Q5.5. Why do neurons generate an action potential, instead of simply relying on the opening of ion channels near the stimulus site to transmit information? Because, without the action potential, changes in V m at the stimulus site might not reach the axon terminal Because without the action potential, the neuron would not depolarize Because action potentials help the body keep ion concentrations at appropriate levels Because, without the action potential, the neuron would not return to resting potential Q5.6. If calcium ions, each of which has a charge of + 2 ( Ca 2 + ) , moved OUT OF a neuron, and no other ions were moving, what would be TRUE? The area outside the neuron would be become more negatively charged The concentration of Ca 2 + inside the cell would increase. The neuron would become more negative. The neuron would become more positive. Q5.7. What affects the Na equilibrium potential? Whether or not the Na + channels are open (that is, the Na + conductance) Whether or not the K + channels are open (that is, the K + conductance) The internal Na + concentration, relative to external Na + concentration The external K + concentration
.
My first attempt at this presentation for the IB Diploma Programme Biology course: topic 6.5 neurons and synapses. I'm hoping another great educator out there can take this, make it look a lot better, and then share it :)
Thanks to Steven Taylor and Chris Paine for all of their work and inspiration.
Please download and modify as you wish.
final note: I actually made this in google slides - I just checked the presentation and none of the links to the videos I used are there. Here is a link to the google slide presentation so you can find the videos: https://docs.google.com/a/igbis.edu.my/presentation/d/1eabpxEtwlDGt7EPRqQ_GPwxUBerszZQquWAhjRnU_WE/edit?usp=sharing
My first attempt at this presentation for the IB Diploma Programme Biology course: topic 6.5 neurons and synapses. I'm hoping another great educator out there can take this, make it look a lot better, and then share it :)
Thanks to Steven Taylor and Chris Paine for all of their work and inspiration.
Please download and modify as you wish.
final note: I actually made this in google slides - I just checked the presentation and none of the links to the videos I used are there. Here is a link to the google slide presentation so you can find the videos: https://docs.google.com/a/igbis.edu.my/presentation/d/1eabpxEtwlDGt7EPRqQ_GPwxUBerszZQquWAhjRnU_WE/edit?usp=sharing
It is over 60 years since Hodgkin and
Huxley1 made the first direct recording of
the electrical changes across the neuronal
membrane that mediate the action
potential. Using an electrode placed inside a
squid giant axon they were able to measure a
transmembrane potential of around 260 mV
inside relative to outside, under resting
conditions (this is called the resting membrane
potential). The action potential is a
transient (,1 millisecond) reversal in the
polarity of this transmembrane potential
which then moves from its point of initiation,
down the axon, to the axon terminals. In a
subsequent series of elegant experiments
Hodgkin and Huxley, along with Bernard
Katz, discovered that the action potential
results from transient changes in the permeability
of the axon membrane to sodium (Na+)
and potassium (K+) ions. Importantly, Na+ and
K+ cross the membrane through independent
pathways that open in response to a change
in membrane potential.
As testimony to their pioneering work, the
fundamental mechanisms described by
Hodgkin, Huxley and Katz remain applicable
to all excitable cells today. Indeed, the
predictions they made about the molecular
mechanisms that might underlie the changes
in membrane permeability showed remarkable
foresight. The molecular basis of the action
potential lies in the presence of proteins
called ion channels that form the permeation
pathways across the neuronal membrane.
Although the first electrophysiological
recordings from individual ion channels were
not made until the mid 1970s,2 Hodgkin and
Huxley predicted many of the properties now
known to be key components of their
function: ion selectivity, the electrical basis
of voltage-sensitivity and, importantly, a
mechanism for quickly closing down the
permeability pathways to ensure that the
action potential only moves along the axon in
one direction.
Question 1 4pts James- Eli- Jesse- Reuben and Gabriel all enter a kara.docxKevinVXECampbelle
Question 1 4 pts James, Eli, Jesse. Reuben and Gabriel all enter a karaoke contest. In the semi-finaks, Eli wins first place, Reuben wins in second and James in third. You store these results in a list of tuples: Ed Discussion Microsoft Teams minners = [("Eli", 1), ("Reuben", 2), ("2ares", 3)] Gradescope People But then in the finals, Gabriel moves all the way up to first place. Reuben wins second. and James third. You want to update your list to reflect the current rankings. Which of Grades (19) the following options will accomplish that? Assigrments NameCoach Chat Vocareum winners.append(-Gabriel: 1 ) winners:(0) - ("Gabriet; 1) winners [ 010101 - "Gabriel"
.
It is over 60 years since Hodgkin and
Huxley1 made the first direct recording of
the electrical changes across the neuronal
membrane that mediate the action
potential. Using an electrode placed inside a
squid giant axon they were able to measure a
transmembrane potential of around 260 mV
inside relative to outside, under resting
conditions (this is called the resting membrane
potential). The action potential is a
transient (,1 millisecond) reversal in the
polarity of this transmembrane potential
which then moves from its point of initiation,
down the axon, to the axon terminals. In a
subsequent series of elegant experiments
Hodgkin and Huxley, along with Bernard
Katz, discovered that the action potential
results from transient changes in the permeability
of the axon membrane to sodium (Na+)
and potassium (K+) ions. Importantly, Na+ and
K+ cross the membrane through independent
pathways that open in response to a change
in membrane potential.
As testimony to their pioneering work, the
fundamental mechanisms described by
Hodgkin, Huxley and Katz remain applicable
to all excitable cells today. Indeed, the
predictions they made about the molecular
mechanisms that might underlie the changes
in membrane permeability showed remarkable
foresight. The molecular basis of the action
potential lies in the presence of proteins
called ion channels that form the permeation
pathways across the neuronal membrane.
