A series of questions were provided on the topic of questioned document examination. The questions covered 3 main topics: 1) the role and relevance of questioned document examiners in crime detection, 2) scientific methods for identifying and examining questionable documents, and 3) instruments used in document examination. The questions aimed to test knowledge on procedures, techniques, types of evidence analyzed, and tools utilized by forensic document examiners.

1. SERIES OF QUESTIONS
TOPIC I:
Topic I Know/discuss the relevance and role of questioned document
examiners in crime detection
Q1 :
Q1 A document examiner with a good collection of typewriting samples can
often date a typewritten document by the difference in type. This is due to
the fact that typewriters change in design every year the presence of
differing n and m designs between 1936 and 1940 the presence of differing
m and w designs between 1936 and 1940 typewriters changed between
1936 and 1940 answer
Q2:
Q2 They claim to be capable of interpreting the character or personality of
the writer by supposed traits left behind in the written line. a. forensic
document examiners b. graphologists c. grapho -analysts d. both b and c
answer
Q3 :
Q3 A handwriting identification expert follows the same procedure as that
of a criminalistic examiner in conducting questioned document examination.
a. true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q4 :
Q4 Qualified individuals spend up to _____ years in formal training before
they are permitted to offer testimony in their forensic discipline. a. 10 years
b. 5 years c. 2 years d. 15 years answer
Q5 :
Q5 One of the following is not part of the duty of a questioned document
examiner. Prepare photographic exhibits and other visual aids for court
presentations and other training purposes Conduct research in new
methodologies and techniques in the examination of questioned documents
To deduce the character of the writer Prepare reports, correspondence and
other required paperwork answer
Q6 :
Q6 One of the main objectives in conducting questioned document
examination is Identify accurately who the guilty party is Determine if a
document is forged or not Determine authenticity of a document determine
the kind of materials used in executing the document answer

2. Q7 :
Q7 These forensic examiners apply scientific principles and methodologies
to the examination and analysis of evidence. They may perform physical or
chemical analyses on documents.. a. forensic document examiners b.
graphologists c. grapho -analysts d. both b and c answer
Q8 :
Q8 This class of QDE utilizes more equipment and training usually is limited
to determining what equipment to use on a particular case and how to use
these equipment a. criminalistic examination b. criminalistic identification c.
handwriting examination d. handwriting identification answer
Q9:
Q9 Due to lack of university degree programs in forensic document
examination, Forensic Document Examiners must acquire their skills,
competency, and experience through a degree in a related bachelor program
police officer training courses on-the-job, apprentice-type training by
accepted masters of the trade post-graduate studies on related fields
answer
Q10 :
Q10 One of the most difficult determinations which the
attorney/investigator must make in the selection of an expert, is that
expert's track record for correct opinions. This is due to the fact that he is
not impartial in the correctness of his opinions opposing experts seldom
give totally accurate evaluations of their competitors experts are often
prone to bribery by parties in order to alter their exam results both a and b
answer
Q11 :
Q11 It is an international professional association dealing with questioned
documents. American Academy of Forensic Sciences The Southern
Association of Forensic Scientists International Association for Identification
All of the above answer
Q12:
Q12 Most crime laboratories require that new Questioned Document
Examiner candidates possess a. post-graduate degree b. master’s thesis c.
baccalaureate degree d. doctoral dissertation answer
Q13:
Q13 Courts often encounter situations where graphologists conduct
document analysis of their own, leaning upon past experience, such as it is,
with handwriting analysis as a qualification for an unrelated examination. a.
true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q14:

3. Q14 The Questioned Document Examiner Trainee generally bases his
expertise from formal schooling in accredited universities and colleges. a.
true b. false c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
Q15:
Q15 Questioned Document Examiners and graphologists both study
handwriting samples to deduce the character of the writers. a. true b. false
c. maybe true d. maybe false answer
TOPIC II:
Topic II Know/apply the scientific methods of identifying and examining
questionable documents that includes typewriting, computerized documents
and other modern forms printing
Q16:
Q16 One of them is not a point to consider in preparing typewriting
standards Use the same wordings as in the questioned document if possible
Dictate the text of the standard document to avoid memory recall Employ
different degrees and speed of typing Utilize the same or similar quality of
paper answer
Q17:
Q17 The following are techniques utilized in typewriting identification,
except a. measure the typeface b. verify the size and design c. check for
indentations d. look for typeface defects answer
Q18:
Q18 Documents maybe folded if it is too large. a. true b. false c. maybe true
or false d. neither true nor false answer
Q19:
Q19 Questioned Documents should be examined by the investigator
immediately after he recovers them. a. true b. false c. maybe true or false d.
neither true nor false answer
Q20:
Q20 It is an effective method of detecting erasures because it can show
shadows on the surface of the paper caused by disturbed paper fibers. a.
direct lighting b. oblique lighting c. transmitted lighting d. x-ray lighting
answer
Q21:
Q21 Obliterations may be detected using this method using infrared
photography so that the original writing lying beneath is revealed remove
the obliterating material chemically or by some other means leaving the
original writing untouched studying the impression from the original writing

