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![WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITE RIVER WATERSHED
[range 3.8-8.5 oC]). The only drawback being, there
KLICKITAT is only about 0.3 miles of anadromous usage. Three
significant unnamed tributaries add flow to Klick-
CREEK 10.0357
itat; unfortunately, they do not contribute any bene-
ficial spawning or rearing habitat given they are
located well above natural anadromous barriers.
Lower Klickitat provides exceptional habitat
conditions for bull trout (char) and cutthroat rearing
and spawning. The first 0.3 miles is low gradient,
with excellent spawning gravel and significant
amounts of in-channel LWD (lower right). Numer-
ous pools and side channels provide excellent habi-
tat for all life history stages of bull trout; from new-
ly emerged fry to adults. A series of bedrock falls
and cascades at RM 0.3 blocks any further upstream
migration. Numerous surveys have been conducted
above the falls; however, no fish or redds have been
observed. The Puyallup Tribe has surveyed Klick-
Bull Trout
itat for bull trout escapement since 1999; thus far,
K
no other salmon species has been observed spawn-
lickitat Creek is a significant right bank
ing in the creek. Bull trout from the mainstem
headwater tributary to the White River.
White River are observed spawning in the creek ear-
The word Klickitat is a native word mean-
ly in the fall, and juvenile bull trout have been ob-
ing “beyond” or “prairie people”. The creek is exclu-
served in the pools and lateral habitat during these
sively surveyed for bull trout from late August
surveys. The few dead bull trout encountered dur-
through early October. The creek is not surveyed
ing surveys appear to be pre-spawned mortalities
for other species because, with the exception of
due to predation.
steelhead, the creeks 3300’ elevation at its mouth is
Klickitat Creek has been recognized as a key in-
likely too high for most salmon. In 2007, PTF biol-
dex stream for bull trout spawning. During the
ogist observed pink salmon in Sunrise Creek (elev.
2002 through 2007 survey seasons, bull trout floy
2800’) which is located just inside the National Park tagged at the USACE trap in Buckley were observed
boundary, approximately 5 miles downstream of
spawning in the creek. For three seasons, from
Klickitat. This is the highest point on the White
2005-2007, PTF biologists conducted extensive bull
River that adult salmon have been documented by
trout migration
the Puyallup Tribe since surveys have been con-
telemetry studies;
ducted.
as well as redd
Klickitat Creek is a phenomenal nonglacial
surveys along the
stream, originating from Ghost Lake (elev. 4396’)
upper White River
near Cayuse Pass. Klickitat is a north facing
and West Fork
stream flowing entirely within Mt. Rainier National
White River. The
Park, and is the source of drinking water for the
study focused
NPS White River compound. Klickitat enters the
heavily on the
White River north of Sunrise Park Road at approx-
headwater tributa-
imately RM 67.9. The creek is surrounded by old
ries located within
growth and the water temperature is tempered by
Mt. Rainier Na-
cold clear water year round (three year average
tional Park. Study
summer temperature from 2006-2008 was 6.56 oC results showed
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES
2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 92](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/annualreport2010-101021134148-phpapp02/85/Puyallup-Tribe-Salmon-Report-2010-92-320.jpg)
![WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITE RIVER WATERSHED
woody debris. The
OHOP nel meanders through a
forest of cedar, fir, alder
and maple that is fairly
CREEK 10.0600 dense along much of the
lower reach (RM 6.5 to 8).
Several side channels
branch off along this
reach, offering additional
spawning and rearing
habitat. High water
events often reestablish
some significantly long complex side channels lo-
cated above RM 0.4. These side channels are often
utilized by coho. Cattle occasionally have access to
the creek, but they have had minor impact.
The upper reaches of Ohop Creek extend well
into the Kapowsin tree farm currently managed by
Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group). Log-
ging roads and timber harvesting have impacted
O
hop Creek is the main feeder stream to Lake several portions of the stream including; sedimenta-
Kapowsin; not to be mistaken for the Ohop ry inputs, windthrow, increased solar exposure, as
Creek which is a tributary to the Nisqually. well as confinement and constriction of the stream
Ohop Creek is considered a continuation of Kapow- channel.
sin Creek; therefore, it shares the same WRIA de- Coho are the only species surveyed for on a con-
signation (10.0600). Continuing for nearly 8.5 miles sistent basis. Adult coho escapement has dropped
beyond Lake Kapowsin, the creek currently sup- precipitously in Ohop Creek; as well as Kapowsin
ports primarily coho (top left photo). In addition to Creek over the last several years despite the 5 year
coho, the creek likely continues to support a limited coho net-pen project employed in Lake Kapowsin by
number of steelhead as well. the Puyallup Tribe during the 90’s, in addition to
The lower 0.2 miles of Ohop Creek flows through the surplus adult plants from Voights Creek. Steel-
a narrow and incised wetland boundary at the south head surveys have been reduced to periodic spot
end of Lake Kapowsin. This initial stretch is non- checks during the spring since none have been ob-
conductive to spawning and is heavily vegetated served for several years. However, it’s likely that a
(mostly reed canary grass [Phalaris arundinacea]), small number of steelhead may continue to spawn
and is commonly the in the creek above the survey area since they are
site of recurrent beav- observed consistently in Kapowsin Creek.
er (Castor canadensis) The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup ba-
activity. From RM 6.5 sin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous
to RM 7.0, the creek decline within just the past few years has created
assumes a low gra- serious concern among fisheries managers. Fac-
dient pool-riffle struc- tor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead es-
ture; containing excel- capement are unknown, especially when other sal-
lent spawning gravel, mon species are experiencing relatively good suc-
as well as several deep cess. Although documented in Kapowsin Creek,
pools and moderate Chinook, chum and pink salmon have not been ob-
amounts of in-stream served in Ohop.
PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES
2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 106](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/annualreport2010-101021134148-phpapp02/85/Puyallup-Tribe-Salmon-Report-2010-106-320.jpg)
Uploaded byNorthwest Indian Fisheries Commission
Puyallup Tribe Salmon Report 2010
Antler Creek is a small tributary of the White River located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. It provides suitable habitat for bull trout rearing and spawning despite its small size. Surveys from 2006-2009 found between 2-9 bull trout, redds, or dead fish each year. Boise Creek is a significant tributary to the White River, supporting runs of spring and fall Chinook, coho, pink, chum, sockeye, steelhead, and cutthroat trout. Over 65% of Chinook, coho and pink salmon spawning occurs above RM 2.2. Surveys from 2009 found over 30,000 Chinook and 100,000 pink
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Puyallup Tribe Salmon Report 2010
- 1. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Mt. Rainier National Park (NPS stream designa- ANTLER tion w09-00a), entering the White River at approx- imately RM 65.9; which is 0.4 miles downstream of Crystal Creek. CREEK 10.0352 Characteristic of many headwater tributaries, the mouth of the creek is frequently translocated due to its position within the open channel migra- tion zone of the White River. As a result of mains- tem river incursions, the creeks lower channel (100’) and riparian habitat are frequently altered. The habitat within this section is the least condu- cive to spawning due to a primarily sandy sub- strate. In addition, this reach of the creek is high- ly subjected to the possibility of redd scouring or heavy silt deposition due to the influences of the mainstem White River (lower left). Nearly the entire anadromous reach of the creek (approximately 400’) is low gradient. Al- though spawning does occur within this small stretch (depending on mainstem influence), it is A ntler Creek is not officially named by the often limited due the lack of quality spawning sub- Washington State Board on Geographic strate created by the fine alluvial deposits (sand & Names; however, for easy identification silt) from the White River (top& bottom left). In the creek is referred to as “Antler” by PTF staff. addition, bull trout spawning has been less consis- Antler is a small, short run (1.2 miles total length), tent and frequent in this tributary compared to west facing right bank headwater tributary to the that observed White River. Primarily supporting bull trout, Ant- in more ler Creek is a small stream located entirely within icant headwa- Mt. Rainier National Park. Despite its lack of ter tributaries anadromous length or adult bull trout escapement, located along the lower reach of Antler does provide suitable ha- the White Riv- bitat conditions for bull trout rearing and spawn- er, such as ing. Since 2006, the Puyallup Tribe has surveyed Klickitat the creek for bull trout spawning activity from late Creek (elev. August through early October, with peak spawning 3300’) located 2 miles upstream. There are small occurring around the third week in September (see quantities of instream LWD present, as well as a appendix D for survey data). Unfortunately, Ant- beneficial riparian buffer zone of primarily conifers ler Creek’s elevation (mouth @ 2950’) is likely too along the majority of the creek. Upstream of the high for other anadromous reach, the creek enters the heavily salmon spe- forested lower slope of the valley floor as it begins cies. Originat- to climbs up the valley wall (right). From this ing along the point, the creek assumes a pool-riffle-cascade con- slopes of Crys- figuration up the steep valley wall. At approx- tal Mountain imately RM 0.2, the creek passes under Hwy 410, Ridge, the near mile marker 61. For more information on creek flows en- bull trout, refer to the Klickitat Creek section in tirely within this report. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 1
- 2. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Antler Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/8/09 DATE SURVEYED Antler Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2006-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 2
- 3. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED number of chum salmon being able to access Boise BOISE CREEK Creek. During the 2008 and 2009 seasons, chum were observed in the lower 2.5 miles of the creek. A 12-ft bedrock falls at RM 4.5 marks the upper 10.0057 extent of adult salmon and steelhead migration (below). Cutthroat and rainbow trout have been observed above the falls; although, no data is available on the size or range of the population(s). Above the falls the gradient increases becoming a small cascade/step-pool configuration. The chan- nel upstream of the falls, to where Boise crosses under highway 410, was altered back in the mid 1930’s to accommodate for the construction of the highway. Upstream of 410, the creek passes through the old Weyerhauser mill site, which is still a source of sedimentary input. For approximately 0.2 miles below the falls, Boise flows through a lower gradient riffle-pool B channel bordered by a dense second growth forest; Pink salmon (Fall 2009) oise Creek is a significant tributary to the several spawning opportunities exist throughout White River, converging with the White this stretch. Spawning densities for all species are River at RM 23.5, just upstream of where often high within this section. Continuing down- highway 410 crosses the river north of the city of stream of the forested area is a low gradient reach Buckley. In contrast to most of the Puyal- flowing for approximately 0.5 miles within the golf lup/White River Watershed which falls within course in the city of Enumclaw. The riparian zone Pierce County, Boise Creek lies within South King alongside this section is exceptionally sparse; the County, with much of the lower creek flowing banks are merely ripraped and bordered by main- south within the city of Enumclaw. The creek tained turf grass, blackberry, and small deciduous drains an area of approximately 15.4 mi2; with its trees. There is, however, a short section located headwaters located in a well forested area of the within the golf course below RM 4.0 with an intact Grass Mountain Range. hardwood riparian zone. Spawning is noticeably Boise Creek has often proven to be highly pro- reduced throughout the entire reach of the creek ductive tributary over the past several years de- flowing within the open range of the golf course. spite its numerous impairments. A good deal of Downstream from the golf course, Boise Creek be- the lower 4.5 miles of the creek provides suitable gins to flow through residential and agricultural habitat for several anadromous and resident spe- lands. This more devel- cies including spring and fall Chinook, coho, pink, oped reach extends from chum, sockeye, steelhead, and cutthroat trout. approximately RM 3.7 Since 2003, chum spawning has become more pre- down to RM 0.3; much valent in the lower 1.5 miles of the creek. In Au- of the stream along this gust of 2003, the city of Tacoma removed its 99 stretch is incised to year old concrete pipeline crossing located at RM depths of 20 feet or 23 on the White River. The concrete and rebar more. Extensive tracts structure had long been suspected of injuring sal- of land bordering Boise mon and limiting upstream migration of weaker Creek below RM 3.5 are swimmers like chum salmon. The removal of the primarily used for old concrete structure has resulted in increased maintaining cattle and PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 3
- 4. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED This corresponds with DNA sampling studies of nook in the White River; Ford et al. (2004), showed an approximately 60% falls and 40% Spring Chinook component in the lower river (below RM 24.3). The pink salmon returns to Boise in 2005, 2007, and 2009 were unprecedented. Estimate calculations put the escapement at nearly 16,000 fish in 2005, nearly 28,000 in 2007, and over 100,000 in 2009 (lower left). Spawning ties for all species is derably reduced in the er 0.3 miles of the creek. other livestock. The gradient throughout this short stretch is stee- Although spawning activity for nearly all spe- per, the banks are confined by high sheer walls, cies occurs throughout the entire 4.5 miles, as and the substrate consists of mostly boulders and much as 65-70% of Chinook, coho, and pink large cobble. ing may occur above RM 2.2. From 1999 to 2007, Chinook, coho, and steelhead are especially vul- an average of 63.8% (range 53.5%-83.3%) of nerable to poaching and harassment in this urban head spawned above RM 2.2. During the 2005 sea- stream. In addition, surrounding agricultural land season, the first significant numbers of chum sal- use continues to impact channel and water quality mon were observed in Boise Creek, as high as RM conditions. Other limiting factors affecting Boise 1.5. Boise has continued to support a significant include the loss of historic flood plain and stream- number of Chinook spawners over the past several side riparian, channel confinement and realign- seasons, as well as pinks on odd years. Carcass ment, temperature and other water quality issues; sampling data shows that a significant number of as well as reduced LWD inputs and the removal of Chinook, as high as 67% (in 2009), that spawn in LWD by land owners. Boise Creek are hatchery origin Fall Chinook. Tremendous improvements to riparian and stream channel conditions are possible but require Pink salmon in upper Boise willing land owners, technical expertise and fund- ing. Despite its many habitat related shortcom- ings, Boise Creek continues to support returns of wild steelhead, a remarkable fact in light of the basin-wide decline over the past decade. In 2009, the establishment of a new lower channel was in- itiated; starting from Mud Mountain Dam Road, downstream to the White River. The new channel will offer improved rearing and spawning habitat. Completion of the new channel is scheduled for late 2010. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 4
- 5. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 80 LIVE DEAD 70 REDDS 60 NUMBER OBSERVED 50 40 30 20 10 0 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/17/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/16/09 10/26/09 DATE SURVEYED Boise Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1994-2009) 1,000 903 LIVE 900 DEAD REDDS 800 732 700 633 617 NUMBER OBSERVED 552 600 500 440 440 351 344 400 325 318 315 261 300 229 226 221 215 205 170 160 155 153 150 147 200 125 100 100 99 89 89 81 75 70 67 63 100 58 46 44 41 35 32 30 28 27 24 11 10 7 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 5
- 6. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100,000 LIVE 90,000 DEAD 80,000 70,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 8/18/09 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/17/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/16/09 10/28/09 11/6/09 11/16/09 DATE SURVEYED Boise Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 250,000 LIVE DEAD 221,456 225,000 200,000 175,000 NUMBER OBSEREVED 150,000 125,000 100,000 61,164 60,058 75,000 39,744 50,000 23,750 6,517 25,000 4,392 1,200 6 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 6
- 7. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Boise Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 350 LIVE DEAD 300 250 NUMBER OBSERVED 200 150 100 50 0 9/17/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/16/09 10/29/09 11/6/09 11/16/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 DATE SURVEYED Boise Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1993-2009) 3,500 3,285 LIVE 3,000 DEAD 2,500 2,155 NUMBER OBSERVED 2,000 1,513 1,500 1,083 841 1,000 697 601 589 558 483 445 394 335 327 500 282 251 233 222 208 158 109 108 99 95 90 81 51 43 40 30 30 21 20 12 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 7
- 8. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2010 Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 30 LIVE DEAD REDDS 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 3/15/10 3/24/10 4/1/10 4/12/10 4/23/10 5/11/10 5/21/10 DATE SURVEYED Boise Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 120 STEELHEAD REDDS 100 88 79 80 74 NUMBER OBSERVED 63 60 56 52 44 40 32 30 29 27 25 18 18 20 16 15 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 8
- 9. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED bers of salmonids, which has been invaluable tool BUCKLEY: for research, salmon recovery and escapement es- timates. During the months that salmon, steel- USACE FISH TRAP head and bull trout return to the upper White Riv- er, the USACE empties the trap daily, the trap is WHITE RIVER hoisted to a tanker truck, and fish are released from the trap into the truck. Fish are then trans- ported above Mud Mountain Dam and released back into the White River at RM 33.6; four miles above the dam and about one mile below the con- fluence with the Clearwater River. Species of salmonids captured in the trap in- clude spring and Fall Chinook, coho, pink, sockeye, chum, steelhead and bull trout. Puyallup Tribe Fisheries staff samples the contents of the trap once a week throughout the entire year. Species sampled regularly include Chinook, steelhead, sockeye, and bull trout. During the Spring Chi- nook/sockeye/bull trout run (late May- early Octo- ber) PTF staff sample the trap 1 to 5 days per T he U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) week; the frequency is dependent on the number of fish trapping facility is located at RM 24.3 fish captured throughout the entire run. Steel- near Buckley (top left photo). Salmon, head are sampled regularly by PTF staff from late steelhead, bull trout, and other native fishes (whi- January through June. All fish sampled are dip- tefish, rainbow trout) migrating to the upper netted from the trap and placed into a 30 gallon White River, enter this trap and are transported water filled stainless steel bin and anesthetized above Mud Mountain Dam. Fish not allowed up- with MS-222. All fish are examined for fin–clips; stream include hatchery released Chinook and in addition, Chinook and steelhead are sampled for steelhead; with the exception of White River steel- coded-wire tags with head acclimated and released from the Muckle- a metal detector. shoot hatchery. The Corps’ trapping facility is un- Additional sampling iquely integrated into a diversion dam and flume includes measuring intake that was, up until January 2004, used to each fish for fork divert water from the White River to generate length and collection power. Since PSE ceased power production, some of DNA and scale measure of water has continued to be diverted samples from Chi- Steelhead on measuring scale from the White River to maintain the water levels nook, steelhead, and bull trout. DNA sampling and water quality in Lake Tapps. Engineering and involves removing a small amount of the anal fin development is currently underway way to replace and preserving it in 95% ethanol (C2H5OH) for lat- the existing structure with a new diversion dam er analysis. In addition to DNA and scale samples, and fish trap- bull trout are floy tagged and transported above ping facility. Mud Mountain Dam. Wild steelhead are trans- The USACE ported above Mud Mountain dam, while non White facility offers River hatchery reared steelhead are returned back unparalleled to the White River below the USACE trap as per access to sig- agreement with the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe and Adult bull trout nificant num- the State of Washington. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 9
- 10. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Chinook Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (1941-2009) 5,431 6,000 4,634 4,603 4,565 5,000 3,736 3,692 4,000 NUMBER OF CHINOOK 2,584 3,000 2,394 2,002 1,965 1,945 1,893 1,849 1,841 1,551 1,546 1,470 2,000 1,370 1,292 1,101 969 931 869 842 803 794 719 702 684 658 639 633 605 1,000 557 534 528 505 488 465 447 422 409 406 402 393 392 392 388 374 277 261 245 229 221 175 164 140 137 127 117 111 72 66 61 27 26 20 10 6 0 1941 1943 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 YEAR 2009 Buckley Trap Acclimation Pond Returns Age 2009 Buckley Trap Wild Chinook Age Composition N=263 6 year old Composition N=195 5 year old Jacks 5 year old 7 8 14 5 3% 3% 7% 3% Jacks 49 19% 4 year old 4 year old 87 76 3 year old 33% 39% 100 3 year old 51% 112 42% 2009: Breakdown of adult and jack acclimation pond Chinook 2009: Breakdown of adult and jack NOR’s (natural origin captured in the USACE fish trap. return) captured in the USACE fish trap. 2009 Buckley Trap Chinook Returns N=2,052 2009 Buckley Trap Wild (NOR) Chinook Returns N=606 Acclimation Jacks Pond, 263, Wild 33 13% 606 5% 29% Adults White River 573 Hatchery, 95% 1183, 58% 2009: Total number of Chinook captured in the USACE fish trap 2009: Age breakdown of wild adult and jack Chinook cap- including wild, acclimation and White River hatchery. tured in the USACE fish trap. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 10
- 11. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2008 Buckley Trap Acclimation Pond Returns 2008 Buckley Trap Wild Chinook Age N=523 Composition N=467 5 year old 6 year old, Jacks 5 year old 6 2, Jacks 29 10 1% 41 6% 2% 3 year old 8% 3 year old 43 37 9% 7% 4 year old 4 year old, 437 385, 83% 84% 2008: Breakdown of adult and jack acclimation pond Chinook 2008: Breakdown of adult and jack NOR’s (natural origin captured in the USACE fish trap. return) captured in the USACE fish trap. 2008 Buckley Trap Chinook Returns N=3,154 2008 Buckley Trap Wild (NOR) Chinook Returns N=1,442 Jacks White River 73 Hatchery 5% 1,189 38% Wild 1,442 46% Adults 1,369 Acclimation 95% Ponds 523 16% 2008: Total number of Chinook captured in the USACE fish 2008: Age breakdown of wild adult and jack Chinook cap- trap including wild, acclimation and White River hatchery. tured in the USACE fish trap. 2007 Buckley Trap Wild Chinook Age 2007 Buckley Trap Chinook Returns N=6,533 Composition N=563 5 year old Jacks White River 4 12 Hatchery 1% 2% 1,967 30% 4 year old Wild (NOR) 2,844 173 44% 31% Acclimation Ponds, 1,722 , 26% 3 year old 374 66% 2007: Total number of Chinook captured in the USACE fish 2007: Breakdown of adult and jack NOR’s (natural origin trap including wild, acclimation and White River hatchery. return) captured in the USACE fish trap. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 11
- 12. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2007 Buckley Trap Acclimation Pond Returns N=1,721 2007 Buckley Trap Wild (NOR's) Chinook N=2,844 Jacks, 48 , Jacks, 67 3% 2% Adults Adults 1,674 2,777 97% 98% 2007: Age breakdown of wild adult and jack Chinook cap- 2007: Breakdown of adult and jack acclimation pond Chinook tured in the USACE fish trap. captured in the USACE fish trap. Coho Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (1941-2009) 25,000 21,591 20,000 16,476 14,341 13,894 NUMBER OF COHO TRANSPORTED 12,620 15,000 12,484 9,801 9,698 8,420 7,988 10,000 7,500 7,482 6,739 6,503 6,370 6,022 5,840 5,671 4,992 4,558 4,090 3,811 3,756 3,623 3,448 3,403 3,231 2,972 5,000 2,733 2,506 2,094 2,031 1,992 1,961 1,818 1,810 1,782 1,746 1,688 1,639 1,537 1,467 1,469 1,429 1,398 1,379 1,349 1,264 1,237 1,098 1,090 1,081 1,065 1,003 927 833 820 796 717 599 546 522 493 408 403 335 320 18 14 0 1941 1943 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 YEAR PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 12
- 13. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Bull Trout Captured and Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (1999-2010) 160 The low number of bull trout captured in 2008 is likely due to significant compli- cations which occurred with trapping operations; thereby, preventing capture 140 and/or generating migratory delays. 120 NUMBER OF BULL TROUT 100 91 87 80 60 49 47 40 41 39 40 37 36 29 31 20 14 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR 2010 data indicates the number of bull trout transported through August 31st (Approx. 95% of run based on past 11 years of data). Adult Steelhead Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (1941-2010) 2,500 2,166 2010 Breakdown of steelhead captured 1,971 203: Wild-NOR 1,902 20: Broodstock program 2,000 300: BWT-Program fish with blank wire tag implant 1,662 NUMBER OF STEELHEAD 1,381 1,364 1,304 1,298 1,500 1,234 1,211 1,155 1,122 1,031 1,021 960 912 906 896 1,000 828 822 726 691 683 683 638 624 535 524 503 482 477 476 460 458 447 437 435 433 405 381 373 369 368 367 351 347 500 328 326 286 280 279 276 274 264 260 253 249 228 220 205 203 192 183 183 162 162 156 153 152 136 0 1941 1943 1945 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 YEAR The graph above details the number of steelhead transported above Mud Mountain Dam. Additional steelhead captured in the trap since 2006 have been utilized as brood-stock for the White River steelhead supplementation pilot project; bringing the total number of steelhead captured for the past five years to: 163 (2006), 303 (2007), 207 (2008), 165 (2009), and 523 (2010). Program fish are implanted with a blank wire tag (BWT) to be identified when sampled. Program fish are passed above Mud Mountain dam to spawn. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 13
- 14. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED BWT Steelhead Run-Timing at the Buckley Trap 2010 45 40 40 36 35 34 30 Number of BWT Steelhead 25 23 22 20 19 15 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 44 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 22 1 1 1 1 1 0 12-May 15-May 18-May 21-May 24-May 27-May 30-May 2-Jun 5-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jan 18-Jan 21-Jan 24-Jan 27-Jan 30-Jan 2-Feb 5-Feb 8-Feb 11-Jun 14-Jun 11-Feb 14-Feb 17-Feb 20-Feb 23-Feb 26-Feb 3-Apr 6-Apr 9-Apr 3-May 6-May 9-May 12-Apr 15-Apr 18-Apr 21-Apr 24-Apr 27-Apr 30-Apr 1-Mar 4-Mar 7-Mar 10-Mar 13-Mar 16-Mar 19-Mar 22-Mar 25-Mar 28-Mar 31-Mar Date Length Frequency for Blank Wire Tagged Steelhead Return at Buckley Trap 2010 140 120 100 80 Frequency 60 115 40 61 48 20 29 13 6 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 31 34 38 41 45 48 51 55 58 62 65 69 72 75 79 82 86 89 Length (cm) PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 14
- 15. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Adult Sockeye, Pink and Chum Salmon Transported Above Mud Mountain Dam (1980-2009) 10,000,000 Sockeye Pink Chum 540,590 1,000,000 127,541 33,346 100,000 NUMBER OF ADULTS TRANSPORTED 13,190 10,000 1,000 378 223 137 114 63 59 100 45 43 41 39 39 39 28 21 21 20 19 18 16 16 15 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 10 5 5 4 2 1 YEAR PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 15
- 16. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED as coho fry throughout spring and summer for juve- CANYON nile Chinook, steelhead, and cutthroat to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout are also known to forage in CREEK the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup, in- cluding Canyon Creek. Chum salmon are the only species observed spawning in significant numbers; beginning in late November through January (lower right). Adult co- ho are periodically seen in the same reach as chum, but no surveys are conducted for coho by the Puyal- lup Tribe given their escapement numbers are ex- tremely low. Canyon lacks any real habitat com- plexity such as LWD, off channel habitat, or varia- tion in stream channel type. The greater part of the lower reach of the creek consists of a flat low gra- dient channel with few hydraulic breaks. However, there are approximately 450 feet of suitable spawn- ing habitat in Canyon Creek, this spawning section flows along Canyon road upstream of Pioneer Way (top left photo). Nonetheless, this exceptionally C anyon Creek is a small tributary within the small stretch has proven to be productive for several seasons. larger 12.1 mi2 Clear Creek Basin (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the plateaus The channel gradient increases substantially and flatlands running along the southern valley of above the culvert crossing under Canyon Road. The culvert itself doesn’t appear to be an encumbrance the lower Puyallup River, just west of the city of Puyallup. Canyon Creek doesn’t appear on the hy- to chum, since they are often observed spawning on the fine gravel within the culvert. However, the drology of most common mapping systems, includ- steep gradient above the culvert does impede chum, ing USGS Quads. Furthermore, this stream is not listed in the WRIA catalog of streams for area 10 as no fish are observed above the culvert during the peak of the run. and has not been assigned a designated WRIA The main channel number. Canyon supports several species, including Chinook, coho, pink, chum, steelhead/rainbow and above the culvert has been engineered bull trout. Little stream complexity exists within Canyon with the placement Creek, and seasonal flows are rarely adequate to of log weirs to retain allow access for adult Chinook or steelhead to gravel. They appear Chum salmon spawn. However, adult Chinook have been ob- to be only moderate- served in the creek (2 adults were observed in 2009) ly effective because the amount of fines in the entire and it’s highly likely juveniles from adult spawners reach is excessive. Downstream of Pioneer, the channel substrate consists of fine sand and extreme- (Chinook and/or coho) in Clear and Swan creeks utilize Canyon Creek, ly compacted small gravel. Storm and ground water runoff along the east side of Canyon Road flows into especially for foraging and overwintering. Canyon Creek next to the downstream end of the culvert. Chum salmon are often drawn up this There is often an abun- dance of chum fry dur- small drainage channel during high water events, ing the spring, as well only to be stranded in thick deep mud and sediment Chinook carcass when the flow diminishes. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 16
- 17. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Canyon Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 20 LIVE 18 DEAD 16 14 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Canyon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE DEAD 90 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/7/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 17
- 18. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Canyon Creek Chum Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 600 LIVE 488 DEAD 500 393 391 400 NUMBER OBSERVED 343 335 292 280 300 172 200 166 144 111 99 100 66 59 56 46 43 21 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 18
- 19. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED road culvert. The rock was distributed along an ap- CANYONFALLS proximately 0.2 mile stretch of the creek. The rock was deposited as a result of a settlement agreement CREEK 10.0410 between the Puyallup Tribe, and Fennel Resources; which has a gravel mining operation located on Fennel Creek. Nearly all spawning activity ob- served occurs within this short 0.2 mile stretch of the creek. Below this point the substrate consists primarily of fines, which is more typical for this stream type, but unfortunately is rarely suitable for spawning. The riparian is primarily alder and sal- monberry. The width of the riparian zone along the right bank is limited due to the extremely close proximity of McCutcheon Rd. Canyonfalls creek al- so benefits from small amounts of woody debris in- puts; as well as excellent coho habitat created by frequent beaver (Castor canadensis) activity. Al- though in 2004, a beaver dam below the survey reach prevented Chinook from accessing the spawn- C ing habitat farther upstream. anyonfalls Creek is a small tributary enter- Chinook, coho and chum are the most prevalent ing the Puyallup River at approximately RM species observed spawning in the creek. Coho juve- 16.2, near the town of McMillin (north of niles and fry are present in the creek year round, Orting). Canyonfalls is primarily a spring fed and are often observed during adult spawning sur- stream that has relatively consistent instream veys (chum and pink migrate to marine waters soon flows, even in late summer. Although the stream after emerging from the gravel). In addition to length is three mile, nearly all spawning activity for these key species, pink salmon were also observed species common to the creek takes place below the during the past 4 pink spawning seasons (2003- culvert under McCutcheon Rd. at RM 0.5. The gra- 2009). Prior to 1998, steelhead were documented dient quickly increases above the culvert, but there spawning in the creek on a consistent annual basis. are several pockets of usable spawning gravel just Unfortunately, similar to many streams within the upstream of the culvert. In 2003, a large cement Puyallup and White River Watershed, few live box culvert replaced the old culvert under McCut- steelhead or signs of cheon Road. spawning activity have Approximately 400 feet upstream of the culvert, been observed over the the creek rapidly climbs nearly 300 feet in elevation past decade. Bull trout to where it’s discharged from a privately owned hat- utilization within this chery (Trout Lodge). The creek is diverted to meet spring fed drainage is the needs of raising trout for planting in regional unknown; however, adult lakes. Above the hatchery the creek continues to bull trout have been climb through a forested area. As mentioned, the caught by sport anglers lower anadromous reach of the creek extends down- in the Puyallup River stream of McCutcheon road; the substrate is a com- near the mouth of Ca- bination of sand and gravel within a low gradient nyonfalls. Spawning activity by bull trout has not pool-rifle channel. In the summer of 2002, 220 cubic been documented, yet Canyonfalls does offer excel- yards of 1-to-3 inch spawning quality drain rock was lent foraging and overwintering opportunities for all deposited directly downstream of the McCutcheon species, including bull trout. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 19
- 20. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Canyonfalls Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1997-2009) 10 LIVE 9 DEAD REDDS 8 7 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 20
- 21. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Canyonfalls Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE 90 DEAD 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/14/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/10/09 DATE SURVEYED Canyonfalls Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 300 LIVE DEAD 250 232 200 NUMBER OBSEREVED 150 100 69 65 65 50 30 28 16 1 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 21
- 22. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Canyonfalls Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 30 LIVE DEAD 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 9/16/09 10/2/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/10/09 11/18/09 11/22/09 11/30/09 DATE SURVEYED Canyonfalls Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 80 LIVE 70 DEAD 60 56 51 50 NUMBER OBSERVED 46 44 39 40 36 35 28 28 30 20 12 10 9 9 10 7 6 5 5 4 1 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 22
- 23. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Canyonfalls Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE 90 DEAD 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/18/09 11/22/09 11/30/09 12/8/09 12/18/09 12/23/09 12/29/09 1/5/10 1/13/10 1/20/10 DATE SURVEYED Canyonfalls Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 1,200 LIVE 981 1,000 DEAD 800 NUMBER OBSERVED 632 557 600 407 398 400 327 289 289 271 246 232 213 189 178 200 108 108 96 69 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED 2009 Canyonfalls Creek chum graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 23
- 24. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED averages approximately 300 ft. The resulting chan- CARBON RIV- nel is only moderately diverse with a pool riffle cha- racter. Spawning gravel exists in limited quantities ER 10.0413 and is utilized by all species of salmonids present, although not in the numbers observed in the upper reaches. From RM 3.0 to the mouth of South Prairie Creek at RM 6.0, the river is constrained by a levee along the south bank. Large natural bluffs hold the Carbon along its northern bank allowing the river to migrate over a channel of up to 0.5 miles wide. This reach contains multiple channels and many woody debris jams throughout its length. The spawning and rearing habitat is more improved throughout this reach and the highest spawning densities of all spe- cies are observed along this stretch of the river. The reach above South Prairie Creek, from RM 6.0 to 8.5, is again constrained by both levees and natural bluffs along the north bank. This reach has a slightly higher gradient than the lower river and as a result contains less spawning habitat. There The lower Carbon River @ RM 8.5 T are portions that are utilized by Chinook and steel- he Carbon River is a major tributary of the head, but not in the densities observed in the reach Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at RM above Voights Creek (RM 4.0). Above RM 8.5, the 17.9; just north of the city of Orting. The Car- Carbon River flows through a narrow canyon for bon River and its associated tributaries provide excel- several miles before becoming unconstrained below lent spawning and rearing opportunities for salmon, the Mt. steelhead, and bull trout. In the past, steelhead have Rainier been documented as high as the Mt. Rainier National National Park boundary. However, the majority of spawning Park for all species within this drainage, with the excep- boundary. tion of bull trout, occurs in South Prairie Creek and This can- the lower 11 miles of the mainstem Carbon. The yon reach lower 3 miles of the Carbon River are constrained by supports earthen levees. Failures along this levee system dur- Chinook ing the November 2006 flood event reinforces the and steel- need for levee set-backs, which would help address head spawning, however, chum and pink salmon the need for improved fish habitat and increase the have not been observed above RM 8. flood basin The Upper Carbon River The Mt. Rainier National Park boundary is lo- within this cated at RM 23. From the park boundary, up to ap- drainage. proximately RM 26, the gradient remains low Currently, enough to provide some spawning opportunities the lower along channel margins and pool tail-outs. Several river chan- small and moderate debris jams occur throughout nel varies this reach. Above this, the gradient gradually in- considera- creases to the terminus of the Carbon glacier (right). bly in There is less channel braiding in this section and width, but PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 24
- 25. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED the substrate is considerably larger providing far Prairie experiences a unique late-run of coho, which fewer spawning opportunities. often spawn into late February and early March. Several tributaries of the Carbon River provid- Chum regularly utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but ing critical habitat for fish include South Prairie are frequently observed well above RM 10. Steel- Creek, Voights Creek, Ranger, and Ipsut creeks. head utilize areas along the entire stream below the South Prairie Creek is the largest tributary of the barrier falls; however, usage is reduced in the can- Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM 6. yon reach below the falls. The valley walls narrow South Prairie Creek is a major tributary of the Car- significantly above RM 8; at this point the creek bon River, entering the Carbon near RM 6, just channel becomes more confined and the gradient downstream of the Highway 162 and Foothills Trail increases. Spawning and rearing opportunities are bridge crossings. With a drainage area over 90 mi2, still prevalent here, as is the increase in LWD and South Prairie Creek is considered one of the most LWD inputs from the surrounding forest. productive drainages in the Puyallup/White River From RM 12.6 to the falls at RM 15.4, the chan- Watershed. The headwaters originate along the nel gradient increases substantially and the creek northwest foothills of Mt. Rainier within the Mt. channel becomes moderately to extremely confined Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. The mainstem within a steep canyon. Spawning and rearing op- creek flows for over 21.5 miles; coursing its way portunities are severely reduced or non-existent. through or near the communities of Wilkeson, Bur- Spawning gravel is scarce in this upper reach and nett, and South Prairie. The creek offers critical many heavily scoured bedrock sections exist. spawning and rearing habitat for adult and juvenile The riparian zone changes dramatically over the salmonids including; Chinook, pink, coho, chum and 15.4 miles of anadromous stream. The upper can- steelhead. Bull trout have been documented in the yon reach flows through a commercial forest and creek, but distribution and utilization is unknown. streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir Limiting factors associated with South Prairie in- and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas clude; low summer flows, channel confinement and are generally wider than the state regulated mini- narrowing, bank erosion, disconnected floodplain, mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along water quality (303 (d) listed for temperature), areas the canyon. From RM 12.6 to RM 6.0 the riparian of deficient riparian cover, and invasive plant spe- zone is relatively intact, consisting of mature hard- cies. woods with some fir. Below this point, to the con- The anadromous range extends roughly the first fluence, significant portions of the banks are ar- 15 miles of the mainstem; a series of impassable mored and streamside residential development is falls near RM 15.4 prevents any further upstream common. Much of the lower 6 miles flows through migration. Tributaries including Wilkeson, Spike- active agricultural land where alder and cottonwood ton, Beaver, plus several unnamed tributaries, add are the most common streamside tree species. miles of additional spawning and rearing habitat, as Chinook spawning occurs primarily in the lower well as flow contributions. 8 miles, while coho show increased usage in the From the mouth, upstream to RM 12.6, the middle and upper sections of the anadromous reach. stream is typically a low to moderate gradient pool- Chum utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but have riffle channel with many deep pools and a few short been observed well above RM 10. Steelhead utilize low gradient cascades. The lower 8 miles flows the entire stream below the falls with reduced usage within a broad valley floor and spawning opportuni- in the canyon reach below the falls. ties for all species is abundant throughout. Land The riparian zone changes dramatically over the use along this section is mainly agricultural and re- 15 miles of anadromous stream. The upper canyon creational. Chinook spawning occurs primarily reach flows through a commercial forest and within the lower 8 miles, while coho show increased streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir usage throughout the middle and upper reaches of and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas the 15 mile anadromous section of the creek. South are generally wider than the state regulated mini- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 25
