systems aim to facilitate filing and retrieving fingerprint records in manual and electronic databases.
Alteration is defined as any change to a document which gives it a different effect from
that it originally possessed. If change is made after execution of a document and without
the consent of the other party or concerned person, then such change is called fraudulent
alteration. Document examiners must be able to identify documents that were altered to change the conditions of a contract or other legal entity.
Alterations can take the form of erasures and replacement and/or insertion of material into a document.
This document discusses different types of forgery including:
1. Free hand forgery which involves copying a model signature without direct tracing.
2. Transplantation forgery which is transferring a signature or image from one document to another, often using computers or photocopying to commit fraud.
3. Forgery over a genuine signature which alters an original document signed legitimately to deceive the signer, such as changing amounts on a check.
Detection methods include examining paper fibers, ink, handwriting style, and instrument marks to determine if a signature or document has been tampered with or forged. Forensic analysis plays an important role in uncovering forgery attempts.
Questioned documents are any objects whose authenticity is in doubt, including handwritten or typed documents. Forensic document examination uses scientific analysis to examine questioned documents and provide evidence about their authenticity. Common types of questioned documents include wills, checks, agreements, and passports. Document examiners analyze aspects like handwriting, signatures, paper, ink, printers, and impressions to determine if a document has been altered or forged. This helps determine the legitimacy of documents in legal cases.
Firing marks left on bullets and cartridge cases can be used to identify the firearm used. There are several types of marks including:
1. Rifling marks on the bullet from the grooves in the barrel. These marks are unique to each gun.
2. Firing pin marks on the primer from the firing pin striking it. Imperfections in the firing pin can be transferred.
3. Breech face marks on the cartridge from the cartridge striking the breech face on firing. Imperfections are imprinted.
4. Extractor and ejector marks on the cartridge case from the mechanisms removing the spent case from the firearm.
The document discusses standards required for handwriting comparisons. It states that collected standards, which are genuine documents written naturally, are preferred over request standards which are written at the request of investigators. It provides guidance on obtaining adequate samples, including getting 20-25 signatures or 4-5 handwritten pages and samples within 2-3 years unless health has changed. When getting request standards, the writer should be dictated to, the writing conditions duplicated, and the questioned writing kept isolated to avoid influencing the samples.
This document provides an overview of criminal investigation and identification. It discusses the goals of criminal investigation as identifying, locating, and providing evidence of guilt of the offender. The primary job of an investigator is to determine what offense was committed by answering who, what, when, where, why, and how. Identification of criminals can occur through confession, eyewitness testimony, circumstantial evidence, associative evidence, or modus operandi. Gathering evidence and using tools like interviews, interrogation, and instrumentation are also discussed.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
This document is an application form for the Civil Service Examination in the Philippines. It requests information from applicants such as personal details, educational background, employment history, and eligibility. The form provides instructions on the application process and requirements. Applicants must fill out the form in its entirety and submit it along with identification documents and fees to the appropriate Civil Service Commission office. Qualified applicants will then receive further instructions on taking the examination.
Questioned document analysis examines physical evidence from documents like handwriting, typewriting, photocopies, and ink to determine authenticity or identify forgeries. Characteristics like defects in typewriter parts or marks from printer components can be matched between documents. Security features in currency and documents include microprinting, security threads, and special inks. Forgeries are categorized as traced, simulated, freehand, or lifted depending on the method used. Handwriting analysis examines unique writing habits and patterns to determine authorship.
1) Manual typewriters produce identifiable characteristics over time such as misaligned or damaged letters that can be used to match documents to a specific machine.
2) Electric typewriters use either a daisy wheel or golf ball to print letters, which deteriorate with use and produce flaws that appear across documents from the same machine.
3) Printers are more difficult to trace to a specific device than typewriters, but laser printers may transfer tiny scratches that offer identifying evidence.
This document discusses crimes against persons under Philippine law. It defines and distinguishes between different crimes such as parricide, murder, homicide, infanticide, abortion, physical injuries, rape, and recent laws passed to address sexual harassment and child abuse. For crimes resulting in death, the key differences are intent to kill and the relationship between the victim and offender. For non-fatal crimes, the document outlines how the level of injury (slight, less serious, serious) determines the applicable crime. It provides elements and other details to distinguish between similar crimes like rape, statutory rape, and seduction.