4. or typewriting that has not been destroyed by the obliterating action all of
the above answer
Q22:
Q22 In documents examination, it refers to the forger having trouble
matching the paper, ink, or writing instrument to the exact date it was
supposed to have been written. a. anachronism b. photography c. ink
coagulation d. time distortion answer
Q23:
Q23 An essential phase of handwriting identification that involves the
recognition of properties and/or characteristics of the handwriting through
observation, measurement, etc.. a. analysis b. comparison c. evaluation d.
all of the above answer
Q24:
Q24 The combination of these handwriting characteristics become the basis
of identifying a set of handwritings and trace them to their owners. a.
individual and class characteristics b. private and public characteristics c.
physical and mental characteristics d. technical and material characteristics
answer
Q25:
Q25 It is the identifying of similarities and dissimilarities, determination of
likelihood of occurrence, and weighing down of the significance of each
factor. Analysis Comparison Evaluation d. All of the above answer
Q26:
Q26 The determination of the fraudulent nature of a simple forgery becomes
very elementary once the suspected forger is arrested the genuine signature
of the person is obtained the carbon paper used is discovered the writing
instrument used is recovered answer
Q27:
Q27 Presence of carbon instead of ink is a telltale indication of this kind of
forgery. a. simple forgery b. simulation with model c. spurious signatures d.
traced forgery answer
Q28:
Q28 It is a method of comparison in the microscope where the images of
two specimen writings can be seen all at once one over the other. a. side by
side comparison b. juxtaposition c. superimposition d. single image
comparison answer
Q29:
Q29 This typewriter defect is brought about by clogged typefaces, poor
condition or worn-out or torn ribbon. a. transitory typeface defect b.

5. permanent typeface defect c. vertical malalignment d. tilted/twisted
characters answer
Q30:
Q30 Two typewriting characteristics can be considered the result of one
typewriter if there are glaring differences on all type characteristics there
are evident defects on the typefaces there are traces of carbon on each
typewritten document all type characteristics are identical on both
documents answer
Q31:
Q31 This class of QDE has more difficult procedures and requires long study
and experience. a. criminalistic examination b. criminalistic identification c.
handwriting examination d. handwriting identification answer
Q32:
Q32 All of the following are positions used in examining documents under
the forensic comparison microscope, except a . inverted position b.
juxtaposition c. side by side position d. superimposition answer
Q33:
Q33 . It is easy to detect a traced forgery of any form because it always
looks a. original b. graceful c. robotic d. free flowing answer
Q34:
Q34 One question that needs to be answered in the examination of
typewritten and computerized documents is whether two or more
documents are identical and were typed on the same machine? What kind of
paper was used in the execution of the document? Whether two kinds of
pen was used on the same document? Whether the signature is authentic or
not? answer
Q35:
Q35 The best special lighting that can be used in detecting obliterated or
chemically erased writings is a. ultra-violet b. x-ray c. infrared d. sunlight
answer
Q36:
Q36 . It is very helpful particularly in presenting the facts of the document
examination to a court or any investigative body or agency. a.
chromatography b. photography c. cartography d. polygraphy answer
Q37:
Q37 This process of UV photography consist of illuminating the subject with
an ultraviolet lamp or any light source emitting UV radiations, while
excluding all visible light in exposing energy. a. Fluorescent Method b.
Incandescent Method c. Reflected Method d. Refracted Method answer