- 26. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along are low gradient with several deep pools, small but the canyon. From there to RM 6.0 the riparian zone plentiful gravel exists throughout the reach. Above is relatively intact, consisting of mature hardwoods 0.4 miles the gradient increases significantly. with some fir. Occasional residential development Ipsut Creek is a moderate gradient left bank tri- exists along this reach. Wilkeson Creek (10.0432), a butary to the Upper Carbon River. Ipsut is pristine major tributary to South Prairie, enters at approx- in many ways; it has approximately 0.7 miles of imately RM 6.7. Below this point, to the confluence, anadromous habitat and is located entirely within there exists many diked reaches and streamside res- Mt. Rainier National Park. The riparian zone con- idential development is common. Much of the lower sists of old growth cedar, fir and hemlock which con- 6 miles flows through active agricultural land. Ald- tribute large amounts of woody debris and diversity er and cottonwood are the most common streamside to the channel. There is a large falls located at ap- tree species. proximately RM 0.7, which is a barrier to any fur- Voights Creek is a tributary to the lower Carbon ther upstream migration. Ipsut Creek campground River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0. Voights is is located along the lower stretch of the creek at RM currently only surveyed for steelhead due to the 0.2. The Carbon River road bridge also crosses the presence of a state salmon hatchery at RM 0.5. creek at the campground site. There are just less than 4 miles of anadromous habi- Ipsut has been surveyed for Chinook, coho, tat available in Voights Creek, an impassable falls at steelhead and bull trout, yet no salmon or redds RM 3.9 blocks any further upstream migration. have been observed. However, Ipsut does host a Steelhead are often observed spawning throughout population of cutthroat trout, as do many of the up- the entire creek, right up to the falls. Unfortunately, per tributaries in the park. Reasons for the absence steelhead escapement in Voights Creek has fallen of anadromous fish are likely related to the stream’s dramatically over the past few years. During higher location high within the basin, and the general lack autumn flows, coho, and occasionally Chinook, easily of suitable spawning gravel. Much of the substrate bypass the hatchery and spawn throughout the en- within the lower fish accessible reach consists of flat tire creek up to the falls. The stream channel varies angular stones. Bull trout usage has been docu- in complexity from wide, braided channels, to con- mented by National Park Service biologists. fined narrow gorges. Nearly the entire 3.9 miles be- Winter steelhead stocks have been in serious low the falls contains excellent, although somewhat decline for the past several years. Tribal and state sporadic patches of gravel within a moderate gra- fisheries managers are currently working on a re- dient stream channel. However, below the water in- covery plan to improve future steelhead returns and take for the state hatchery at RM 1.0 the gradient hope to implement this plan within the next few decreases, the substrate size is more consistent al- years. Continuing efforts are being made by the though smaller and somewhat compacted. The ripa- tribe and WDFW to increase and expand the survey rian zone is a mix of 2nd growth conifer and deci- coverage area in order to improve escapement esti- duous trees. There is a moderate amount of small mates. During the 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2010 and medium woody debris recruited, and minute steelhead survey season, WDFW biologists and amounts of LWD present, what little is present is Puyallup Tribe fisheries staff increased the survey generally quite old. coverage along the Carbon by making regular heli- Ranger Creek is a small left bank tributary of copter surveys of the river from the NPS boundary the Upper Carbon River. Ranger is an excellent at RM 23, to its confluence with the Puyallup River. salmonid stream in many ways; it has approximate- ly 0.5 miles of anadromous habitat and is located entirely within Mt. Rainier National Park. The ri- parian zone consists of old growth cedar, fir and hemlock which contribute essential woody debris and diversity to the channel. The lower 0.4 miles PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 26
- 27. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Carbon River Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1991-2009) 4,000 LIVE 3,289 3,225 3,500 DEAD 2,865 2,707 3,000 2,625 2,513 2,509 2,498 2,226 NUMBER OBSERVED 2,500 2,149 2,123 1,868 2,000 1,503 1,234 1,500 1,124 1,091 1,044 944 899 855 849 811 1,000 660 647 624 599 565 541 483 305 500 260 217 160 125 57 40 28 14 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED Carbon River Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 100 STEELHEAD REDDS 90 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 54 49 50 40 29 30 21 20 12 11 10 8 7 8 5 6 5 4 3 3 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED The 2008 & 2009 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey condition which prevented a regular full season of surveys. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 27
- 28. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED considerable development along the creek, primarily CLARKS rural residential. The anadromous reach of Clarks is a low gra- dient spring-fed stream (Maplewood Springs) with a CREEK 10.0027 pool-riffle character. The surveyed reach of the Clarks Creek (RM 3.4 to 3.7) provides abundant spawning opportunities for all species; however, up- stream migration is blocked by a dam at RM 3.7. Consequently, the dam also prevents the fluvial movement of gravel downstream to critical spawn- ing areas. Salmonberry, maple, and alder dominate the overstory riparian zone along much of the upper surveyed reach. The remaining stream channel be- low the surveyed reach (RM 3.4) contains little gra- vel and the substrate consists of fine sand and mud; subsequently, little or no spawning has been ob- served downstream of this point. WDFW operates a fish hatchery near the barrier dam on Clarks. The state operated hatchery raises trout for stocking lo- C larks Creek is an urban tributary flowing into cal lakes. Spawning size gravel was introduced into the lower Puyallup River, entering the Puyal- the channel from RM 3.5 to 3.7 in the fall of 1997, lup at RM 5.8. The Clarks Creek Basin and again in the summer of 1999. In addition to drains the plateaus and flatlands running along the gravel inputs, several log weirs have been placed southern valley of the lower Puyallup River, just above the interpretive bridge to aid in gravel reten- west of the city of Puyallup. The basin drains a 13 tion. This has greatly enhanced the spawning op- mi2 area, with an average flow of nearly 60 cfs (Ba- portunities for Chinook, pink, coho and chum sal- sin Gauge #12102075). Clarks has several smaller mon. Unfortunately, adult steelhead spawning ac- tributaries, including Diru and Rody creeks; both of tivity has seldom been observed in Clarks Creek which are salmon bearing streams supporting Chi- since 1997. However, steelhead are occasionally nook, coho, chum, pink, steelhead, and bull trout. captured or observed in tributaries of Clarks Creek. Woodland Creek and Meeker Ditch contribute addi- Due to limited availability of spawning habitat, tional flow. Several salmonid species are known to increased spawning densities of Chinook and chum utilize Clarks Creek for spawning, rearing and fo- often results in considerable redd superimposition raging. These include ESA threatened Chinook, throughout this short reach. There is often an ab- steelhead and bull trout; as well as non-listed spe- undance of chum fry during the spring (pink fry/ cies such as coho, pink, chum and cutthroat trout. odd years); as well as coho and Chinook fry Brown trout, a non-native species is also present in throughout spring and summer for cutthroat and the basin. juvenile Chinook to feed on. Adult fluvial bull trout Several fish and habitat limiting factors asso- are also known to forage in the smaller tributaries ciated with Clarks include; channel confinement, of the lower Puyallup, including Clarks Creek. complete fish barriers, no off-channel habitat, flood- In 2004, the Puyallup Tribe completed construc- ing and channel erosion, absent or deficient riparian tion of a Fall Chinook salmon hatchery on Clarks cover, water quality (pH & bacteria), conveyance of Creek (RM 1.0). The hatchery was constructed in storm water run-off, and the significant growth of order to address several fish management issues, elodea (Elodea canadensis). In addition, there is one of which includes minimizing the straying of adult Fall Chinook reared by the Puyallup Tribe. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 28
- 29. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 160 LIVE DEAD 140 REDDS 120 NUMBER OBSERVED 100 80 60 40 20 0 8/20/09 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 DATE SURVEYED Clarks Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1994-2009) 600 533 LIVE DEAD REDDS 500 418 396 400 NUMBER OBSERVED 319 317 289 283 300 191 200 145 137 131 116 109 103 103 103 101 100 93 87 78 100 74 63 60 59 58 53 50 50 46 42 38 34 34 30 30 29 27 22 18 16 15 12 11 11 10 10 10 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED Note: A high proportion of the Chinook observed in 2007, were jacks. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 29
- 30. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clarks Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 600 LIVE 550 DEAD 500 450 400 NUMBER OBSERVED 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 DATE SURVEYED Clarks Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 2,400 LIVE DEAD 2,000 1,662 1,600 NUMBER OBSEREVED 1,207 1,200 800 307 400 182 17 11 6 4 3 1 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 30
- 31. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 80 LIVE DEAD 70 60 NUMBER OBSERVED 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/6/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED Clarks Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1991-2009) 3,000 LIVE 2,433 2,500 DEAD 2,067 2,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 1,552 1,500 1,207 1,174 1,040 936 866 864 1,000 794 675 633 628 544 531 528 479 466 411 403 390 374 368 352 352 500 311 296 263 255 254 246 237 215 198 196 163 136 97 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 31
- 32. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Clarks Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1993-2009) 120 107 LIVE DEAD 100 82 80 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 46 43 40 27 26 24 24 22 20 14 11 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 32
- 33. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED cfs. Each of the four ponds has approximately CLARKS CREEK 12,000+ cubic feet of water volume, two ponds are concrete lined and designed to hold adult and juve- Salmon Hatchery niles, while the other two are natural acclimation ponds. Puyallup Tribe of Indians In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed. Salmon Hatchery Three of the acclimation ponds are used for reestab- lishing Fall Chinook and coho into a 30-mile reach in the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Dam. A fish ladder was constructed and completed in fall of 2000; for 97 years prior to the completion of the fish ladder the Electron diversion dam had been an anadromous barrier. Five additional acclimation ponds are located in the Upper White River drai- nage. These ponds are used for reestablishing White River Spring Chinook back into their endemic range. All ponds have approximately 10,000 cubic feet of rearing space and between 1 to 3 cubic feet per second flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. Spring Chi- nook acclimation pond was completed in the sum- mer of 2007 near George Creek. Capable of holding C larks Creek Salmon Hatchery is a Puyallup over 500,000 Spring Chinook, the construction of Tribe of Indians facility located at RM 1 on the acclimation pond was funded by the City of Ta- Clarks Creek (10.0027), a tributary to the coma as a result of a mitigation settlement Puyallup River. The Clarks Creek hatchery (below) The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re- was constructed in order to address several fish build depressed Chinook stocks and remove them management, and water supply issues including; from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limiting minimizing the straying of adult Fall Chinook harvest, and making substantial gains in habitat reared by the tribe; providing space for rearing and restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this acclimating White River Spring Chinook, chum and task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both in- winter steelhead if necessary; creating an indepen- ter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, dent and self sustaining fall and Spring Chinook and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated. program for the tribe; as well as providing a reliable Only the jump-starting of Chinook in habitat areas water supply to rear and expand fish production. devoid of fish has remained one of our biggest chal- Water is supplied from five vertical turbine lenges. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in pumps, each 20-horsepower. Each pump has a flow increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. capacity of 1,600 gpm. Each pump is capable of Hatchery rearing 200,000 Fall Chinook for release supplying one of four ponds with approximately 3.6 on station and 200,000 for acclimation ponds in the Clarks Creek salmon hatchery PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 33
- 34. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED upper Puyallup River for a combined 6,857 pounds building was completed at Clarks Creek. The incu- of fish. Historically, Fall Chinook have been reared bation building houses 32 incubator stack capable of since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objec- holding up to 77,000 Chinook eggs, for a total capac- tives. ity of approximately 2.5 million eggs (lower left). Once fish are ready to be moved from the incuba- Spring Chinook Hatchery Production tors, they can be place in one of the 16 aluminum The five-acclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe raceway-troughs and hand feeding can begin (upper operates are satellite facilities to the White River right). The troughs are 16 feet in length with a flow and Minter Creek Hatcheries Spring Chinook hat- rate of up to 25 gpm. When the fish are approx- cheries. The acclimation ponds are located in the imately 500/lbs., they are transferred to one of the upper White River Watershed on the Clearwater cement lined River (currently non- operational), Cripple Creek ponds. (currently non- operational), two ponds on Huckle- Holding berry Creek, and the Greenwater River pond near the Chinook George Creek. Production levels vary, but average in the cement around 400,000+ smolts; however, numbers of pond is only available smolts fluctuates based on available temporary un- brood-stock. They have a rearing capacity of ap- til they are up proximately 837,000 zero age smolts (less than 1 to a large year old). enough size, Raceway troughs usually sometime during late March to early April, Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production to be massed marked with an automated tagger In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart- (lower right). The automated fish tagging trailer is ment began acclimating and releasing Fall Chinook operated by the Northwest Indian Fisheries Com- from the Clarks Creek mission (NWIFC) out facility, discontinuing of Olympia. A propor- all Chinook releases tion of the young Chi- from the Diru Creek nook are implanted hatchery. Adult and with a coded wire tag jack Chinook begin (CWT) and the adipose moving into the hat- fin is removed. The chery holding pond in remaining fish are all September, and contin- massed marked by re- ue to arrive well into moving the adipose fin late October. Ripe only. The markings and (ready to spawn) adults CWT’s will be used to are collected 2-3 times a week. Eggs and sperm, at identify these Chinook Automated fish tagger a 1male-to-1 female ratio, are mixed in a small as hatchery origin fish in the future when they re- bucket to induce fertilization (above). Once the eggs turn to the hatchery, are caught by fisherman, or have been ferti- are observed on the spawning grounds. The CWT is lized, they are inscribed with a specific code that will identify the placed into an particular hatchery where the fish was tagged. incubator tray Once tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two until they hatch. natural acclimation ponds. The young Chinook are In early 2005, fed regularly to increase their size until they are construction of a ready to be released into the creek in late May or Egg incubators new incubation early June. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 34
- 35. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Fall Chinook Return @ Clarks Creek Hatchery 100 92 2009 total rack return: Males 531 Adults (224 Males/307 Females) 90 83 208 Jacks Females 79 Jacks 80 70 65 63 60 56 NUMBER OF CHINOOK 50 48 45 40 33 33 32 31 30 20 17 14 15 12 9 10 6 1 1 2 2 0 14-Aug-09 25-Aug-09 08-Sep-09 15-Sep-09 22-Sep-09 27-Sep-09 06-Oct-09 13-Oct-09 DATE SPAWNED Clarks Creek Salmon Hatchery Fall Chinook Rack Return (2005-2009) 1,600 ADULTS 1,400 JACKS 1,200 1,084 NUMBER OF CHINOOK 1,000 827 800 723 634 600 531 440 400 195 208 174 200 22 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 35
- 36. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Clarks Creek Hatchery Fall Chinook Salmon Smolt Releases (2004-2010) 1,800,000 FALL CHINOOK SMOLTS 1,600,000 1,538,977 1,400,000 NUMBER OF FALL CHINOOK SMOLTS RELEASED 1,200,000 990,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 523,000 462,328 418,240 400,000 240,630 200,000 163,880 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR Juvenile White River And Minter Creek Spring Chinook Outplants (2001-2010) 946,596 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 CLEARWATER 10.0080 COWSKULL MOWICH 10.0624 CRIPPLE 10.0086 GREENWATER 10.0122 HUCK AERIAL 10.0253 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 550,000 514,000 506,028 496,700 464,980 401,245 389,883 382,300 356,000 254,550 247,891 243,000 237,900 237,800 223,740 217,000 199,000 181,386 170,850 166,550 145,900 135,990 133,486 121,460 99,736 93,804 86,950 82,450 71,450 55,750 33,516 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 36
- 37. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED from RM 1.7 to 1.9. Although a significant section CLEAR CREEK of the riparian area is not intact, there are undercut banks and moderate amounts of in-stream cover. A high density of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundi- 10.0022 nacea) and other vegetation (watercress) chokes ap- proximately 300 feet of the spawning channel every summer; effectively trapping a significant amount of fine sediment which covers the available spawning gravel by several inches. An anadromous blockage in the form of a cement diversion dam is located at RM 1.9 (right); the dam is in place to ensure pathogen free water for hat- chery raised rainbow trout at the Trout Lodge facili- ty. Consequently, this also prevents the fluvial movement of gravel downstream to vital spawning areas. The reach above the dam is not surveyed; however, suitable spawning habitat does exist and could be utilized if access were established. The C draw off of water by the hatchery, specifically dur- lear Creek is a tributary to the lower Puyal- ing the summer and fall seasons, significantly re- lup River, joining with the Puyallup at RM duces the water throughout the bypass reach. The 2.9. The Clear Creek Basin (12.1 mi2) drains bypass reach is the section of stream from the water the plateaus and flatlands running along the south- intake for the hatchery, to ern valley of the lower Puyallup River, between the its discharge point down- cities of Puyallup and Tacoma. Clear Creek has stream. Chinook are often several tributaries which include; Swan Creek en- observed holding in a large tering at RM 0.2 on the left bank; Squally Creek in- pool located at the hatchery flowing at RM 1.4 on the left bank; Canyon Creek at discharge outlet. Unfortu- RM 1.6; and an unnamed tributary entering at RM nately, the low flows result- 3.05 on the right bank. Only Swan, Squally and ing from the hatchery draw Canyon creeks tributaries are accessible to adult regularly prevent Chinook salmon. from accessing the bypass Several salmonid species are known to utilize reach where suitable spawning habitat is available. Clear Creek for spawning, rearing and foraging. Late fall and winter flows are regularly sufficient This includes ESA threatened Chinook, steelhead for chum salmon (left) to spawn in the 0.2 miles of and bull trout; as well as, non-listed species includ- available habitat below the dam. Adult steelhead ing coho, pink, chum and cutthroat trout. Various and coho also utilize Clear Creek; however, escape- limiting factors involved with Clear Creek include; ment for theses two species is low. The lower Puyal- low flows, channel confinement, an anadromous lup tributaries often experience an abundance of barrier, lack of spawning habitat, aquatic noxious chum fry during the spring, as well as coho fry weeds, flooding and channel erosion, conveyance of throughout spring and summer for cutthroat, steel- storm water run-off, water quality (D.O. & bacte- head, and juvenile Chinook to feed on. Adult fluvial ria); as well as, absent or poor riparian cover. bull trout are also known to forage in the smaller Above Pioneer Way, Clear Creek flows as a low- tributaries of the lower Puyallup, including Clear to-moderate gradient pool-riffle stream before paral- Creek, which offers excellent foraging and overwin- leling the road for several hundred feet. The upper tering opportunities. anadromous reach contains good spawning gravel PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 37
- 38. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clear Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 DATE SURVEYED Clear Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 50 46 LIVE 45 DEAD 40 REDDS 34 35 NUMBER OBSERVED 30 26 25 25 22 21 20 17 14 15 11 11 10 9 10 8 8 8 8 7 6 5 5 5 3 2 1 1 1 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 38
- 39. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clear Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 40 LIVE DEAD 35 30 NUMBER OBSERVED 25 20 15 10 5 0 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 20 LIVE 18 DEAD 16 14 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/7/10 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 39
- 40. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Clear Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1994-2009) 1,200 1,088 LIVE 1,000 DEAD 796 788 800 NUMBER OBSERVED 680 642 600 479 478 460 436 426 382 340 400 303 276 260 233 201 196 166 163 162 200 131 122 114 110 83 50 29 17 4 4 0 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 40
- 41. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED ever, much of the spawning takes place in the low- CLEARWATER er 2 miles of the river, although fish and redds are often observed and documented in the upper reach- es later in the season. RIVER 10.0080 The substrate throughout much of the lower reach of the river consists of small cobbles and flat angular stone, with smaller spawning size gravel in the many of the lower gradient riffles and tail- outs. The riparian area is primarily second growth conifer forest; however, recent clear cutting is evi- dent along several areas of the upper and lower survey reach. The Clearwater River hosts several tributaries; such as, Falls, Mineral, Byron, Lyle, Lilly, and Milky creeks. There is some limited coho and pink spawning in both Byron and Mineral creeks. Mineral Creek is also the water source used for the Spring Chinook acclimation pond lo- cated along the Clearwater River (see next page). Some of the habitat and fish limiting factors as- sociated with the Clearwater River include, water T quality issues, timber harvesting (heavier silt load he Clearwater River is a large tributary to introduction) and channel confinement by logging the Upper White River, draining an area of roads which continues to affected the rivers natural nearly 40 mi2. The Clearwater is a non- morphology. Channel confinement has reduced the glacial river and originates on Bear Head Moun- adequacy of off channel habitat critical for adult tain, just west of the White River (south of Green- spawning, as well as overwintering for juvenile water). From Bear Head Mountain, the river flows Chinook, steelhead and coho. In addition, low in- just over 10.5 miles to its confluence with the stream flows are often encountered during the late White River at RM 35.3. The upper 5 miles of the summer and early fall, often preventing Chinook river runs through a steep narrow channel within from advancing beyond the lower 1 or 2 miles of the the Snoqualmie National Forest. The lower 5.5 river to spawn. Chinook, pink and coho are often miles of the Clearwater, flows within a broader val- seen holding in pools in the lower river for ex- ley plain located within the privately owned White tended periods of time before increased flows allow River tree farm (Hancock). further upstream migration. Despite these defi- Limited amounts of LWD are present in the lower channel, and much of what is present is un- dersized or hard- wood in origin. There are a series of cascades just above Lyle Creek at approximately RM 4.5; these cas- cades are consi- dered a block to further upstream Chinook migration. How- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 41
- 42. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED ciencies, the Clearwater River continues to support winter flows increase. The first pink salmon sur- a substantial number of Chinook, coho, pink and veys were conducted beginning in 2003. Prior to steelhead spawners. Bull trout utilization is un- 2003, few or no pinks were captured at the Buckley known, but presumed. trap to be transported upriver to spawn. Biologists A large assemblage (the dark with WDFW regularly survey the Clearwater for mass) of pink salmon in the steelhead spawning activity in the spring. Clearwater River. As part of the Spring Chinook recovery plan, the Puyallup Tribe has operated a Spring Chinook acclimation pond located at RM 3.2 since 1995. Approximately 200,000 plus Spring Chinook from the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are trans- ported to the Clearwater pond in early spring, and released in late May. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips. These acclimation pond fish are easily identified in the future when caught It’s important to note that all adult salmon and as adults or jacks at the USACE fish trap in Buck- steelhead that spawn in the Clearwater River were ley, and can be passed above Mud Mountain dam captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and to spawn naturally. Unfortunately, the road ac- transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since pre- cessing the cise escapement numbers for the upper White Riv- acclimation er drainage are known, surveys are conducted to pond was Acclimation determine fish distribution and spawning success. washed out pond This is especially important regarding Spring Chi- in January, nook, since adult production monitoring is part of 2009. As a the White River Spring Chinook recovery plan. result of the Puyallup tribal fisheries biologists survey the road failure, Clearwater annually for Chinook, coho and pink no Chinook (odd years) salmon. Coho have been observed in were planted in the Clear- Old road bed the Clearwater since surveys began for Chinook in 1991, but were not surveyed for until 2002. Coho water accli- survey data is often incomplete because it’s often mation pond difficult to survey the river when late autumn and during the 2009 season. The active river channel currently occupies the old road base (right); delay- ing or even preventing future repairs. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 42
- 43. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 30 LIVE DEAD REDDS 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 9/1/09 9/11/09 9/21/09 9/30/09 10/9/09 10/19/09 DATE SURVEYED Clearwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2009) 400 LIVE All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Clearwater DEAD 350 River were captured at the REDDS USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain 278 300 dam. Since precise escapement 274 272 numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, sur- NUMBER OBSERVED veys are conducted to determine 231 250 222 219 fish distribution and spawning success. 200 145 140 139 150 125 125 121 99 87 100 80 78 78 76 73 72 70 61 60 53 47 46 43 43 50 33 31 30 29 29 27 26 25 20 19 18 18 17 15 14 7 6 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 43
- 44. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Clearwater River Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 80,000 LIVE 70,000 All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Clearwater DEAD River were captured at the 60,000 USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain 47,627 dam. Since precise escapement numbers for the upper White NUMBER OBSEREVED 50,000 River drainage are known, sur- veys are conducted to determine fish distribution and spawning 40,000 success. 30,000 18,197 13,311 20,000 11,192 6,436 10,000 3,069 2,356 2,226 4 2 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED Clearwater River Juvenile Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond And River Plants (1996-2010) 400,000 POND PLANTS 350,000 RIVER PLANTS 300,000 237,900 237,800 226,500 NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED 217,000 207,870 250,000 199,000 198,800 193,375 175,000 200,000 149,980 127,498 120,393 150,000 72,600 100,000 32,300 50,000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED Approximately 200,000+ Spring Chinook from the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Clearwater pond in early spring, and then released in late May. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, and even years with right ventral clips. Road and pond damage (Jan. 2009 flood event) prevented fish from being planted in the Clearwater pond dur- ing the 2009 & 2010 acclimation seasons. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 44
- 45. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Clearwater River Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2010) 120 105 STEELHEAD REDDS 100 89 83 80 77 NUMBER OBSERVED The 2009 redd data is incomplete due to high 58 60 56 water conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys. 40 29 22 19 20 16 12 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Clearwater River were captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escapement numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, surveys are conducted to determine fish distribution and spawning success. All survey data for Clearwater steelhead was collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 45
- 46. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED for coho, pink and chum. Unfortunately, the majori- COAL MINE ty of the steam has little complexity; several por- tions of the creek have minimal natural bank pro- tection, little or no instream woody debris or quality CREEK 10.0432A spawning gravel. However, the creek does provide good quality rearing and overwintering conditions for juvenile salmonids. Coho juveniles are frequent- ly observed throughout the entire surveyed reach of the creek. Cutthroat are also ever-present in this small rural stream. It is likely that juvenile steel- head, the offspring from adult spawners in Wilkeson Creek, utilize Coal Mine for rearing, foraging and overwintering as well. Moderate rural development exists along the lower 0.5 mile section of the creek; consisting pri- marily of private family homes, county and private roads, as well as a rock quarry and public school. The creek flows through a fish passable cement box culvert approximately 0.15 miles up from the C mouth, and a second culvert near RM 0.6. When oal Mine Creek, which derived its name from the fish passable box culvert was installed under the local areas profound history in the coal Railroad Avenue several years ago, some complexity mining industry, is a small tributary to Wilke- had been added to the creek via a small restoration son Creek (10.0432). Wilkeson Creek in turn is a project which included the placement of small sill major tributary to South Prairie Creek (10.0429). logs, root wads, boulders, along with native tree and The creek flows southwest for just over a mile before vegetative plantings. The alder along the banks entering Wilkeson Creek near RM 5.7, just south of have since grown to provide improved coverage of the community of Wilkeson. the stream (top left photo). Coal Mine is one of 5 index streams in the Puyal- Spawning opportunities are noticeably reduced lup Watershed that is surveyed for coho by the downstream of the culvert crossing at Railroad Ave. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. State due to a narrow confined channel, in addition to a biologists use the coho escapement from five “Index” absence of suitable spawning gravel (right photo). tributaries (Coal Mine, Spiketon, Fiske, Fennel and Most of the substrate through this section consists Canyonfalls) to estimate the total escapement for of fine silt, sand, and exceedingly small patches of the Puyallup River. Surveys of the creek over the undersized gravel; however, relatively abundant past decade have yet to document adult Chinook or spawning gravel exists steelhead spawning utilization. Low instream sea- above the culvert. sonal flows in Wilkeson, as well as Coal Mine, are Nevertheless, several likely the strongest limiting factors preventing silty deposits exist these species from reaching the stream to spawn. throughout the entire Although inconsistent from season to season, small surveyed section. The numbers of chum have been observed spawning in rock and gravel quarry Coal Mine during the month of December. Bull site located near the trout utilization within this small stream is un- creek is one of the known. suspected sources of Coal Mine is a small order short run stream with the silt. moderately low gradient; making it somewhat ideal PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 46
- 47. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 30 LIVE DEAD 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 10/20/09 11/2/09 11/10/09 11/17/09 11/24/09 11/30/09 12/8/09 12/15/09 12/23/09 12/29/09 1/5/10 1/13/10 1/20/10 1/29/10 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Coal Mine Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. Coal Mine Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 300 LIVE DEAD 250 231 208 198 195 200 172 NUMBER OBSERVED 159 153 139 150 90 100 81 67 66 60 43 42 50 29 22 17 16 8 5 4 2 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED 2009 Coal Mine Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 47
- 48. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED nook (spring & fall), into a 26+ mile reach of the COW SKULL Upper Puyallup River. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. The pond is located just off the CREEK main channel of the Puyallup at RM 0.1. The pond holds approximately 14,000 cu. ft. of water with a flow rate of 1-3 cfs; in past years (2001-2007), 20,000 to 100,000+ coho yearlings were imprinted and released from Cow Skull annually. Coho yearl- ings originated from Voights Creek Hatchery, where they were adipose clipped and coded wire tagged for future identification. Fish were released at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds. The Puyallup Tribe currently rears approximately 100,000+ Fall Chinook for acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River. Historically, Fall Chinook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objectives. Spring Chinook are reared and transported from The WDFW Hupp C Springs facility located at RM 3 on Minter Creek. ow Skull Creek is not officially named by the The Cow Skull drainage flows within the Kapow- Washington State Board on Geographic sin tree farm, which is private timber property ma- Names; however, for easy identification the naged by Hancock. This high mountain stream ori- creek is referred to as “Cow Skull” by PTF staff. ginates from snowpack accumulations near 3,400’; Cow Skull Creek is a small left bank tributary to as well as, the upper Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at surface and RM 45.5. Unfortunately, anadromous salmon were groundwa- unable to access Cow Skull for nearly a century due ter from the to the streams location upstream of the Electron di- surrounding version dam. With the completion of the Electron valley. Cow fish ladder (@ RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, ana- Skull is non- dromous fish passage was restored for the first time glacial and since 1904. Restoring anadromous access to the up- flows north- per Puyallup River has made approximately 26+ west through miles of spawning, Planting coho into a steep narrow valley for much of its 1.2 mile Cow Skull acclima- rearing, and foraging length. The gradient decreases substantially over tion pond habitat above the di- the lower 0.46 miles; in so doing, provides beneficial version available for habitat for fish rearing, foraging and spawning. several species, in- Cow Skull supports juvenile Chinook (planted); as cluding Chinook, co- well as juvenile and adult coho (planted and NOR), ho, pink, steelhead, and cutthroat. Steelhead and bull trout utilization and bull trout. Cow is unknown. However, bull trout utilization is pre- Skull is the location sumed, to some degree, since the upper Puyallup is of one of two acclima- a documented occupied habitat area. Surveys for tion ponds used for steelhead conducted in 2009 did not reveal any reestablishing coho, spawning activity. and occasionally Chi- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 48
- 49. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Voights Creek Fall Juvenile Coho Salmon Acclimation Pond Outplants (1999-2010) 149,970 COWSKULL ACCLIMATION POND RUSHINGWATER ACCLIMATION POND LAKE KAPOWSIN 104,500 104,500 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 101,400 100,450 100,350 99,400 96,790 93,000 93,000 84,000 71,980 60,100 55,053 39,935 34,850 21,000 20,100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED Juvenile White River And Minter Creek Spring Chinook Outplants (2001-2010) 946,596 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 CLEARWATER 10.0080 COWSKULL MOWICH 10.0624 CRIPPLE 10.0086 GREENWATER 10.0122 HUCK AERIAL 10.0253 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 550,000 514,000 506,028 496,700 464,980 401,245 389,883 382,300 356,000 254,550 247,891 243,000 237,900 237,800 223,740 217,000 199,000 181,386 170,850 166,550 145,900 135,990 133,486 121,460 99,736 93,804 86,950 82,450 71,450 55,750 33,516 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 49
- 50. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Outplants (1995-2010) DIRU 10.0029 COWSKULL HYLEBOS 10.0013 MOWICH 10.0624 WILKESON 10.0432 CLARKS 10.0027 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 1,538,977 1,008,200 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 771,350 523,000 462,328 418,240 395,000 240,680 231,163 231,163 173,693 200,200 200,000 163,880 134,500 134,053 110,900 127,600 108,000 125,856 110,973 103,200 100,400 90,641 96,500 82,150 90,200 74,144 70,700 38,093 20,243 19,359 16,269 12,227 11,100 10,119 9,708 2,000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 50
- 51. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED increase in gradient, flow velocities, and the lack of DEER suitable spawning substrate (right). The gradient along the lower 1.2 miles is moderate with numer- ous deep pools. The substrate throughout a great CREEK 10.0865 deal of this spawning reach consists of small bould- ers, cobble, and flat angular stone; though, several pockets of good spawning medium are often located along the stream margins and pool tail-outs. Unfortunately, anadromous salmon were unable to access Deer Creek for nearly a century due to the streams location upstream of the Electron diversion dam on the Puyallup River. With the completion of the Electron fish ladder (@ RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage was restored for the first time since 1904. Restoring anadromous access to the upper Puyallup River has made approximate- ly 26+ miles of spawning, rearing, and foraging ha- bitat above the diversion available for several spe- cies, including Chinook, coho, pink, steelhead, and bull trout. Deer Creek is part of the surplus adult Chinook D eer Creek is a left bank headwater tributary and coho planting program. Deer Creek is one of to the Puyallup River; entering the upper the few streams in late summer and early fall with Puyallup at mile 45.7, approximately 0.6 adequate water flow to plant adult Chinook. Sur- miles below Swift Creek. This high mountain plus adult Chinook from the WDFW hatchery lo- stream flows northwest through a steep narrow gla- cated on Voights Creek are planted during late cial valley along the lower western slope of Mt. summer to early fall, and coho in late fall when Rainier. Nearly the entire 6.5 miles of the Deer available (left). The Puyallup Tribe has been haul- Creek drainage flows within the Mount Baker- ing surplus adults from Voights Creek and planting Snoqualmie National Forest and is non-glacial in them in the upper Puyallup Watershed since1997; origin. Instead, its sources originate from snowpack unfortunately no natural returns of Chinook or coho accumulations; as well as surface and groundwater have been documented in Deer Creek as a result of from the surrounding valley. The additional surface these efforts. However, natural returns of adult co- water sources consist of three tributaries including ho have occurred in Big Creek, and two unnamed tributaries. Unfortu- Rushingwater, Cow nately, these tributaries do not add any beneficial Skull, Niesson, and spawning or rearing habitat given their locations Kellog creeks. Deer well above natural anadromous barriers. Creek is not sur- Past forestry operations along the creek; primari- veyed regularly; ra- ly timber harvesting and road construction, had im- ther, it is spot pacted portions of the stream. Currently, a benefi- checked to see how cial riparian buffer zone of conifers and mixed deci- successful the adult plants were. The creek does; on duous trees exists along the majority of the creek. the other hand, have a resident population of cutth- The creek channel is confined by moderate to steep roat trout. It is also suspected that bull trout may valley walls, with an impassable falls located at ap- be present, since they are known to populate the proximately RM 2.7. Spawning is significantly re- Mowich River and upper Puyallup; however, bull duced upstream of RM 1.2 due to the substantial trout utilization is unknown, but presumed. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 51