This document provides an overview of the history and key figures in the field of questioned document examination. It discusses important cases that helped establish the field and define scientific methods. The document outlines ten influential personalities in questioned document examination, including Albert Sherman Osborn who is considered the founder of the field. It also summarizes four famous cases involving disputed documents, including the John Magnuson bombing case from 1922, the Arthur Perry murder case from 1937, the Hitler Diaries fraud from 1981, and the Graham Backhouse attempted murder case from 1984.
The document provides guidance on taking legible fingerprints. It describes fingerprint patterns such as loops, whorls and arches. It explains how to take rolled fingerprints by rolling each finger from nail to nail. Plain impressions should be taken simultaneously at a 45 degree angle. The quality of fingerprints should be checked for clarity, completeness and correct positioning in rolled and plain blocks. Notations should be made for any missing fingerprints and certain abnormalities. All required fields must be completed for criminal and civil submissions to avoid rejection.
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
This document provides an overview of forgery, including its definition, types of forgery, elements that constitute forgery, common punishments, and an example. It defines forgery as making or altering objects, documents, or statistics with the intent to deceive or profit from altered public perception. The document outlines the key elements of forgery as making, altering, using or possessing a forged item that has legal standing and undergone material alteration. It also lists common types of forgery such as signature and prescription forgery. An example given is of art forger David Stein, who spent 22 years in jail for selling forged paintings he claimed were made by famous artists.
This document discusses forgery and its types. It defines forgery as falsely making or altering a writing that affects another person's legal rights or obligations, whether or not it includes the forger's name. The main types of forgery discussed are check fraud, counterfeiting paper money and identity documents, credit card theft, and contract alterations. Methods of forgery include simulated forgery by copying a genuine signature, traced forgery by tracing a genuine signature, and blind forgery of signatures that do not exist.
This document defines key terms related to questioned document examination. It explains that a document becomes questioned when aspects of its authenticity are under scrutiny. Questioned documents can be disputed or not disputed. The examination of questioned documents involves both criminalistic examination to detect forgeries and alterations, as well as handwriting identification to determine authorship, which requires extensive study and experience. The scientific process involves analyzing, comparing, and evaluating characteristics and properties between questioned and known documents.
The document provides information about criminology education and the criminologist licensure examination in the Philippines. It discusses that criminology was first offered as a course at Plaridel College (now Philippine College of Criminology) and the City College of Manila (now Universidad de Manila). It also outlines the history and establishment of the Board of Examiners for Criminology through Republic Act 6506 in 1972. The document details the qualifications for the board members, scope of the licensure examination across six subject areas, and requirements to pass the examination.
Document and handwriting analysis involves examining questioned documents to determine authenticity or identify authors. This includes analyzing handwriting style, ink, paper, and other physical evidence. Experts compare unknown writing samples to known samples and consider characteristics like letter formation, word spacing, pen pressure. Methods are also used to detect alterations to documents through microscopic analysis, light examination, or chemical analysis. Famous forgery cases throughout history provide examples of different forgery techniques analyzed by experts.
Here are some steps a leader could take to address this situation and keep the committee together:
1. Call an emergency meeting with representatives from both groups to discuss the issue openly and respectfully. Make it clear that walking away is not an option and all perspectives are valued.
2. Actively listen to understand each group's perspective without judgment. Seek common ground and shared goals for empowering youth.
3. Propose conducting initial research in a limited timeframe to help inform planning, with clear reporting of findings to the full committee. Compromise may be needed.
4. Emphasize that the committee's strength relies on diversity of views and ages. Remind all that the focus should be on serving youth
fingerprint classification systems Henry and NCICKUL2700
This document discusses two fingerprint classification systems - the Henry System and the NCIC System. The Henry System uses symbols written on fingerprint cards to categorize fingerprints into six divisions - primary, secondary, small letter group secondary, sub-secondary, key, and major. The NCIC System uses two-letter or number codes above the fingerprint boxes to classify prints. Both systems aim to facilitate filing and retrieving fingerprint records in manual and electronic databases.
Alteration is defined as any change to a document which gives it a different effect from
that it originally possessed. If change is made after execution of a document and without
the consent of the other party or concerned person, then such change is called fraudulent
alteration. Document examiners must be able to identify documents that were altered to change the conditions of a contract or other legal entity.
Alterations can take the form of erasures and replacement and/or insertion of material into a document.