6. Q38:
Q38 It is the branch of photography dealing with reproduction of copies of
documents at a greatly reduced scale on small film sizes, often used in
certain commercial records system. a. Macrophotography b.
Microphotography c. Photomicrography d. Photomacrography answer
Q39:
Q39 It is a standard of comparison taken from files reflecting a person’s
daily routine activities. a. procured standard b. requested standard c.
collected standard d. both a & c answer
Q40:
Q40 It is imperative that the examiner dictate the contents of the writing he
intends the subject to write because Dictation will help the subject focus
more on his writing and will protect him from outside distractions Dictation
will establish closer contact between the examiner and the subject that will
improve cooperation between them. Copying the material will allow a guilty
subject to recall how he executed the previous writings particularly the
forged ones. Copying gives more stress to the writer as he will have to look
at the notes while writing, thereby throwing him out of focus. answer
Q41:
Q41 Usually by the time the investigator has received a questioned
document as evidence, it may have already been handled and mishandled by
several people who had prior custody to it. The investigator should not add
any additional contamination of his own. He should place the document
under a protective cover as soon as possible send the document to the crime
lab via mail let the prior handler of the document be responsible in taking
care of it put the document inside a duffle bag answer
Q42:
Q42 It is a general principle that applies to the number of comparison
standards that an examiner should be able to obtain. a. better late than
never b. more is better than less c. first come, first served d. kill or be killed
answer
Q43:
Q43 It refers to the operating habit of the typist which is also a significant
factor in determining typewritten documents. a. Typist hand b. operator’s
habits c. touch of the operator d. habits of the operator answer
Q44:
Q44 It is the objective of the periodic interruption of dictations when
obtaining requested standards. a. disrupt the writer b. destroy the
concentration c. break the momentum d. preserve the ink answer

7. Q45:
Q45 As much as possible, the subject should be made comfortable when
writing. This will prevent him from escaping from the custody of the
examiner and the police getting too exhausted from the lengthy writing
exercise distorting his writings, thereby unwittingly hiding his individual
writing characteristics making any alibi of discomfort when his distorted
writing is discovered and questioned answer
Q46:
Q46 The best types of standard samples are those made by the a. witness b.
police officer c. suspect d. victim answer
Q47:
Q47 These are standards given or made at the request of an investigator for
the sole purpose of making a comparative examination with the questioned
writing.. a. procured standard requested standard c. collected standard d.
both a & c answer
Q48:
Q48 Collected standards must be those executed with dates
contemporaneous with, or close to the date of the one questioned wherein
the courts usually accept ___ years before or after the questioned writing.
a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 answer
Q49:
Q49 They are used by the document examiner as the basis for his
identification or non-identification of the documents. a. standards of
comparison c. fraudulent document b. writing tool marks d. genuine
document answer
Q50:
Q50 An obvious, necessary change in a document often is not an evidence of
fraud, but of genuineness is not an evidence of genuiness , but of fraud
neither an evidence of fraud nor genuiness either an evidence of fraud or
genuiness answer
Q51:
Q51 Overwriting with a ball pen may not appear to be abnormal, but some
evidence of erasing probably will remain. This can generally be detected by
a. transmitted lighting b. direct lighting c. oblique lighting d. special lighting
answer
Q52:
Q52 It refers to the forger having trouble matching the paper, ink, or writing
instrument to the exact date it was supposed to have been written. a.
anachronism b. aromatism c. anarchism d. none of the above answer

8. Q53:
Q53 A rare, though not unheard of, alteration of a document can be
achieved by skillful cutting away of some portions and then inserting new
material to fill the gap. a. interlineations b. cutting c. addition d. substitution
answer
Q54:
Q54 The following are signs that may indicate addition, except a. paper fiber
disturbances b. lack of uniformity of ink c. crowding d. uneven margins
answer
Q55:
Q55 Insertion of an extra writing on a document after its original
preparation. a. interlineations b. cutting c. addition d. substitution answer
TOPIC III:
Topic III Analyze/familiarize with the different instruments used in
document examination
Q56:
Q56 A set of tools that can enlarge articles and writings for easier
examination a. basic measuring tools b. Magnification c. Light Sources d.
Photographic Equipment answer
Q57:
Q57 Light source from behind a document; this is best provided by a light
box that contains a fluorescent-type light bulb. a. x-ray b. transmitted light
c. infrared d. ultraviolet answer
Q58:
Q58 A microscope that helps determine whether fingerprints are underneath
the ink in a piece of paper, or on top of it. a. electron microscope b. forensic
comparison microscope c. stereoscopic microscope d. compound microscope
answer
Q59:
Q59 An electromagnetic wave of very short wavelength (between ultraviolet
and gamma rays), able to pass through many materials opaque to light and
are used to see through internal writings. a. x-ray b. transmitted light c.
infrared d. ultraviolet answer
Q60:
Q60 Is a piece of equipment commonly used to reveal indented impressions
on paper which may go unnoticed. It is a non-destructive technique (it does
not damage the evidence in question) thus allowing further tests to be