- 52. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Deer Creek Surplus Adult Chinook Plants (2001-2009) 200 MALE CHINOOK 180 FEMALE CHINOOK 150 150 160 132 140 NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED 120 120 93 100 80 56 60 47 37 40 24 23 14 13 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PLANTED Deer Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (1997-2009) 2,500 ADULT COHO 2,031 2,000 NUMBER OF COHO PLANTED 1,500 1,225 1,048 1,026 1,020 1,000 697 671 645 524 506 500 417 500 305 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 52
- 53. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED tion of the acclimation pond was funded by the City DIRU CREEK of Tacoma as a result of a mitigation settlement. The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re- build depressed Chinook stocks and remove them Puyallup Tribe of Indians from ESA listing. Using acclimation ponds, limit- Salmon Hatchery 10.0029 ing harvest, and making substantial gains in habi- tat restoration, the tribe will be able to accomplish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnections both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated. Only the jump-starting of Chinook in habitat areas lacking or devoid of fish remains the largest challenge. Acclimation ponds are a proven method in increasing fish numbers on the spawn- ing grounds. Hatchery rearing 200,000 Fall Chi- nook for release on station and 200,000 for acclima- tion ponds in the upper Puyallup River for a com- D iru Creek Hatchery is located on Diru bined 6,857 pounds of fish. Historically, Fall Chi- Creek (Rainbow Springs), a tributary to nook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of Clarks Creek in Puyallup. Water for the stocks, goals, and objectives. hatchery is supplied from two pumped wells (800 Spring Chinook Hatchery Production gpm); as well as gravity flow from of Diru Creek The five acclimation ponds the Puyallup Tribe (200-500 gpm). Incubation consists of 20 vertical operate (Greenwater, Huckleberry, Huck Aerial*, stacks of 12 trays. Initial rearing uses 16 shallow Cripple*, and Clearwater*) are satellite facilities to troughs in the hatchery building. Additional rear- the White River and Minter Creek Hatcheries. ing containers include four 50’x5’x5’ raceways, two Production levels have been around 400,000 6696 cubic foot ponds (UP1 and UP2), and one smolts; however, it fluctuates based on available 13,000 cubic foot pond (below, left) that are also brood-stock. They have a production capacity of used for holding returning adults, as well as juve- 837,000 zero age smolts. niles. Fall Coho Hatchery Production In addition, the Puyallup Tribe operates seven Currently, 200,000 coho yearlings are imprinted acclimation ponds in the Puyallup Watershed. and released in the Upper Puyallup Watershed. Three of the acclimation ponds are used for rees- Coho originate from Voights Creek Hatchery where tablishing Fall Chinook and coho into a 30-mile 100,000 are adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. reach in the Upper Puyallup River above Electron Fish are released at 20 fish per pound, for a total Dam. Electron Dam has been an anadromous bar- biomass of 10,000 rier for 97 years. A fish ladder was constructed, pounds. and completed in fall of 2000. Three other acclima- Winter Chum Hat- tion ponds are located in the Upper White River chery Production drainage. These ponds are used for reestablishing The Puyallup White River Spring Chinook back into their endem- Tribe currently raises ic range. All ponds have approximately 10,000 cu- 1.5 to 2.3 million bic feet of rearing space and between 1 to 3 cubic chum smolts for re- feet per second flow. A new 35,000 cu. ft. Spring lease into the lower Chinook acclimation pond was completed in the Puyallup River. This summer of 2007 near George Creek. Capable of program significantly holding over 500,000 Spring Chinook, the construc- augments a Tribal Chum salmon fry PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 53
- 54. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED aluminum raceway-troughs and hand feeding can begin. The troughs are 16 feet in length with a flow rate of up to 25 gpm. When the fish are ap- proximately 500 to the pound, they are transferred to one of two cement lined rearing ponds. Holding the Chinook in the cement pond is only temporary until they are up to a large enough size, usually in late April, to be massed marked via an automated tagger. Once tagged, the fish are planted in one of the two natural acclimation ponds until they are released in late May or early June. White River Winter Steelhead Production In 2006, the Puyallup Tribe, in partnership with WDFW and the Muckleshoot Tribe, began artifi- cially propagating White River winter steelhead. Rearing young steelhead is an integral part of the White River winter steelhead pilot project, a pro- gram designed to increase winter steelhead es- capement in the White River. With the temporary closure of WDFW’s Voights Creek hatchery in Jan- Fertilizing chum eggs uary of 2009, the Puyallup Tribe has assumed the majority of responsibility for continuing this impor- river fishery and All Citizen purse seine fishery in tant restoration effort. Steelhead brood-stock (ap- East and West Pass in Puget Sound. This stock proximately 10 males and 10 females) are collected originated initially from Chambers Creek. Puyal- from the White River USACE fish trap in Buckley lup Tribal Fisheries releases 1000 to 3000 pounds and are cur- annually based on available brood- stock returns to rently held, Diru Creek Hatchery. The program was started in spawned, in- 1991 and has become self-sustaining. cubated, and Current Fall Chinook Hatchery Production reared at the In 2004, the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Depart- Puyallup ment began acclimating and releasing Fall Chinook Tribe’s Diru from its Clarks Creek facility, thereby disconti- Creek hat- nuing all Chinook releases from the Diru Creek chery for a Juvenile White River winter steelhead Hatchery. In early 2005, construction of a new in- year. After cubation building was completed at Clarks Creek. rearing for a year and fish are of size (approximate- The incubation building houses 32 incubator stack; ly 17 fish per pound), the pre-smolts are trans- each stack is capable of holding up to 77,000 Chi- ported to the Muckleshoot hatchery on the White nook eggs. This provides for a total capacity of ap- River to acclimate before being released into the proximately 2.5 White River. The project goal is to release between million eggs. 35,000-40,000 steelhead pre-smolts annually. This Once fish are project has already seen some success; several ready to be marked (coded wire tag) steelhead were captured moved from the and passed above Mud Mountain dam in 2009. incubators, they can be place in Fall Chinook one of the 16 *Pond is currently non-operational due to road access or site damage. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 54
- 55. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Diru Creek Hatchery Chum Salmon Escapement-Rack Return (1993-2009) 22,500 20,635 20,250 17,629 18,000 15,750 12,585 Number of Chum Salmon 13,500 11,393 11,250 10,050 9,752 9,000 7,150 6,750 5,229 3,954 4,500 3,446 3,320 3,168 2,701 1,645 2,314 1,632 2,250 1,276 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Diru Creek Chum Salmon Smolt Releases (1995-2010) 4,000,000 CHUM SMOLTS 3,500,000 2,690,200 3,000,000 2,494,894 2,385,220 2,330,996 2,315,090 NUMBER OF CHUM SMOLTS RELEASED 2,135,125 2,500,000 1,927,970 1,874,618 1,774,280 1,763,137 1,738,599 2,000,000 1,295,739 1,235,328 1,229,960 1,500,000 990,690 1,000,000 487,990 500,000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 55
- 56. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED White River Winter Steelhead Pre-Smolts Released from White River Hatchery (2007-2010) 80,000 STEELHEAD PRE-SMOLTS 70,000 56,378 60,000 Number of steelhead pre-smolts planted 50,000 40,000 31,900 25,650 25,631 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Blank Wire Tagged Steelhead Run-Timing at the Buckley Trap 2010 45 40 40 36 35 34 30 Number of BWT Steelhead 25 23 22 20 19 15 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 44 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 22 1 1 1 1 1 0 12-May 15-May 18-May 21-May 24-May 27-May 30-May 2-Jun 5-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jan 18-Jan 21-Jan 24-Jan 27-Jan 30-Jan 2-Feb 5-Feb 8-Feb 3-Apr 6-Apr 9-Apr 3-May 6-May 9-May 11-Jun 14-Jun 11-Feb 14-Feb 17-Feb 20-Feb 23-Feb 26-Feb 12-Apr 15-Apr 18-Apr 21-Apr 24-Apr 27-Apr 30-Apr 1-Mar 4-Mar 7-Mar 10-Mar 13-Mar 16-Mar 19-Mar 22-Mar 25-Mar 28-Mar 31-Mar Date PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 56
- 57. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Length Frequency for Blank Wire Tagged Steelhead Return at Buckley Trap 2010 140 120 100 80 Frequency 60 115 40 61 48 20 29 13 6 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 31 34 38 41 45 48 51 55 58 62 65 69 72 75 79 82 86 89 Length (cm) Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Outplants (1995-2010) 1,538,977 DIRU 10.0029 COWSKULL HYLEBOS 10.0013 MOWICH 10.0624 WILKESON 10.0432 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 1,008,200 CLARKS 10.0027 990,000 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 771,350 523,000 462,328 418,240 395,000 240,680 231,163 231,163 200,200 200,000 173,693 163,880 134,500 134,053 127,600 125,856 110,973 110,900 108,000 103,200 100,400 96,500 90,641 90,200 82,150 74,144 70,700 38,093 20,243 19,359 16,269 12,227 11,100 10,119 9,708 2,000 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 57
- 58. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Juvenile White River And Minter Creek Spring Chinook Outplants (2001-2010) 946,596 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 CLEARWATER 10.0080 COWSKULL MOWICH 10.0624 CRIPPLE 10.0086 GREENWATER 10.0122 HUCK AERIAL 10.0253 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 550,000 514,000 506,028 496,700 464,980 401,245 389,883 382,300 356,000 254,550 247,891 243,000 237,900 237,800 223,740 217,000 199,000 181,386 170,850 166,550 145,900 135,990 133,486 121,460 99,736 93,804 86,950 82,450 71,450 55,750 33,516 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED Voights Creek Fall Juvenile Coho Salmon Outplants (1999-2010) 149,970 COWSKULL ACCLIMATION POND RUSHINGWATER ACCLIMATION POND LAKE KAPOWSIN 104,500 104,500 101,400 100,450 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 100,350 99,400 96,790 93,000 93,000 84,000 71,980 60,100 55,053 39,935 34,850 21,000 20,100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 58
- 59. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED this point. However, higher flows would DISCOVERY undoubtedly provide access to the upper reach. The remaining 0.5 miles of the creek meanders through CREEK the edge of the forested area along the White River floodplain (left photo). The creek channel gradient increases slightly, as well as the stream complexity due to some small debris jams and LWD input. The surrounding riparian consists of primarily mature conifers with a limited number of mixed deciduous trees. Near RM 0.5 the creek turns sharply into the base of a small valley ridge. From 2005-2007, PTF biologists conducted ex- tensive bull trout migration telemetry studies and redd surveys along the upper White River and West Fork White River; focusing heavily on the headwa- ters located within Mt. Rainier National Park. The study results determined that the cold high moun- tain streams located within the National Park, in- cluding Discovery, provide the majority of the criti- D iscovery Creek is not officially named by the cal bull trout spawning habitat in the basin. In ad- Washington State Board on Geographic dition, bull trout spawning was less frequent in this Names, nor is it identified on most topologi- tributary compared to that observed in several sig- cal or hydrological maps; however, for easy identifi- nificant headwater tributaries located along the cation the creek is referred to as “Discovery Creek” White River, such as Klickitat and No Name. by PTF staff. Discovery Creek is a small right bank Spawn- tributary to the upper White River; this small creek ing activity was discovered in 2007 while conducting telemetry has been and spawning ground surveys for bull trout, hence observed in the name. As with most of the headwater tributa- the lower ries of the White, the elevation of this creek is likely 150-200 feet too high for Chinook, coho and pink salmon. Dis- of the creek covery Creek originates from an underground over the spring at the base of a small ridge running parallel past three to the White River access road. Discovery Creek seasons Spawning bull trout enters the White River just upstream of Shaw Creek (2007-2009). During the 2007 season, bull trout at approximately RM 69.5, and provides 0.5 miles of were observed spawning in Discovery Creek during exceptional habitat conditions for bull trout rearing mid September. Two of the bull trout observed and spawning. spawning were part of the migration telemetry The first 150-200 feet of the creek is low gradient study (right photo-the top bull trout is the male; the and flows within the channel migration zone of the lower is female). Both bull trout were surgically White River (top left photo). The habitat within this implanted with LOTEK Wireless Inc.’s NanoTag section offers suitable spawning conditions for bull Series transmitters (NTC-4-2L) and released near trout. However, during the 2007-2009 survey the Greenwater River (RM 45) in late June. The seasons, a 2-3 foot jump in the creek channel, fish were then tracked to the creek where they were combined with the low summer flow (approx. 2-3 observed spawning together beneath a channel cfs.) prevented bull trout from migrating beyond PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 59
- 60. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED spanning piece of LWD in the lower 75 feet of the creek. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 60
- 61. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Discovery Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8/24/09 9/3/09 9/28/09 10/7/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Discovery Creek can be found in Appendix D. Discovery Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2007-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 61
- 62. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED and steelhead; as well as ELECTRON coho, cutthroat and rain- bow trout are diverted down the flume and into FISH BYPASS the fore bay annually. Many of the juvenile fish diverted into the fore bay FACILITY are drawn to the pens- tocks (intake) of the po- werhouse, and are sub- PUGET SOUND ENERGY sequently destroyed. PUYALLUP RIVER Adults are too large to Fish by-pass trap pass through the penstock screens. DIVERSION In 2001, PSE completed construction of a fish by- pass facility to help address the fish losses in the fore bay. Even after the fish trap went on-line, Chi- nook and coho losses have continued to range be- tween 60-80%; with coho rates being slightly higher than Chinook. Continuing efforts are being made by the Puyallup Tribe and PSE to reduce these losses. Upon entering the forebay, water flow is diverted towards the fish trap by large steel plates suspended Forebay (background) and the fish by-pass trapping facility by buoys. An ex- P clusionary guide uget Sound Energy’s (PSE) Electron Hydroe- net is also in place lectric facility utilizes water diverted from across the fore bay during the annual smolt migra- the Puyallup River at RM 41.7 (bottom pho- tion period. Many of the smolts caught during this to). The diverted water is channeled 10.1 miles period are fish that have escaped from holding through a flume and settling pond before collecting ponds above the diversion dam. These efforts are into a small reservoir, or forebay (upper left). The made to direct the fish into the trap where they are water held in the forebay is used to generate power crowded into a hopper, and then deposited into a via four turbines located in the power house approx- large holding tank (right center). Fish are dip- imately 800 feet below the fore bay. Thousands of netted from the holding tank and placed into a salmonids, including threatened Chinook, bull trout, smaller container and anesthetized, identified and measured. Finally, fish are placed into a water trailer for transport down to the powerhouse where they are released back into the Puyallup River at RM 31.2. The Electron fish ladder (left side of photo), diversion dam (center), and headworks (Winter 2008). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 62
- 63. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Fish Captured and Sampled in Electron Fish By-Pass Trap (1-4-2010 to 6-30-2010) 35,000 30,863 30,000 25,000 20,000 Number of fish 15,000 10,000 5,000 3,549 2,537 2,637 45 21 61 7 0 2 33 4 1 0 CUTT STHD (S) COHO 1+ (U) RNB/STHD (F) COHO 1+ (M) CHAR CHIN 0 (M) COHO 0 (U) STHD (A) ADULTS CHIN (U) RAINBOW CHIN 1+ (M) Species M: Marked Fish (fin clip), Hatchery Origin - U: Unmarked Fish, Wild Origin - 0: Young of the Year - 1+: 1 Year+ age Fish, S: Smolt PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 63
- 64. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED channel containing excellent, if somewhat unstable FENNEL spawning gravels; as well as much lower amounts of LWD and less channel complexity then what is found upstream. Approximately 0.2 miles up- CREEK 10.0406 stream of the McCutcheon Bridge is a short run spring fed tributary, Fennel Tributary, which con- tains excellent spawning gravel and frequently sup- ports high densities of adult chum spawners. The upper anadromous reach of Fennel Creek is a complex, moderate gradient, pool-riffle/step-pool stream flowing through a broad valley (left photo). Victor falls, at RM 1.9, blocks any further upstream migration. The riparian zone is well intact due to little or no agricultural or residential land use de- velopment along most of the creek channel; the overstory riparian consists of a mature hardwood and conifer forest with a dense understory of sal- monberry and vine maple. Throughout the upper 1.5 mile anadromous stretch, abundant LWD lies in F and adjacent to the channel; as well as several small ennel Creek (Kelly Cr.) flows nearly 8 miles in-stream logjams. Spawning gravel is abundant from its source of wetlands and lowland and excellent throughout this reach, as are numer- lakes located on the plateau near Bonney ous deep resting pools for juveniles and adult mi- Lake and HWY 410; to its eventual convergence grants. with the Puyallup River near Alderton at RM 15.5. Uniquely, Fennel Creek experiences an early With a drainage area of over 6.5 square miles, Fen- run of chum salmon each year; with fish often enter- nel Creek provides approximately 2 miles of ana- ing the creek in late October, nearly three weeks dromous usage. A natural 100 foot barrier falls earlier than most lower Puyallup tributaries. Also (Victor Falls) is located at river mile 1.9. The ana- noteworthy, is the unprecedented number of Chi- dromous reach provides abundant suitable habitat nook adults observed spawning in the creek during for Chinook, coho, pink, chum, and steelhead. Pink the 2007 season. Although carcass sampling and chum salmon are undoubtedly the most prolific showed that around 85% were hatchery origin; over species to spawn in the creek; unfortunately, steel- 150 adult Chinook were counted in the creek, dwarf- head escapement has dropped precipitously over the ing the average seasonal count. Coho and chum past decade. Bull trout utilization in Fennel Creek seasonal totals on the following pages include both is unknown; however, it is assumed that Adult Fennel Creek, and Fennel Tributary data combined. fluvial bull trout which are often caught in the In May of 2009, a 9.75-acre land conservation Puyallup River near Fennel, and are known to fo- area along Fennel Creek in Bonney Lake was rage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyal- created through a cooperative partnership between lup, likely exploit prey species in Fennel Creek as Pierce County, the City of Bonney Lake, and the well. Other species present throughout Fennel in- Cascade Land Conservancy. The land conservancy clude cutthroat trout, sculpins, sticklebacks, and will protect habitat along Fennel Creek and will lamprey. eventually be the location of the Fennel Creek The lowest reach of the creek, extending from the Trailhead. For more information on Fennel Creek, mouth to McCutcheon Rd. Bridge (0.3 miles), flows or if you would like to support preservation efforts primarily within the Puyallup River flood plain. on the creek, go to www.fennelcreek.org. This section of the creek consists of a low gradient PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 64
- 65. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 30 LIVE DEAD REDDS 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/14/09 10/22/09 DATE SURVEYED Fennel Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 160 153 LIVE DEAD 140 124 REDDS 120 NUMBER OBSERVED 100 80 63 60 53 40 28 25 21 21 14 20 13 10 9 9 8 8 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 65
- 66. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Fennel Creek Chinook Carcass Sampling ( 2003-2009) 120 CARCASSES SAMPLED 103 CWT & ADIPOSE CLIP (FALL/HATCHERY ORIGIN) 100 ADIPOSE CLIP ONLY (HATCHERY ORIGIN) WILD UNMARKED 86 80 NUMBER OF CHINOOK 60 40 25 23 20 15 5 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SAMPLED 2009 Fennel Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 5,000 LIVE 4,500 DEAD 4,000 3,500 NUMBER OBSERVED 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 8/31/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/14/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 66
- 67. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Fennel Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 20,000 LIVE DEAD 15,630 16,000 NUMBER OBSEREVED 12,000 8,000 3,785 3,709 3,324 4,000 1,273 772 644 197 92 14 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED Fennel Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 300 275 LIVE DEAD 237 250 186 200 NUMBER OBSERVED 133 150 100 75 72 57 56 46 39 50 32 28 26 16 14 13 11 11 11 6 5 3 1 1 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED 2009 Fennel Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 67
- 68. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Fennel Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 250 LIVE DEAD 200 NUMBER OBSERVED 150 100 50 0 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/10/09 11/22/09 11/30/09 12/8/09 12/18/09 12/29/09 1/13/10 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Fennel Creek chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW and PTF. 2009 Fennel Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE 90 DEAD 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/10/09 11/22/09 11/30/09 12/8/09 12/18/09 12/29/09 1/5/10 1/13/10 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Fennel Tributary graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW and PTF. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 68
- 69. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Fennel Creek and Tributary Chum Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 10,000 8,975 LIVE 9,000 DEAD 8,000 7,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 5,308 5,253 6,000 4,911 4,537 4,501 4,472 4,292 5,000 3,867 3,571 4,000 2,655 2,381 3,000 1,759 2,000 1,199 972 914 874 859 678 658 541 478 1,000 437 380 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED 2009 Fennel Creek and Fennel Tributary chum graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW and PTF biologists. Fennel Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2010) 10 STEELHEAD REDDS 9 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 69
- 70. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED to utilize the mainstem river; however, it’s currently FISKE unknown what bull trout utilization is, if any, with- in Fiske. Fiske Creek is a small stream flowing just over 2 CREEK 10.0596 miles, with a small unnamed tributary entering its right bank at RM 1.0. The upper headwaters reach is primarily cascades/step pool, with a substrate consisting primarily of large cobble and boulders. The lower reach of the creek consists of a low to moderate gradient pool-riffle channel with moderate riparian cover from the surrounding conifer and de- ciduous forest. Relatively abundant spawning gra- vel exists throughout most of the stream, but is somewhat compacted in the lower portion of the channel There are several limiting factors affecting fish and habitat within Fiske. The creek channel is con- fined due to natural channel cutting, steep banks and rip-raped banks. Along the road and within the F boundaries of private property, the channel is slightly iske Creek is a small tributary to the Puyal- incised and lacks any real complexity or off-channel lup River, entering the Puyallup at approx- habitat such as wetlands, side channels, or large imately RM 26.6. Fiske Creek, (fiske is a woody debris. Moderate amounts of residential and Swedish word meaning “fish”) is one of 5 index other land use development exist along the creek, streams in the Puyallup Watershed surveyed for including private forest management. Land use coho by the Washington Department of Fish and along the lower reach consists mostly of private Wildlife. State biologists use the coho escapement family residences and a county road (Brooks Road) from five “index” tributaries (Coal Mine, Spiketon, which often traverses the creek. In addition, water Fiske, Fennel and Canyonfalls creeks) to estimate is regularly the total escapement for the Puyallup River. diverted Coho are the only species observed spawning from the within Fiske Creek in significant numbers, although creek into a those numbers are relatively low (average 37, range private 0-141). In the past, steelhead and chum have been pond on the documented spawning in the creek as well. Unfor- lower reach. tunately, seasonal The creek flows within Fiske passes Creek are often inade- through a quate to allow access couple of small, yet fish passable culverts (right), as for Chinook or steel- well as a low narrow bridge located approximately head to spawn, and 0.3 miles up from its mouth. Several years ago, the streams location in some complexity was added to the creek via a small the watershed, nearly restoration project which included the placement of 27 miles from the small sill logs and boulders. However, tremendous mouth, make is less improvements are possible to stream channel habi- than ideal for chum. tat and instream flows. Bull trout are known PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 70
- 71. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Fiske Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 80 LIVE DEAD 70 60 50 NUMBER OBSERVED 40 30 20 10 0 10/20/09 11/2/09 11/10/09 11/17/09 11/22/09 11/30/09 12/8/09 12/18/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Fiske Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. Fiske Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 180 160 LIVE DEAD 141 140 120 NUMBER OBSERVED 100 87 80 61 60 40 33 40 29 25 25 23 16 16 16 15 20 12 10 6 5 5 3 2 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED 2009 Fiske Creek coho graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 71
- 72. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED to acclimation ponds in the upper Puyallup River FOX (Cowskull and Rushingwater) or Lake Kapowsin. Each spring; as many as 200,000+ coho yearlings are imprinted and released from the acclimation CREEK 10.0608 ponds, or are planted directly into the lake. All fish are marked with an adipose fin clip and approx- imately half are implanted with a coded wire tag, in addition to an adipose fin clip. From its confluence with the Puyallup River, to approximately RM 0.3, Fox is a low gradient pool- riffle stream flowing through a moderately dense forested area consisting mostly of alders. There is abundant spawning habitat; coho, chum and steel- head redds have been observed within this lower reach. Beyond this, from RM 0.3 to 0.5 the creek meanders through a grassy area with little riparian cover and moderate amounts of fine materials ob- scuring the gravelly substrate (right). The channel is relatively narrow and incised, yet coho spawning F is prolific throughout the entire segment. This ox Creek joins the Puyallup River at RM “middle reach” often has the highest spawning den- 29.5. Fox Creek is primarily a coho stream, sities. Beyond RM 0.5, Fox becomes a moderate with fish likely ascending as far up as the gradient step- Kapowsin tree farm’s 6 Rd; however, the majority of pool/riffle stream with spawning occurs within the first mile of the creek. good pool frequency, Fox Creek flows within the Kapowsin tree farm along with adequate (Hancock Forest Resource Group), where roads and small conifer and timber harvesting have impacted several portions of hardwood riparian the stream in the past. The most suitable spawning cover. There are few habitat exists from the mouth, up to the Road 1 mature conifers in Bridge. The first significant pink salmon escape- this reach, although ment was observed during the 2009 season. Al- many young Grand though sporadic, chum and steelhead spawning ac- firs were planted as a tivity has been observed in the past. part of a past restora- Extensive sampling of coho carcasses for coded tion project. wire tags and fin clips has revealed that a large per- A substantial amount of beaver (Castor canaden- centage of the spawners in Fox are Voights Creek sis) activity exists throughout Fox Creek. Beaver hatchery dams, some up to six feet in height, often completely origin block and prevent fish from migrating upstream. fish. As Dams located along the lower mile of the creek are juveniles, often breached during the beginning of the coho sea- these fish son to allow fish access to the spawning habitat were relo- above. Currently, the lower reach of the creek (RM cated from 0-0.15) is a low gradient channel flowing within the Voights open channel migration zone of the Puyallup River, Creek where it is repeatedly manipulated by mainstem hatchery river incursions (top left). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 72
- 73. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Fox Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE 90 DEAD 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 9/21/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Fox Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 350 LIVE DEAD 300 250 NUMBER OBSERVED 200 150 100 50 0 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 11/23/09 12/3/09 12/10/09 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 73
- 74. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Fox Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2009) 1,400 1,230 LIVE DEAD 1,200 1,054 1,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 745 732 800 721 540 600 461 429 382 378 355 400 304 237 151 200 112 111 104 72 67 49 44 39 21 18 17 9 7 7 2 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 74
- 75. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED migration. The creek is almost entirely bordered by FRYINGPAN an old growth coniferous forest, and the water is cooled year round by glacial melt water from Fryingpan Glacier. In addition to the glacial influ- CREEK 10.0369 enced mainstem flow, there are several smaller nonglacial tributaries contributing flow along Fryingpan’s nearly 4.7 mile length. The first 1.4 miles of the creek consists of a large active braided channel that is low-to-moderate gra- dient (lower left). Several patches of excellent spawning gravel are available throughout this lower reach of the creek. Considerable amounts of LWD are present in the channel, although a great deal of it doesn’t interact with the stream during average seasonal flows. Nevertheless, ample amounts of LWD are embedded in the creek channel creating beneficial fish habitat. In addition to spawning ha- bitat, numerous pools and side channels are lo- cated throughout this F ryingpan Creek is a moderate sized right lower reach; providing bank tributary to the Upper White River. excellent rearing habi- This headwaters creek is surveyed for bull tat for juvenile fish. trout from late August through September. Unfor- Wright Creek, a right tunately, the 3700’+ elevation is likely too high for bank tributary located most salmonids; however, steelhead are quite capa- at RM 1.5, provides ad- ble of ascending to this headwater tributary to ditional spawning habi- spawn; therefore, this should not preclude the pos- tat for bull trout (ap- sibility of steelhead utilization within this stream. prox. 0.15 mi.). Fryingpan does host a population of resident cutth- From approximately roat and bull trout; providing excellent rearing and RM 1.4 to the falls, the spawning habitat for these two species. channel begins to narrow considerably due to the Fryingpan enters the White River north of Su- confinement created by steep upper valley walls. nrise Park Road at approximately RM 70.5. The channel assumes a step-pool configuration from Fryingpan provides approximately 1.7 miles of ana- this point on. Throughout this final reach of fish dromous usage. A falls (center right) located at ap- utilization, spawning opportunities are reduced due proximately RM 1.7 blocks any further upstream to the increased gradient, predominately larger sub- strate and rapid flows encountered. Bull trout have been documented as- cending as far as the base of the falls. In 2006 and 2007, Puyallup Tri- bal Fisheries staff radio tagged bull trout (9 fish in 2006 & 19 fish in 2007) captured in the USACE fish trap near Buckley. Subsequently, PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 75
- 76. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED a few of these bull trout were tracked from their re- eral habitat along the upper mainstem White River lease site at RM 45 on the White River (near the and associate tributaries. town of Greenwater) to Fryingpan Creek and its tri- Bull trout habitat throughout the Puyallup and butary Wright Creek. Spawning was observed in White rivers has been severely impacted by over a both creeks during the month of September. century of land and water resource exploitation; in- Resident bull trout reside in smaller headwater cluding, damming and substantial water diversions, tributaries, while fluvial bull trout frequently travel considerable riparian alterations (deforestation), long distances; utilizing the mainstem rivers and dewatering and low instream flow regimes, as well larger tributaries to forage and overwinter. During as significant channel manipulation. These impacts the fall, migratory forms of bull trout journey from have lead to a marked deterioration in land and hy- spawning and rearing habitats in the upper wa- drological behavior within these river systems by tershed to foraging and overwintering habitats lo- causing water flow of poorer quality, quantity and cated lower in the river system. Beginning in timing. Several limiting factors are involved with spring and early summer, they begin the return regards to the healthy function of stream habitat journey back to spawning and rearing areas high in and bull trout populations in the watershed; includ- the watershed. In response to changing habitat and ing lost or diminished habitat connectivity and mi- reproductive needs, migratory bull trout in the gration corridors (human-made fish passage bar- White River travel up to 75 riers), fragmentation and miles or more between the reduction of habitat quality lower river and headwaters (entrainment, transportation located in or near Mt. networks, forest manage- Rainier N.P. To accomplish ment practices and opera- this, bull trout require un- tions, direct water with- obstructed migration corri- drawal); in addition to, water dors and connectivity of quality, fish entrainment streams and rivers in order and entrapment, unknown to provide them with access species interactions, and po- to spawning, rearing, forag- tential climate change im- ing, and overwintering ha- pacts (changes in flow re- bitats. gimes, scour effects, thermal variations, changes in Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the water chemistry). first three weeks in September, however, spawning Bull trout are primarily piscivorous (fish eaters). has been observed taking place from the last week However, they are extremely opportunistic feeders, of August through the first week of October. Bull feeding on a variety of prey items depending on trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn their particular life history strategy and stage of more than once); therefore, recovering pre-or-post development. Adults feed almost exclusively on spawn mortalities for examination is extremely other fish, including a range of salmon and trout rare. Spawners in the upper White River tributa- species; as well as other resident fish species. Juve- ries are observed utilizing various sized substrate niles feed on aquatic invertebrates, including stone- from small gravels to small cobble. Redds are often flies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), and constructed in the tail-out of pools and along the mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Bull trout require a channel margins. Embryonic development is slow healthy aquatic environment in order to survive and (depending on water temperatures); it may take be- flourish. Furthermore, they need an environment tween 165-235 days for eggs to hatch and for alevin that provides the necessary prey base; in addition to to absorb their yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry the rearing and reproductive habitat essential to emerge in late winter and early spring. Young fry ensure their continued survival and reproductive can often be seen by mid March foraging in the lat- success. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 76
- 77. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED dant high quality spawning gravel. Much of the GREENWATER river flows through U.S. Forest Service land and the riparian zone consists primarily of second growth RIVER 10.0122 conifers, and hardwoods. Forestry operations along the river, primarily timber harvesting and road con- struction, currently and in the past, impacted por- tions of the stream. Only limited amounts of LWD exist in the channel, and the average size reflects the surrounding young forest and is therefore gen- erally small in nature. What large wood exists is usually quite old, yet is located too far from the riv- er channel. The Greenwater is surveyed for both Chinook and steelhead by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, but not for coho. As with all up- per White River surveys; adult salmon and steel- head that spawn in the Greenwater River were cap- tured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since pre- cise escapement numbers for the upper White River T he Greenwater River is a right bank tributary drainage are known, surveys are conducted to de- to the upper mainstem White River. The termine fish distribution and spawning success. The Greenwater originates in the Norse Peaks Upper White River coho escapement is derived from Wilderness area on Castle Mountain and flows wes- counts made at the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buck- terly until it converges with the White River (RM ley trap. 46) near the small town of Greenwater. The In the spring of 2007, the Puyallup tribe trans- Greenwater basin drains an area over 73 square ported 223,740 juvenile Spring Chinook from miles with an average water discharge of 210 cfs WDFW’s Minter Creek facility, to the Greenwater (USGS gauge #12097500). Several significant tribu- River. These fish were planted directly into the taries contribute flow along the Greenwater River’s creek since there was no acclimation pond available 21 mile course, including Pyramid, Lost, Maggie, on the Greenwater prior to 2007. To address this Slide, and Twenty-eight Mile creeks. Historically, issue, a new the Greenwater River has supported ESA listed 35,000 cu. ft. Spring Chinook and steelhead (2007 ESA listing). Spring Chi- In addition to Chinook and steelhead, the Greenwa- nook accli- ter supports large runs of pink and coho salmon. mation pond Traditionally, the Greenwater Basin has also was com- ported a substantial pleted in the amount of recreation- summer of al use, which has had 2007 near its impact on fish and George Creek (right photo). Capable of holding over wildlife issues. 500,000 Spring Chinook (550,000 in 2008 & 830,996 The Greenwater is in 2009), the construction of the acclimation pond a medium sized, low was funded by the City of Tacoma as a result of a gradient pool-riffle mitigation settlement. Design engineering was stream with abun- funded by the Pacific Coast Salmon Recovery Fund (PCSRF). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 77
- 78. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Greenwater River Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 800 All adult salmon and steelhead LIVE that spawn in the Clearwater DEAD 700 River were captured at the USACE fish trap in Buckley, and REDDS transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escapement 559 600 numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, sur- veys are conducted to determine NUMBER OBSERVED 500 fish distribution and spawning N success. o 390 370 400 t 318 S 277 275 300 u 249 244 236 r 219 219 192 190 v 170 200 e 127 122 116 107 101 91 y 81 80 73 100 e 63 49 44 42 29 d 26 25 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED 2008 Greenwater River Chinook and Steelhead graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. Greenwater River Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (2002-2010) 80 STEELHEAD REDDS 70 60 56 50 N N N N 50 NUMBER OBSERVED o o o o 41 t t t t 40 S S S S u u u u 30 27 r 24 r r r v v v v 20 e e e e y y y y 10 e e e e d d d d 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 78
- 79. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Juvenile White River And Minter Creek Spring Chinook Outplants (2001-2010) 946,596 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 CLEARWATER 10.0080 COWSKULL MOWICH 10.0624 CRIPPLE 10.0086 GREENWATER 10.0122 HUCK AERIAL 10.0253 RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 550,000 514,000 506,028 496,700 464,980 401,245 389,883 382,300 356,000 254,550 247,891 243,000 237,900 237,800 223,740 217,000 199,000 181,386 170,850 166,550 145,900 135,990 133,486 121,460 99,736 93,804 86,950 82,450 71,450 55,750 33,516 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 79