This document discusses different types of forgery including:
1. Free hand forgery which involves copying a model signature without direct tracing.
2. Transplantation forgery which is transferring a signature or image from one document to another, often using computers or photocopying to commit fraud.
3. Forgery over a genuine signature which alters an original document signed legitimately to deceive the signer, such as changing amounts on a check.
Detection methods include examining paper fibers, ink, handwriting style, and instrument marks to determine if a signature or document has been tampered with or forged. Forensic analysis plays an important role in uncovering forgery attempts.
Questioned documents are any objects whose authenticity is in doubt, including handwritten or typed documents. Forensic document examination uses scientific analysis to examine questioned documents and provide evidence about their authenticity. Common types of questioned documents include wills, checks, agreements, and passports. Document examiners analyze aspects like handwriting, signatures, paper, ink, printers, and impressions to determine if a document has been altered or forged. This helps determine the legitimacy of documents in legal cases.
Firing marks left on bullets and cartridge cases can be used to identify the firearm used. There are several types of marks including:
1. Rifling marks on the bullet from the grooves in the barrel. These marks are unique to each gun.
2. Firing pin marks on the primer from the firing pin striking it. Imperfections in the firing pin can be transferred.
3. Breech face marks on the cartridge from the cartridge striking the breech face on firing. Imperfections are imprinted.
4. Extractor and ejector marks on the cartridge case from the mechanisms removing the spent case from the firearm.
The document discusses standards required for handwriting comparisons. It states that collected standards, which are genuine documents written naturally, are preferred over request standards which are written at the request of investigators. It provides guidance on obtaining adequate samples, including getting 20-25 signatures or 4-5 handwritten pages and samples within 2-3 years unless health has changed. When getting request standards, the writer should be dictated to, the writing conditions duplicated, and the questioned writing kept isolated to avoid influencing the samples.
This document provides an overview of criminal investigation and identification. It discusses the goals of criminal investigation as identifying, locating, and providing evidence of guilt of the offender. The primary job of an investigator is to determine what offense was committed by answering who, what, when, where, why, and how. Identification of criminals can occur through confession, eyewitness testimony, circumstantial evidence, associative evidence, or modus operandi. Gathering evidence and using tools like interviews, interrogation, and instrumentation are also discussed.
This document defines terms related to ethics, values, and conduct for public officials and employees in the Philippines according to Republic Act No. 6713. It includes 22 terms to define, such as crime, dishonesty, disloyalty to the government, and gift. It also discusses the core values of the Philippine National Police (PNP), including love of God, respect for authority, and service to people. The document outlines ethical standards, customs, ceremonies and traditions of the PNP regarding professional conduct, discipline, secrecy, and courtesy.
This document is an application form for the Civil Service Examination in the Philippines. It requests information from applicants such as personal details, educational background, employment history, and eligibility. The form provides instructions on the application process and requirements. Applicants must fill out the form in its entirety and submit it along with identification documents and fees to the appropriate Civil Service Commission office. Qualified applicants will then receive further instructions on taking the examination.
This memorandum of agreement is between an educational institution and a government office. It establishes an on-the-job training program where the educational institution's students will undergo training at the government office. The agreement outlines the responsibilities of both parties, including screening and supervising students, providing training and certificates of completion. It also clarifies that students are not employees, and establishes rules for the program duration, termination, liability, and interpretation under Philippine law.
The document summarizes the revised rules of criminal procedure in the Philippines regarding the prosecution of offenses. It outlines rules for instituting criminal actions through complaints or informations, defines complaints and informations, specifies who may prosecute criminal actions, and establishes requirements for complaints and informations such as stating the accused's name, designation of the offense, acts constituting the offense, place and approximate date of commission, and name of the offended party. It also addresses issues like amending complaints or informations, where criminal actions are to be instituted, and jurisdiction over offenses committed in transit.
The document is an application form for admission to the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA). It requests basic personal information such as name, age, address, education history, and physical attributes. It also provides instructions for applicants, including qualification requirements to apply. Applicants must be natural born Filipinos, single with no obligations, and between ages 17-21. They must meet physical fitness and medical standards. The application deadline is September 24, 2012 for the admission test on October 28, 2012.
The document discusses classifications of dangerous drugs according to their effects, dividing them into depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Some key drugs mentioned include morphine and barbiturates as depressants, amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine as stimulants, and marijuana, peyote, and psilocybin as hallucinogens. Each drug's medical uses and effects on the body and mind are briefly described.