Although the first electrophysiological
recordings from individual ion channels were
not made until the mid 1970s,2 Hodgkin and
Huxley predicted many of the properties now
known to be key components of their
function: ion selectivity, the electrical basis
of voltage-sensitivity and, importantly, a
mechanism for quickly closing down the
permeability pathways to ensure that the
action potential only moves along the axon in
one direction.
Similar to Q5-5- Why do neurons generate an action potential- instead of simply r.docx (20)
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Question 1 4 pts James, Eli, Jesse. Reuben and Gabriel all enter a karaoke contest. In the semi-finaks, Eli wins first place, Reuben wins in second and James in third. You store these results in a list of tuples: Ed Discussion Microsoft Teams minners = [("Eli", 1), ("Reuben", 2), ("2ares", 3)] Gradescope People But then in the finals, Gabriel moves all the way up to first place. Reuben wins second. and James third. You want to update your list to reflect the current rankings. Which of Grades (19) the following options will accomplish that? Assigrments NameCoach Chat Vocareum winners.append(-Gabriel: 1 ) winners:(0) - ("Gabriet; 1) winners [ 010101 - "Gabriel"
.
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QUES 2: Consider a coffee shop that you may have visited or seen lately (e.g., Tim Hortons or Starbucks). Assume that there is one franchise owner, one manager, one baker, and two coffee servers (five people in total). Key activities that are performed are as follows: I. Pay wages for all employees II. Open the coffee shop III. Bake the donuts IV. Serve the customers V. Close the coffee shop To Do: - Create an RACI Chart that includes all five people and the five activities listed above. Template for RACl Chart docX - For each activity, assign the appropriate RACl codes in order to define the involvement of each person. - After completing the RACI Chart, for each activity explain the rationale for the assignment of the RACI codes.
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Quantitative Methods
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NOT NEED A LONG ANSWER. thanks advance
ImpReason
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Q5.1. Which of the following is FALSE? If a genetic disease reduces fertility and the allele that causes the disease offers no other advantage, the allele will likely eventually disappear, due to natural selection. Natural selection does not favor individuals who are homozygous for the sickle-cell allele, because these individuals typically die before they are old enough to reproduce. Individuals who are heterozygous HbA / HbS are protected from malaria, and this is why sickle-cell disease persists in wetter, mosquito-prone regions in Africa. In regions where malaria does not occur, individuals who are heterozy gous HbA/HbS have a fitness advantage over those who are homozygous for the normal hemoglobin allele (HbA). Q5.2. AFTER malaria is cured, the frequency of the HbS allele should decrease in regions with lots of mosquitoes because: People will no longer die from sickle-cell disease in these regions. Having one copy of the HbS allele will no longer be advantageous $ these regions. Natural selection will no longer act on the HbS allele at all in these regions. All alleles associated with genetic diseases eventually disappear. Q5.3. Someone has handed you the following graph of changes in the frequency of one allele in a population over time. Based on the graph and without any other information, which of the following is most likely true? The allele does not offer any fitness advantage and the population is small. The allele does not offer any fitness advantage and the population is large. The allele offers a selective advantage and the population is small. The allele was introduced at a very low frequency and the population is large. Q5.4. If the frequency of the HbS allele is 0.2 in a population, what is the frequency of the H b A allele (assuming this is a two-allele system)? Q5.5. Which of the following would be sufficient for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to accurately predict genotype frequencies from allele frequencies? p + q = 1 The population is not evolving due to natural selection. The population is not evolving due to any of the conditions that distupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The population is infinitely large. Q5.6. In a population, if the proportion of individuals who have sickle-cell disease is 0.40 , and the population is assumed to be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of the HbS allele? (Hint: What is the genotype of people with sickle-cell disease, and how is that genotype represented in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?) Use the following additional passage to answer the next question. Suppose you travel to the future, to a time when neither cystic fibrosis nor tuberculosis have caused any deaths for many generations. In all of these future populations, the cystic fibrosis allele still exists at a low frequency. Q5.10. You visit a huge city with millions of people. If you were to start sampling the cystic fibrosis allele from one generation to the next, what should happen to its frequency over th.
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Question 20: LA Corporation reports: - Net income: $800 , 000 - Preferred stock dividends: $50 , 000 - Shares outstanding: 2,000,000 outstanding at the beginning of the year. Issued 1 , 000 , 000 more on July 1 st. Issued another 1 , 000 , 000 more on November 1 st. LA's basic EPS equals:
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Question 2. The incubation time for Rhode Island Red chicks is normally distributed with a mean of 21 days and a standard deviation of approximately 1 day. (It may be helpful to draw and label a normal distribution ). If 1,000 eggs are being incubated, how many chicks do we expect will hatch (a) in 20 to 23 days? (4 points )
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Q5-5- Why do neurons generate an action potential- instead of simply r.docx
1. Q5.5. Why do neurons generate an action potential, instead of simply relying on the opening of
ion channels near the stimulus site to transmit information? Because, without the action
potential, changes in V m at the stimulus site might not reach the axon terminal Because without
the action potential, the neuron would not depolarize Because action potentials help the body
keep ion concentrations at appropriate levels Because, without the action potential, the neuron
would not return to resting potential Q5.6. If calcium ions, each of which has a charge of + 2 (
Ca 2 + ) , moved OUT OF a neuron, and no other ions were moving, what would be TRUE? The
area outside the neuron would be become more negatively charged The concentration of Ca 2 +
inside the cell would increase. The neuron would become more negative. The neuron would
become more positive. Q5.7. What affects the Na equilibrium potential? Whether or not the Na +
channels are open (that is, the Na + conductance) Whether or not the K + channels are open (that
is, the K + conductance) The internal Na + concentration, relative to external Na + concentration
The external K + concentration