- 80. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED eral logjams, as well as free and fixed channel HUCKLEBERRY spanning structures. Since 1994, the Puyallup Tribe has operated two CREEK 10.0253 ponds used for acclimating Spring Chinook which are planted in March, and released in May or early June. The Spring Chinook plants are an integral part of the White River Spring Chinook recovery plan. The juvenile Spring Chinook originated from the Muckleshoot White River Hatchery and WDFW’s hatchery on Minter Creek. Production levels have been around 400,000 smolts; although, it fluctuates based on available brood-stock. They have a production capacity of 837,000 zero age smolts. Between 100,000 to 500,000+ Spring Chi- nook from the WDFW Minter Creek facility and the Muckleshoot White River hatchery are transported to the Huckleberry Creek acclimation ponds in early spring, and released in late spring. All fish are mass marked with left or right ventral fin clips. Odd brood years are marked with left ventral clips, H uckleberry Creek is a tributary to the Upper and even years with right ventral clips. These fish White River. The creek originates from the can later be identified when caught at the USACE Huckleberry basin along the North Slope of fish trap in Buckley and passed above the Mud Mt. Rainier and is non-glacial. The creek flows Mountain dam to spawn. The water intake for the through the National Park and Snoqualmie Na- lower Huckleberry pond was destroyed in the No- tional Forest lands before meeting the West Fork of vember 2006 flood event (repaired in summer of the White at RM 53.1. The lower 0.5 miles consists 2007); preventing fish from being planted in the of a low gradient, occasionally braided channel with lower pond during the spring of 2007. a large side channel complex breaking off around As with all upper White River tributaries, adult RM 0.3. The surrounding riparian is a mixture of salmon and steelhead that spawn in Huckleberry conifers and deciduous trees. The spawning gravel Creek were captured at the USACE fish trap in is excellent in the first half mile reach, which con- Buckley, then sistently supports the highest densities of Spring transported Chinook and coho spawners each season; as well as, and released a significant escapement of pinks (top left) on odd approximately years. Steelhead usage has also been documented 4 miles above in Huckleberry; however, steelhead surveys have Mud Moun- not been conducted for several years. Bull trout tain Dam. presence has been documented; however, the extent Since precise of utilization is unknown. adult fish es- The gradient increases slightly From RM 0.5 to capement for 1.5, but the gravel quality remains excellent, al- the upper White River drainage is known, spawn- though slightly larger and patchy in nature. The ing surveys are conducted to determine fish distri- riparian corridor consists of old growth conifers up- bution and spawning success. This is important stream of the acclimation pond at RM 0.5, offering regarding Spring Chinook, since adult production excellent LWD recruitment. In-stream LWD is monitoring is part of the recovery plan process. moderate throughout the entire creek, creating sev- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 80
- 81. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8/21/09 9/1/09 9/11/09 9/21/09 9/30/09 10/9/09 10/19/09 DATE SURVEYED Upper White River surveys show distribution and timing. Actual escapement totals are known from the USACE trap counts. Huckleberry Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 500 All adult salmon and steelhead LIVE 437 450 that spawn in the Clearwater DEAD River were captured at the REDDS USACE fish trap in Buckley, and 400 transported above Mud Mountain dam. Since precise escapement 350 numbers for the upper White River drainage are known, sur- NUMBER OBSERVED veys are conducted to determine 300 fish distribution and spawning success. 250 200 150 89 84 82 100 77 68 66 65 60 50 48 38 37 37 37 35 32 32 29 50 25 24 17 14 13 11 5 5 5 4 2 1 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 81
- 82. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Huckleberry Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 5,500 LIVE 5,000 DEAD 4,500 4,000 3,500 NUMBER OBSERVED 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 9/1/09 9/11/09 9/21/09 9/30/09 10/9/09 10/19/09 DATE SURVEYED Huckleberry Creek Spring Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (1995-2010) 600,000 514,000 506,028 496,700 Spring Chinook Planted in Lower Pond 464,980 Spring Chinook Planted in Upper Pond 500,000 Direct Creek Plants 382,300 356,000 400,000 NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED 254,550 243,000 300,000 218,631 217,450 189,720 182,440 175,650 145,900 200,000 121,460 107,850 99,736 93,804 82,450 100,000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 82
- 83. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED quired in recent years for protection and restora- HYLEBOS tion. Although spawning frequency is low for all spe- cies and inconsistent for some; Chinook, chum, pink, CREEK 10.0006 coho, and steelhead have all been observed spawn- ing within the surveyed area of Hylebos Creek. In addition, Hylebos Creek also host a large population of cutthroat trout, as well as other native and non- native species including sticklebacks, sculpins, lamprey and bass. The stream section most often surveyed by the Puyallup Tribe is the Lower West Fork Hylebos extending from 373rd St., upstream to the Montessori school at Hwy. 99 and downstream from 373rd to the East Fork. The upper extent of Chinook spawning is generally a half mile past the convergence of the East and West Forks. Passage beyond this is often difficult due low instream flows The West Fork of Hylebos Creek just downstream of the Spring preventing Chinook from migrating far up either Valley Ranch restoration site. fork. Higher instream flows experienced during the fall and winter often allow coho and chum to access H ylebos Creek (named after Peter Francis the upper reaches of the Hylebos. Hylebos (1848-1918),original native name As part of the continuing fish and habitat resto- haxtl’, also called “Koch” by early natives)1 ration efforts, the Puyallup Tribe regularly released is an large, independent drainage from that of the between 10 and 20 thousand juvenile Fall Chinook Puyallup/White River system. Draining an area of into the West Fork of Hylebos Creek during the over 18 square miles, the headwaters of the Hylebos spring (lower right). Spawning surveys over time system originate in the city of Federal Way and flow have identified these fish on the spawning grounds southwest until it empties into the Hylebos Water- due to fin clips administered at the hatchery prior way; one of several waterways located in Com- release. In addition, the 27 acres above 373rd St., mencement Bay within the city of Tacoma. The known as the Spring Valley Ranch, was purchased East and West Forks of the Hylebos comprise two of by the Washington State Department of Transpor- the three basins within this system, and make up tation (WSDOT) in 2004. Restoration efforts for the upper part of the watershed. The East and this site were completed in 2007. The restoration West Forks converge just east of I-5 to form the project restored nearly a quarter mile of creek Lower Hylebos. channel and wetland habitat. The project will also The Hylebos Watershed has been severely im- establish a riparian buffer zone comprised of native pacted by urban development. Land uses over the trees and plants. In 2008, the City of Federal Way past several decades has resulted in an extensive acquired the 22 acre Gold- loss of estuarine and wetland habitats, reduction of max property. This acqui- water quality (303(d) listed) and fish production, as sition will preserve 1,200 well as diminished instream flows and stream feet of creek channel and channel continuity. Nevertheless, the watershed surrounding land located on does have protected areas, and substantial parcels the West Fork of the Hyle- of the creek and surrounding land have been ac- bos. For more information ________________________ about Hylebos Creek, con- Caster, D. 2003. Father Hylebos, St. George’s Indian School and tact Friends of the Hylebos Cemetery, and St. Claire’s Mission Church. Prepared for the His- torical Society of Federal Way. 18pp. at www.hylebos.org. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 83
- 84. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Hylebos Creek Juvenile Fall Chinook and Chum Plants (2001-2010) 160,000 FALL CHINOOK 140,000 CHUM SMOLTS 120,000 100,000 100,000 Number of fish Planted 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,243 19,359 18,562 16,269 12,227 11,100 10,119 9,708 20,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Planted PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 84
- 85. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED salmon species are experiencing relatively good suc- KAPOWSIN . cess. To date, coho (left) are the predominate species in the creek. Recovered CWT data has shown that CREEK 10.0600 many of the coho spawning in Kapowsin are fish that were released a couple of years earlier as ju- veniles from the upper Puyallup acclimation ponds (Cowskull and Rushingwater ), or are descendants of the net-pen acclimation project in Kapowsin Lake. From 1993 to 1997, the Puyallup Tribe fi- sheries staff transported juvenile coho from WDFW’s Voights Creek hatchery to four net-pens in Kapowsin Lake to acclimate. Prior to this fish restoration project, few or no coho were observed in Kapowsin or Ohop. Suitable spawning gravel is available through- out the 3.6 mile survey reach of Kapowsin, al- though much of it is sporadic. A number of downed trees within the channel along with several sizable logjams create complexity throughout the stream. Cattle and other livestock have been allowed access to the stream channel at approximately RM 1.7. Homes and outbuilding are frequently present along the creek between RM 0.5 and RM 2.0. Hu- K man-made rock dam structures; as well as sill logs, apowsin Creek is a tannic stream originat- span the creek and alter the channel hydrology ing from the north shore of Lake Kapow- along this stretch. During the summer and fall sin, which sits approximately 3.6 miles up- when water levels are low, these structures often stream from the creeks confluence with the Puyal- cause upstream migration issues for adult salmon. lup River. Kapowsin Creek supports a host of In addition to human-made obstacles, the creek adult salmon species including; Chinook, pink, co- experiences frequent beaver (Castor canadensis) ho, steelhead and occasionally a few chum. Chi- activity. Beaver dams, often constructed during nook have not been observed beyond the top of Ka- the low summer flow, regularly occlude the entire powsin Creek where it enters the lake. On the creek channel preventing upstream migration. other hand, coho, and occasionally a few steelhead Most of the stream has a dense riparian zone con- move through Kapowsin Lake into Ohop Creek to sisting of fir, cedar, alder, cottonwood, and salmon- spawn. Ohop Creek, which enters the south end of berry. the lake, is technically considered the continuation Pierce County completed construction of the new of Kapowsin creek. Orville road bridge over the head of Kapowsin Unfortunately, steelhead escapement in Kapow- Creek in early 2006. In addition, the 2006 flood sin is low, however, this drop in escapement is not event destroyed extended portions of the levee along uncommon; winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup Orville Rd. near Kapowsin Creek. Currently, the basin have been declining since 1990. The precipit- lower segment of the creek (RM 0-0.2) is a low gra- ous decline within just the past few years has dient channel flowing within the open channel mi- created serious concern among fisheries managers. gration zone of the Puyallup River, and is repeated- Factor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead ly manipulated by mainstem river incursions. escapement are unknown, especially when other PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 85
- 86. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 DATE SURVEYED Kapowsin Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1993-2009) 50 LIVE 45 DEAD REDDS 38 38 40 36 35 NUMBER OBSERVED 30 28 30 26 26 25 22 21 21 20 20 20 19 19 20 17 17 17 15 15 15 12 12 10 10 10 9 9 10 8 8 8 7 7 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 86
- 87. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Kapowsin Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE 1,600 DEAD 1,400 1,200 NUMBER OBSERVED 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/23/09 11/2/09 DATE SURVEYED Kapowsin Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 4,000 LIVE DEAD 3,361 3,500 3,000 NUMBER OBSEREVED 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,066 1,000 274 500 58 18 1 1 0 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 87
- 88. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Kapowsin Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 350 LIVE DEAD 300 250 NUMBER OBSERVED 200 150 100 50 0 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/23/09 11/2/09 11/11/09 12/4/09 DATE SURVEYED Kapowsin Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1993-2009) 2,500 2,023 LIVE DEAD 2,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 1,500 1,000 642 521 498 491 446 446 442 410 368 500 319 210 176 153 138 125 121 115 110 99 77 62 55 46 34 33 31 29 22 21 18 16 11 5 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 88
- 89. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2010 Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 8 REDDS NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 2 0 3/17/10 3/26/10 4/13/10 4/26/10 5/11/10 DATE SURVEYED Kapowsin Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 16 STEELHEAD REDDS 14 12 11 10 NUMBER OBSERVED 9 8 8 8 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 89
- 90. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED lup basin in 1997. Coho activity has been observed KELLOG as high as RM 1.4, whereas steelhead activity is of- ten observed as high as RM 2.1. Bull trout and Chinook utilization is unknown; however, it is sus- CREEK 10.0621 pected that they use the creek for foraging purposes. Upstream of the culvert, the creek assumes a moderate to high gradient step-pool composition un- suitable for larger adult spawners such as coho or steelhead. Steelhead surveys are conducted from the culvert, downstream to the mouth. From the culvert at RM 2.5, downstream to RM 1.6, the creek flows through a moderate gradient step-pool/cascade channel containing patchy gravel. Several sections of the surrounding banks are comprised of exposed compacted glacial debris; contributing both fine and small course materials to the stream. Due to timber harvesting, the riparian zone throughout this reach consists of a thin mature 2nd growth conifer buffer on both sides. However, there is a significant K amount of wind-throw in the channel associated ellog Creek is a headwater tributary to the with this insufficient riparian buffer. Steelhead Puyallup River, entering the Puyallup at spawning activity is occasionally observed in this approximately RM 39.7. Kellog is a short segment; however, steelhead spawning commonly run stream with nearly three miles of accessible ha- begins below RM 1.6. At this point, substantial flow bitat; however, the anadromous spawning usage ex- from a left bank tributary, and the reduction in gra- tends approximately the first 2 miles of the creek. dient, create a more conducive spawning environ- At RM 2.5, Kellog passes through a large fish pas- ment. sage culvert (installed 2008) running under the Below RM 1.5, the gradient relaxes for the next Mainline 2 Road within the Kapowsin tree farm mile and excellent spawning gravel is consistently currently managed by Hancock (Hancock Timber available all the way to the confluence with the Resource Group). Kellog Creek flows entirely with- Puyallup River. The majority of steelhead spawn- in the privately owned Kapowsin tree farm where ing activity is observed within this lower 1.5 miles. roads and past timber harvests have negatively im- The RMZ is more intact along this lower reach as pacted several portions of the stream. well. In addition to a few substantial debris jams, Kellog provides spawning and rearing habitat for there are several interactive pieces of LWD present adult; as well as juvenile steelhead, cutthroat and in the stream channel. The gradient increases near coho. Wild steelhead have maintain a small foo- RM 0.5 as the creek drops down into the Puyallup thold in Kellog Creek over the past several decades River flood plain. A large, structurally complex sec- due to the fact that the mouth of the creek is located tion of the channel exists just below the PSE flume downstream of the Electron diversion dam. Flows line. This complex was created by historic amounts over the past century have often been sufficient dur- of course materials moved during the 1996 flood ing late winter and spring; thereby allowing steel- event. Near the mouth of Kellog, the creek initially head access to tributaries located downstream of the drops into the Puyallup River channel migration diversion dam at RM 41.7. Naturally returning co- zone and may flow for an additional 0.1-0.5 miles ho were observed in Kellog Creek in 2004. These before dumping into the active main river channel. were the first natural spawners seen since adult Steelhead spawning activity has frequently been and juvenile coho plants began in the upper Puyal- documented within this section of the creek. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 90
- 91. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Kellog Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 40 STEELHEAD REDDS 35 31 30 27 25 25 NUMBER OBSERVED 22 20 17 15 13 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 6 5 5 3 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys. Currently, instead of using the AUC method to determine steelhead escapement, the Puyallup Tribal Fi- sheries Department and WDFW determine steelhead escapement based on redd counts. Since the mid 1980’s, state biologists have derived steelhead escapement from data obtained through WDFW’s (formally Washington Department of Game) Snow Creek Research Project (Freymond and Foley 1985). Researchers placed a weir on Snow Creek, and over several years were able to count the number of steelhead passed above, as well as the number of redds produced by spawners. A final factor of 0.81 females per redd was calculated. Furthermore, a ratio of 1 male to 1 female is used when no sex ratio is known; which is the case throughout the Puyallup/White River system. Therefore, to determine the total escapement for steel- head, each redd is multiplied by a factor of 1.62 (i.e. 42 redds x 1.62 steelhead per redd = total escapement of 68 steelhead). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 91
- 92. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED [range 3.8-8.5 oC]). The only drawback being, there KLICKITAT is only about 0.3 miles of anadromous usage. Three significant unnamed tributaries add flow to Klick- CREEK 10.0357 itat; unfortunately, they do not contribute any bene- ficial spawning or rearing habitat given they are located well above natural anadromous barriers. Lower Klickitat provides exceptional habitat conditions for bull trout (char) and cutthroat rearing and spawning. The first 0.3 miles is low gradient, with excellent spawning gravel and significant amounts of in-channel LWD (lower right). Numer- ous pools and side channels provide excellent habi- tat for all life history stages of bull trout; from new- ly emerged fry to adults. A series of bedrock falls and cascades at RM 0.3 blocks any further upstream migration. Numerous surveys have been conducted above the falls; however, no fish or redds have been observed. The Puyallup Tribe has surveyed Klick- Bull Trout itat for bull trout escapement since 1999; thus far, K no other salmon species has been observed spawn- lickitat Creek is a significant right bank ing in the creek. Bull trout from the mainstem headwater tributary to the White River. White River are observed spawning in the creek ear- The word Klickitat is a native word mean- ly in the fall, and juvenile bull trout have been ob- ing “beyond” or “prairie people”. The creek is exclu- served in the pools and lateral habitat during these sively surveyed for bull trout from late August surveys. The few dead bull trout encountered dur- through early October. The creek is not surveyed ing surveys appear to be pre-spawned mortalities for other species because, with the exception of due to predation. steelhead, the creeks 3300’ elevation at its mouth is Klickitat Creek has been recognized as a key in- likely too high for most salmon. In 2007, PTF biol- dex stream for bull trout spawning. During the ogist observed pink salmon in Sunrise Creek (elev. 2002 through 2007 survey seasons, bull trout floy 2800’) which is located just inside the National Park tagged at the USACE trap in Buckley were observed boundary, approximately 5 miles downstream of spawning in the creek. For three seasons, from Klickitat. This is the highest point on the White 2005-2007, PTF biologists conducted extensive bull River that adult salmon have been documented by trout migration the Puyallup Tribe since surveys have been con- telemetry studies; ducted. as well as redd Klickitat Creek is a phenomenal nonglacial surveys along the stream, originating from Ghost Lake (elev. 4396’) upper White River near Cayuse Pass. Klickitat is a north facing and West Fork stream flowing entirely within Mt. Rainier National White River. The Park, and is the source of drinking water for the study focused NPS White River compound. Klickitat enters the heavily on the White River north of Sunrise Park Road at approx- headwater tributa- imately RM 67.9. The creek is surrounded by old ries located within growth and the water temperature is tempered by Mt. Rainier Na- cold clear water year round (three year average tional Park. Study summer temperature from 2006-2008 was 6.56 oC results showed PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 92
- 93. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED that the cold high mountain streams located within often constructed in the tail-out of pools and along the park provide the majority of the critical bull channel margins. Embryonic development is slow trout spawning habitat within the basin. Two of the (depending on water temperatures); it may take be- bull trout observed spawning in 2007were part of tween 165-235 days for eggs to hatch and for alevin the migration telemetry study. Both fish had been to absorb their yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry implanted with radio tags and released near emerge in late winter and early spring. Young fry Greenwater (RM 45) in late June, and were ob- can often be seen by mid March foraging in the lat- served spawning together in Klickitat during Sep- eral habitat along the upper mainstem White River tember just below the falls. and associate tributaries. Resident bull trout reside in smaller headwater Bull trout habitat throughout the Puyallup and tributaries, while fluvial bull trout frequently travel White rivers has been severely impacted by over a long distances; utilizing the mainstem rivers and century of land and water resource exploitation; in- larger tributaries to forage and overwinter. During cluding, damming and substantial water diversions, the fall, migratory forms of bull trout journey from considerable riparian alterations (deforestation), spawning and rearing habitats in the upper wa- dewatering and low instream flow regimes, as well tershed to foraging and overwintering habitats lo- as significant channel manipulation. These impacts cated lower in the river system. Beginning in have lead to a marked deterioration in land and hy- spring and early summer, they begin the return drological behavior within these river systems by journey back to spawning and rearing areas high in causing water flow of poorer quality, quantity and the watershed. In response to changing habitat and timing. Several limiting factors are involved with reproductive needs, migratory bull trout in the regards to the healthy function of stream habitat White River travel up to 75 miles or more between and bull trout populations in the watershed; includ- the lower river and headwaters located in or near ing lost or diminished habitat connectivity and mi- Mt. Rainier N.P. To accomplish this, bull trout re- gration corridors (human-made fish passage bar- quire unobstructed migration corridors and connec- riers), fragmentation and reduction of habitat quali- tivity of streams and rivers in order to provide them ty (entrainment, transportation networks, forest with access to spawning, rearing, foraging, and management practices and operations, direct water overwintering habitats. withdrawal); in addition to, water quality, fish en- Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the trainment and entrapment, unknown species inte- first three weeks in September, however, spawning ractions, and potential climate change impacts has been observed taking place from the last week (changes in flow regimes, scour effects, thermal var- of August through the first week of October. Bull iations, changes in water chemistry). trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn Bull trout are primarily piscivorous (fish eaters); more than once); however, they are opportunistic feeders, feeding on therefore, recover- a variety of prey items depending on their particu- ing pre-or-post lar life history strategy and stage of development. spawn mortalities Adults feed almost exclusively on other fish, includ- for examination is ing a range of salmon and trout species; as well as extremely rare. other resident fish species. Juveniles feed on aqua- Spawners in the tic invertebrates, including stoneflies (Plecoptera), upper White River caddisflies (Trichoptera), and mayflies (Ephemerop- tributaries are ob- tera). Bull trout require a healthy aquatic environ- served utilizing ment in order to survive and flourish. They need an various sized sub- environment that provides the necessary prey base; strate from small in addition to the rearing and reproductive habitat gravels to small essential to ensure their continued survival and re- cobble. Redds are productive success. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 93
- 94. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Klickitat Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 20 LIVE DEAD 18 REDDS 16 14 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 9/3/09 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/7/09 10/14/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Klickitat Creek can be found in Appendix D. Klickitat Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2000-2009) 35 LIVE DEAD REDDS 30 30 25 21 NUMBER OBSERVED 20 20 18 17 16 15 14 12 11 10 10 9 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 94
- 95. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED patches of spawning gravels are available (lower LE DOUT left). The channel habitat consists mostly of low gradient pools and riffles. The creek contains a sub- stantial proportion of small and medium size woody CREEK 10.0620 debris, and the surrounding riparian zone consists mostly of alder and Douglas fir. Logging activities occurred along the lower reach of Le Dout in the past; however, there is currently a good RMZ along the majority of the lower spawning reach of the creek. A split in the channel at RM 0.45 often prevents adult fish from migrating further upstream due an increase in the gradient along with a reduction in flow (top right). The upper reach of the creek is steep with impassable cascades. The 62 Rd. crosses L e Dout Creek is a small tributary to the Up- Le Dout Creek approximately 0.45 miles from its per Puyallup River, entering the mainstem confluence with the Puyallup River. river channel at RM 39.2. This small order The mouth of Le Dout (lower right) is located stream drains a wetland area at just over 1,800 feet, about 2.6 miles below the Electron diversion dam. and flows northwest for approximately 2.5 miles be- Given that the creek is downstream of the diversion fore meeting the Puyallup. Unfortunately, low flows dam, and river flows over the past century have of- (major factor) often prevent adult salmon from as- ten been high enough during late winter and spring cending past the first 0.45 miles. Le Dout is located to prevent the mainstem channel of the Puyallup within the Kapowsin tree farm currently managed River from being drawn dry, wild steelhead have by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group). managed to maintain a minute foothold in Le Dout Several areas along the upper reach have under- Creek. Despite generally low escapement numbers, gone several timber harvests in the past. Le Dout steelhead surveys in Le Dout are conducted annual- Creek supports an exceptionally limited number of ly by the Puyallup Tribe. Winter steelhead stocks coho and steelhead spawners. The creek is often too in the Puyallup basin have experienced a dramatic shallow in late summer to allow Chinook access to decline since 1990 (ESA listed in 2007). The preci- spawn and bull trout utilization is unknown. pitous decline within Le Dout is a stream just the past few years with moderate complexi- has created serious con- ty, and habitat that is cern among fisheries well suited for coho and managers. Factor(s) re- steelhead adult spawn- sponsible for the decline ers, as well as juveniles. in steelhead survival are To a large extent the unknown, especially substrate present when other salmon spe- throughout Le Dout con- cies are experiencing sists of small and large relatively good success. cobble; yet, good quality PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 95
- 96. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED LeDout Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 20 STEELHEAD REDDS 18 16 14 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 10 10 8 8 8 6 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 96
- 97. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED gists conducted extensive bull trout migration tele- LODI metry studies and redd surveys along the upper White River and West Fork White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters located within Mt. Raini- CREEK 10.0227 er National Park. The study results showed that the cold high mountain streams located within the National Park, including Lodi, provide the majority This photo was taken from Berkeley Park near 6,000’ looking north. The peak to the left of the critical bull trout spawning habitat in the ba- is Skyscraper Mountain, and to the right is sin. In addition, bull trout spawning was less con- the Mt. Freemont Ridge. sistent and frequent in this tributary compared to that observed in several significant headwater tri- butaries located along the White River. During the 2007 season, several bull trout redds were documented in Lodi from mid-to-late Septem- ber. During the 2008 season, no bull trout spawn- ing activity was observed. The only bull trout ob- served spawning during 2006 was part of the migra- tion telemetry study. This bull trout had been im- planted with radio a tag and released near Green- water (RM 45) in early June, and was observed L odi Creek is a significant right bank headwa- spawning in the creek on September 8 . th ter tributary to the West Fork White River. Characteristic of many headwater tributaries, The name Lodi apparently originated from the lower reach of the creek is a low gradient chan- early mineral prospectors in the region. This high nel flowing within the open channel migration zone mountain stream flows northwest through a steep of the West Fork White River floodplain, and is re- glacial valley, bordered by Skyscraper Mountain to peatedly manipulated by the west and the Mount Fremont ridgeline running mainstem river incursions. along the east (top left). Lodi flows entirely within There is little significant Mt. Rainier National Park (NPS stream designation LWD present in this portion #f09-00a), the creek is non-glacial in origin; rather, of the channel and the high its sources are derived from snowpack accumula- solar exposure results in sig- tions within Berkeley Park, located at 6,400+ feet of nificant algae mats accumu- elevation (top left); as well as other surrounding lating over the substrate surface and groundwater sources. Berkeley Park is (right). Although spawning nestled into the northern slopes of the Burroughs does occur within this small Mountain Range. Lodi Creek flows for just over 4 stretch, it can be limited due the lack of quality miles from its headwaters before entering the White spawning substrate created by the alluvial deposits River at approximately RM 13.7; situating it about (fine sand and silt) from the West Fork White River. a mile upstream of Van Horn Creek (RM 12.65). Beyond the open floodplain, the creek enters the fo- The lower reach of Lodi provides excellent habi- rested lower slope of the valley floor as it parallels tat conditions for bull trout rearing and spawning. the West Fork White River channel. From this Various surveys have verified both resident and point, the creek assumes a pool-riffle configuration fluvial bull trout utilization within this stream. for approximately the next 0.8 miles before climbing However, the creeks 3400’ elevation is likely too its way up the steep valley wall; an impassable falls high for Chinook, coho and pink salmon. PTF sur- prevent any further upstream migration. The fo- veys the creek for bull trout spawning during the rested reach provides quality spawning and rearing month of September. From 2005-2007, PTF biolo- opportunities. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 97
- 98. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED along with stable log jams have created remarkable MEADOW stream complexity throughout the lower reach of the creek. Meadow Creek is unspoiled in many ways and CREEK 10.0630 has incredible potential to be a highly productive salmon and steelhead stream. Unfortunately, ana- dromous salmon were unable to access the creek for nearly a century due to the streams location above the Electron diversion dam on the Puyallup River. With the completion of the Electron fish ladder (@ RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish pas- sage was restored for the first time since 1904. Res- toring anadromous access to the upper Puyallup River has made approximately 26+ miles of spawn- ing and rearing habitat above the diversion availa- ble for several species including Chinook, coho, pink, steelhead, and bull trout. The creek does; however, have a resident population of cutthroat trout. It is also suspected that bull trout may be present in the creek, since they are known to popu- M eadow Creek is a tributary to the Mowich late the Mowich River; however, bull trout utiliza- River, entering the Mowich at RM 3.9 tion has not been documented to date. (lower left). The creek was named by Bai- Due to the lengthy absence of anadromous fish ley Willis (1857-1949) in 1883. Willis was a geologi- usage and the poor rate of natural fish reestablish- cal engineer who played an essential role in estab- ment, Meadow Creek is only occasionally surveyed lishing Mt. Rainier as a national park. Meadow ori- to determine if salmon or steelhead are utilizing the ginates from Eunice Lake (elev. 5353’), deep within stream. Disappointingly, many of the fish en- Mt. Rainier National Park. With exception of the hancement techniques employed by the Puyallup Mountain Meadows habitat area below Eunice Tribe such as adult, juvenile, or fry plants; as well Lake, the creek flows through a high gradient, fre- as the use of acclimation ponds, are not possible due quently confined channel for most of its 4.6 mile to the creeks remote location and lack of vehicle length. Meadow Creek has one significant tributa- access. Therefore, one of the Puyallup Tribe’s short ry, Hayden Creek, at RM 2.5. Pristine spawning term goals continues to be the reintroduction of and rearing habitat exists within the lower one-mile Chinook and possibly coho via remote site incuba- reach of the creek. This anadromous reach consists tors (RSI). The obvious need for RSI’s is due to the of a low to moderate gradient channel, with a pool- limited accessibility to the creek. Upwards of riffle character, abundant spawning gravel, LWD; 40,000 Chinook and coho could be incubated and as well as released into the creek annually; however, this has an intact not been accomplished as of the printing of this re- mature port. Currently, no proposals exist for the reestab- riparian lishing steelhead into Meadow Creek or the Upper zone along Puyallup system. Yet, the need for action is para- the entire mount due to the steeply declining stock of wild creek. steelhead in the Puyallup Watershed. Current ef- Several forts have yet to document any steelhead usage in pieces of the Mowich River or Meadow Creek. LWD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 98
- 99. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Several pieces of LWD along with stable log jams MOWICH have created remarkable stream complexity throughout the lower reach of the creek. Rushingwater Creek originates from the Golden RIVER 10.0624 Lakes in Mt. Rainier National Park. Rushingwater flows over 5 miles to its confluence with the Mowich River at RM 0.6. Most of Rushingwater flows with- in the Kapowsin tree farm (Hancock Forest Man- agement) where roads and timber harvesting have impacted several portions of the stream. The upper survey reach of the creek is mostly comprised of pools and glides, with fine and medium sized sub- strate. Abundant in-stream woody debris and a moderate to dense canopy cover extend throughout most of this reach. The North and South Mowich forks flow though Mt. Rainier National Park and reach their conver- gence at RM 7.5 to form the main stem Mowich Riv- er. The upper 4-5 miles of the Mowich River consist of steep and moderate gradients, with a largely cob- ble and boulder substrate. There is little spawning habitat available, yet some suitable spawning condi- tions exists in the outlying side channels below RM 7.5. The channels of the North and South Mowich are bordered by mature dense conifer and mixed de- ciduous forests. From RM 6.5 to 3.1, the Mowich River is com- prised of more complex habitat. The gradient de- The upper Mowich River creases along this reach, resulting in a more pool- riffle character where smaller spawning substrate is T he Mowich River converges with the Puyallup deposited and resting pools are available for up- River at RM 42.3, this is approximately 0.6 stream migrants. The lower three mile of the river miles above the Electron diversion dam. The flows within the Kapowsin tree farm managed by glacial headwaters of the Mowich River originate Hancock. Most of the lower three miles of the chan- from the Edmunds, and the North and South Mo- nel be- The upper Mowich River wich glaciers on the west slope of Mt. Rainier. Sig- comes con- nificant tributaries to the Mowich include; Crater, fined and Spray, Meadow, and Rushingwater creeks. Meadow narrowed originates from Eunice Lake, deep within Mt. by the Rainier National Park and enters the Mowich at steepening RM 3.9. The creek flows through a high gradient, valley frequently confined channel for most of its 4.6 mile walls. length. Meadow Creek has one significant tributary, Fortunate- Hayden Creek, at RM 2.5. However, the lower mile ly, much of the creek has a low to moderate gradient, with a of the pool-riffle character, abundant spawning gravel, channel retains its complexity and spawning oppor- LWD, and riparian cover along the entire channel. tunities are abundant for both salmon and PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 99
- 100. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED steelhead. Ju- ponds are a proven method in increasing fish num- Lower Mowich River venile coho bers on the spawning grounds. Hatchery rearing have been ob- 200,000 Fall Chinook for acclimation ponds in the served as high upper Puyallup River is a key component to restora- as RM 5.0, tion goals. whereas adult and juvenile bull trout have been docu- mented as high as RM 7.5. Of special note is the first documented spawning of naturally returning Chinook in the Mowich River in 97 years. Two females on separate redds were observed spawning in the lower reach (RM 1.0) on September 7, 2001. With the completion of the Electron fish ladder (RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish pas- sage was restored for the first time since 1904. Surplus Chinook and coho salmon from Voights Creek Hatchery were planted in the Mowich River, and Rushingwater Creek for several years in efforts to jump start the Upper Puyallup. One of two ac- climation ponds used for reestablishing coho (prior to 2008) into a 26+ mile reach of the Upper Puyal- lup River is located just off the main channel of Ru- shingwater Creek at RM 0.6. The pond holds 14,000 cu. ft. of water with a flow rate of 1-3 cfs, in the past, 40,000 to 100,000+ coho yearlings were imprinted and released from Rushingwater annual- ly. Coho yearlings originated from Voights Creek Hatchery where they were adipose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish were released at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds. There is also a natural acclimation pond on the Mowich used for rearing Fall Chinook, located at RM 0.1. The Puyallup Tribe’s restoration goal is to re- build depressed Chinook stocks and remove them from ESA listing. Historically, Fall Chinook have been reared since 1980 with a variety of stocks, goals, and objectives. Using acclimation ponds, li- miting harvest, and making substantial gains in habitat restoration, the tribe will be able to accom- plish this task. Levee setbacks, oxbow reconnec- tions both inter tidal and upland, Commencement Bay cleanup, and harvest cutbacks have already been initiated. Only the jump-starting of Chinook in habitat areas devoid of fish is left. Acclimation PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 100
- 101. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED riffle character. The creek contains excellent and NIESSON frequent spawning gravel, as well as significant LWD and debris jams throughout the 2.2 mile ana- dromous reach. CREEK 10.0622 Niesson Creek is surveyed consistently for wild steelhead and spot checked for coho. Steelhead have been observed spawning as high as RM 2.2 near the abandoned 22 Rd. Naturally returning coho were observed for the first time in 2002. The natural re- turns are a result of live adult plantings and juvenile acclimation projects conducted by the Puyallup Tri- bal Fisheries Department. Since 1998, the Puyallup Tribe has been transporting live surplus adult coho from the WDFW’s Voights Creek Hatchery in Ort- ing; however, no fish were planted in 2004 or 2007. Instead, naturally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn without intrusion from hatchery planted coho. Adult surplus Fall Chinook have been planted Coho in the past when fish were available and creek flows allowed; unfortunately, the creek flow is often too N iesson Creek is a tributary to the Upper low to allow naturally returning Chinook access to Puyallup River. Originating from snowpack the creek in late summer and early fall. run-off and ground water, the creek runs Like Kellog and Le Dout creeks, the mouth of northerly for approximately 5.3 miles before meet- Niesson Creek is located downstream of the Electron ing the Puyallup at RM 41.1. Anadromous usage diversion extents throughout the first 2.2 miles of the creek; dam. Flows supporting Chinook (planted), coho (NOR & hat- over the past chery plants), and steelhead. Beyond RM 2.2, creek century have climbs steeply along the remaining 3.1 miles to its often been origin at just over 4,000 feet. Niesson Creek is lo- high enough cated with- during late in the Ka- winter and powsin tree spring to pre- farm cur- Upper Niesson vent the rently ma- mainstem channel of the Puyallup River from being naged by drawn dry; thereby allowing the higher win- Hancock. ter/spring flows have allowed wild steelhead to The maintain a foothold in Niesson Creek. Unfortunate- Lower Niesson overstory ly, escapement in Niesson has decreased significant- riparian ly over the past several years. The winter steelhead zone consists of mixed conifers and deciduous trees. stocks in the Puyallup basin have been declining Continuing timber harvesting activities have re- since 1990. The precipitous decline within the past duced the riparian zone to the state required mini- several years has created serious concern among mum along several extended segments of the lower fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for the creek. decline in steelhead escapement are unknown, espe- Niesson is a complex, moderate sized stream, cially when other salmon species are experiencing which varies between a pool-riffle and forced pool- relatively good success. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 101