1. SERIES OF QUESTIONS
TOPIC I:
Topic I Know/discuss the relevance and role of questioned document
examiners in crime detection
Q1 :
Q1 A document examiner with a good collection of typewriting samples can
often date a typewritten document by the difference in type. This is due to
the fact that typewriters change in design every year the presence of
differing n and m designs between 1936 and 1940 the presence of differing
m and w designs between 1936 and 1940 typewriters changed between
1936 and 1940 answer
Q2:
Q2 They claim to be capable of interpreting the character or personality of
the writer by supposed traits left behind in the written line. a. forensic
document examiners b. graphologists c. grapho -analysts d. both b and c
answer
Q3 :
Q3 A handwriting identification expert follows the same procedure as that
of a criminalistic examiner in conducting questioned document examination.
a. true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q4 :
Q4 Qualified individuals spend up to _____ years in formal training before
they are permitted to offer testimony in their forensic discipline. a. 10 years
b. 5 years c. 2 years d. 15 years answer
Q5 :
Q5 One of the following is not part of the duty of a questioned document
examiner. Prepare photographic exhibits and other visual aids for court
presentations and other training purposes Conduct research in new
methodologies and techniques in the examination of questioned documents
To deduce the character of the writer Prepare reports, correspondence and
other required paperwork answer
Q6 :
Q6 One of the main objectives in conducting questioned document
examination is Identify accurately who the guilty party is Determine if a
document is forged or not Determine authenticity of a document determine
the kind of materials used in executing the document answer
2. Q7 :
Q7 These forensic examiners apply scientific principles and methodologies
to the examination and analysis of evidence. They may perform physical or
chemical analyses on documents.. a. forensic document examiners b.
graphologists c. grapho -analysts d. both b and c answer
Q8 :
Q8 This class of QDE utilizes more equipment and training usually is limited
to determining what equipment to use on a particular case and how to use
these equipment a. criminalistic examination b. criminalistic identification c.
handwriting examination d. handwriting identification answer
Q9:
Q9 Due to lack of university degree programs in forensic document
examination, Forensic Document Examiners must acquire their skills,
competency, and experience through a degree in a related bachelor program
police officer training courses on-the-job, apprentice-type training by
accepted masters of the trade post-graduate studies on related fields
answer
Q10 :
Q10 One of the most difficult determinations which the
attorney/investigator must make in the selection of an expert, is that
expert's track record for correct opinions. This is due to the fact that he is
not impartial in the correctness of his opinions opposing experts seldom
give totally accurate evaluations of their competitors experts are often
prone to bribery by parties in order to alter their exam results both a and b
answer
Q11 :
Q11 It is an international professional association dealing with questioned
documents. American Academy of Forensic Sciences The Southern
Association of Forensic Scientists International Association for Identification
All of the above answer
Q12:
Q12 Most crime laboratories require that new Questioned Document
Examiner candidates possess a. post-graduate degree b. master’s thesis c.
baccalaureate degree d. doctoral dissertation answer
Q13:
Q13 Courts often encounter situations where graphologists conduct
document analysis of their own, leaning upon past experience, such as it is,
with handwriting analysis as a qualification for an unrelated examination. a.
true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q14:
3. Q14 The Questioned Document Examiner Trainee generally bases his
expertise from formal schooling in accredited universities and colleges. a.
true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q15:
Q15 Questioned Document Examiners and graphologists both study
handwriting samples to deduce the character of the writers. a. true b. false
c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
TOPIC II:
Topic II Know/apply the scientific methods of identifying and examining
questionable documents that includes typewriting, computerized documents
and other modern forms printing
Q16:
Q16 One of them is not a point to consider in preparing typewriting
standards Use the same wordings as in the questioned document if possible
Dictate the text of the standard document to avoid memory recall Employ
different degrees and speed of typing Utilize the same or similar quality of
paper answer
Q17:
Q17 The following are techniques utilized in typewriting identification,
except a. measure the typeface b. verify the size and design c. check for
indentations d. look for typeface defects answer
Q18:
Q18 Documents maybe folded if it is too large. a. true b. false c. maybe true
or false d. neither true nor false answer
Q19:
Q19 Questioned Documents should be examined by the investigator
immediately after he recovers them. a. true b. false c. maybe true or false d.
neither true nor false answer
Q20:
Q20 It is an effective method of detecting erasures because it can show
shadows on the surface of the paper caused by disturbed paper fibers. a.