9. carried out. a. Meiji Trinocular Stereo-Microscope b. FX8B Forensic Optical
Comparator c. Electro-Static Detection Apparatus d Foster & Freeman VSC 4
answer
Q61:
Q61 It is a type of microscope where two documents can be viewed side-by-
side and the images positioned so that they appear to overlay each other. a.
electron microscope b. forensic comparison microscope c. stereoscopic
microscope d. compound microscope answer
Q62:
Q62 These are used for fine measurements and various glass alignment
plates allow comparison and measurement of angles, height, width, and
spacing of handwriting. a. basic measuring tools b. Magnification c. Light
Sources d. Photographic Equipment answer
Q63:
Q63 A photographic court exhibit designed to be held and examined by the
individual juror or a pair of jurors, or the judge. a. hand exhibit b. blown-up
exhibit c. cut-out exhibit d. photographic exhibit answer
Q64:
Q64 A magnifier eyepiece containing an engraved measurement scale which
allows to precisely measure what is viewed under the microscope a.
Comparison Microscope b. electron microscope c. Handheld magnifiers d.
Reticle answer
Q65:
Q65 Most examinations are done at this rate of magnification. a. 10x – 50x
c. 400x – 800x b. 100x – 200x d. 700x – 1000x answer
Q66:
Q66 A type of microscope used for examination of documents where the
trinocular attachment enables photographs to be taken of whatever is
viewed through the microscope a . Meiji Trinocular Stereo-Microscope b.
FX8B Forensic Optical Comparator c. Electro-Static Detection Apparatus d
Foster & Freeman VSC 4 answer
Q67:
Q67 Refer to the fine markings which are often seen to cover the surface of
the paper when examined by transmitted light. a. wire mark b. watermark c.
mesh mark d. line mark answer
Q68:
Q68 The designs or lettering impressed into the paper while it is being
made, either by means of projecting wire on the mould, or designed into the
dandy roll a . wire mark b. watermark c. mesh mark d. line mark answer

10. Q69:
Q69 A type of paper with parallel wire marks a. wove paper b. special paper
c. classified paper d. laid paper answer
Q70:
Q70 This security mark is essentially a three dimensional drawing or
photograph a. Color Shifting Ink b. Security Thread c. Holograms d. Micro-
printing answer
Q71:
Q71 A thin ribbon of plastic or metal may not seem like much, but when it’s
embedded or woven through currency it can be a huge deterrence to
counterfeiting a. Color Shifting Ink b. Security Thread c. Holograms d. Micro-
printing answer
Q72:
Q72 An advance technology feature added to help software detect the
presence of a banknote in a digital image. Such software can then block the
user from reproducing banknotes to prevent counterfeiting using color
photocopiers . a. Stellar Constellation b. Big Dipper c. Small Dipper d.
EURion Constellation answer
Q73:
Q73 The designs or lettering impressed into the paper while it is being
made, either by means of projecting wire on the mould, or designed into the
dandy roll a. wire mark b. watermark c. mesh mark d. line mark answer
Q74:
Q74 A digital watermark used by color laser printers to add hidden encoded
information to printouts a. Printer steganography b. Omron rings c. Coded
anti-piracy d. Eurion constellation answer
Q75:
Q75 A distinct mark on Philippine peso bills composed of a wide glistening
gold vertical stripe with the numerical value printed in series common on
the improved versions of 100-, 500-, and 1000-peso bills a. Security Fibers
b. Iridescent Band c. Portrait d. Windowed Security Thread answer
TOPIC IV:
Topic IV Explain the fact of forgeries, counterfeiting and falsification of
documents including those involves public interest
Q76:
Q76 To be able to forge successfully, one must be able to do the following,
except: Detect the significant characteristics of writing of another Read and