- 102. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Niesson Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (1998-2009) 900 ADULT COHO 754 800 656 700 600 NUMBER OF COHO PLANTED 500 497 500 376 375 400 335 300 205 150 200 100 100 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PLANTED Niesson Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 60 STEELHEAD REDDS 49 49 50 45 40 37 NUMBER OBSERVED 30 29 30 27 22 22 20 17 16 15 14 14 9 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions which prevented a regular full season of surveys. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 102
- 103. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Park. No Name Creek enters the White River north NO NAME of Sunrise Park Road at approximately RM 68.1. The first 0.34 miles of the creek is low gradient and flows within the channel migration zone of the CREEK 10.0364 White River (photo on following page). The habitat within this section is the least conducive to spawn- ing due to a primarily sandy substrate; however, pools and side channels provide excellent habitat for juvenile bull trout which are often observed in the pools and lateral habitat during adult spawning surveys. In addition, this reach of the creek is high- ly subjected to the possibility of redd scouring or heavy silt deposition due to the influence of the mainstem White River. The next 0.12 miles flows through the edge of the forested area along the White River channel. At this point the channel gradient increases slightly, as do the adult spawning opportunities. Although the substrate throughout this section is somewhat sandy, several pockets of suitable spawning gravel N O Name is not the officially designated exist. Stream complexity increases due to some name for this stream by the Washington small debris jams and limited LWD. The surround- State Board on Geographic Names, but it’s ing riparian consists of primarily alder with some commonly referred to as “No Name Creek” by PTF small to moderate sized Douglas fir and cedar; even staff (NPS designation W14-00a). No Name is a so, solar exposure is still high through this portion small south facing left bank headwater tributary of of the creek. the White River; at nearly 3.5 miles in length, only The final quarter mile of anadromous usage con- the first 0.7 miles offers exceptional habitat condi- tains the best habitat. The channel contains several tions for rearing and spawning. The creek supports pieces of LWD and spawning gravels, in addition to all bull trout life history stages, as well as residen- a heavy riparian zone consisting of fir and cedar. At tial and fluvial life history types. No Name is sur- approximately RM 0.71 the creek turns sharply and veyed for bull trout from late August through early rapidly climbs up the valley wall. At this point the October; unfortunately, the creeks 3300’ elevation is stream quickly develops into a series of impassable likely too high for cascades preventing any further upstream migra- Chinook, coho and tion. Bull trout have been observed spawning in the pink salmon. No creek from late Juvenile bull trout Name Creek, like August Klickitat Creek, is through Sep- pristine in many tember. ways. Originating In 2006 and along the slopes of 2007, PTF bi- the Sourdough ologist con- Mountains near ducted exten- Sunrise Park, the sive bull trout creek flows entire- radio telemetry and redd surveys along the upper ly within Mt. White River; focusing heavily on the headwaters Rainier National located within Mt. Rainier National Park. During PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 103
- 104. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED the 2007 season, several bull trout were observed gins. Embryonic development is slow (depending on spawning in No Name Creek from early to late Sep- water temperatures); it may take between 165-235 tember. One of the bull trout observed spawning in days for eggs to hatch and for alevin to absorb their the creek was part of the migration telemetry study. yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry emerge in late win- This bull trout was surgically implanted with LO- ter and early spring. Young fry can often be seen by TEK Wireless Inc.’s NanoTag Series transmitters mid March foraging in the lateral habitat along the (NTC-4-2L) and released near the Greenwater River upper mainstem White River and associate tributa- (RM 45) in late June, and was observed spawning in ries. late September. Bull trout habitat throughout the Puyallup and Resident bull trout reside in smaller headwater White rivers has been severely impacted by over a tributaries, while fluvial bull trout frequently travel century of land and water resource exploitation; in- long distances; utilizing the mainstem rivers and cluding, damming and substantial water diversions, larger tributaries to forage and overwinter. During considerable riparian alterations (deforestation), the fall, migratory forms of bull trout journey from dewatering and low instream flow regimes, as well spawning and rearing habitats in the upper wa- as significant channel manipulation. These impacts tershed to foraging and overwintering habitats lo- have lead to a marked deterioration in land and hy- cated lower in the river system. Beginning in drological behavior within these river systems by spring and early summer, they begin the return causing water flow of poorer quality, quantity and journey back to spawning and rearing areas high in timing. Several limiting factors are involved with the watershed. In response to changing habitat and regards to the healthy function of stream habitat reproductive needs, migratory bull trout in the and bull trout populations in the watershed; includ- White River travel up to 75 miles or more between ing lost or diminished habitat connectivity and mi- the lower river and headwaters located in or near gration corridors (human-made fish passage bar- Mt. Rainier N.P. To accomplish this, bull trout re- riers), fragmentation and reduction of habitat quali- quire unobstructed migration corridors and connec- ty (entrainment, transportation networks, forest tivity of streams and rivers in order to provide them management practices and operations, direct water with access to spawning, rearing, foraging, and withdrawal); in addition to, water quality, fish en- overwintering habitats. trainment and entrapment, unknown species inte- Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the ractions, and potential climate change impacts first three weeks in September, however, spawning (changes in flow regimes, scour effects, thermal var- has been observed taking place from the last week iations, changes in water chemistry). of August through the first week of October. Bull Bull trout are primarily piscivorous (fish eaters); trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn however, they are opportunistic feeders, feeding on more than once); therefore, recovering pre-or-post a variety of prey items depending on their particu- spawn mortalities for lar life history strategy and stage of development. examination is ex- Adults feed almost exclusively on other fish, includ- tremely rare. ing a range of salmon and trout species; as well as Spawners in the up- other resident fish species. Juveniles feed on aqua- per White River tri- tic invertebrates, including stoneflies (Plecoptera), butaries are observed caddisflies (Trichoptera), and mayflies (Ephemerop- utilizing various sized tera). Bull trout require a healthy aquatic environ- substrate from small ment in order to survive and flourish. They need an gravels to small cob- environment that provides the necessary prey base; ble. Redds are often in addition to the rearing and reproductive habitat constructed in the essential to ensure their continued survival and re- Lower No Name Creek tail-out of pools and productive success. along channel mar- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 104
- 105. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 No Name Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/3/09 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/7/09 10/14/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for No Name Creek can be found in Appendix D. No Name Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2005-2009) 20 LIVE DEAD REDDS 18 16 15 14 13 12 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 11 10 9 8 8 6 5 4 4 4 2 1 1 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 105
- 106. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED woody debris. The OHOP nel meanders through a forest of cedar, fir, alder and maple that is fairly CREEK 10.0600 dense along much of the lower reach (RM 6.5 to 8). Several side channels branch off along this reach, offering additional spawning and rearing habitat. High water events often reestablish some significantly long complex side channels lo- cated above RM 0.4. These side channels are often utilized by coho. Cattle occasionally have access to the creek, but they have had minor impact. The upper reaches of Ohop Creek extend well into the Kapowsin tree farm currently managed by Hancock (Hancock Timber Resource Group). Log- ging roads and timber harvesting have impacted O hop Creek is the main feeder stream to Lake several portions of the stream including; sedimenta- Kapowsin; not to be mistaken for the Ohop ry inputs, windthrow, increased solar exposure, as Creek which is a tributary to the Nisqually. well as confinement and constriction of the stream Ohop Creek is considered a continuation of Kapow- channel. sin Creek; therefore, it shares the same WRIA de- Coho are the only species surveyed for on a con- signation (10.0600). Continuing for nearly 8.5 miles sistent basis. Adult coho escapement has dropped beyond Lake Kapowsin, the creek currently sup- precipitously in Ohop Creek; as well as Kapowsin ports primarily coho (top left photo). In addition to Creek over the last several years despite the 5 year coho, the creek likely continues to support a limited coho net-pen project employed in Lake Kapowsin by number of steelhead as well. the Puyallup Tribe during the 90’s, in addition to The lower 0.2 miles of Ohop Creek flows through the surplus adult plants from Voights Creek. Steel- a narrow and incised wetland boundary at the south head surveys have been reduced to periodic spot end of Lake Kapowsin. This initial stretch is non- checks during the spring since none have been ob- conductive to spawning and is heavily vegetated served for several years. However, it’s likely that a (mostly reed canary grass [Phalaris arundinacea]), small number of steelhead may continue to spawn and is commonly the in the creek above the survey area since they are site of recurrent beav- observed consistently in Kapowsin Creek. er (Castor canadensis) The winter steelhead stocks in the Puyallup ba- activity. From RM 6.5 sin have been declining since 1990. The precipitous to RM 7.0, the creek decline within just the past few years has created assumes a low gra- serious concern among fisheries managers. Fac- dient pool-riffle struc- tor(s) responsible for the decline in steelhead es- ture; containing excel- capement are unknown, especially when other sal- lent spawning gravel, mon species are experiencing relatively good suc- as well as several deep cess. Although documented in Kapowsin Creek, pools and moderate Chinook, chum and pink salmon have not been ob- amounts of in-stream served in Ohop. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 106
- 107. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Ohop Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2009) 600 537 LIVE DEAD 488 500 400 NUMBER OBSERVED 314 301 295 300 200 141 100 76 100 71 61 54 41 39 39 34 32 31 27 25 24 19 18 15 13 6 4 4 4 2 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED An additional 492 adult surplus coho from Voights Creek hatchery were planted in the North Fork of Ohop (approximately 3 miles upstream of survey area) in 2002 and 399 surplus adults were planted in 2008. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 107
- 108. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED tional Park, entering the White River approximately PARALLEL at approximately RM 67.9; which is directly across the river channel from Klickitat Creek. Characteristic of many headwater tributaries, CREEK the mouth of the creek is frequently translocated due to its position within the open channel migra- tion zone of the White River floodplain. As a result of the mainstem river incursions, the creeks lower channel and riparian habitat is frequently altered. The habitat within this section is the least condu- cive to spawning due to a primarily sandy substrate. In addition, this reach of the creek is highly sub- jected to the possibility of redd scouring or heavy silt deposition due to the influence of the mainstem White River. Nearly the entire anadromous reach of the creek is low gradient, and the channel is somewhat nar- row and incised (lower left & right). The surround- ing riparian near the mouth consists primarily of alder (pioneer species) with some small to moderate P arallel Creek is not officially named by the sized Douglas fir and cedar (top left); even so, solar Washington State Board on Geographic exposure is still low through this portion of the Names, nor is it identified on most topologi- creek during the summer. The approximately 0.5 cal or hydrological maps; however, for easy identifi- miles of stream channel upstream of the mainstem cation the creek is referred to as “Parallel” by PTF area of influence flows through a heavily forested staff. Parallel is a small south facing left bank area along the White River channel. Stream com- headwater tributary to the White River; with the plexity within this section increases due to small lower 0.6 miles flowing parallel (hence the name) to debris jams and mod- the White River channel. Parallel Creek, like other erate amounts of LWD bull trout streams such as Klickitat Creek and No (lower left). Through- Name, is pristine in many ways. The creek provides out the majority of the exceptional habitat conditions for bull trout rearing anadromous reach, the and spawning. Since 2006, the Puyallup Tribe has channel gradient re- surveyed the creek for bull trout spawning activity mains low as the from late August through early October, with peak stream meander signif- spawning occurring around the third week in Sep- icantly through the tember. Unfortunately, the creeks elevation (mouth forest. Due to the low @ 3290’) is likely too high for Chinook, coho and gradient and tranquil pink salmon. flow throughout this Originating reach, the substrate consists mainly of fine materi- along the al; however, several pockets of suitable spawning slopes of Su- gravel exist, providing adult spawning opportuni- nrise Ridge, ties. At approximately RM 0.6 the creek rapidly the creek climbs up the valley wall. At this point the stream flows entirely quickly develops into a series of impassable cas- within Mt. cades preventing any further upstream migration. Rainier Na- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 108
- 109. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Parallel Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2006-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 9 8 7 6 6 6 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 109
- 110. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to PUYALLUP avulse and find a new channel. This newly created diversion sent nearly the entire White River flow down through the Stuck River channel into the RIVER 10.0021 Puyallup; more than doubling the size of the Puyal- lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the White River into the Puyallup. The Puyallup River continues to flow west from its confluence with the White until it reaches Com- mencement Bay in Tacoma. An extensive system of levees, approximately 90 miles, was constructed along the Puyallup, White and Carbon rivers begin- ning in the early through mid 20th century. There are a significant number of large tributaries that feed these mainstem rivers including the Clearwa- ter River, Greenwater River, Mowich River, as well as Huckleberry and South Prairie creeks. In addition to the White River, the Carbon River is T he Puyallup Watershed is identified as Wa- also key tributary of the Puyallup River, entering ter Resource Inventory Area 10 (WRIA 10) the Puyallup at RM 17.9; just north of the city of by the Washington State Department of Orting. The Carbon River and its associated tribu- Ecology. The Puyallup River Watershed provides taries provide excellent spawning and rearing op- over 1,300 linear river miles (RM) of drainage over portunities for salmon, steelhead, and bull trout. In an area greater than 1,000 square miles. The three the past, steelhead have been documented as high major river drainages include the Puyallup, White, as the Mt. Rainier National Park boundary. How- and Carbon rivers which flow almost entirely within ever, the majority of spawning for all species within Pierce County and part of South King County. All this drainage, with the exception of bull trout, oc- three river systems originate from glaciers along the curs in South Prairie Creek and the lower 11 miles north and west slopes of Mt. Rainier, located entire- of the mainstem Carbon. ly within Mt. Rainier National Park. The Carbon The mean annual flow of the Puyallup River over and White rivers converge with the Puyallup River the first 86 year gauged history was 2,922 cfs. The at RM 17.8 and RM 10.4 respectively. largest flood of record was 57,000 cfs and occurred The White River is a significant tributary, with in December 1933. The majority of the large flood a drainage area nearly twice that of the Puyallup events have occurred in the months of November River. However, the White and Puyallup drainages and December in response to heavy rains on a sub- are often viewed and managed as two distinct and stantial snow pack. The minimum low flow defined separate entities. This management approach is as the 90%-exceedance level for the Puyallup was due in part because prior to 1906, the White River 1,156 cfs. Over the past two decades there has been did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo a trend of decreasing low flows (Sumioka 2004). (1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of The Puyallup River at Puyallup flow gage the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. (#12101500) was activated in 1915 and is located at Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed RM 6.6. south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River The systems glacial origin is responsible for the channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobi- turbid conditions that are most noticeable during lized a tremendous amount of wood debris that warmer weather in late spring and summer. The blocked the north flowing channel in what is now White, Carbon, and Puyallup rivers carry a tre- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 110
- 111. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED mendous volume of bed load material which contri- mainstem river. The butes to the dynamic nature of the system. The reclaimed habitat was high sediment loads are responsible for the braided lost during the con- channel morphology characteristic of broad valley struction of the lower segments. This condition is most prevalent in the river levee system in upper reaches within and immediately outside the the early 1900’s. In National Park boundaries. response to the loss of Outside the Park boundaries, the rivers course nearly an entire estu- through industrial forestlands including national arine ecosystem that forest but primarily private timber company owner- once existed, the crea- ship. Much of these forestlands have been har- tion of this critical and vested at least once and in many cases twice. Lands necessary lower river in timber production are densely roaded with some environment will pro- sections approaching six lineal miles per square vide overwintering, as well as foraging opportuni- mile. Roads have contributed to many of their ties for young juvenile salmon. In addition, this ha- trademark problems such as landslides, slope fail- bitat will offer the benefits that the estuaries once ures, altered hydrology, culvert and bridge projects provided to out migrating (smolting) salmon during that can effect upstream migration, and of course the transition from fresh water to salt water. high levels if sedimentation within effected drai- The Puyallup continues to be tightly confined by nages. levees on both sides with the expected lack of chan- The lowest section of the Puyallup River, from nel complexity (top right). These levee constraints the confluence with the White River at RM 10.4 to continue from the White River confluence to approx- Commencement Bay is confined by levees and the imately RM 25, just south of the town of Orting. habitat lacks complexity (lower left). The small This reach is similar to the lower Puyallup, but does amount of suitable gravel present is often com- support sporadic spawning by chum, Chinook and pacted and offers little spawning opportunity. steelhead during their respective seasons. Along Steelhead have been observed spawning just up- Orville Rd., upstream of Orting, a levee setback stream from the White River confluence; the lowest project was completed in the summer of 1999. Ap- documented proximately 2 miles of new levee was built back spawning of any from the original levee adding over a hundred acres species in the to the floodplain in this reach. Several high water river. In the fall events later, many side channels have formed and of 2008, the spawning gravel has been retained but only adult Puyallup Tribe chum use has been documented. In late 2006, a completed con- 6000 foot levee set-back (below) was completed struction of one of its most pre- City of Orting valent wa- tershed restora- The lower Puyallup River (@ I-5) tion projects to date. The Sha Levee set-back Dadx (Frank Albert Road) wetland restoration project, located on the lower Puyallup River, created an accessible 12-acre off-channel wetland habitat for salmonids and other freshwater resident fish. The project was instrumental in reestablishing an old disconnected oxbow and low lying wetland to the PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 111
- 112. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED upstream of the PSE’s Electron power house Calistoga Bridge in the town of Orting. This new set-back added over 55 acres to the floodplain within this reach. Diversion Dam, headworks, and fish ladder on the Upper Puyallup From RM 25.5 River. to 30.8 the channel is only partially contained by levees and there are several accessible side chan- response to the Puyallup Tribes live surplus hauls nels. There is little spawning activity within this each fall. reach due to the higher gradient and resulting in- The Mowich River converges with the Puyallup crease in average substrate size. Upstream from River at RM 42.3; this is approximately 0.5 miles Puget Sound Energy’s Electron above the Electron diversion dam. powerhouse at RM 30.8 (top left) The glacial headwaters of the Mo- the river flows through a deep, wich River originate from the Ed- narrow canyon (center photo). munds, and the North and South There are many small vertical Mowich glaciers on the west slope of drops and bedrock cascades Mt. Rainier. Significant tributaries within this 6 mile canyon, all of to the Mowich include; Crater, Spray, which are passable to salmon Meadow and Rushingwater creeks. and steelhead. There are fre- Species documented utilizing this ba- quent spawning opportunities sin include Chinook, coho, steel- in the tail-outs of the many head/rainbow trout, cutthroat trout, deep pools located within this and bull trout. upper river reach. From the top of the canyon, to the diversion dam at RM Puyallup River Gorge 41.7, the river is mod- erately confined and provides several high quality spawning op- portunities (lower left). The highest densities of steelhead spawning in the Puyallup River occur within this reach. With the completion of the Electron fish lad- der (RM 41.7-top right) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage was restored for the first time since 1904. There are ap- proximately 26+ miles of usable habitat above the diversion and surveys are conducted occasionally in PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 112
- 113. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED North Fork Puyallup River Surplus Adult Chinook and Coho Plants (2004-2009) 1,400 CHINOOK 1,112 1,200 COHO 930 1,000 NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED 800 618 529 600 502 382 400 310 240 235 200 12 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 113
- 114. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED The rotary screw-trap used in this study consists of PUYALLUP RIVER JUVENILE a rotary cone suspended within a steel structure on SALMONID PRODUCTION top of twin, 30-foot pontoons. The opening of the rotary cone is 5 feet in diameter, allowing for a ASSESSMENT PROJECT 2009 Written by: sampling depth of 2.5 feet. The cone and livebox as- sembly are attached to a steel frame and may be Andrew Berger & Justin Paul raised or lowered by hand winches located at the front and rear of the assembly. Two five-ton bow-mounted anchor winches with 3/8’’ steel cables were used to secure and adjust the direction of the trap and keep it in the thalweg. The cables were secured to trees on opposite banks. An additional rear cable was secured to a tree on the right bank along with an aluminum “stiff-arm” to further stabilize the trap. Four 55-gallon containers filled with water were secured on the deck at the rear of the trap to compensate for the generation of force at the front of the trap during operation. The 5-ft diameter rotary screw trap was installed in the lower Puyallup River (RM 10.6) just above the confluence with the White River. Trap opera- tion began on February 3rd and continued, when T feasible, 24 hours a day, seven days a week until he Puyallup River Juvenile Salmonid Pro- July 27th. The trap was checked for fish twice a day duction Assessment Project began in 2000. at dawn and dusk. In some instances, the trap was The Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Department checked plus or minus two hours of dusk or dawn started the project to estimate juvenile production of due to the availability of personnel. During hat- native salmonids, with an emphasis on natural Fall chery releases and high flow events, personnel re- Chinook salmon production and survival of hatchery mained onsite through the night to clear the trap of and acclimation pond Chinook. Since 2000, an E. G. debris and to keep fish from overcrowding. Solutions’ 5-ft diameter rotary screw trap located on Revolutions per minute (rpm), water tempera- the lower Puyallup at RM 10.6, just upstream of the ture, secchi depth (cm), turbidity (NTU), weather confluence with the White River, has been used to conditions, and stream flow (cfs) were described for estimate juvenile production. each completed trap check. A cross sectional area of As more data becomes available, juvenile produc- the river at the smolt trap was taken to monitor tion estimates may provide baseline information al- channel morphology at the site. lowing managers to meet escapement objectives in the watershed create a production potential-based Goals and Objectives management strategy and accurately forecast future The goal of this project is to report production returns of hatchery and naturally produced adults. estimates, characterize juvenile migration timing, In addition, a basin spawner/recruit analysis will describe length distribution for all wild salmonid, indicate stock productivity, helping to determine the out-migrants and fulfill the objectives of the Puyal- overall health of the watershed and evaluate the lup River Fall Chinook recovery plan. contribution of enhancement projects. To reach these goals, this study will produce popula- tion estimates of out-migrating smolts, estimate Trapping Gear and Operations species specific migration timing, compare natural versus hatchery production and run timing, analyze PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 114
- 115. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED mean fork length of wild smolts and detail species it at www.scribd.com. The 2010 report will be composition of the sample population. The objectives available late December to early January. of this project are to: 1. Estimate juvenile production for salmonids Summary of 2009 Results in the Puyallup River and determine fresh- * For the 2009 migration season production esti- water survival for unmarked juvenile Chi- mates were completed for Chinook, coho, and chum nook. migrants. 2. Estimate in-river mortality of hatchery and acclimation pond Chinook. * Natural Chinook production was estimated at 11,202 unmarked migrants. Out-migrates were captured between March 2nd and July 27th. 3. Investigate physical factors such as, light (day vs. night), flow and turbidity and their * Chum production was estimated at 48,438 mi- importance to trap efficiency. grants passing the trap in 2009 from a catch of 1,085 chum fry. In this report for the 2009 smolt out-migration season all stated objectives will be met for Chinook salmon. Non-target species such as coho, pink, chum * A total of 2,444 unmarked coho smolts were cap- and steelhead will be addressed to a lesser extent. tured in the screw trap between February 5th and July 3rd. The production estimate for wild un- Sampling Procedures marked coho for the 2009 smolt trap season was Smolts were anesthetized with MS-222 (tricaine 54,051. methanesulfonate) for handling purposes and sub- sequently placed in a recovery bin of river water be- * A total of 482 unmarked steelhead were caught in fore release back to the river. Juveniles were identi- the smolt trap in 2009 (highest escapement since fied as natural or hatchery origin as unmarked or 2000). No production estimates were completed for marked respectively. Fork length (mm) was meas- steelhead migrants. ured and recorded for unmarked fish. When possi- ble, 50 chum, 50 pinks, 50 age1+ coho, 25 age 0+ co- ho, 25 age 0+ Chinook, and 25 steelhead were measured per day. Scale samples were additionally taken on all wild steelhead smolts. Species were separated by size/age class. Coho were identified as fry, age 0+ (<70mm) or smolts, age 1+ (>70mm). Chinook smolts were separated by age 0+ (<150mm) or age 1+ (>150mm). All chum and pinks were identified as age 0+. Trout fry age 0+ (<60mm) were not differentiated to species. Hatchery origin fish were identified in three ways: 1) by visual inspection for adipose fin clips, 2) with a Northwest Marine Technology “wand” detec- tor used for coded wire tag detection, and 3) with a Destron Fearing Portable Transceiver system for Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tagged fish. To request a full copy of the 2009 report, contact the Puyallup Tribal Fisheries Department, or download PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 115
- 116. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED dromous usage is available above the culvert under RODY Pioneer Way (top left); however, a 3 foot high stone barrier prevents fish passage above this point (bot- tom left). Above the stone barrier, additional habi- CREEK 10.0028 tat is available and could be utilized if the blockage were removed. During the 2006 spawning season, significant numbers of chum were observed spawn- ing in the reach upstream of Pioneer Way E. In sharp contrast to the reach below Pioneer Way E., the upper reach of the creek has the only intact ri- parian zone which consists largely of alder. Downstream, from Pioneer Way E. to the mouth, Rody flows through a channel that is best described as an incised and straightened drainage ditch (right). The habitat throughout most of the lower half mile reach of Rody Creek is remarkably poor; much of the accessible channel has no suitable spawning gravel, and the riparian consist more or less entirely of blackberry, turf grass, and reed ca- nary grass. The reed canary grass, as well as wa- R ody Creek, a tributary to Clarks Creek, is tercress, can be overwhelming during some seasons; part of the lower Puyallup River drainage often choking extended lengths of the channel and system. Rody is approximately 1.6 miles in trapping or preventing fish from migrating through. length; however, only the lower 0.6 miles is accessi- In addition, the grass traps and holds large ble to adult spawners. Rody Creek can be located amounts of fine materials, just northeast of downtown Puyallup where the consequently covering the creek passes under Pioneer Way E. through an un- spawning substrate. The dersized, yet generally fish passable culvert at RM channel generally becomes 0.5. Rody has numerous deficits including, but not surveyable after the first limited to; a confined and straightened channel, in- freshet of the season. How- termittent or complete fish barriers, no off-channel ever, chum salmon are regu- habitat, flooding and channel erosion, absent or de- larly observed spawning in ficient riparian cover, and the infestation of reed the stream when the chan- canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). nel clears. Chum spawn Rody Creek does however offer some suitable ha- each season in a section of available habitat just be- bitat for coho and chum spawners, as well as over- low Pioneer. An extremely high water event in the wintering juvenile coho. Adult fluvial bull trout are January of 2006 redistributed a large quantity of known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the gravel throughout the channel for approximately lower Puyallup; however, bull trout utilization in 300 feet below Pioneer Way. A half mile down- Rody is currently stream of the culvert passage under Pioneer, Rody unknown. Insuffi- Creek passes under 66th and dumps into Clarks cient flows prevent Creek, a tributary of the Puyallup River. A future Chinook from ac- restoration project is currently being engineered cessing the creek in (Pierce County) for the section of creek running late summer. from just above, to just below Pioneer. Construction Approximately is scheduled to begin in 2010. 300-400 feet of ana- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 116
- 117. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Rody Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE 9 DEAD 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/7/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED Rody Creek Chum Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisins (1999-2009) 500 450 441 LIVE DEAD 400 350 326 NUMBER OBSERVED 300 250 200 155 150 94 100 81 73 39 43 50 31 32 27 20 19 14 4 8 1 1 4 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 117
- 118. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED yearlings were imprinted and released from Ru- RUSHINGWATER shingwater annually. Coho yearlings originated from Voights Creek Hatchery where coho were adi- CREEK 10.0625 pose clipped and coded wire tagged. Fish were re- leased at 20 fish per pound, for a total biomass of 10,000 pounds. In addition to the acclimation of ju- venile coho and Chinook, adult surplus coho and Chinook from Voights Creek Hatchery have been planted in Rushingwater (1997-2008). However, no adult fish were planted in 2004. Instead, the first naturally retuning adult coho were allowed to spawn without intrusion from hatchery planted co- ho. Future live plants may be reduced or eliminated based on the number of naturally returning spawn- ers. Dividing this stream into four reaches, the lowest reach covers the first mile of the creek. This initial reach consists of a complex riffle-pool system (top left) with considerably large substrate; consisting of R ushingwater Creek originates from the Up- large gravel, cobble and boulders. Several per and Lower Golden Lakes located in Mt. windblown trees, the result of poor RMZ manage- Rainier National Park. Rushingwater flows ment, span the channel the length of this stretch. over 5 miles from the lower lake to its confluence Abundant in-stream woody debris and a moderate with the Mowich River at RM 0.6. Approximately to dense canopy cover extend through most of this the first 2 miles of the creek are anadromous. reach. Beaver (Castor canadensis) activity is fre- Downstream of the NPS boundary the creek flows quent throughout the upper portion. Beyond this, through the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest in reach 2, the creek climbs nearly 1,000 feet over before reaching private timber property. The lower the next 2 miles. An impassable cascade is located reach of Rushingwater flows within the Kapowsin within this reach preventing any further upstream tree farm currently managed by Hancock (Hancock migration. Timber Resource Group). Logging roads and timber The 3rd harvesting have impacted sections of the stream, reach har- specifically windthrow located along the lower bors sig- reach. Rushingwater supports adult and juvenile nificantly Chinook (planted) and coho (planted and NOR). different Steelhead and bull trout utilization is unknown. habitat. However, bull trout utilization is assumed, to some For rough- degree, since they are well documented in the Mo- ly the next wich. Surveys for steelhead conducted in 2009 did mile the not reveal any spawning activity. creek assumes a placid flow and contains excellent One of two acclimation ponds used for reestab- spawning habitat, as well as considerable amounts lishing coho, and occasionally Chinook (spring & of beaver activity and LWD structures. This reach fall), into a 30-mile reach of the Upper Puyallup is one of the sites where adult surplus coho were River is located just off the main channel of Ru- planted (1997-2008). The final reach of Rushingwa- shingwater at RM 0.6. The pond (lower right) holds ter once again climbs swiftly (2,000 feet) over the 14,000 cu. ft. of water with a flow rate of 1-3 cfs; in next 1.6 miles to the outlet of Golden Lake at 4,500 past years (1999-2007), 40,000 to 100,000+ coho feet. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 118
- 119. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Niesson Creek Surplus Adult Coho Plants (1997-2009) 800 745 ADULT COHO 700 600 549 548 NUMBER OF FISH PLANTED 500 400 339 265 300 251 250 230 225 200 100 100 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR PLANTED Rushingwater Creek Juvenile Coho and Chinook Acclimation Pond Plants (1999-2010) 300,000 COHO FALL CHINOOK 250,000 SPRING CHINOOK 200,000 NUMBER OF CHINOOK PLANTED 200,000 149,970 133,486 150,000 104,500 101,400 100,450 100,350 84,000 100,000 60,100 55,053 39,935 38,093 50,000 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 119
- 120. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED adequate sized spawning gravel, principally SALMON throughout the lower section of the creek, are avail- able. Most of the spawning habitat within the creek, although quite limited, exists in the lower 0.5 CREEK 10.0035 miles of the creek. It’s likely that a great deal of the gravel present throughout the lower reach is re- cruited from Salmon Tributary. Fish do ascend above the first half mile despite the fact that spawn- ing opportunities are few and the habitat is consi- derably poorer in quality. In response to the limited spawning habitat available, several of the chum salmon observed in Salmon Creek are likely to be ascending to the spring fed tributary, Salmon Tribu- tary, which enters Salmon Creek at RM 0.5 on the right bank. The consistent flow into Salmon Creek from this perennial tributary contributes greatly to the accessibility of Chinook during the late summer and early fall when instream flows in many streams are too low for Chinook to enter. Salmon Creek supports adult Chinook, pink, co- S almon Creek, also known as Strawberry ho, and chum spawners; with chum being the most Creek, flows just north of downtown Sumner. abundant species present. Coho are observed The creek channel is narrow and incised, es- spawning; however, their numbers continue to be pecially along the lower 0.5 miles. Most of the creek low. Steelhead and bull trout utilization is un- flows through moderately developed private and known. Prior to 2005, Salmon Creek was not regu- commercial properties before entering the White larly surveyed for Chinook since they were seldom River at RM 2.1. In 2004, the City of Sumner com- observed. However, throughout the previous 10 pleted a large wetland restoration project adjacent years, a few Chinook carcasses were observed with- to the lower reach of Salmon Creek (RM 0.4). The in the lower 300 feet of the creek while conducting 11 acre site was the result of a mitigation settle- coho surveys. Chinook surveys conducted since ment with Davis Properties and Fred Myers. 2005 have documented spawning as high as to the Several of the limiting factors impacting fish old Weber plant (Elm St. E & 160th Ave E); however, production in Salmon Creek include; a confined and the majority of spawning occurs in the lower 0.5 straightened stream channel, disconnected flood- miles of the creek. Adult coho have been observed plain, channel erosion, absent or deficient riparian as high as 60th St. E. cover, as well as low summer and fall seasonal A new oversized culvert was installed near the flows. High sediment inputs, industrial discharge, mouth during the summer of 2007, and another and lack of channel habitat are additional limiting culvert and road crossing was installed upstream factors. in 2009 (top photo). The culverts were installed to The riparian along portions of the creek consist facilitate the construction of access roads across of sparse stands of alder, fir and maple. Unfortu- the stream channel in order to reach a future in- nately, large sections of the stream riparian consist dustrial warehouse development on the north side of nothing other than blackberry, turf grass, and of the creek. During the fall of 2008, the two lower reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) which undersized cement culverts that had long been re- provide little or nothing in the way of shade or LWD sponsible for fish passage issues were removed. inputs. The substrate is largely fine sediment, clay, and undersized gravel; however, limited patches of PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 120
- 121. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Salmon Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8/28/09 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/23/09 DATE SURVEYED Salmon Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2005-2009) 30 LIVE DEAD 25 REDDS 21 20 20 19 20 19 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 13 13 13 11 10 10 7 5 5 4 3 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 121