direct lighting b. oblique lighting c. transmitted lighting d. x-ray lighting
answer
Q21:
Q21 Obliterations may be detected using this method using infrared
photography so that the original writing lying beneath is revealed remove
the obliterating material chemically or by some other means leaving the
original writing untouched studying the impression from the original writing
4. or typewriting that has not been destroyed by the obliterating action all of
the above answer
Q22:
Q22 In documents examination, it refers to the forger having trouble
matching the paper, ink, or writing instrument to the exact date it was
supposed to have been written. a. anachronism b. photography c. ink
coagulation d. time distortion answer
Q23:
Q23 An essential phase of handwriting identification that involves the
recognition of properties and/or characteristics of the handwriting through
observation, measurement, etc.. a. analysis b. comparison c. evaluation d.
all of the above answer
Q24:
Q24 The combination of these handwriting characteristics become the basis
of identifying a set of handwritings and trace them to their owners. a.
individual and class characteristics b. private and public characteristics c.
physical and mental characteristics d. technical and material characteristics
answer
Q25:
Q25 It is the identifying of similarities and dissimilarities, determination of
likelihood of occurrence, and weighing down of the significance of each
factor. Analysis Comparison Evaluation d. All of the above answer
Q26:
Q26 The determination of the fraudulent nature of a simple forgery becomes
very elementary once the suspected forger is arrested the genuine signature
of the person is obtained the carbon paper used is discovered the writing
instrument used is recovered answer
Q27:
Q27 Presence of carbon instead of ink is a telltale indication of this kind of
forgery. a. simple forgery b. simulation with model c. spurious signatures d.
traced forgery answer
Q28:
Q28 It is a method of comparison in the microscope where the images of
two specimen writings can be seen all at once one over the other. a. side by
side comparison b. juxtaposition c. superimposition d. single image
comparison answer
Q29:
Q29 This typewriter defect is brought about by clogged typefaces, poor
condition or worn-out or torn ribbon. a. transitory typeface defect b.
5. permanent typeface defect c. vertical malalignment d. tilted/twisted
characters answer
Q30:
Q30 Two typewriting characteristics can be considered the result of one
typewriter if there are glaring differences on all type characteristics there
are evident defects on the typefaces there are traces of carbon on each
typewritten document all type characteristics are identical on both
documents answer
Q31:
Q31 This class of QDE has more difficult procedures and requires long study
and experience. a. criminalistic examination b. criminalistic identification c.
handwriting examination d. handwriting identification answer
Q32:
Q32 All of the following are positions used in examining documents under
the forensic comparison microscope, except a . inverted position b.
juxtaposition c. side by side position d. superimposition answer
Q33:
Q33 . It is easy to detect a traced forgery of any form because it always
looks a. original b. graceful c. robotic d. free flowing answer
Q34:
Q34 One question that needs to be answered in the examination of
typewritten and computerized documents is whether two or more
documents are identical and were typed on the same machine? What kind of
paper was used in the execution of the document? Whether two kinds of
pen was used on the same document? Whether the signature is authentic or
not? answer
Q35:
Q35 The best special lighting that can be used in detecting obliterated or
chemically erased writings is a. ultra-violet b. x-ray c. infrared d. sunlight
answer
Q36:
Q36 . It is very helpful particularly in presenting the facts of the document
examination to a court or any investigative body or agency. a.
chromatography b. photography c. cartography d. polygraphy answer
Q37:
Q37 This process of UV photography consist of illuminating the subject with
an ultraviolet lamp or any light source emitting UV radiations, while
excluding all visible light in exposing energy. a. Fluorescent Method b.
Incandescent Method c. Reflected Method d. Refracted Method answer
6. Q38:
Q38 It is the branch of photography dealing with reproduction of copies of
documents at a greatly reduced scale on small film sizes, often used in
certain commercial records system. a. Macrophotography b.