11. predict the state of mind of another Have the muscular skill necessary to
produce the writing skill of another Eliminate his own writing characteristics
answer
Q77:
Q77 In committing simple forgery, the forger who is confronted with the
absence of a genuine specimen will merely Have a photocopy of the other
person’s signature Use a carbon paper to trace the other person’s signature
Sign the other person’s name in his own handwriting Copy the genuine
signature with all its general characteristics answer
Q78:
Q78 The detection of a simple forgery becomes very elementary once
Standards of the genuine signature are obtained Sophisticated signature
detecting devices are put in place The forger confesses to the act The forger
is caught in the act of committing the simple forgery answer
Q79:
Q79 Signature tracing is considered as the poorest form of forgery because
of the fact that it is done in a very simple manner it contains the basic
elements of writing it is accomplished in a manner foreign to the writing
process it uses materials that are easily detected answer
Q80:
Q80 Traced forgery is resorted to by a forger who has basic knowledge of
the original appearance of the signature sought to be forged has the right
skill to adopt the handwriting habits of the author whose signature is
sought to be forged lacks the skill required in a free-hand imitation all of the
above answer
Q81:
Q81 The original document is placed over the false one in the same manner
as with carbon process. Instead of carbon however, the tracing is done with
considerable pressure so that the indentation on the original document will
transmit to the false one under it and is later traced using a pen or pencil a.
carbon process b. indentation process c. carbon outline method d.
transmitted light process answer
Q82:
Q82 It is an indication of forgery a. non-continuous strokes b. freedom of
writing c. flying start d. vanishing finish answer
Q83:
Q83 The so-called “blind writing machine” was invented in 1868 by three
American inventors. It was called as such because of its design. In order to
see what had been written, it was necessary to peep behind the platen In
order to see what had been written, the platen is detached It is a machine

12. used primarily by blind people In order to see what had been written, it was
necessary to lift the platen answer
Q84:
Q84 Horizontal mal-alignment is an alignment defect where The character
prints to the right or left of its proper position A character printing above or
below its proper position The typeface prints heavier on one side that the
other Characters lean to the right or left of their correct slant answer
Q85:
Q85 A tilting or twisting happens When a character prints a double
impression with the lighter one slightly offset to the left or right When
characters lean to the right or left of their correct slant When dirty
impressions clog typefaces, or ribbons wear out When characters print
above or below its proper position answer
Q86:
Q86 It is a kind of typewriter where ten characters can occupy an inch of
paper space. a. mica b. lica c. bica d. pica answer
Q87:
Q87 Broken typefaces, worn-off series, cuts on shanks, and deformed
typeface characters are examples of a. permanent defects b. transitory
defects c. vertical malalignment d. horizontal malalignment answer
Q88:
Q88 They compose one of the mechanical classes of documents a.
handwritings b. typewritings c. letter writings d. computer encodings
answer
Q89:
Q89 A piece of paper money that constitute a central bank’s promissory
note. a. traveler’s check b. bank note c. passport d. identification card
answer
Q90:
Q90 It is a document about which some issue has been raised or is under
scrutiny. a. questioned document b. executed document c. disputed
document d. suspected document answer
Q91:
Q91 A document that is written entirely in the handwriting of the author. a.
hologram b. stationery c. telegraph d. holograph answer
Q92:
Q92 a photographic exhibit made up of words and letters cut from
photographs of different documents and arranged side by side. Often

13. referred to as juxtaposition photographs. a. hand exhibit b. photographic
exhibit c. blown-up exhibit d. cut-out exhibit answer
Q93:
Q93 A reproduction of a document made on paper by any office or
commercial system. a. Photostat b. Photocopy Xerox d. Photograph answer
Q94:
Q94 Although it is a trade name, its success in photo-printing has resulted
to many people referring it incorrectly to all present-day photocopying. a.
Photostat b. Photocopy c. Xerox d. photograph answer
Q95:
Q95 It is a commercial reproduction in which a negative copy, while writing
on a black background, is made directly on photosensitive paper, but has
become obsolete and has been replaced by various dry photocopying
methods. a. Photostat b. Photocopy c. Xerox d. Photograph answer
Q96:
Q96 They are the heaviest and most durable type of papers. a. groundwood
papers b. newsprints c. paperboards d. absorbent papers answer
Q97:
Q97 A pen that has four basic parts, namely: barrel, point, feed bar, and cap.
a. quill pen b. steel pen nibs c. ballpen d. none of the above answer
Q98:
Q98 This is the very first kind of ink used in executing documents. a. iron
gall b. carbon c. sympathetic ink d. stamp pad ink answer
Q99:
Q99 Are condensed and compact set of authentic specimens which, if
adequate and proper, should contain a true cross-section of the material
from a known source. a. standards of comparison b. class characteristics c.
handwriting characteristics d. signatures answer
Q100:
Q100 An error committed by the forger in which he has trouble matching
the paper, ink, or writing instrument to the exact date it was supposed to
have been written a. insertion b. anachronism c. aberration d. subtraction
answer
GOOD LUCK! 