- 122. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Salmon Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE 1,400 DEAD 1,200 1,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 800 600 400 200 0 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 11/18/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Salmon Creek Coho Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE 9 DEAD 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 11/18/09 11/30/09 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 122
- 123. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Salmon Creek Coho Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 30 27 LIVE DEAD 25 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 12 11 10 9 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 YEAR SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 123
- 124. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Salmon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 20 LIVE 18 DEAD 16 14 NUMBER OBSERVED 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/29/09 1/6/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED Salmon Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1991-2009) 160 LIVE 138 140 129 DEAD 120 109 100 93 NUMBER OBSERVED 82 78 80 70 68 61 57 60 51 49 48 47 45 44 44 40 32 31 29 29 28 27 25 23 20 20 19 18 17 14 14 20 13 12 10 2 2 1 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 124
- 125. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED limited and undersized. The riparian zone along SALMON the upper non-anadromous reach is well intact. In the past, two perched culverts located on Sal- TRIBUTARY mon Creek have been responsible for periodically 10.0036 preventing adult salmon, primarily chum, from ac- cessing Salmon Tributary. The upper culvert on Salmon Creek often created a significant fish pas- sage problem until late 2007, when bank erosion permitted the creek to breech the culvert. During the fall of 2008, the two lower undersized cement culverts that had long been responsible for fish pas- sage issues were removed. Beyond RM 0.13, the gradient increases substan- tially and the channel narrows. The increase in gradient and flow is by and large an obstacle to chum, which are the most abundant species to spawn in the creek. Salmon Tributary regularly supports a large run of chum salmon for a stream of its size. Unfortunately, the densities of adults dur- S ing some seasons has been too high, and redd supe- almon Tributary is a short run, spring-fed rimposition was recurrent; especially during and stream entering Salmon Creek (Strawberry Creek) at RM 0.5. Salmon Tributary has ap- following the peak spawning period. Pre-spawning predation mortalities of chum is common during proximately 0.13 miles (700 feet) of highly produc- most seasons; tive spawning habitat. The lower anadromous however, reach consists of a low to moderate gradient channel when high with excellent spawning gavel available throughout spawning its length (lower left & center right). Although the densities are creek lacks significant structure, it manages quit observed, pre- well to support adult spawners including chum, spawned mor- pink, coho, and the occasional Chinook; as well as talities due to providing limited overwintering opportunities for predation in- juvenile coho and Chinook. creases. Chum fry will spend a brief time rearing in Beyond the anadromous reach the creek climbs the creek. The process of smoltification occurs quickly to a point where impassable cascades pre- quickly and the chum will migrate towards marine vent any further upstream migration. The riparian waters shortly after emerging from the gravel. along the lower reach of the creek consists largely of Coho are often observed in the fall spawning in alder, as well as a few conifers and holly. A few the lower 250 feet of the creek. Flow in Salmon Tri- pieces of butary is generally too low to provide Chinook or small in- steelhead access to spawn, yet Chinook have been stream woo- observed spawning in Salmon Creek at the mouth of woody de- Salmon Tributary. Small, low gradient pools at the bris are mouth provide excellent habitat for young Chinook present; and coho; newly emerged coho fry are regularly ob- however, served in late January and early February during LWD re- the later part of chum surveys. cruitment is PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 125
- 126. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Salmon Tributary Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 800 LIVE DEAD 700 600 NUMBER OBSERVED 500 400 300 200 100 0 9/10/09 9/16/09 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Salmon Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 60 LIVE Significant numbers of pre- spawned mortalities due to DEAD 50 predation were observed. 40 NUMBER OBSERVED 30 20 10 0 10/22/09 10/30/09 11/9/09 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/29/09 1/6/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 126
- 127. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Salmon Tributary Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1993-2009) 600 LIVE 481 500 DEAD 456 400 363 346 NUMBER OBSERVED 275 300 255 242 200 142 130 89 76 75 100 70 50 48 8 4 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 127
- 128. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Analogous to many headwater tributaries within SHAW the park, the lower 300-400 feet of the creek is com- prised of a narrow, low gradient channel flowing within the open channel migration zone of the CREEK 10.0365 White River floodplain. There is no significant LWD present in this portion of the channel. Al- though spawning does occur within this small stretch, it is acutely limited due the lack of quality spawning substrate created by the fine alluvial de- posits from the White River, and is repeatedly ma- nipulated and affected by mainstem river incur- sions. Beyond the open floodplain, Shaw Creek enters the heavily forested lower slope of the valley floor as it parallels the White River. From this point, the creek channel assumes a pool-riffle configuration for approximately the next 0.65 miles (top left). Unfor- tunately, only about 0.5 miles of this reach provides quality spawning and rearing opportunities. Fre- quently, during periods of lower flows, the creek wa- S ter becomes hyporheic approximately 0.5 miles after haw Creek is a small right bank headwater entering the forested area; creating a provisional yet tributary of the White River. This high significant barrier. Furthermore, if flows are low mountain drainage is a north facing stream enough, additional barriers are created throughout flowing through the Shaw Creek Valley, between the wetted channel by small jumps in channel Tamanos Mountain (native Chinook jargon meaning height due to bedload build-up behind LWD embed- “Spirit”) to the west, and Governors Ridge to the ded in the channel. Fortunately, this wetted chan- east. Located entirely within Mt. Rainier National nel section provides excellent habitat for rearing; as Park, the creek is nonglacial in origin; rather, its well as spawning when flows are sufficient. Spawn- source comes from the Owyhigh Lakes located at ing gravel is abundant; as are significant logjams nearly 5,200’. Shaw Creek flows for approximately and in-channel LWD. In addition, numerous deep 3.5 miles from Owyhigh Lakes plateau before enter- pools and side channels provide excellent habitat for ing the White River at approximately RM 68.8; just juvenile and adult fish utilizing this creek. upstream of Klickitat Creek. The seasonally dry channel reach section contin- Shaw provides vital habitat conditions for bull ues beyond the Sunrise Park Road Bridge, located trout rearing and spawning. PTF surveys the creek at approximately RM 0.62. Beyond the bridge cross- for bull trout from late August through early Octo- ing, the gradient begins to increase significantly as ber. During the 2008 season, bull trout were ob- the stream channel begins to climb up the valley served spawning during September. Although bull wall toward the high lakes. At this point, a series of trout spawning is consistent in this tributary, it impassable cascades marks the permanent upper does not experience the spawning frequency compa- extent of anadromy. The stream continues to course rable to that observed in Klickitat or No Name its way through the steep Shaw Creek Valley until creeks. With the exception of steelhead, the creeks reaching the Owyhigh Lakes plateau. Several small 3400’+ elevation at the mouth is likely too high for unnamed tributaries contribute additional flow to most salmon. In the fall of 2007, PTF biologists ob- Shaw along this upper reach; unfortunately, they do served pink salmon in Sunrise Creek which is lo- not add any beneficial spawning or rearing habitat cated inside the National Park and approximately given that they are located well above the anadrom- 5.8 miles downstream of Shaw Creek. ous barriers. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 128
- 129. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Shaw Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/3/09 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/7/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Shaw Creek can be found in Appendix D. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 129
- 130. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED some low energy pocket areas provide what little SILVER spawning habitat is available along the lower creek. Incredibly, the few spawning habitat areas availa- ble are utilized each season by bull trout. In 2007, CREEK 10.0313 the South Puget Sound Salmon Enhancement Group (SPSSEG), with funding from the USFWS and the USFS, completed the removal of an old di- version dam suspected of causing a barrier to mi- grating salmon and bull trout. The removal of this aged structure has enhanced access to available spawning habitat upstream. Bull trout, which are often observed spawning in Silver Springs, were not surveyed for in Silver Creek prior to 2006. However, in 2006 and 2007, a bull trout migration and spawning ground telemetry study was conducted by PTF on the White River. In support of the project, several bull trout captured in the USACE Buckley trap were implanted with radio transmitters. The radio tagged fish were then S tracked over the next 6 months from their release ilver Creek is a right bank headwaters tribu- site at RM 45 near the community of Greenwater, to tary of the White River located at RM 60.5, several spawning sites located in the upper White just outside of the northern boundary of Mt. River including Silver Creek. A bull trout tagged Rainier National Park. Silver Creek originates during the 2006 study was observed holding in Sil- along the Crystal Mountain Ridge within the We- ver Creek prior to spawning at a site approximately natchee National Forest, and flows for over 7 miles 200 feet upstream from the mouth. In addition to through steep mountainous terrain, dropping nearly 2006, bull trout spawning activity was documented 3,000 feet from its source until reaching its conflu- along the lower 200 feet of the creek in 2007 (2 ence with the White River immediately West of redds observed) and 2008. Highway 410. Silver Creek has one major tributary; Although entirely feasible, steelhead utilization 4.4 mile Goat Creek (10.0314), which enters on the is currently unknown since no surveys have been right bank of Silver Creek 0.2 miles up from its conducted to determine usage. However, coho, Chi- mouth (lower left photo). Upstream of Goat Creek nook, pink and sockeye are frequently observed in there are numerous smaller unnamed tributaries nearby Silver Springs; yet, with the exception of an contributing flow to Silver Creek as well. occasional coho and pink salmon, PTF biologist have The surrounding riparian zone consists of some not observed any other sal- old growth conifers, and a mixture of younger con- mon species spawning in Sil- iferous and deciduous trees. The in-stream habitat ver Creek. throughout the lower 0.5 miles of Silver Creek con- Interestingly, Silver Creek sists of mostly is also the final resting place moderate to high of Henry C. Allen (1848- gradient cas- 1898), a civil war veteran, cades with shal- and Purple Heart recipient low and mod- who fought with the 16th erately deep Wisconsin Infantry, then relocated to the region af- scour pools. The ter the war. He was found frozen near his trap lines scour pools and in the winter of 1898, and was buried on site. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 130
- 131. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Silver Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/8/09 10/14/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Silver Creek can be found in Appendix D. Silver Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2006-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 131
- 132. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED White during high-water and flood events. In addi- SILVER SPRINGS tion, the mouth of Silver Creek has frequently been relocated a couple of hundred feet due to mainstem CREEK 10.0332A river incursions. Silver Springs is principally a coho stream; how- ever, several species including Spring Chinook, sockeye, pink salmon, and bull trout have been do- cumented spawning in the creek at some period over the past several seasons. Although steelhead are present in the upper watershed, their utilization of Silver Springs is unknown. With the exception of coho, other species documented in the creek have not been observed spawning on consistent annual basis. A small number of Chinook were observed spawning during the 2001, 2006 and 2007 seasons. Pink salmon were observed spawning in the creek in 2003, `05, `07 and `09; as well as a couple of sock- eye in `03, `04, `05, `07 and `09. Adult salmon spawning in Silver Springs Creek S ilver Springs is a short, spring-fed headwater were previously captured at the USACE fish trap in tributary to the White River (RM 60.5). With Buckley, and transported above Mud Mountain its clear and consistent flow, this cool spring dam. Since precise escapement numbers are offers excellent spawning and rearing habitat for known, surveys are conducted to determine fish dis- several species of salmonids. Erupting from a small tribution and spawning success. Silver Springs is bench along the forest floor within the Silver the second highest point at which adult salmon are Springs Campground; this spring creek runs adja- observed; several dead pink salmon were observed cent to Hwy. 410, approximately 0.5 mile north of in Sunrise Creek in 2007. Sunrise is located 2.5 the Mt. Rainier National Park boarder. Silver miles upstream, inside Mt. Rainier National Park, Springs flows for approximately 0.3 miles within a making it the highest salmon migration point do- low gradient pool riffle channel. At a point along cumented by PTF staff. the lower creek, the channel passes through an un- Bull trout spawning in Silver Springs generally dersized, yet fish passable culver under the commences in early campgrounds one-way road. Coho September shortly The creek contains a moderate amount of inter- before the coho ap- active in-stream LWD, in addition to one significant pear. However, in long-term woody debris jam located in the lower contrast to several of channel. The overstory riparian consists largely of the other headwater mature conifers, in addition to several hardwoods tributaries bull trout located near the confluence with the White River are known to spawn and Silver Creek. Typical of this type of stream, the in, bull trout spawning in Silver Springs is some- substrate is made up primarily of sand and small what inconsistent. It’s conceivable the creeks prox- gravel. However, several pockets of excellent imity to campsites, as well as two foot bridges plus a spawning gravel are present throughout the reach, road crossing, and the presence of campers, is dis- although it is frequently obscured by fine sand. The rupting bull trout spawning. The campground is entire channel of Silver Springs runs within the open and active through the first week of October; floodplain of the White River, and has on occasion then closes for the season just as coho are arriving. been inundated by silt and woody debris from the PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 132
- 133. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Silver Springs Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/8/09 10/14/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Silver Springs Creek can be found in Appendix D. Silver Springs Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2001-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 133
- 134. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED miles of additional spawning and rearing habitat, as SOUTH PRAIRIE well as flow contributions. From the mouth, upstream to RM 12.6, the CREEK 10.0429 stream is typically a low to moderate gradient pool- riffle channel with many deep pools and a few short low gradient cascades. The lower 8 miles flows within a broad valley floor and spawning opportuni- ties for all species is abundant throughout. Land use along this section is mainly agricultural and re- creational. Chinook spawning occurs primarily within the lower 8 miles, while coho show increased usage throughout the middle and upper reaches of the 15 mile anadromous section of the creek. South Prairie experiences a unique late-run of coho, which often spawn into late February and early March. Chum regularly utilize the lower 3 miles heavily but are frequently observed well above RM 10. Steel- head utilize areas along the entire stream below the S barrier falls; however, usage is reduced in the can- outh Prairie Creek is a major tributary of the yon reach below the falls. The valley walls narrow Carbon River, entering the Carbon near RM significantly above RM 8; at this point the creek 6, just downstream of the Highway 162 and channel becomes more confined and the gradient Foothills Trail bridge crossings. With a drainage increases. Spawning and rearing opportunities are area over 90 mi2, South Prairie Creek is considered still prevalent here, as is the increase in LWD and one of the most productive drainages in the Puyal- LWD inputs from the surrounding forest. lup/White River Watershed. The headwaters origi- From RM 12.6 to the falls at RM 15.4, the chan- nate along the northwest foothills of Mt. Rainier nel gradient increases substantially and the creek within the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. channel becomes moderately to extremely confined The mainstem creek flows for over 21.5 miles; cours- within a steep canyon. Spawning and rearing op- ing its way through or near the communities of Wil- portunities are severely reduced or non-existent. keson, Burnett, and South Prairie. The creek offers Spawning gravel is scarce in this upper reach and critical spawning and rearing habitat for adult and many heavily scoured bedrock sections exist. juvenile salmonids including; Chinook, pink, coho, The riparian zone changes dramatically over the chum and steelhead. Bull trout have been observed 15.4 miles of anadromous stream. The upper can- and captured in the creek, but distribution and yon reach flows through a commercial forest and overall utilization is unknown. Limiting factors streamside vegetation consists of second growth fir associated with South Prairie include; low summer and alder. Buffer widths along recent harvest areas flows, channel confinement and narrowing, bank are generally wider than the state regulated mini- erosion, disconnected floodplain, water quality (303 mum due to steep, potentially unstable slopes along (d) listed for temperature), areas of deficient ripa- the canyon. From RM 12.6 to RM 6.0 the riparian rian cover, and invasive plant species. zone is relatively intact, consisting of mature hard- The anadromous range extends roughly the first woods with some fir. Below this point, to the con- 15 miles of the mainstem; a series of impassable fluence, significant portions of the banks are ar- falls near RM 15.4 prevents any further upstream mored and streamside residential development is migration. Tributaries including Wilkeson, Spike- common. Much of the lower 6 miles flows through ton, Beaver, plus several unnamed tributaries, add active agricultural land where alder and cottonwood are the most common streamside tree species. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 134
- 135. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 South Prairie Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 200 LIVE 180 DEAD REDDS 160 140 NUMBER OBSERVED 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 8/24/09 9/4/09 9/10/09 9/11/09 9/21-22/09 9/28/09 10/5-6/09 10/19/09 10/29/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 South Prairie Chinook salmon graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. South Prairie Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1998-2009) 1,000 928 LIVE 900 838 DEAD REDDS 770 800 692 700 NUMBER OBSERVED 600 537 536 527 505 503 478 476 500 409 389 388 377 369 360 400 326 312 304 289 263 251 244 300 217 211 163 200 127 117 109 92 81 100 52 51 27 7 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED 2009 South Prairie Chinook salmon graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 135
- 136. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 South Prairie Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 250,000 LIVE DEAD 200,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 8/24/09 9/4/09 9/10/09 9/11/09 9/21-22/09 9/28/09 10/5-6/09 10/19/09 10/29/09 11/30/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 South Prairie pink salmon graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. South Prairie Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2009) 1,400,000 1,115,741 LIVE DEAD 1,200,000 1,000,000 NUMBER OBSEREVED 800,000 554,083 600,000 425,115 400,000 235,270 91,771 200,000 35,995 23,004 18,794 11,356 5,787 3,814 1,475 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED 2009 South Prairie pink salmon graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 136
- 137. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED South Prairie Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1992-2009) 9,000 LIVE 7,711 8,000 7,309 DEAD 7,000 6,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 5,000 4,231 3,943 4,000 2,986 3,000 2,307 2,267 2,149 2,028 1,428 2,000 1,110 1,032 996 816 785 785 703 647 640 1,000 499 434 390 383 364 363 341 331 305 265 244 174 88 80 63 52 44 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 137
- 138. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2010 South Prairie Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts 30 LIVE DEAD 25 REDDS 20 NUMBER OBSERVED 15 10 5 0 3/10/10 3/12/10 3/19/10 3/23/10 3/26/10 3/29/10 4/1/10 4/8/10 4/9/10 4/15/10 4/19/10 4/27/10 4/28/10 4/10/10 4/11/10 4/17/10 4/18/10 4/24- 5/2- DATE SURVEYED 26/10 24/10 South Prairie Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2010) 300 STEELHEAD REDDS 250 196 200 187 NUMBER OBSERVED 168 159 157 146 150 129 129 119 100 93 71 50 32 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED 2010 South Prairie steelhead graphs were generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 138
- 139. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED deficient riparian cover, and the influx of reed ca- SQUALLY nary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and blackberry. In addition, there is some development along the creek; primarily private residential, as well as storm CREEK 10.0024 run-off that is channeled into the creek. A large de- tention pond built by Pierce County is located on the western tributary of upper Squally. The pond was constructed to address excessive storm run-off and sediment issues. The 0.21 mile anadromous segment has two short distinct reaches, one below and one above Pio- neer Way. Downstream of Pioneer Way, the chan- nel is deeply incised with a substrate consisting of moderately compacted gravel, clay, and abundant fines (right). This substrate type is typical of the entire basin; a result of glacial deposits and compac- tion. Natural channel cutting through this har- dened substrate has created a two foot jump in the channel, which prevented chum from ascending S beyond the lower 200 feet for qually Creek is a small tributary located several seasons (2002-2008). within the larger 12.1 mi2 Clear Creek Basin The riparian is sparse along (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the the lower 300 feet, consisting plateaus and flatlands running along the southern mainly of a few small alders, valley of the lower Puyallup River, just west of the blackberry, and reed canary city of Puyallup. Encompassing an area of nearly 1 grass. The last 80 feet of the square mile, Squally Creek is the smallest of three creek runs through a culvert main tributaries feeding Clear Creek. Squally ori- passing under the BNSF ginates along the upper valley plateau near 72nd railroad tracks, where Squally finally meets with Street East and flows north, dropping through a Clear Creek. Squally is mainly utilized by chum, steep narrow canyon along the valley wall. Near although, a few coho are occasionally observed the foot of the valley the creek passes under Pioneer spawning in the lower stretch of the creek during Way and the BNSF rail line before reaching Clear December. Chum frequently spawn within the cul- Creek. vert where accumulations of gravel can be several Approximately the first 0.21 miles of the creek inches deep. No adult Chinook or steelhead usage provides the only suitable habitat for spawning and has been documented. rearing (top left); beyond this the creek begins to Upstream of where the creek passes under Pio- climb the valley wall preventing further upstream neer Way, the gradient increases and the less con- migration. Several of the fish and habitat limiting fined channel quickly becomes braided. Due to the factors involved with Squally including; channel channel braiding in this reach, the stream depth is confinement, inter- often shallow. However, there are several pieces of mittent or complete hardwood debris present, as well as moderate quan- fish barriers, no off- tities of suitable spawning gravel. The riparian channel habitat, along this section consists mostly of alder. During compacted substrate, the 2009-2010 season, substantial numbers of chum flooding and channel (lower left) were observed spawning within this erosion, absent or reach for the first time in several years. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 139
- 140. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Squally Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 80 LIVE DEAD 70 60 NUMBER OBSERVED 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/7/10 1/15/10 1/25/10 DATE SURVEYED Squally Creek Chum Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisins (1997-2009) 100 LIVE 89 90 DEAD 80 76 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 32 33 30 20 20 18 9 10 6 5 5 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 140
- 141. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED mountain streams located within the National Park, SUNRISE including Sunrise, provide the majority of the criti- cal bull trout spawning habitat in the basin. In ad- dition, bull trout spawning has been less frequent in CREEK 10.0337 this tributary compared to that observed in more significant headwater tributaries located along the White River, such as Klickitat Creek (elev. 3300’) located 5 miles upstream. Other species known to utilize the creek include cutthroat trout, brook trout, and pink salmon. The brook trout are likely descendents from fish plants in Hidden and Clover lakes during the early to mid part of the last cen- tury. Pink salmon were observed in the creek in 2007. Although this creek has not been surveyed for coho; it is reasonable to assume that coho have or do utilize this creek since it is located a short distance upstream from Silver Springs which is consistently exploited by adult coho spawners. Chinook and steelhead use in Sunrise is unknown. The anadromous reach of Sunrise provides suita- S unrise Creek is a left bank headwater tribu- ble habitat conditions for bull trout rearing and tary to the White River. This mountain spawning. The lower reach of the creek (RM 0-0.15) stream (lowest elev. 2800’) flows northeast is a low gradient channel flowing within the White through the steep Sunrise Creek Valley, between River floodplain, and is repeatedly influenced by the Sourdough Mountains to the northwest and Su- mainstem river incursions. There are moderate nrise Ridge along the southeast. Located entirely quantities of LWD present and a beneficial riparian within the boundaries of Mt. Rainier National Park buffer zone of conifers and mixes deciduous trees (NPS stream designation #W06-00a), the creek is along the majority of the creek. Although spawning nonglacial in origin; rather, its sources comes from does occur within this small stretch, it can be li- several sub-alpine lakes including Clover Lake mited due the lack of quality spawning substrate (elev. 5732’) and Hidden Lake (elev. 5915’); as well created by the alluvial deposits (sand & silt) from as, snowpack accumulations within the White River the White River. Upstream of the floodplain, the Park region. White River Park is nestled into the creek enters the heavily forested lower slope of the eastern slopes of the Sourdough Mountain Range valley floor, and then rapidly begins to climbs up located in the northeastern edge of the park. Su- the valley. From this point, the creek assumes a nrise Creek flows for 4.5 miles from its headwaters pool-riffle-cascade con- before entering the White River at approximately figuration up into the RM 63; positioning the mouth of the creek just in- steep valley; this fo- side the National Park boarder. rested reach provides Since 2006, PTF has surveyed the creek for bull quality rearing habitat, trout spawning activity from late August through but few spawning op- early October. Bull trout telemetry studies and portunities (right). An redd surveys were conducted during 2006 and 2007 impassable falls at ap- along the upper White River and West Fork White proximately RM 0.26 River; the projects focused heavily on the headwater prevents any further tributaries located within Mt. Rainier National upstream migration Park. The study results showed that the cold high (top left). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 141
- 142. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Sunrise Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/3/09 9/11/09 9/28/09 10/8/09 DATE SURVEYED *No bull trout or redds were observed on 2008; 1 redd was observed on 2007. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 142
- 143. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED to address excessive sediment and gravel movement SWAN issues. Although Swan Creek has been surveyed for sev- eral salmon species including Chinook, coho, chum CREEK 10.0003 and steelhead; only chum are observed in relatively abundant numbers (top left). In addition to chum, limited numbers of coho are observed spawning in the creek in December. However, substantial numbers of coho juve- niles are often observed in the spring. nately, summer and ear- ly fall flows are too low to allow Chinook access to the creek. Although bull trout utilization is unknown within Swan Creek; adult fluvial bull trout are known to forage in the smaller tributaries of the lower Puyallup. S wan Creek is a moderate sized tributary Swan also supports a large population of cutthroat located within the larger Clear Creek Basin trout, which can be observed spawning in the (10.0022). The Clear Creek Basin drains the spring. Two steelhead redds were observed during plateaus and flatlands running along the southern the April 2004 survey season. They were the first valley of the lower Puyallup River, between the ci- steelhead redds seen in Swan Creek in several ties of Puyallup and Tacoma. The head waters of years. However, no steelhead redds have been ob- Swan Creek originate just south of Highway 512, served since. Other species present in the creek in- and flow just over 6 miles north to meet up with clude catfish, lamprey, and sculpins. Clear Creek near Pioneer Way E. The Swan Creek From its origins, the creek flows within a narrow basin drains a moderately developed land area of distinct channel for approximately 3 miles through nearly 4 mi2. The land use along the creek is large- the upland plateau south of 72nd Street East. Near ly rural residential and recreational. The average 72nd, the creek begins to drop into an increasingly water discharge recorded by the USGS flow gauge narrow valley. The creek passes through a large (#12102190) for a five year period (1990-1991, 1995- concrete box culvert under 64th Street E.; then drops 1997) was 4.78 ft3/second. nearly three Several of the fish and habitat limiting factors feet back into involved with Swan Creek including; channel con- the creek finement, intermittent or complete fish barriers, un- channel. This stable substrate, flooding and channel erosion, ab- jump in sent or deficient riparian cover, invasive non-native tion is an plants, and water quality (bacteria). In addition, stream barrier there is some development present along the creek; to all species; primarily private residential, as well as storm run- with the ex- off that is channeled into the creek. A large de- ception of tion pond built by Pierce County is located on the steelhead, which may be able to pass if flows are lower reach of the creek. The pond was constructed high enough. However, spawning opportunities are PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 143
- 144. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED extremely limited and the habitat quality is poor largely undeveloped with a hiking trail paralleling upstream of this point. the creek. Downstream of the culvert, the next 0.2 miles of From RM 0.8 to 0.5, the stream is pool-riffle in the creek flows though a well defined channel with character and contains good spawning gravel, ripa- little spawning habitat or complexity. Beyond this, rian diversity and channel complexity. There is also the creek channel takes on more complexity due to a noticeable decrease in LWD and woody debris in the placement of sill logs which hold back bed load the channel. Swan Creek is prone to high water and create pool habitat through this narrow valley events however, and the substrate is only moderate- section (previous page-lower right). Unfortunately, ly stable. A sediment detention pond is located at one of the structures has developed into a likely RM 0.5 (bottom photo) and is dredged annually or barrier to upstream migration during low flows. biannually by Pierce County. During these events, This narrow valley reach continues for approximate- fisheries staff from the Puyallup Tribe seines the ly the next 1.8 miles until the gradient and the val- pond before dredging to remove the majority of fish ley walls begin to ease around RM 0.8. The channel present, and relocates the fish captured downstream dynamics of the work site. A large wooden wing wall is in change consi- place at the head of the pond to direct the creek to- derable through wards the detention pond. this reach; from Just downstream of the detention pond, the creek a single well de- flows through a short narrow channel and under fined channel to Pioneer Way E. Much of the channel is confined by braided sections. rip-rap. The RMZ along this short stretch is ex- There are sever- tremely poor and heavy erosion is occurring along al pieces of in- the left bank. The creek then flows a few hundred stream LWD; as well as several smaller pieces of feet before reaching the Haire Wetlands (right). wood and woody debris jams (center left). Several Some restoration work has been completed in the sections of the banks consist of actively eroding past on the Haire Wetland compacted glacial debris; contributing fine and lower reach of small course materials into the stream channel. the creek. In Spawning habitat is available throughout; yet, the 2001, a 12-acre substrate is largely made up of fine sand and under- site located sized gravel. The RMZ is well intact along the val- just down- ley section; consisting largely of mature Doulas fir, stream of Pio- alder, cottonwood and maple. A rapid shift in the neer Way was RMZ occurs around RM 1.5; at this point the sur- utilized to de- rounding forest consists primarily of a much thinner velop a side channel for overwintering juveniles and stand of alder, cottonwood and maple. To a large as a means of reconnecting Swan Creek to the Haire extent, the lower part of Swan Creek passes Wetlands. In addition, the restoration included the through the 290-acre Swan Creek Park. The park is removal of invasive and non-native plant species, A gravel and sediment and replanting the area with na- detention pond on Swan tive trees and shrubs. The City Creek is located at RM 0.5. of Tacoma financed the Haire Wetlands restoration site along Clear and Swan creeks through the Natural Resource Damages Assessment Program (NRDA). PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 144
- 145. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Swan Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 80 LIVE DEAD 70 60 NUMBER OBSERVED 50 40 30 20 10 0 9/24/09 10/2/09 10/13/09 10/22/09 10/30/09 DATE SURVEYED 2009 Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 100 LIVE 90 DEAD 80 70 NUMBER OBSERVED 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11/18/09 11/30/09 12/10/09 12/18/09 12/28/09 1/7/10 1/15/10 DATE SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 145
- 146. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Swan Creek Chum Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1992-2009) 3,000 LIVE DEAD 2,267 2,500 2,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 1,492 1,500 1,196 928 1,000 792 692 647 600 574 553 500 252 222 217 134 131 113 104 100 91 84 77 47 41 38 38 20 17 9 7 7 6 6 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 146
- 147. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED the first 450 to 600 feet of the stream was a low SWIFT gradient channel with good spawning gravel. How- ever, the Puyallup River overtook this short reach, eliminating nearly all the available spawning habi- CREEK 10.0697 tat. Anadromous salmon utilization in Swift Creek was absent for nearly a century due to the streams location above the Electron diversion dam. With the completion of the Electron fish ladder (@ RM 41.7) in the fall of 2000, anadromous fish passage was restored for the first time since 1904. Restoring anadromous access to the upper Puyallup River has made approximately 26+ miles of spawning and rearing habitat above the diversion available for several species including Chinook, coho, pink, steel- head, and bull trout. Swift Creek is not regularly surveyed for spawn- ing activity, but rather had been the location of an- nual surplus adult coho plants (1997-2003) from the WDFW Voights Creek Hatchery located in the city of Orting. Adult plants were started in 1997 as a S wift Creek is a right bank tributary to the means to reintroduce coho and jump-start the upper Upper Puyallup River. Swift originates from reach of the Puyallup. From 1997 to 2003, between the Sunset Park region located along the west 116 and 513 adult coho were planted annually in slope of Mt. Rainier. Swift flows approximately 2.8 Swift Creek from the 710 rd. bridge which crosses miles from its origin at 5400’ to its confluence with the creek approximately 0.3 miles upstream from its the Puyallup River at RM 46.8 (elev. 2180’). Down- confluence with the Puyallup (lower right photo). stream of the NPS boundary (RM 2.6) the creek Yet, the majority of the coho planted would fall flows through the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National downstream and spawn in the lower spawning Forest before reaching the Puyallup, approximately reach of the creek when it existed. The loss of this .85 miles downstream from the confluence of the habitat was North and South Forks. Swift drops rapidly for the one of the majority of its 2.8 mile run. The greater component reasons of the creek consists of a moderate to high gradient surplus channel with a cobble and boulder substrate; as well plants of as moderate amounts of small and large instream coho were woody debris. The riparian zone, which is com- discontin- prised of mature conifers and mixed deciduous ued in trees, is well intact along the entire creek corridor Swift. In Currently, little spawning habitat exists for response to adult salmon or steelhead to utilize. What habitat this loss, coho and Chinook surplus plants have is available is present in the lower 0.2 miles of the since been transported up to the North Fork of the creek. Unfortunately, the creek channel climbs Puyallup and planted from a bridge constructed in steeply approximately 0.2 miles from its confluence 2004. In addition to coho and cutthroat, steelhead with the Puyallup River; a series of high gradient utilization within this stream has also been docu- cascades prevents further upstream migration for mented; though currently, bull trout utilization is most species. The lower creek is repeatedly influ- unknown. enced by mainstem river incursions. Prior to 2006, PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 147
- 148. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED tat and a disconnected flood plain on the lower reach, VOIGHTS an intermittent fish barrier created by a water diver- sion dam (prior to 2009), and water withdrawal (prior to 2009). CREEK 10.0414 The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife operates a hatchery located at RM 0.5; however, this facility was non-operational for much of 2009 due to significant damage caused by severe flooding during the January, 2009 flood event. WDFW made repairs, and the hatchery became operational again by mid August, 2009. Prior to this unfortunate shut down, the department had conducted a Fall Chinook (entire 2008 brood year lost), coho, and winter steelhead (steelhead program was terminated in 2009) program at this location. The WDFW hatchery on Voights Creek has arti- ficially propagated coho since 1917, having in the past incorporated fry and smolts from other drai- nages, including Big Soos Creek, Minter Creek, Garrison Springs, George Adams Creek; as well as V oights Creek is a tributary to the lower Car- the Skagit and Washougal rivers. Voights Creek bon River, entering the Carbon at RM 4.0 just currently produces approximately 800,000 (formally southeast of the community of Orting. 1.2 million), 100% mass marked (adipose fin clip) Voights Creek originates along the northwest foo- coho pre-smolts annually; of which, 100,000 to thills of Mt. Rainier, just west of Martin Peak and 200,000 are customarily transferred to acclimation north of the Mowich River. The creek flows for near- ponds in the upper Puyallup Watershed when ly 20 miles in a northwest direction until it joins the available. In addition, hatchery rearing 200,000+ Carbon River. Encompassing a drainage area of near- Fall Chinook for acclimation ponds in the upper ly 23 mi2, the mainstem creek offers nearly 4 miles of Puyallup River is a key component to restoration anadromous usage; in addition, a little spawning and goals. The Puyallup Tribe operates several accli- rearing habitat is available in Coplar Creek (lower mation ponds in the Puyallup/White River Wa- left), a small tributary entering Voights at RM 0.7. tershed. Acclimation ponds are a proven method for However, Coplar Creek is generally only accessible increasing fish numbers on the spawning grounds. during the increased flows associated with late fall Three of the acclimation ponds were used for rees- and winter snows and rainfall. The anadromous ha- tablishing Fall Chinook and coho reared at Voights bitat available in Voights supports Chinook, coho and into a 26+ mile reach of the Upper Puyallup River steelhead; as well as occasional pink and chum above Electron Dam (RM 41.7). The Electron diver- spawners. A range of fish and habitat limiting fac- sion dam had been an anadromous barrier for 97 tors associated years (1904-2000). with Voights In addition to the rearing and acclimation of ju- Creek include; ero- veniles, surplus live adult Fall Chinook and coho sion, flooding, wa- from the WDFW Voights Creek hatchery were ter quality (tem- planted in the upper Puyallup River drainage when perature), channel surplus fish were available. The Puyallup Tribe has confinement, loss of been hauling surplus adults from Voights Creek and off channel habi- planting them in the upper Puyallup Watershed since1997. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 148