Microphotography c. Photomicrography d. Photomacrography answer
Q39:
Q39 It is a standard of comparison taken from files reflecting a person’s
daily routine activities. a. procured standard b. requested standard c.
collected standard d. both a & c answer
Q40:
Q40 It is imperative that the examiner dictate the contents of the writing he
intends the subject to write because Dictation will help the subject focus
more on his writing and will protect him from outside distractions Dictation
will establish closer contact between the examiner and the subject that will
improve cooperation between them. Copying the material will allow a guilty
subject to recall how he executed the previous writings particularly the
forged ones. Copying gives more stress to the writer as he will have to look
at the notes while writing, thereby throwing him out of focus. answer
Q41:
Q41 Usually by the time the investigator has received a questioned
document as evidence, it may have already been handled and mishandled by
several people who had prior custody to it. The investigator should not add
any additional contamination of his own. He should place the document
under a protective cover as soon as possible send the document to the crime
lab via mail let the prior handler of the document be responsible in taking
care of it put the document inside a duffle bag answer
Q42:
Q42 It is a general principle that applies to the number of comparison
standards that an examiner should be able to obtain. a. better late than
never b. more is better than less c. first come, first served d. kill or be killed
answer
Q43:
Q43 It refers to the operating habit of the typist which is also a significant
factor in determining typewritten documents. a. Typist hand b. operator’s
habits c. touch of the operator d. habits of the operator answer
Q44:
Q44 It is the objective of the periodic interruption of dictations when
obtaining requested standards. a. disrupt the writer b. destroy the
concentration c. break the momentum d. preserve the ink answer
7. Q45:
Q45 As much as possible, the subject should be made comfortable when
writing. This will prevent him from escaping from the custody of the
examiner and the police getting too exhausted from the lengthy writing
exercise distorting his writings, thereby unwittingly hiding his individual
writing characteristics making any alibi of discomfort when his distorted
writing is discovered and questioned answer
Q46:
Q46 The best types of standard samples are those made by the a. witness b.
police officer c. suspect d. victim answer
Q47:
Q47 These are standards given or made at the request of an investigator for
the sole purpose of making a comparative examination with the questioned
writing.. a. procured standard requested standard c. collected standard d.
both a & c answer
Q48:
Q48 Collected standards must be those executed with dates
contemporaneous with, or close to the date of the one questioned wherein
the courts usually accept ___ years before or after the questioned writing.
a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 answer
Q49:
Q49 They are used by the document examiner as the basis for his
identification or non-identification of the documents. a. standards of
comparison c. fraudulent document b. writing tool marks d. genuine
document answer
Q50:
Q50 An obvious, necessary change in a document often is not an evidence of
fraud, but of genuineness is not an evidence of genuiness , but of fraud
neither an evidence of fraud nor genuiness either an evidence of fraud or
genuiness answer
Q51:
Q51 Overwriting with a ball pen may not appear to be abnormal, but some
evidence of erasing probably will remain. This can generally be detected by
a. transmitted lighting b. direct lighting c. oblique lighting d. special lighting
answer
Q52:
Q52 It refers to the forger having trouble matching the paper, ink, or writing
instrument to the exact date it was supposed to have been written. a.
anachronism b. aromatism c. anarchism d. none of the above answer
8. Q53:
Q53 A rare, though not unheard of, alteration of a document can be
achieved by skillful cutting away of some portions and then inserting new
material to fill the gap. a. interlineations b. cutting c. addition d. substitution
answer
Q54:
Q54 The following are signs that may indicate addition, except a. paper fiber
disturbances b. lack of uniformity of ink c. crowding d. uneven margins
answer
Q55:
Q55 Insertion of an extra writing on a document after its original
preparation. a. interlineations b. cutting c. addition d. substitution answer
TOPIC III:
Topic III Analyze/familiarize with the different instruments used in
document examination
Q56:
Q56 A set of tools that can enlarge articles and writings for easier
examination a. basic measuring tools b. Magnification c. Light Sources d.
Photographic Equipment answer
Q57:
Q57 Light source from behind a document; this is best provided by a light
box that contains a fluorescent-type light bulb. a. x-ray b. transmitted light
c. infrared d. ultraviolet answer
Q58:
Q58 A microscope that helps determine whether fingerprints are underneath
the ink in a piece of paper, or on top of it. a. electron microscope b. forensic
comparison microscope c. stereoscopic microscope d. compound microscope
answer
Q59:
Q59 An electromagnetic wave of very short wavelength (between ultraviolet
and gamma rays), able to pass through many materials opaque to light and
are used to see through internal writings. a. x-ray b. transmitted light c.
