astha srivastava aakriti aakanksha gupta

1. PARETO DIAGRAM
POTHOLES IN THE CITY
by-
Astha Srivastava
Aakriti
Aakanksha Gupta

2. WHAT IS PARETO DIAGRAM
 A Pareto chart, also called a Pareto distribution
diagram, is a vertical bar graph in which values are
plotted in decreasing order of relative frequency
from left to right. Pareto charts are extremely useful
for analyzing what problems need attention first
because the taller bars on the chart, which
represent frequency, clearly illustrate which
variables have the greatest effect on a given
system.

3.  The Pareto chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality
control. The independent variables on the chart are
shown on the horizontal axis and the dependent
variables are portrayed as the heights of bars.

4. STRATIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS OF THE
POTHOLES
1. SIGNIFICANT FEW
1. Weather conditions
2. Bad quality material used
3. Wear and tear of traffic due to overloading
2. UNSIGNIFICANT MANY
1. Types of soil used
2. Construction on/under the road surface.
3. Low maintenance
4. Presence of water under road surface
5. Rainwater from trees creates potholes.

5. WEATHER CONDITIONS

6. WEATHER CONDITIONS
Weather conditions are one of the most specific problems of
potholes.
•Because of the heat of the sun the asphalt gets cracked and
moreover the constant pressure of the traffic deteriorates the
condition.
•In winters, these cracks allow snow and rainwater to seep
into the underlying surface.
•When the water freezes and expands ,it widens the cracks.

7.  The pressure of the traffic further weakens the roads,
resulting into potholes.
 Excessive rainfall or flooding can also cause potholes.

8. BAD QUALITY MATERIAL USED
Bad quality material used

9. BAD QUALITY MATERIAL USED
 Materials used are of poor quality due to lack of proper
vigilance during road construction by the supervisor.
 Due to the adulteration of the materials which are used, the
life of the roads decreases.
 Skillful labourers are not hired in order to avoid giving them
higher wages .
 Sometimes, contractors intentionally use low grade
materials so that the roads gets carted frequently, so that
he may again get the contracts to construct the same road.
In this way he is able to earn more money.

10. WEAR AND TEAR OF TRAFFIC

11. WEAR AND TEAR OF TRAFFIC
 Due to constant pressure, the road becomes weaker.
There is a pressure of cars, trucks etc which the road is
bearing.
 The road surface flexes slightly as vehicles travel over it.
Where there are cracks, these are expanded by the
changes in pressure.
 These cracks become wider due to pressure and
potholes are formed.
 Overloading of the vehicles also contributes in the
deterioration of the roads.

12. PARETO DIAGRAM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
COUNT
CUMULATIVE PERCENT

13. MAIN REASONS
 The wear and tear of weather, low maintenance
and the heavy traffic leads to debilitation of roads.
 They account for approx. 90% of the problems of
degeneration of the roads.

14. LESSON LEARNT
 Pot holes lead to collection of water and thus
leading to diseases caused due to water.
 The elder and sick people suffer due to the shocks
created by the potholes
 The urgent vehicles such as ambulances face
problems due to potholes
 Pot holes also cause many accidents on the roads,
thus putting many lives in danger.
 The roads also show the aesthetic reputation of the
city.
 It also reflects its economic conditions.