- 149. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Puyallup River Fall Chinook are endemic below the dam. throughout the Puyallup River, Carbon River, Low- The gradient er White River, as well as several of the tributaries throughout this associated with these mainstem river systems. A lower reach is large component of adult fall Chinook spawners are low; the sub- hatchery origin from the WDFW Fall Chinook pro- strate size is gram operated on more consistent Voights Creek. In addi- than the upper tion, over the past sever- reach, although al operational seasons, smaller and somewhat compacted. The extreme high the weir designed to pre- water event of 2009 caused the creek channel to vent fish passage above avulse just upstream of the diversion dam. The new the hatchery had proven channel currently runs just north of the old channel; to be ineffective, there- then reconnects with the older established channel fore, allowing hatchery just upstream of Hyw162. The new channel provides fish to access the upper few spawning opportunities. Upstream of the diver- 3.4 miles of the creek to sion dam, the channel begins to encounter the influ- spawn naturally. Voights ences caused by increasing elevation as it ascends Creek is currently surveyed for steelhead only. out of the valley floor. The gradient increases An impassable falls located at RM 3.9 blocks any slightly; however, the channel is no longer confined, further upstream migration (top left). Steelhead are thereby allowing the creek to branch out creating frequently observed spawning throughout the entire several braids and significant side channels over the 3.4 mile stretch above the hatchery. Unfortunately, next 0.8 miles. The riparian throughout this section steelhead escapement in Voights Creek has fallen is well intact and there is a significant increase in considerably over the past decade. Winter steelhead LWD and debris jams. populations in the Puyallup basin have been declin- Near RM 2, the valley walls close in tightly and ing for nearly the past two decades. The steep de- the channel is naturally restricted to a defined, mod- cline observed in steelhead escapement over the erate sized channel and with narrow gorges. The sur- past several years has created serious concern rounding riparian is primarily a mix of 2nd growth among fisheries managers. Factor(s) responsible for conifer and deciduous trees. Nearly the entire 2 the decline in steelhead escapement are unknown. mile reach, The stream channel varies a great deal in com- from the plexity throughout its length. The lower mile is con- diversion to fined by armored banks and levees, with large seg- the falls, is ments of significantly deficient riparian cover and a moderate negligible in- gradient stream LWD. channel Prior to Jan- containing uary, 2009; a excellent, water diver- although sion dam near somewhat sporadic patches of gravel. Several pieces RM 1.2 in- of LWD and significant log jams are present termittently throughout this reach as well. Several large mass blocked up- wastings (lower right) are present along the hills and stream mi- slopes of the upper reach above the gorge; contribut- grating fish during low flow periods. Fortunately, ing substantially to LWD and gravel inputs down- there were several spawning opportunities available stream. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 149
- 150. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Voights Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2010) 60 STEELHEAD REDDS 50 48 44 40 NUMBER OBSERVED 33 30 20 18 16 10 9 10 8 7 7 4 4 2 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED The 2008 redd data is incomplete due to extremely poor survey conditions and access issues which prevented a regular full season of surveys. Voights Creek Fall Juvenile Coho Salmon Acclimation Pond Outplants (1999-2010) 149,970 COWSKULL ACCLIMATION POND RUSHINGWATER ACCLIMATION POND LAKE KAPOWSIN 104,500 104,500 NUMBER OF FISH RELEASED 101,400 100,450 100,350 99,400 96,790 93,000 93,000 84,000 71,980 60,100 55,053 39,935 34,850 21,000 20,100 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR PLANTED No 1+ coho were available for out-planting in 2010 due to losses sustained in the 2009 flood event. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 150
- 151. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED was constructed, thereby permanently diverting the WHITE White River into the Puyallup. Significant tributaries of the White include the West Fork White River, Huckleberry Creek, Boise RIVER 10.0031 Creek, Clearwater River, and the Greenwater River. The White River Watershed provides critical spawn- ing and rearing habitat for several salmonids in- cluding several ESA listed species which include; native White River Spring Chinook, winter steel- head, and bull trout. Other non-threatened species include coho, pink, chum, sockeye, rainbow trout, cutthroat, and whitefish. These tributaries, with the exception of the West Fork, are described in this report. All adult salmon and steelhead that spawn in the Upper White River and its tributaries are initially captured in the USACE fish trap in Buckley; then transported above Mud Mountain dam (RM 29.6). Since precise escapement numbers for the Upper White River drainage are known, surveys are con- T he White River (Stuck) is a vast and dynamic ducted to determine fish distribution and spawning glacially driven river system. The headwa- success. This is especially important regarding ters of the White originate from the Emmons Spring Chinook, since adult production monitoring and Fryingpan glaciers on the north face of Mt. is part of the recovery plan. Rainier. Flowing 76.7 miles from its mountain The systems glacial origin is responsible for the source to its eventual confluence with the Puyallup turbid conditions that are most noticeable during River; the White River Watershed drains an area of warmer weather experienced during late spring and nearly 494 mi2, nearly twice that of the Puyallup summer. The White River conveys a tremendous River. However, the White and Puyallup drainages volume of bed load material which contributes to are often viewed and managed as two distinct and the dynamic nature of the system. The high sedi- separate entities. This management approach is ment loads are responsible for the braided channel due in part because prior to 1906, the White River morphology characteristic of broad valley segments. did not flow into the Puyallup. Salo and Jagielo This condition is most prevalent in the upper reach- (1983) described that prior to 1906; the majority of es within and immediately outside the National the White River flowed north towards Elliot Bay. Park boundaries (river mile 56 to 71). Although this Yet, some of the water from the White often flowed upper headwater segment provides little or nothing south to the Puyallup through the Stuck River in the way of mainstem spawning opportunities, its channel. In November of 1906, a flood event mobi- pristine and unspoiled tributaries provide a great lized a tremendous amount of wood debris that deal of the critical bull trout spawning and rearing blocked the north flowing channel in what is now habitat in the system. Sunrise Creek (RM 63), lo- downtown Auburn. The blockage forced the river to cated 2.5 miles inside Mt. Rainier National Park, avulse and find a new channel. This newly created marks the highest salmon migration point docu- diversion sent nearly the entire White River flow mented by PTF staff. down through the Stuck River channel into the Downstream of the NPS boundary near RM 61, Puyallup, more than doubling the size of the Puyal- the mainstem river, as well as many of its tributa- lup River drainage. In 1915, a concrete structure ries course through industrial forestlands including National Forest, but primarily within private tim- PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 151
- 152. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED ber company ownership. Much of these forestlands dam in Buckley and transported upstream and re- have been harvested at least once and in many cas- leased above Mud Mountain. The Corps’ trapping es twice. Lands in timber production areas are of- facility is uniquely integrated into a diversion dam ten densely roaded with some sections approaching and flume intake that was, up until January 2004, six lineal miles per square mile. Roads have con- used to divert water from the White River to gener- tributed to many of their trademark problems such ate power. Since Puget Sound Energy (PSE) ceased as landslides, slope failures, altered hydrology, cul- power production, instream flows have increased vert and bridge projects that can effect upstream considerably in the lower river. Thus far, some migration, and of course high levels if sedimentation measure of water has continued to be diverted from within effected drainages. In contrast to the head- the river to maintain the water levels and water waters reach, mainstem spawning opportunities are quality in Lake Tapps. However, the effect on fish frequently available throughout much of the upper passage is the same; a small percentage of fish will mainstem from RM 55 downstream to Mud Moun- fall back downstream below Mud Mountain; utiliz- tain dam at RM 29.5. Chinook, coho and pink sal- ing this disenfranchised reach of the river between mon have all been observed spawning in the lower the two facilities. velocity margins of the mainstem within this sec- Downstream of the diversion dam at RM 24.3; to tion. approximately RM 11, there is frequent and concen- The West Fork White River entering at RM 49.2 trated use by Chinook, pink, coho and steelhead. on the left bank is glacially driven as well, and is Some chum spawning activity takes place within characterized by generally unconfined, often braided this reach as well; however, the majority of chum and complex channels. Abundant spawning gravels spawn below RM 15. There are significant side are present in pool tail, as well as the margins and channels, as well as LWD and log jams contributing low velocity areas along the lower river. Woody de- to the complexity of the lower River. This reach bris is abundant although much of it has been depo- provides numerous spawning and rearing opportun- sited too high to interact with the regular seasonal ities. One side channel complex, approximately a flows. To a great extent, the overstory riparian zone mile long, is located on the left bank directly below is either second growth conifer or hardwoods; except the Shaker Church access (RM 14.5). This long es- for the zone through Mt. National Park with consist tablished channel supports Chinook, pink and coho, of mostly old growth. Several tributaries including as well as the highest recent documentation of chum Pinochle, Cripple and Wrong creeks; frequently salmon spawning. Another The lower White River support Chinook, coho and pink spawners. In addi- substantial side channel not tion, the clear headwater tributaries of the West surveyed due to multiple Fork; specifically Lodi Creek, provide several key debris jams blocking access, spawning and rearing opportunities for bull trout. is located a couple of miles There are ap- downstream on the left proximately 5 miles bank. Aerial surveys have of suitable habitat documented both Chinook between Mud and steelhead spawning in Mountain Dam and this side channel. the USACE Buck- Downstream from approximately RM 11, the ley trap at RM 24.3; channel is constrained by levees (right photo). The unfortunately, only channel from this point loses complexity and there modest spawning at best takes place due to lack of is a marked decrease in both spawning gravel and fish access between the two sites. Mud Mountain is spawning activity of all species. Fisheries data for an earthen dam built for flood control (left), and is a the White River is located in appendix D, and in the complete blockage to upstream migration. It is for Buckley section of this report. this reason that fish are captured at the diversion PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 152
- 153. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED tat for Chinook, coho, pink, chum and steelhead. WILKESON However, Chinook use is often limited due to the extremely low flows common in the creek during late summer and early fall. Bull trout utilization is CREEK 10.0432 unknown. From the barrier falls at RM 6.2, down to approx- imately RM 5, the creek is confined by valley walls; yet the channel width and gradient are conducive to providing ample spawning opportunities for all spe- cies. Coal Mine Creek, entering near RM 5.7, is the only significant tributary entering the anadromous segment of Wilkeson Creek. Coal Mine supports coho, chum, and pink (top left) spawners. Between RM 5 and 4, Wilkeson Creek meanders through the town of Wilkeson, the channel is often deeply entrenched and the banks generally rip- rapped and confined. Spawning opportunities throughout this section are available, although, somewhat reduced compared to the rest of the creek. At RM 4.2, the Wilkeson Waste Water W ilkeson Creek is a large tributary to lower Treatment Plant discharges its treated domestic South Prairie Creek (10.0429). Wilkeson wastewater into the creek. flows for 12.3 miles from its source in the Below river mile 4 and the community of Wilke- Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, and then son, the creek travels through generally undeve- passes through the community of Wilkeson, before loped forested land until it reaches South Prairie. meeting South Prairie Creek (RM 6.7) just east of The lower 4 miles of Wilkeson is a pool-riffle stream the town of South Prairie. Unfortunately, only the with a gravel/cobble substrate. With a few excep- lower half of Wilkeson is accessible to salmon; a se- tions, abundant spawning gravel is present ries of falls at RM 6.2 marks the upper extent of throughout this reach. The riparian along lower adult salmon and steelhead migration. Wilkeson consists of hardwoods and conifers with a Several fish and habitat related issues associated diverse understory of native shrubs and vegetation. with Wilkeson Creek include; erosion, water quality Large swaths of Japanese knot weed is also present (temp.), channel confinement, low flows, water along numerous sections of the creek. In-stream withdrawal, and aquatic noxious weeds (Japanese woody debris is plentiful providing both channel knotweed-Polygonum cuspidatum). In addition, complexity and cover. pieces of coal still visible in the creek channel con- The lower 3 miles are tinue to bring to light the regions coal mining histo- very natural (lower left), ry and its lasting impacts on with a heavily wooded the creek. Currently, the riparian zone, debris jams primary land use along Wil- and several side channels keson is rural residential, offering excellent chum recreational, light commer- spawning opportunities, as well as overwintering cial, and forest. Despite its habitat for juvenile coho, Chinook and steelhead. limitations, the Wilkeson The lower 1.5 miles of the creek often experiences Creek basin is a productive the heaviest spawning effort by Chinook, pink, and system, providing suitable chum. Whereas, coho (right) and steelhead focus spawning and rearing habi- more on the middle and upper reaches of the creek. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 153
- 154. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/18/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/16/09 DATE SURVEYED Wilkeson Creek Chinook Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2009) 70 LIVE DEAD 60 60 REDDS 50 NUMBER OBSERVED 38 40 35 30 29 30 20 19 18 20 17 17 15 15 14 13 12 12 11 11 10 9 10 8 8 8 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 154
- 155. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing LIVE 24,000 DEAD 22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 NUMBER OBSERVED 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 8/28/09 9/9/09 9/18/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/16/09 10/28/09 11/6/09 DATE SURVEYED Wilkeson Creek Pink Salmon Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (1995-2009) 80,000 72,001 LIVE DEAD 70,000 60,000 NUMBER OBSEREVED 50,000 40,000 30,000 16,495 13,935 20,000 9,616 4,506 3,536 10,000 3,154 1,391 823 107 23 23 4 8 1 1 0 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 155
- 156. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2010 Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 2 0 3/10/10 3/18/10 3/26/10 4/8-9/10 4/15/10 4/21/10 4/27/10 5/10/10 5/17-19/10 5/24-26/10 6/2/10 DATE SURVEYED 2010 Wilkeson Creek steelhead graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. Wilkeson Creek Steelhead Redd Counts Seasonal Comparisons (1999-2010) 60 STEELHEAD REDDS 50 50 40 NUMBER OBSERVED 30 30 30 29 30 23 22 20 20 13 13 10 8 6 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR SURVEYED 2010 Wilkeson Creek steelhead graph was generated using survey data collected by WDFW biologists. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 156
- 157. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED tion is the least conducive for spawning due to a WINZIG primarily cobble and sandy substrate. In addition, this reach of the creek is highly subjected to the possibility of redd scouring or heavy silt deposition CREEK due to the influence of Fryingpan creek. Upstream of the anadromous reach, the creek en- ters the heavily forested lower slope of the valley as it begins to climbs up the valley wall. From this point, the creek assumes a pool-riffle-cascade confi- guration up the steep valley wall. Winzig Creek enters Fryingpan at approximately RM 1.3; less than a mile upstream of the Sunrise Park Road crossing and approximately 0.2 miles be- low Wright creek. The total length of the creek is unknown; however, only the lower 0.15 miles is anadromous. A series of bedrock cascades and falls blocks any further upstream migration. The creek is almost entirely bordered by an old growth con- iferous forest. W The first 0.1 miles of the creek consists of a nar- inzig Creek is not officially named by the row, moderate gradient channel flowing within the Washington State Board on Geographic open Fryingpan Creek floodplain (lower right pho- Names, nor is it identified on topographi- to). This newly established channel has few spawn- cal maps; however, for easy identification the creek ing opportunities available. There is no significant is referred to as “Winzig” by PTF staff. Located LWD or natural cover present in this portion of the within Mt. Rainier National Park, Winzig is a small channel. right bank tributary to Fryingpan Creek (see photo Beyond the open floodplain channel, the creek on next page). This tiny (winzig means tiny in enters the forested slope along Fryingpan. The German) mountain stream, likely intermittent or channel assumes a step-pool configuration from this seasonal, did not exist during prior seasonal bull point on. Throughout this final reach of fish usage, trout surveys and was surveyed for the first time in spawning opportunities are reduced due to the 2009. The mouth of Winzig Creek, which is located creased gradient, predominately larger substrate, at nearly 4000’ elevation, is too high for most Pacific and rapid flows encoun- salmon species. Despite its lack of anadromous tered. Approximately length or bull trout spawner escapement, the lower 0.1 miles after entering reach of Winzig does provide some suitable habitat the forested area, the for bull trout rearing and spawning. creek climbs rapidly up Nearly the entire anadromous reach of the creek a series of bedrock (approximately 800’) is low gradient. There are cades and small falls; small quantities of LWD present within this stretch, marking the end of and a beneficial riparian buffer zone of primarily anadromous habitat. A conifers exists along the right bank of the creek. single bull trout redd Even though spawning was documented within this was observed in the Lower Winzig Creek small stretch (depending on mainstem influence); it lower 0.1 miles of the is limited due the lack of quality spawning sub- creek in 2009. For additional information on bull strate created by the alluvial deposits (sand & silt) trout, see the following description section on from Fryingpan Creek. The habitat within this sec- Wright Creek. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 157
- 158. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Winzig Creek Located within Mt. Rainier National Park, Winzig is a small right bank tributary to Fryingpan Creek. One bull trout redd was observed near the mouth of the creek in 2009. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 158
- 159. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED study results showed the cold high mountain WRIGHT streams located within the National Park, including Wright, provide the majority of the critical bull trout spawning habitat in the basin. CREEK 10.0370 Wright Creek enters Fryingpan at approximately RM 1.5; less than a mile upstream of the Sunrise Park Road crossing. Of its 1.7 mile length, Wright Creek provides approximately 0.2 miles of ana- dromous usage. A series of bedrock cascades and falls blocks any further upstream migration. The creek is almost entirely bordered by an old growth coniferous forest and the water is cooled year round by snow and glacial melt water from Sarvant Glaci- er, which is located on the northern slopes of the Cowlitz Chimneys (Sarvant Glacier is named after Henry M. Sarvant, (1869-1940), an engineer and early surveyor of the mountain). Addition flow is contributed by a small nonglacial tributary entering on the left bank at RM 1.4. W The first 0.1 miles of the Wright Creek consists right Creek, located within Mt. Rainier of a narrow, moderate gradient channel flowing National Park, is a small right bank tribu- within the tary to Fryingpan Creek. This small open Frying- mountain stream is surveyed for bull trout from late pan Creek August through the first part of October. The floodplain. mouth of Wright Creek, which is located at nearly Several 4000’ elevation, is too high for most Pacific salmon patches of species. Wright Creek does provide excellent rear- excellent ing and spawning habitat for a host of resident and spawning fluvial bull trout. In 2006 and 2007, Puyallup Tri- gravel are bal Fisheries staff radio tagged bull trout captured available in the USACE fish trap near Buckley. Subsequent- throughout this section of the creek and the majori- ly, a few of these bull trout were tracked from their ty of spawning has occurred within this segment of release site at RM 45 on the White River (near the the creek over the past two years. There is no sig- town of Greenwater) to Fryingpan Creek and nificant LWD or natural cover present in this por- Wright Creek. Spawning was observed in both tion of the channel; however, spawning activity is creeks during September. The telemetry studies often observed within close proximity of the few and redd surveys along the upper White River and pieces of small woody debris present. West Fork Beyond the open floodplain channel, the creek White River; enters the forested slope along Fryingpan (right). focused heavi- The channel assumes a step-pool configuration from ly on the this point on. Throughout this final reach of fish headwaters usage, spawning opportunities are reduced due to located within the increased gradient, predominately larger sub- Mt. Rainier strate, and rapid flows encountered. Although the National majority of this short reach provides excellent rear- Park. The ing habitat, it doesn’t offer much in the way of PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 159
- 160. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED spawning opportunities. Approximately 0.1 miles constructed in the tail-out of pools and along after entering the forested area, the creek climbs nel margins. Embryonic development is slow (de- rapidly up a series of bedrock cascades and small pending on water temperatures); it may take be- falls (lower left); marking the end of anadromous tween 165-235 days for eggs to hatch and for alevin habitat. to absorb their yolk (Pratt 1992). Bull trout fry Resident bull trout reside in smaller headwater emerge in late winter and early spring. Young fry tributaries, while migratory bull trout frequently can often be seen by mid March foraging in the lat- travel long distances; utilizing the mainstem rivers eral habitat along the upper mainstem White River and larger tributaries to forage and overwinter. and associate tributaries. During the fall, migratory forms of bull trout jour- Bull trout habitat throughout the Puyallup and ney from spawning and rearing habitats in the up- White rivers has been severely impacted by over a per watershed to foraging and overwintering habi- century of land and water resource exploitation; in- tats located lower in the river system. Beginning in cluding, damming and substantial water diversions, spring and early summer (May-July), they begin the considerable riparian alterations (deforestation), return journey back to spawning and rearing areas dewatering and low instream flow regimes, as well high in the watershed. In response to changing ha- as significant channel manipulation. These impacts bitat and reproductive needs, migratory bull trout have lead to a marked deterioration in land and hy- in the White River travel up to 75 miles or more be- drological behavior within these river systems by tween the lower river and headwaters located in or causing water flow of poorer quality, quantity and near Mt. Rainier N.P. To accomplish this, bull trout timing. Several limiting factors are involved with require unobstructed migration corridors and con- regards to the healthy function of stream habitat nectivity of streams and rivers in order to provide and bull trout populations in the watershed; includ- them with access to spawning, rearing, foraging, ing lost or diminished habitat connectivity and mi- and overwintering habitats. gration corridors (human-made fish passage bar- Bull trout spawning occurs primarily during the riers), fragmentation and reduction of habitat quali- first three weeks in September, however, spawning ty (entrainment, transportation networks, forest has been observed taking place from the last week management practices and operations, direct water of August through the first week of October. Bull withdrawal); in addition to, water quality, fish en- trout are iteroparous (have the ability to spawn trainment and entrapment, unknown species inte- more than once); therefore, recovering pre-or-post ractions, and potential climate change impacts spawn mortalities for examination is extremely (changes in flow regimes, scour effects, thermal var- rare. Spawners in the upper White River tributa- iations, changes in water chemistry). ries are observed utilizing various sized substrate Bull trout are primarily piscivorous (fish eaters). from small gravels to small cobble. Redds are often However, they are opportunistic feeders, feeding on a variety of prey items depending on their particu- lar life history strategy and stage of development. Adults feed almost exclusively on other fish, includ- ing a range of salmon and trout species; as well as other resident fish species. Juveniles feed on aqua- tic invertebrates, including stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera), and mayflies (Ephemerop- tera). Bull trout require a healthy aquatic environ- ment in order to survive and prosper. They need an environment that provides the prey base; in addi- tion to the rearing and reproductive habitat neces- sary to ensure their continued survival and repro- ductive success. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 160
- 161. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Wright Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Counts and Run Timing 10 LIVE DEAD 9 REDDS 8 7 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9/3/09 9/11/09 9/18/09 9/28/09 10/7/09 10/7/09 DATE SURVEYED Raw spawning data for Wright Creek can be found in Appendix D. Wright Creek Bull Trout Spawning Ground Seasonal Comparisons (2007-2009) 10 LIVE DEAD REDDS 8 7 7 6 NUMBER OBSERVED 6 4 4 3 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 161
- 162. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Seasonal Comparisons of Spawning Ground Counts and Buckley USACE Trap Counts for Salmon and Steelhead. The following charts are separated by species and include both wild and hatchery origin spawning ground escapements. They are a compilation of the yearly survey totals conducted by the Puyallup Tribe Fisheries Department, the Washing- ton Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Army Corps of Engineers’ Buckley trap counts. These data yield an empir- ical representation of total natural/hatchery escapement for the entire WRIA 10: Puyallup/White River Watershed. It’s important to note that the number of live fish observed and represented in the graphs is an accumulation of all fish seen throughout the survey season. The total number of live fish observed does not depict the estimated escapement which is derived through statistical analysis. The live and redds totals in the following graphs do not include the fish or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River, since these actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. APPENDIX A PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 162
- 163. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Watershed Comparisons for Adult and Jack Chinook Salmon (1993-2009) 5,000 4,634 4,565 BUCKLEY COUNTS 4,500 LIVE DEAD 4,000 REDDS 3,500 NUMBER OBSERVED 3,000 2,372 2,079 2,500 2,002 1,965 1,683 1,637 2,000 1,546 1,532 1,528 1,526 1,465 1,433 1,394 1,393 1,292 1,240 1,193 1,151 1,141 1,500 1,060 1,057 1,029 1,013 959 938 932 924 921 869 856 849 849 837 803 761 753 738 733 710 702 698 1,000 643 605 586 577 531 515 502 479 466 424 422 411 409 402 402 392 321 284 251 241 233 500 213 160 105 70 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED The live, dead, and redds totals in this graph do not include the Chinook or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. The breakdown for the Buckley trap counts are listed in the section covering the Buckley USACE fish trap found at the beginning of this report. Watershed Comparisons for Adult Coho Salmon (1993-2009) 25,000 21,591 BUCKLEY COUNTS LIVE 20,000 DEAD 16,748 14,341 13,893 NUMBER OBSERVED 12,620 15,000 9,801 8,420 7,988 10,000 7,482 6,503 6,370 6,371 6,252 6,022 5,005 4,046 2,924 5,000 2,749 2,733 2,662 2,617 2,454 1,902 1,809 1,789 1,782 1,745 1,693 1,475 1,379 1,325 1,283 1,252 1,179 1,065 1,013 976 966 927 661 522 508 444 414 355 297 247 226 221 209 171 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED The live and dead totals in this graph do not include the coho observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 163
- 164. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Watershed Comparisons for Adult Chum Salmon (1993-2009) 25,000 HATCHERY (DIRU CR.) 20,635 19,506 LIVE 18,508 18,006 17,629 20,000 DEAD 14,273 NUMBER OBSERVED 12,679 12,620 12,606 15,000 11,393 11,209 10,217 10,051 9,686 10,000 7,244 7,196 7,190 7,150 7,049 7,037 6,130 6,083 5,472 5,437 5,229 5,116 5,032 4,958 4,652 4,590 4,555 4,441 4,397 3,942 3,761 3,619 3,446 3,320 3,168 5,000 2,701 2,634 2,314 2,290 2,286 2,212 1,685 1,645 1,632 1,598 1,504 1,276 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEASON SURVEYED Steelhead Seasonal Spawning Ground Counts and Buckley USACE Trap Counts (2000-2010) 600 BUCKLEY COUNTS 524 523 LIVE 500 DEAD REDDS 435 400 383 369 367 NUMBER OBSERVED 357 337 303 296 300 265 269 231 218 207 200 183 162 163 165 152 145 137 135 100 81 67 64 45 54 49 43 37 28 8 8 6 15 2 3 3 5 5 1 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 SEASON SURVEYED The live, dead, and redds totals in this graph do not include the steelhead or redds observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escapement totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 164
- 165. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Pink Seasonal Spawning Ground Counts and Buckley USACE Trap Counts (1991-2009) 1,436,630 10,000,000 BUCKLEY COUNTS 613,876 540,590 497,841 LIVE 261,038 172,219 1,000,000 DEAD 127,541 64,347 33,346 29,794 21,716 100,000 19,935 18,810 13,190 11,626 NUMBER OBSERVED 6,622 5,824 3,941 3,769 3,139 2,987 10,000 1,959 1,502 1,000 223 208 100 10 1 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 SEASON SURVEYED The live and dead totals in this graph do not include the pink salmon observed above RM 24.3 on the White River; actual escape- ment totals are known from the USACE Buckley trap counts. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 165
- 166. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SALMON AND STEELHEAD DISTRIBUTION AND SPAWN- ING UTILIZATION The following maps are separated by species; they represent the different distributions and spawning utilization areas within the watershed. The following maps were produced by Marilu Koschak, with the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commissions (NWIFC). APPENDIX B PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 166
- 167. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 167
- 168. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 168
- 169. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 169
- 170. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 170
- 171. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 171
- 172. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009-2010 BULL TROUT AND STEELHEAD REDD LOCATIONS (GPS) APPENDIX C PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 172
- 173. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 173
- 174. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 174
- 175. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 175
- 176. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 176
- 177. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 177
- 178. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Siiillver Spriiings S lv er Spr n gs S ver Spr ngs PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 178
- 179. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 179
- 180. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 180
- 181. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 181
- 182. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 182
- 183. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 183
- 184. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 184
- 185. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 185
- 186. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 186
- 187. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 187
- 188. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009-2010 SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT SPAWNING DA- TA APPENDIX D PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 188
- 189. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 Chinook Spawning Data UPPER STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS BOISE 10.0057 8/18/2009 0 4.5 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 8/28/2009 0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 9/9/2009 0 2.2 28 1 3 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 18 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 9/17/2009 0 2.2 8 3 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 26 32 3 BOISE 10.0057 9/25/2009 0 2.2 8 22 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 6 23 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/2009 0 2.2 2 19 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 3 16 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/16/2009 0 4.5 0 9 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/26/2009 0 4.5 0 0 0 BOISE Total 99 125 7 LIVE DEAD REDDS CANYON 10.XXXX 9/24/2009 1 1.2 0 1 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/2/2009 1 1.2 0 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/13/2009 1 1.2 1 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/22/2009 1 1.2 0 0 0 CANYON Total 1 1 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS CANYON FALLS 10.041 8/20/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 8/31/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 9/10/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 9/24/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 10/2/2009 0.3 0.6 1 1 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 10/14/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYON FALLS 10.041 10/22/2009 0.3 0.6 0 1 0 CANYON FALLS Total 1 2 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS CLARKS 10.0027 8/20/2009 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 8/31/2009 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/10/2009 3.4 3.7 7 0 4 CLARKS 10.0027 9/16/2009 3.4 3.7 60 12 8 CLARKS 10.0027 9/24/2009 3.4 3.7 137 64 17 CLARKS 10.0027 10/2/2009 3.4 3.7 92 131 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/13/2009 3.4 3.7 16 68 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/22/2009 3.4 3.7 5 8 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/30/2009 3.4 3.7 0 2 0 CLARKS Total 317 285 29 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 189
- 190. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED CLEAR 10.0022 8/20/2009 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 8/31/2009 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/10/2009 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/16/2009 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/24/2009 1.7 1.8 0 2 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/2/2009 1.7 1.8 6 0 1 CLEAR 10.0022 10/13/2009 1.7 1.8 0 3 0 CLEAR 10.0022 10/22/2009 1.7 1.8 0 0 0 CLEAR Total 6 5 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS CLEARWATER 10.008 9/1/2009 0 1.6 9 0 7 CLEARWATER 10.008 9/11/2009 0 1.6 29 2 7 CLEARWATER 10.008 9/21/2009 0 3.1 5 5 0 CLEARWATER 10.008 9/30/2009 0 3.1 0 6 0 CLEARWATER 10.008 10/9/2009 0 3.1 3 0 0 CLEARWATER 10.008 10/19/2009 0 3.1 0 2 0 CLEARWATER Total 46 15 14 LIVE DEAD REDDS FENNEL 10.0406 8/20/2009 0 0.5 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 8/31/2009 0 0.8 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/10/2009 0 0.8 16 1 4 FENNEL 10.0406 9/16/2009 0 1.3 15 5 10 FENNEL 10.0406 9/24/2009 0 1.3 26 10 7 FENNEL 10.0406 10/2/2009 0 1.3 6 7 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/14/2009 0 1.3 0 2 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/2009 0 1.3 0 0 0 FENNEL Total 63 25 21 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/2/2009 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/10/2009 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/25/2009 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 HYLEBOS 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 8/21/2009 0 0.5 0 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/1/2009 0 1.5 0 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/11/2009 0 1.5 6 3 1 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/21/2009 0 1.5 3 4 1 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/30/2009 0 1.5 2 4 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/9/2009 0 1.5 0 2 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/19/2009 0 1.5 0 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY Total 11 13 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 190
- 191. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED KAPOWSIN 10.0600 8/18/2009 0 0.4 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 8/28/2009 0 1.6 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/9/2009 0 1.6 1 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/16/2009 0 1.6 1 0 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/24/2009 0 3.2 0 1 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/2/2009 0 3.2 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/13/2009 0 3.2 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN Total 2 1 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS SALMON 10.0035 9/10/2009 0 0.6 4 0 2 SALMON 10.0035 9/16/2009 0 0.6 2 2 0 SALMON 10.0035 9/24/2009 0 0.6 5 3 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/2/2009 0 0.6 8 7 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/13/2009 0 0.6 0 7 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/22/2009 0 0.6 0 0 0 SALMON CREEK Total 19 19 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 9/16/2009 0 0.1 0 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 9/24/2009 0 0.1 0 1 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/2/2009 0 0.1 0 1 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/13/2009 0 0.1 0 0 0 SALMON TRIB. Total 0 2 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/11/2009 0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/21/2009 0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/28/2009 0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/8/2009 0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/14/2009 0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS South Prairie data col- lected by WDFW SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 8/24/2009 0.3 3.8 4 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/4/2009 0.3 12.6 39 1 3 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/10/2009 8 12.6 42 3 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/11/2009 0.3 8 44 3 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/21-22/09 0.3 11 151 37 4 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/28/2009 0.3 12.6 99 87 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/5-6/09 0.3 12.6 29 96 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/19/2009 0.3 12.6 1 36 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/29/2009 0.3 12.6 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE Total 409 263 7 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 191
- 192. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SWAN 10.0003 8/20/2009 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 8/31/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/10/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/16/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/24/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/2/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/13/2009 0.3 1 0 0 0 SWAN Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS WILKESON 10.0432 8/18/2009 0 1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 8/28/2009 0 1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/9/2009 0 2.8 5 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 9/18/2009 0 2.8 5 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/25/2009 0 3.6 4 5 1 WILKESON 10.0432 10/5/2009 0 3.8 1 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/16/2009 0 1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/28/2009 0 1 0 0 0 WILKESON Total 15 5 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 192