infrared d. ultraviolet answer
Q60:
Q60 Is a piece of equipment commonly used to reveal indented impressions
on paper which may go unnoticed. It is a non-destructive technique (it does
not damage the evidence in question) thus allowing further tests to be
9. carried out. a. Meiji Trinocular Stereo-Microscope b. FX8B Forensic Optical
Comparator c. Electro-Static Detection Apparatus d Foster & Freeman VSC 4
answer
Q61:
Q61 It is a type of microscope where two documents can be viewed side-by-
side and the images positioned so that they appear to overlay each other. a.
electron microscope b. forensic comparison microscope c. stereoscopic
microscope d. compound microscope answer
Q62:
Q62 These are used for fine measurements and various glass alignment
plates allow comparison and measurement of angles, height, width, and
spacing of handwriting. a. basic measuring tools b. Magnification c. Light
Sources d. Photographic Equipment answer
Q63:
Q63 A photographic court exhibit designed to be held and examined by the
individual juror or a pair of jurors, or the judge. a. hand exhibit b. blown-up
exhibit c. cut-out exhibit d. photographic exhibit answer
Q64:
Q64 A magnifier eyepiece containing an engraved measurement scale which
allows to precisely measure what is viewed under the microscope a.
Comparison Microscope b. electron microscope c. Handheld magnifiers d.
Reticle answer
Q65:
Q65 Most examinations are done at this rate of magnification. a. 10x – 50x
c. 400x – 800x b. 100x – 200x d. 700x – 1000x answer
Q66:
Q66 A type of microscope used for examination of documents where the
trinocular attachment enables photographs to be taken of whatever is
viewed through the microscope a . Meiji Trinocular Stereo-Microscope b.
FX8B Forensic Optical Comparator c. Electro-Static Detection Apparatus d
Foster & Freeman VSC 4 answer
Q67:
Q67 Refer to the fine markings which are often seen to cover the surface of
the paper when examined by transmitted light. a. wire mark b. watermark c.
mesh mark d. line mark answer
Q68:
Q68 The designs or lettering impressed into the paper while it is being
made, either by means of projecting wire on the mould, or designed into the
dandy roll a . wire mark b. watermark c. mesh mark d. line mark answer
10. Q69:
Q69 A type of paper with parallel wire marks a. wove paper b. special paper
c. classified paper d. laid paper answer
Q70:
Q70 This security mark is essentially a three dimensional drawing or
photograph a. Color Shifting Ink b. Security Thread c. Holograms d. Micro-
printing answer
Q71:
Q71 A thin ribbon of plastic or metal may not seem like much, but when it’s
embedded or woven through currency it can be a huge deterrence to
counterfeiting a. Color Shifting Ink b. Security Thread c. Holograms d. Micro-
printing answer
Q72:
Q72 An advance technology feature added to help software detect the
presence of a banknote in a digital image. Such software can then block the
user from reproducing banknotes to prevent counterfeiting using color
photocopiers . a. Stellar Constellation b. Big Dipper c. Small Dipper d.
EURion Constellation answer
Q73:
Q73 The designs or lettering impressed into the paper while it is being
made, either by means of projecting wire on the mould, or designed into the
dandy roll a. wire mark b. watermark c. mesh mark d. line mark answer
Q74:
Q74 A digital watermark used by color laser printers to add hidden encoded
information to printouts a. Printer steganography b. Omron rings c. Coded
anti-piracy d. Eurion constellation answer
Q75:
Q75 A distinct mark on Philippine peso bills composed of a wide glistening
gold vertical stripe with the numerical value printed in series common on
the improved versions of 100-, 500-, and 1000-peso bills a. Security Fibers
b. Iridescent Band c. Portrait d. Windowed Security Thread answer
TOPIC IV:
Topic IV Explain the fact of forgeries, counterfeiting and falsification of
documents including those involves public interest
Q76:
Q76 To be able to forge successfully, one must be able to do the following,
except: Detect the significant characteristics of writing of another Read and
11. predict the state of mind of another Have the muscular skill necessary to
produce the writing skill of another Eliminate his own writing characteristics
answer
Q77:
Q77 In committing simple forgery, the forger who is confronted with the
absence of a genuine specimen will merely Have a photocopy of the other
person’s signature Use a carbon paper to trace the other person’s signature
Sign the other person’s name in his own handwriting Copy the genuine
signature with all its general characteristics answer
Q78:
Q78 The detection of a simple forgery becomes very elementary once
Standards of the genuine signature are obtained Sophisticated signature
detecting devices are put in place The forger confesses to the act The forger
is caught in the act of committing the simple forgery answer
Q79:
Q79 Signature tracing is considered as the poorest form of forgery because
of the fact that it is done in a very simple manner it contains the basic
elements of writing it is accomplished in a manner foreign to the writing
process it uses materials that are easily detected answer
Q80:
Q80 Traced forgery is resorted to by a forger who has basic knowledge of
the original appearance of the signature sought to be forged has the right
skill to adopt the handwriting habits of the author whose signature is
sought to be forged lacks the skill required in a free-hand imitation all of the
above answer
Q81:
Q81 The original document is placed over the false one in the same manner
as with carbon process. Instead of carbon however, the tracing is done with
considerable pressure so that the indentation on the original document will
transmit to the false one under it and is later traced using a pen or pencil a.
carbon process b. indentation process c. carbon outline method d.
transmitted light process answer
Q82:
Q82 It is an indication of forgery a. non-continuous strokes b. freedom of
writing c. flying start d. vanishing finish answer
Q83:
Q83 The so-called “blind writing machine” was invented in 1868 by three
American inventors. It was called as such because of its design. In order to
see what had been written, it was necessary to peep behind the platen In
order to see what had been written, the platen is detached It is a machine
12. used primarily by blind people In order to see what had been written, it was
necessary to lift the platen answer
Q84:
Q84 Horizontal mal-alignment is an alignment defect where The character
prints to the right or left of its proper position A character printing above or
below its proper position The typeface prints heavier on one side that the
other Characters lean to the right or left of their correct slant answer
Q85:
Q85 A tilting or twisting happens When a character prints a double
impression with the lighter one slightly offset to the left or right When
characters lean to the right or left of their correct slant When dirty
impressions clog typefaces, or ribbons wear out When characters print
above or below its proper position answer
Q86:
Q86 It is a kind of typewriter where ten characters can occupy an inch of
paper space. a. mica b. lica c. bica d. pica answer
Q87:
Q87 Broken typefaces, worn-off series, cuts on shanks, and deformed
typeface characters are examples of a. permanent defects b. transitory
defects c. vertical malalignment d. horizontal malalignment answer
Q88:
Q88 They compose one of the mechanical classes of documents a.
handwritings b. typewritings c. letter writings d. computer encodings
answer
Q89:
Q89 A piece of paper money that constitute a central bank’s promissory
note. a. traveler’s check b. bank note c. passport d. identification card
answer
Q90:
Q90 It is a document about which some issue has been raised or is under
scrutiny. a. questioned document b. executed document c. disputed
document d. suspected document answer
Q91:
Q91 A document that is written entirely in the handwriting of the author. a.
hologram b. stationery c. telegraph d. holograph answer
Q92:
Q92 a photographic exhibit made up of words and letters cut from
photographs of different documents and arranged side by side. Often
13. referred to as juxtaposition photographs. a. hand exhibit b. photographic
exhibit c. blown-up exhibit d. cut-out exhibit answer
Q93:
Q93 A reproduction of a document made on paper by any office or
commercial system. a. Photostat b. Photocopy Xerox d. Photograph answer
Q94:
Q94 Although it is a trade name, its success in photo-printing has resulted
to many people referring it incorrectly to all present-day photocopying. a.
Photostat b. Photocopy c. Xerox d. photograph answer
Q95:
Q95 It is a commercial reproduction in which a negative copy, while writing
on a black background, is made directly on photosensitive paper, but has
become obsolete and has been replaced by various dry photocopying
methods. a. Photostat b. Photocopy c. Xerox d. Photograph answer
Q96:
Q96 They are the heaviest and most durable type of papers. a. groundwood
papers b. newsprints c. paperboards d. absorbent papers answer
Q97:
Q97 A pen that has four basic parts, namely: barrel, point, feed bar, and cap.
a. quill pen b. steel pen nibs c. ballpen d. none of the above answer
Q98:
Q98 This is the very first kind of ink used in executing documents. a. iron
gall b. carbon c. sympathetic ink d. stamp pad ink answer
Q99:
Q99 Are condensed and compact set of authentic specimens which, if
adequate and proper, should contain a true cross-section of the material
from a known source. a. standards of comparison b. class characteristics c.
handwriting characteristics d. signatures answer
Q100:
Q100 An error committed by the forger in which he has trouble matching
the paper, ink, or writing instrument to the exact date it was supposed to
have been written a. insertion b. anachronism c. aberration d. subtraction
answer
GOOD LUCK!