- 193. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 BULL TROUT SPAWNING DATA (WHITE RIVER) UPPER STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS R.M. KLICKITAT 10.0357 8/24/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 KLICKITAT 10.0357 9/3/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 KLICKITAT 10.0357 9/11/09 0.0 0.3 7 0 1 KLICKITAT 10.0357 9/18/09 0.0 0.3 18 0 11 KLICKITAT 10.0357 9/28/09 0.0 0.3 5 0 0 KLICKITAT 10.0357 10/7/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 8 KLICKITAT 10.0357 10/14/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 KLICKITAT Total 30 0 20 LIVE DEAD REDDS SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/3/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/11/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/18/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 9/28/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 10/8/09 0.0 0.5 2 0 1 SILVER CREEK 10.0313 10/14/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 0 SILVER CREEK Total 2 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/3/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/11/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/18/09 0.0 0.3 3 0 1 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 9/28/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/8/09 0.0 0.3 1 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0332A 10/14/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS Total 4 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 8/24/09 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 9/3/09 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 9/11/09 0.0 0.7 0 0 2 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 9/18/09 0.0 0.7 2 0 7 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 9/28/09 0.0 0.7 2 0 5 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 10/7/09 0.0 0.7 0 0 1 NO NAME CREEK 10.0364 10/14/09 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 NO-NAME CREEK Total 4 0 15 LIVE DEAD REDDS FRYINGPAN 10.0369 8/24/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/3/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/11/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/18/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 9/28/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN 10.0369 10/7/09 0.0 1.7 0 0 0 FRYINGPAN CREEK Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 193
- 194. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 8/24/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 9/3/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 9/11/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 9/18/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 9/28/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 WINZIG CREEK Fryingpan Trib. 10/7/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 1 WINZIG CREEK Total 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 8/24/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/3/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/11/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/18/09 0.0 0.2 5 0 2 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 9/28/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 1 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 10/7/09 0.0 0.2 2 0 1 WRIGHT CREEK 10.0370 10/7/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 0 WRIGHT CREEK Total 7 0 4 LIVE DEAD REDDS ANTLER CREEK 10.0352 9/3/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK 10.0352 9/11/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK 10.0352 9/18/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK 10.0352 9/28/09 0.0 0.1 2 0 2 ANTLER CREEK 10.0352 10/8/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 ANTLER CREEK Total 2 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 8/24/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 9/3/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 9/11/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 9/18/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 9/28/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK UNIDENTIFIED 10/7/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 PARALLEL CREEK Total 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS DISCOVERY UNIDENTIFIED 8/24/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 DISCOVERY UNIDENTIFIED 9/3/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 DISCOVERY UNIDENTIFIED 9/28/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 1 DISCOVERY UNIDENTIFIED 10/7/09 0.0 0.6 0 0 0 DISCOVERY Total 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 9/3/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 9/11/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 9/28/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 2 SUNRISE CREEK 10.0337 10/8/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 SUNRISE CREEK Total 0 0 2 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 194
- 195. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SHAW CREEK 10.0365 8/24/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 SHAW CREEK 10.0365 9/3/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 SHAW CREEK 10.0365 9/11/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 SHAW CREEK 10.0365 9/18/09 0.0 1.1 1 0 1 SHAW CREEK 10.0365 9/28/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 2 SHAW CREEK 10.0365 10/7/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 0 SHAW CREEK Total 1 0 3 LIVE DEAD REDDS LIVE DEAD REDDS Total: 50 0 50 (UNIDENTIFIED): These tributaries are not identified on hydrology and/or officially named. PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 195
- 196. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 PINK SPAWNING DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. UPPER R.M. LIVE DEAD BOISE 10.0057 8/18/09 0.0 2.2 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 8/28/09 0.0 2.2 179 0 BOISE 10.0057 9/9/09 0.0 4.5 10,991 111 BOISE 10.0057 9/17/09 0.0 2.2 34,300 1,680 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 19,377 1,322 BOISE 10.0057 9/25/09 0.0 2.2 74,047 9,620 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 19,900 9,800 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/09 0.0 2.2 17,779 3,988 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 20,850 4,770 BOISE 10.0057 10/16/09 0.0 2.2 15,400 24,150 BOISE 10.0057 0.0 4.5 5,269 1,500 BOISE 10.0057 10/28/09 0.0 4.5 2,444 1,863 BOISE 10.0057 11/6/09 0.0 4.5 920 1,254 BOISE 10.0057 11/16/09 0.0 4.5 0 0 BOISE TOTAL: 221,456 60,058 LIVE DEAD CANYON 10.XXXX 8/31/09 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 9/10/09 1.0 1.2 2 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 9/16/09 1.0 1.2 4 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 9/24/09 1.0 1.2 13 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/2/09 1.0 1.2 10 8 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/13/09 1.0 1.2 0 1 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/22/09 1.0 1.2 1 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 10/30/09 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON TOTAL: 29 8 LIVE DEAD CANYONFALLS 10.0410 8/31/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/10/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/16/09 0.3 0.6 7 7 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/24/09 0.3 0.6 55 13 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/2/09 0.3 0.6 33 9 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/14/09 0.3 0.6 28 18 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/09 0.3 0.6 90 13 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/09 0.3 0.6 19 5 CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 232 65 LIVE DEAD CLARKS 10.0027 8/31/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/10/09 3.4 3.7 24 0 CLARKS 10.0027 9/16/09 3.4 3.7 247 15 CLARKS 10.0027 9/24/09 3.4 3.7 380 56 CLARKS 10.0027 10/2/09 3.4 3.7 515 109 CLARKS 10.0027 10/13/09 3.4 3.7 131 39 CLARKS 10.0027 10/22/09 3.4 3.7 361 73 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 196
- 197. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED CLARKS 10.0027 10/30/09 3.4 3.7 4 15 CLARKS 10.0027 11/9/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS TOTAL: 1,662 307 LIVE DEAD CLEAR 10.0022 8/31/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/10/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/16/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 9/24/09 1.7 1.9 32 9 CLEAR 10.0022 10/2/09 1.7 1.9 24 12 CLEAR 10.0022 10/13/09 1.7 1.9 13 9 CLEAR 10.0022 10/22/09 1.7 1.9 0 1 CLEAR 10.0022 10/30/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR TOTAL: 69 31 LIVE DEAD CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/1/09 0.0 1.1 12 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/11/09 0.0 1.1 2,766 33 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/21/09 0.0 3.1 7,488 298 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/30/09 0.0 3.1 12,276 3,856 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/9/09 0.0 3.1 17,935 2,780 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/19/09 0.0 3.1 7,150 11,230 CLEARWATER TOTAL: 47,627 18,197 LIVE DEAD FENNEL 10.0406 8/31/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 9/10/09 0.0 0.5 68 5 FENNEL 10.0406 9/16/09 0.0 1.5 663 80 FENNEL 10.0406 9/24/09 0.0 1.5 2,934 273 FENNEL 10.0406 10/2/09 0.0 1.5 4,385 1,717 FENNEL 10.0406 10/14/09 0.0 1.5 4,508 740 FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/09 0.0 1.5 2,370 752 FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/09 0.0 1.5 702 218 FENNEL TOTAL: 15,630 3,785 LIVE DEAD FOX 10.0608 9/21/09 0.0 1.0 44 2 FOX 10.0608 10/2/09 0.0 1.0 62 86 FOX 10.0608 10/13/09 0.0 1.0 0 23 FOX 10.0608 10/22/09 0.0 1.0 9 0 FOX 10.0608 10/30/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 FOX TOTAL: 115 111 LIVE DEAD HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/1/09 0.0 0.5 17 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/11/09 0.0 0.5 2,438 3 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/21/09 0.0 1.5 4,553 202 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/30/09 0.0 1.5 4,616 1,285 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 197
- 198. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/9/09 0.5 1.5 1,040 302 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/19/09 0.5 1.5 132 27 HUCKLEBERRY TOTAL: 12,796 1,819 LIVE DEAD HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/2/09 0.1 0.3 0 0 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/10/09 0.1 0.3 0 0 HYLEBOS 10.0006 9/25/09 0.1 0.3 0 0 HYLEBOS TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD KAPOWSIN 10.0600 8/28/09 0.0 1.6 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/9/09 0.0 1.6 17 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/16/09 0.0 1.6 262 10 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 9/24/09 0.0 3.6 1,006 124 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/2/09 0.0 3.6 1,601 447 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/13/09 0.0 3.6 390 396 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/09 0.0 3.6 85 89 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/2/09 0.0 3.6 0 0 KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 3,361 1,066 LIVE DEAD SALMON 10.0035 9/10/09 0.0 0.5 2 0 SALMON 10.0035 9/16/09 0.0 0.5 277 34 SALMON 10.0035 9/24/09 0.0 0.5 821 48 SALMON 10.0035 10/2/09 0.0 0.5 1,207 229 SALMON 10.0035 10/13/09 0.0 0.5 1,033 101 SALMON 10.0035 10/22/09 0.0 0.5 840 126 SALMON 10.0035 10/30/09 0.0 0.5 162 22 SALMON 10.0035 11/9/09 0.0 0.5 14 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/18/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON TOTAL: 4,356 560 LIVE DEAD SALMON TRIB 10.0036 9/10/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 9/16/09 0.0 0.1 4 2 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 9/24/09 0.0 0.1 221 59 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 10/2/09 0.0 0.1 621 243 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 10/13/09 0.0 0.1 530 85 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 10/22/09 0.0 0.1 365 107 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 10/30/09 0.0 0.1 152 0 SALMON TRIB 10.0036 11/9/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB TOTAL: 1,893 496 LIVE DEAD SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/11/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/18/09 0.0 0.3 17 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 9/28/09 0.0 0.3 42 3 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 198
- 199. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/8/09 0.0 0.3 23 10 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/14/09 0.0 0.3 3 3 SILVER SPRINGS TOTAL: 85 16 LIVE DEAD Data collected by WDFW SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 8/24/09 0.3 3.8 22,500 9 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 9/4/09 0.3 12.6 76,123 50 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 9/10/09 8.0 12.6 66,570 62 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 9/11/09 0.3 8.0 188,150 201 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 9/21-22/09 0.3 11.0 258,876 6,227 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 9/28/09 0.3 12.6 222,485 23,777 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 10/5-6/09 0.3 12.6 158,770 58,945 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 10/19/09 0.3 12.6 99,795 2,500 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 10/29/09 0.3 12.6 22,472 0 SOUTH PRAIRE 10.0429 11/30/09 0.0 8.0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRE TOTAL: 1,115,741 91,771 LIVE DEAD SWAN 10.0003 9/10/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/16/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 9/24/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/2/09 0.3 1.0 73 6 SWAN 10.0003 10/13/09 0.3 1.0 12 20 SWAN 10.0003 10/22/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 10/30/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN TOTAL: 85 26 LIVE DEAD WILKESON 10.0432 8/28/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 9/9/09 0.0 1.0 2,767 2 WILKESON 10.0432 9/18/09 0.0 5.2 8,866 67 WILKESON 10.0432 9/25/09 0.0 5.8 11,023 747 WILKESON 10.0432 10/5/09 0.0 5.8 20,905 3,865 WILKESON 10.0432 10/16/09 0.0 5.8 21,903 7,919 WILKESON 10.0432 10/28/09 0.0 5.8 5,822 1,233 WILKESON 10.0432 11/6/09 0.0 5.8 715 102 WILKESON 10.0432 11/23/09 0.0 4.1 0 0 WILKESON TOTAL: 72,001 13,935 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 199
- 200. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009 COHO SALMON SPAWNING DATA UPPER STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. LIVE DEAD R.M. BOISE 10.0057 9/17/09 0.0 4.5 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 9/25/09 0.0 4.5 2 0 BOISE 10.0057 10/5/09 0.0 4.5 5 4 BOISE 10.0057 10/16/09 0.0 4.5 60 8 BOISE 10.0057 10/29/09 0.0 4.5 93 8 BOISE 10.0057 11/6/09 0.0 4.5 259 31 BOISE 10.0057 11/16/09 0.0 4.5 151 25 BOISE 10.0057 11/30/09 0.0 4.5 19 2 BOISE 10.0057 12/10/09 0.0 4.5 0 3 BOISE TOTAL: 589 81 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW CANYONFALLS 10.0410 9/16/09 0.3 0.6 0 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/2/09 0.3 0.6 0 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/22/09 0.3 0.6 9 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 10/30/09 0.3 0.6 27 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/10/09 0.3 0.6 8 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/18/09 0.3 0.6 4 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/22/09 0.3 0.6 3 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/30/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 51 4 LIVE DEAD CLARKS 10.0027 10/22/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 10/30/09 3.4 3.7 5 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/9/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/18/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/30/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 12/10/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS TOTAL: 5 0 LIVE DEAD CLEAR 10.0022 11/9/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/18/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/30/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 12/10/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 12/18/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 12/29/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/11/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 9/30/09 0.0 3.1 4 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/9/09 0.0 3.8 10 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 10/19/09 0.0 3.8 182 0 CLEARWATER TOTAL: 196 0 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 200
- 201. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Surveys conducted by WDFW COAL MINE 10.0432A 10/20/09 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/2/09 0.0 0.4 19 2 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/10/09 0.0 0.4 24 2 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/17/09 0.0 0.4 14 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/24/09 0.0 0.4 5 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 11/30/09 0.0 0.4 0 1 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/8/09 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/15/09 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/23/09 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 12/29/09 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/5/10 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/13/10 0.0 0.4 3 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/20/10 0.0 0.4 2 0 COAL MINE 10.0432A 1/29/10 0.0 0.4 0 0 COAL MINE TOTAL: 67 5 LIVE DEAD DEER (Adult plants) 10.0865 11/10/09 ADULT FISH PLANT 600 DEER TOTAL: 600 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 9/24/09 0.0 1.9 0 1 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 10/22/09 0.0 1.9 9 1 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 11/10/09 0.0 1.9 30 4 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 11/22/09 0.0 1.9 5 1 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 11/30/09 0.0 1.9 1 4 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 12/8/09 0.0 1.9 1 3 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 12/18/09 0.0 1.9 0 0 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 12/29/09 0.0 1.9 0 0 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 1/5/10 0.0 1.1 0 0 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 1/8/10 0.0 1.1 0 0 FENNEL CREEK 10.0406 1/13/10 0.1 1.9 0 0 FENNEL CREEK TOTAL: 46 14 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW FISKE 10.0596 10/20/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 FISKE 10.0596 11/2/09 0.0 0.3 4 7 FISKE 10.0596 11/10/09 0.0 0.3 50 1 FISKE 10.0596 11/17/09 0.0 0.3 20 0 FISKE 10.0596 11/22/09 0.0 0.3 12 2 FISKE 10.0596 11/30/09 0.0 0.3 1 1 FISKE 10.0596 12/8/09 0.0 0.3 0 1 FISKE 10.0596 12/18/09 0.0 0.3 0 4 FISKE CREEK TOTAL: 87 16 LIVE DEAD FOX 10.0608 10/13/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 10/22/09 0.0 1.0 13 0 FOX 10.0608 10/30/09 0.0 1.0 72 0 FOX 10.0608 11/9/09 0.0 1.0 84 4 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 201
- 202. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED FOX 10.0608 11/23/09 0.0 1.0 53 2 FOX 10.0608 12/3/09 0.0 1.0 15 1 FOX 10.0608 12/10/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 FOX TOTAL: 237 7 LIVE DEAD HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/21/09 0.0 1.1 0 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 9/30/09 0.0 1.1 39 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/9/09 0.0 1.1 31 0 HUCKLEBERRY 10.0253 10/19/09 0.0 1.1 98 2 HUCKLEBERRY TOTAL: 168 2 LIVE DEAD KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/2/09 0.0 1.6 0 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/13/09 0.0 3.2 4 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 10/23/09 0.0 3.2 217 6 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/2/09 0.0 3.2 313 6 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 11/11/09 0.0 3.2 108 21 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 12/4/09 0.0 3.2 0 0 KAPOWSIN TOTAL: 642 34 LIVE DEAD LE DOUT 10.0620 11/3/09 0.0 0.4 10 0 LE DOUT 10.0620 11/12/09 0.0 0.4 11 0 LE DOUT TOTAL: 21 0 LIVE DEAD NIESSON 10.0622 11/3/09 0.0 2.0 21 0 NIESSON 10.0622 11/12/09 0.0 2.0 13 0 NIESSON TOTAL: 34 0 LIVE DEAD OHOP 10.0600 11/11/09 6.5 7.5 237 5 OHOP 10.0600 11/30/09 6.5 7.5 64 36 OHOP 10.0600 12/10/09 6.5 7.5 3 5 OHOP 10.0600 12/18/09 6.5 7.5 0 0 OHOP TOTAL: 304 46 LIVE DEAD RODY 10.0028 11/9/09 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 11/18/09 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 11/30/09 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/10/09 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/29/09 0.4 0.5 0 0 RODY TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 202
- 203. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED RUSHINGWATER 10.0625 11/5/09 0.0 1.0 4 0 RUSHINGWATER TOTAL: 4 0 LIVE DEAD SALMON 10.0035 9/16/09 0.0 0.5 0 2 SALMON 10.0035 9/24/09 0.0 0.5 2 3 SALMON 10.0035 10/22/09 0.0 0.5 1 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/30/09 0.0 0.5 6 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/9/09 0.0 0.5 2 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/18/09 0.0 0.5 1 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/30/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 12/10/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON TOTAL: 12 5 LIVE DEAD SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036 10/30/09 0.0 0.1 0 1 SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036 11/9/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036 11/18/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036 11/30/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIBUTARY 10.0036 12/10/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB TOTAL: 0 1 LIVE DEAD SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/8/09 0.0 0.3 0 0 SILVER SPRINGS 10.0032A 10/14/09 0.0 0.3 18 0 SILVER SPRINGS TOTAL: 18 0 LIVE DEAD SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/10/09 8.0 12.6 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/11/09 0.3 8.0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/21-22/09 0.3 11.0 8 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 9/28/09 0.3 12.6 28 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/5-6/09 0.3 12.6 21 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/19/09 0.3 12.6 333 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 10/29/09 0.3 12.6 62 2 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/1/09 0.0 8.0 8 2 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/16/09 0.0 8.0 25 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/29/09 0.0 8.0 50 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 452 6 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 10/20/09 0.0 0.2 3 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 11/2/09 0.0 0.2 8 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 11/10/09 0.0 0.2 15 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 11/18/09 0.0 0.2 16 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 11/22/09 0.0 0.2 9 1 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 11/30/09 0.0 0.2 4 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 12/8/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 12/15/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 203
- 204. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 12/23/09 0.0 0.2 3 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 12/29/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 1/5/10 0.0 0.2 8 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 1/13/10 0.0 0.2 13 1 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 1/20/10 0.0 0.2 4 0 SPIKETON CREEK 10.0453 1/29/10 0.0 0.2 0 0 SPIKETON TOTAL: 83 2 LIVE DEAD SPRING CREEK 10.0430 12/1/09 0.0 0.0 0 0 SPRING CREEK TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD SWAN 10.0003 11/9/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/18/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/30/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 12/10/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 12/29/09 0.3 1.0 0 0 SWAN TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD SQUALLY 10.0024 11/9/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/18/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 11/30/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/10/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/29/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD WILKESON 10.0432 10/5/09 0.0 5.8 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/16/09 0.0 5.8 3 0 WILKESON 10.0432 10/29/09 0.0 5.8 38 0 WILKESON 10.0432 11/6/09 0.0 5.8 68 3 WILKESON 10.0432 11/16/09 0.0 5.8 6 1 WILKESON 10.0432 11/23/09 0.0 5.8 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 12/3/09 0.0 5.8 0 0 WILKESON TOTAL: 115 5 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 204
- 205. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009/2010 CHUM SPAWNING DATA STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER RM UPPER RM LIVE DEAD BOISE 10.0057 11/6/09 0.0 4.5 1 0 BOISE 10.0057 11/16/09 0.0 4.5 5 0 BOISE 10.0057 11/30/09 0.0 2.2 1 0 BOISE 10.0057 12/10/09 0.0 4.5 0 0 BOISE TOTAL: 7 0 LIVE DEAD CANYON 10.XXXX 11/18/09 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 11/30/09 1.0 1.2 8 0 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/10/09 1.0 1.2 15 17 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/18/09 1.0 1.2 70 9 CANYON 10.XXXX 12/28/09 1.0 1.2 36 72 CANYON 10.XXXX 1/7/10 1.0 1.2 25 32 CANYON 10.XXXX 1/15/10 1.0 1.2 12 14 CANYON 10.XXXX 1/25/10 1.0 1.2 0 0 CANYON TOTAL: 166 144 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/18/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/22/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 11/30/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/8/09 0.3 0.6 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/18/09 0.3 0.6 39 1 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/23/09 0.3 0.6 68 27 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 12/29/09 0.3 0.6 23 49 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/5/10 0.3 0.6 39 60 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/13/10 0.3 0.6 19 95 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 1/20/10 0.3 0.6 1 39 CANYONFALLS TOTAL: 189 271 LIVE DEAD CARBON 10.0413 12/1/09 0.0 6.0 10 1 CARBON 10.0413 12/15/09 0.0 6.0 30 27 CARBON TOTAL: 40 28 LIVE DEAD CLARKS 10.0027 11/18/09 3.4 3.7 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 11/30/09 3.4 3.7 22 22 CLARKS 10.0027 12/10/09 3.4 3.7 29 31 CLARKS 10.0027 12/18/09 3.4 3.7 65 39 CLARKS 10.0027 12/28/09 3.4 3.7 20 61 CLARKS 10.0027 1/6/10 3.4 3.7 50 71 CLARKS 10.0027 1/15/10 3.4 3.7 8 38 CLARKS 10.0027 1/25/10 3.4 3.7 2 1 CLARKS TOTAL: 196 263 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 205
- 206. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED CLEAR 10.0022 11/18/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 11/30/09 1.7 1.9 12 0 CLEAR 10.0022 12/10/09 1.7 1.9 4 2 CLEAR 10.0022 12/18/09 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 12/28/09 1.7 1.9 1 2 CLEAR 10.0022 1/7/10 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 1/15/10 1.7 1.9 0 0 CLEAR TOTAL: 17 4 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW FENNEL 10.0406 10/22/09 0.0 1.1 3 0 FENNEL 10.0406 10/30/09 0.0 1.1 2 0 FENNEL 10.0406 11/10/09 0.0 1.1 21 3 FENNEL 10.0406 11/22/09 0.0 1.1 100 11 FENNEL 10.0406 11/30/09 0.0 1.1 215 40 FENNEL 10.0406 12/8/09 0.0 1.1 42 55 FENNEL 10.0406 12/18/09 0.0 1.1 80 51 FENNEL 10.0406 12/29/09 0.0 1.1 25 86 FENNEL 10.0406 1/13/10 0.0 1.1 2 16 FENNEL TOTAL: 490 262 LIVE DEAD Surveys conducted by WDFW FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 11/10/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 11/22/09 0.0 0.1 0 1 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 11/30/09 0.0 0.1 2 1 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 12/8/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 12/18/09 0.0 0.1 37 18 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 12/29/09 0.0 0.1 8 37 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 1/5/10 0.0 0.1 4 61 FENNEL TRIB 10.0406A 1/13/10 0.0 0.1 0 0 FENNEL TOTAL: 51 118 LIVE DEAD HYLEBOS 10.0006 0.1 0.7 HYLEBOS 10.0006 0.1 0.7 HYLEBOS TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD RODY 10.0028 11/30/09 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/10/09 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/18/09 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY 10.0028 12/28/09 0.4 0.6 0 1 RODY 10.0028 1/7/10 0.4 0.6 1 3 RODY 10.0028 1/15/10 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY 10.0028 1/25/10 0.4 0.6 0 0 RODY TOTAL: 1 4 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 206
- 207. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SALMON 10.0035 10/22/09 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON 10.0035 10/30/09 0.0 0.5 3 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/9/09 0.0 0.5 2 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/18/09 0.0 0.5 1 0 SALMON 10.0035 11/30/09 0.0 0.5 1 2 SALMON 10.0035 12/10/09 0.0 0.5 1 5 SALMON 10.0035 12/18/09 0.0 0.5 2 10 SALMON 10.0035 12/29/09 0.0 0.5 2 3 SALMON 10.0035 1/6/10 0.0 0.5 1 11 SALMON 10.0035 1/15/10 0.0 0.5 1 1 SALMON 10.0035 1/25/10 0.0 0.5 0 0 SALMON TOTAL: 14 32 LIVE DEAD SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/22/09 0.0 0.1 0 0 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 10/30/09 0.0 0.1 0 1 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/9/09 0.0 0.1 1 3 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/18/09 0.0 0.1 0 1 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 11/30/09 0.0 0.1 0 6 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/10/09 0.0 0.1 1 17 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/18/09 0.0 0.1 0 23 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 12/29/09 0.0 0.1 4 52 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/6/10 0.0 0.1 0 31 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/15/10 0.0 0.1 2 9 SALMON TRIB. 10.0036 1/25/10 0.0 0.1 0 1 SALMON TRIB. TOTAL: 8 144 LIVE DEAD SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/1/09 0.0 8.0 139 18 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/15/09 0.0 8.0 86 28 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 12/28/09 0.0 8.0 19 5 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 1/7/10 6.4 10.0 0 1 SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL: 244 52 LIVE DEAD SPRING CREEK 10.0453 12/1/09 0.0 0.1 2 0 SPRING CREEK 10.0453 12/29/09 0.0 0.1 2 1 SPRING CREEK 10.0453 SPRING CREEK TOTAL: 4 1 LIVE DEAD SQUALLY 10.0024 11/30/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/10/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/18/09 0.0 0.2 7 1 SQUALLY 10.0024 12/28/09 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY 10.0024 1/7/10 0.0 0.2 26 72 SQUALLY 10.0024 1/15/10 0.0 0.2 0 16 SQUALLY 10.0024 1/25/10 0.0 0.2 0 0 SQUALLY TOTAL: 33 89 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 207
- 208. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED SWAN 10.0003 11/18/09 0.3 1.3 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 11/30/09 0.3 1.3 46 6 SWAN 10.0003 12/10/09 0.3 1.3 3 17 SWAN 10.0003 12/18/09 0.3 1.3 63 11 SWAN 10.0003 12/28/09 0.3 1.3 17 57 SWAN 10.0003 1/7/10 0.3 1.3 5 0 SWAN 10.0003 1/15/10 0.3 1.3 0 0 SWAN TOTAL: 134 91 LIVE DEAD WHITE RIVER 10.0031 11/30/09 7.5 15.5 0 0 WHITE RIVER 10.0031 12/17/09 7.5 15.5 0 0 WILKESON TOTAL: 0 0 LIVE DEAD WILKESON 10.0432 11/23/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 12/3/09 0.0 1.0 2 1 WILKESON 10.0432 12/11/09 0.0 1.0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 12/29/09 0.0 1.0 2 0 WILKESON TOTAL: 4 1 LIVE DEAD PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 208
- 209. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2010 STEELHEAD SURVEY DATA UPPER STREAM WRIA DATE LOWER R.M. R.M. LIVE DEAD REDDS BOISE 10.0057 3/15/10 0.0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 3 BOISE 10.0057 3/24/10 0.0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 4 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 4/1/10 0.0 2.2 0 0 0 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 1 BOISE 10.0057 4/12/10 0.0 2.2 2 0 7 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 8 BOISE 10.0057 4/23/10 0.0 2.2 13 0 8 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 8 0 10 BOISE 10.0057 5/11/10 0.0 2.2 12 0 11 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 1 1 0 BOISE 10.0057 5/21/10 0.0 2.2 2 0 2 BOISE 10.0057 2.2 4.5 0 0 1 BOISE TOTAL 42 1 52 LIVE DEAD REDDS CANYONFALLS 10.0410 3/16/10 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/13/10 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 4/26/10 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS 10.0410 5/11/10 0.3 0.6 0 0 0 CANYONFALLS TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS CARBON 10.0413 3/17/10 6.0 11.5 0 0 2 CARBON 10.0413 3/25/10 6.0 10.5 0 0 1 CARBON 10.0413 4/13/10 0 6 0 0 1 CARBON 10.0413 4/14/10 6.0 10.5 0 0 0 CARBON 10.0413 4/24/10 0 6 0 0 1 CARBON 10.0413 4/27/10 6.0 10.5 0 0 4 CARBON 10.0413 5/13/10 0 15 0 0 2 CARBON TOTAL 0 0 11 LIVE DEAD REDDS CLARKS 10.0027 3/23/10 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 4/26/10 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS 10.0027 5/6/10 3.4 3.7 0 0 0 CLARKS TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS CLEAR 10.0022 3/23/10 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 4/26/10 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR 10.0022 5/6/10 1.7 1.9 0 0 0 CLEAR TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 209
- 210. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Surveys conducted by WDFW CLEARWATER 10.0080 3/30/10 0 3.7 1 0 0 CLEARWATER 10.0080 4/26/10 0 3.7 0 0 4 CLEARWATER 10.0080 5/14/10 0 3.7 0 0 12 CLEARWATER 10.0080 6/2/10 3 3.01 0 0 0 CLEARWATER TOTAL 1 0 16 LIVE DEAD REDDS FENNEL 10.0406 3/16/10 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 4/13/10 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 4/26/10 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL 10.0406 5/11/10 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 FENNEL TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS FOX 10.0608 3/23/10 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 4/13/10 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 FOX 10.0608 5/13/10 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 FOX TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS KAPOWSIN 10.0600 3/17/10 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 3/26/10 0.0 3.2 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 4/13/10 0.0 3.2 1 0 2 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 4/26/10 0.0 3.2 0 0 1 KAPOWSIN 10.0600 5/11/10 0.0 3.2 0 0 0 KAPOWSIN TOTAL 1 0 3 LIVE DEAD REDDS KELLOG 10.0621 3/18/10 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 KELLOG 10.0621 4/6/10 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 KELLOG 10.0621 4/20/10 0.0 2.0 1 0 1 KELLOG 10.0621 5/12/10 0.0 2.0 0 0 0 KELLOG TOTAL 1 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS LEDOUT 10.0620 3/18/10 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 LEDOUT 10.0620 4/6/10 0.0 0.3 0 0 1 LEDOUT 10.0620 4/20/10 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 LEDOUT 10.0620 5/12/10 0.0 0.3 0 0 0 LEDOUT TOTAL 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS NIESSON 10.0622 3/18/10 0.0 2.8 0 0 0 NIESSON 10.0622 4/6/10 0.0 2.5 0 0 11 NIESSON 10.0622 4/20/10 0.0 2.5 0 0 11 NIESSON 10.0622 5/12/10 0.0 2.5 1 0 8 NIESSON TOTAL 1 0 30 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 210
- 211. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED LOWER PUYALLUP PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/15/10 15 26.2 0 0 0 PUYALLUP 10.0021 5/13/10 10 26.2 0 0 6 L. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 6 LIVE DEAD REDDS UPPER PUYALLUP PUYALLUP 10.0021 3/18/10 36 41.7 0 0 0 PUYALLUP 10.0021 4/6/10 36 41.7 0 0 1 PUYALLUP 10.0021 5/13/10 36 41.7 0 0 0 U. PUYALLUP TOTAL 0 0 1 LIVE DEAD REDDS Surveys conducted by WDFW SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/10/10 8.0 12.6 0 0 4 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/12/10 0.3 8.0 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/19/10 3.8 12.6 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/23/10 0.3 3.8 0 0 3 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/26/10 8.0 11.4 1 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 3/29/10 3.79 3.8 0 0 0 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/1/10 0.3 8 0 0 12 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/8/10 8 12.6 0 0 5 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/9/10 0.3 8 0 0 13 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/15/10 8 12.6 5 0 15 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/19/10 0.3 8 1 0 13 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/27/10 8 12.6 1 0 12 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/28/10 0.3 8 0 0 8 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/10/10 8 12.6 1 0 12 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/11/10 0.3 8 1 0 16 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/17/10 8 10.2 5 0 16 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/18/10 0.3 8 2 0 15 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 4/24-26/10 3.8 12.6 0 0 10 SOUTH PRAIRIE 10.0429 5/2-24/10 0.3 12.6 0 0 3 SOUTH PRAIRIE TOTAL 17 0 157 LIVE DEAD REDDS SWAN 10.0003 3/23/10 0.0 0.7 0 0 0 SWAN 10.0003 4/26/10 0.0 1.0 0 0 0 SWAN TOTAL 0 0 0 LIVE DEAD REDDS VOIGHTS 10.0414 3/17/10 0.5 3.4 0 0 3 VOIGHTS 10.0414 4/1/10 0.5 3.4 0 0 1 VOIGHTS 10.0414 4/14/10 0.5 3.4 0 0 2 VOIGHTS 10.0414 4/26/10 0.5 3.4 0 0 1 VOIGHTS 10.0414 5/13/10 0.5 3.4 0 0 0 VOIGHTS TOTAL 0 0 7 LIVE DEAD REDDS WHITE RIVER 10.0031 3/16/10 7.0 24.3 0 0 1 WHITE RIVER 10.0031 4/7/10 7.0 24.3 0 0 4 WHITE RIVER 10.0031 4/30/10 7.0 24.3 0 0 3 WHITE RIVER 10.0031 5/13/10 7.0 24.3 0 0 6 WHITE RIVER TOTAL 0 0 14 LIVE DEAD REDDS PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 211
- 212. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED Surveys conducted by WDFW WILKESON 10.0432 3/10/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 2 WILKESON 10.0432 3/18/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 3/26/10 3.0 6.1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 4/8-9/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 4/15/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 4/21/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 0 WILKESON 10.0432 4/27/10 0.0 6.1 2 0 2 WILKESON 10.0432 5/10/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 5 WILKESON 10.0432 5/17-19/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 5/24-26/10 0.0 6.1 0 0 1 WILKESON 10.0432 6/2/10 3 3.01 0 0 0 WILKESON TOTAL 2 0 13 Helicopter Flight LIVE DEAD REDDS Redd totals do not include redds observed above RM 24.3 (Buckley) on the White River PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 212
- 213. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2009-2010 ADULT AND JUVENILE FISH PLANTS AND RELEASES APPENDIX E PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 213
- 214. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED ADULT CHINOOK Date Location WRIA River Mile Males Females Jacks 25-Sep-09 North Fork Puyallup 10.0699 0.2 136 99 01-Oct-09 Puyallup River 10.0021 26.5 306 206 1 05-Oct-09 South Prairie Creek 10.0429 8 137 92 Total: 579 397 1 SPECIES Chum (Smolts) Biomass DATE (F) Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (Lb) 21-Feb-09 Puget Creek 12.0002A 30,000 1399.0 0.32 35.54 21.4 25-Mar-10 25-Mar-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 378,538 360.8 1.26 54.79 1,049.2 25-Mar-10 25-Mar-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 127,500 402.6 1.13 53.08 316.7 16-Apr-10 16-Apr-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 382,300 326.8 1.39 56.50 1,169.8 23-Apr-10 23-Apr-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 104,900 360.0 1.26 54.50 291.4 7-May-10 7-May-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 380,300 340.6 1.33 55.26 1,116.4 14-May-10 14-May-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 127,480 299.0 1.52 56.52 426.4 18-May-10 18-May-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 127,500 268.9 1.69 57.93 474.2 24-May-10 24-May-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 226,100 374.0 1.21 52.66 604.5 6-Jun-10 6-Jun-10 Diru Creek 10.0029 20,000 337.8 1.34 55.36 59.2 6-Jun-10 6-Jun-10 Hylebos Creek 10.0015 18,562 337.8 1.34 55.36 55.0 Total: 1,923,180 5,584.1 SPECIES Fall Chinook (Juvenile) Biomass DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (Lb) 18-May-10 18-May-10 Rushingwater 10.0625 200,000 66.4 6.83 84.87 3,012 20-May-10 20-May-10 Clarks Creek 10.0027 499,000 59.3 7.65 90.82 8,415 20-May-10 20-May-10 Clarks Creek 10.0027 491,000 60.8 7.46 90.72 8,076 Total: 1,190,000 19,502.5 SPECIES Spring Chinook (Juvenile) Biomass DATE (V) DATE Stream WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (Lb) Huckleberry 21-May-10 21-May-10 Pond 10.0253 H02 505,000 99.0 4.54 73.86 5,101 Greenwater 21-May-10 Pond 10.0122 R01 389,000 92.1 4.92 77.04 4,224 Total: 894,000 9,324.7 SPECIES Steelhead (Pre-smolts) Biomass DATE (V) DATE STREAM WRIA Number of Fish Fish/Lb Weight (g) Length (mm) (Lb) 5-May-10 White River 10.0031 26,310 8.54 55.4 175 3,080.8 (V) Volitional release (F) Forced release PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 214
- 215. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2007-2010 BULL TROUT CAPTURED IN USACE FISH TRAP, BUCKLEY, WHITE RIV- ER APPENDIX F PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 215
- 216. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED 2007 Buckley Trap Bull Trout Date Captured Fork Length (mm)/ Weight (g) Sex Recapture Original Date(s) Captured February 5, 2007 399mm No May 9, 2007 381 mm No May 11, 2007 432 mm No May 14, 2007 475 mm No May 23, 2007 445 mm/1067g No June 1, 2007 460 mm/ 1096g M No June 13, 2007 564mm/1918g M Yes 27-Jun-06 June 13, 2007 485 mm/ 1325g F No June 15, 2007 434 mm/ 941g F No June 15, 2007 440 mm/ 975g F No June 15, 2007 307 mm/ 317g M No June 20, 2007 485/ 1408g M No June 21, 2007 455mm/ 1150g M No June 21, 2007 505mm/ 1533g F No June 21, 2007 457mm/ Yes 13-Jun-06 June 21, 2007 450mm/ 1040g F No June 21, 2007 480mm/ Yes June 21, 2007 421mm/ 902g M No June 21, 2007 479mm/ 1270g M No June 22, 2007 496mm/1393g M Yes June 25, 2007 467mm/ 1181g F No June 25, 2007 469mm/ 1111g M No June 25, 2007 396mm/ 688g M Yes June 25, 2007 436mm/ 965g F No June 25, 2007 428mm/ 917g F No June 25, 2007 469mm/ 1094g M Yes 2-Jun-06 June 25, 2007 448mm/ 1032g M No June 25, 2007 399mm/ 799g M No June 26, 2007 504mm/1508g M No June 27, 2007 505mm/ 1460g M Yes 10-Jul-06 June 28, 2007 397mm/735g M No July 2, 2007 343mm/471g M No July 2, 2007 519mm/1522g M No July 3, 2007 393mm/686g M No July 3, 2007 480mm/1198g M Yes 18-Jul-06 July 9, 2007 421mm/921g M No July 17, 2007 390mm/632g No July 18, 2007 360mm/508g F No July 26, 2007 440mm /931g M No July 26, 2007 435mm / 937g M No July 26, 2007 362mm / 547g F No July 30, 2007 380mm / 621g No PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 216
- 217. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED August 6, 2007 396mm / 657g No August 6, 2007 420mm/ 756g No August 7, 2007 380mm / 590g No August 15, 2007 480mm/ 1056 No December 12, 2007 305mm / 321g No 2008 Buckley Trap Bull Trout Date Captured Fork Length (mm)/ Weight (g) Recapture Original Date(s) Captured April 14, 2008 438mm/ 860g /Male N April 14, 2008 507mm/1312g N April 14, 2008 429mm/ 946g N May 19, 2008 415mm/ 871g N June 30, 2008 400mm /718g N June 30, 2008 500mm / 1366g N June 30, 2008 511 mm / 1356g Y July 2. 2008 476 mm /1250g N July 11. 2008 367mm / 600g F N July 14, 2008 470mm / 1350g M N July 18, 2008 467mm / 998g M N No tag data-Old acoustic & floy tag August 13, 2008 500mm / 1405g M Y scar September 3, 2008 488mm / 1170g Y 21-Jun-07 2009 Buckley Trap Bull Trout Date Captured Fork Length (mm)/ Weight (g) Sex Recapture Original Date(s) Captured April 20, 2009 405mm / 660g N April 20, 2009 420mm / 742 N May 8, 2009 352mm / 407g N May 18, 2009 390mm / 468g N May 20, 2009 359mm / 436g N June 12, 2009 420mm / 826g N June 22, 2009 570mm / 2054 Y June 26, 2009 495mm / 1411g N June 26, 2009 384mm / 606g N June 26, 2009 415mm / 830g N June 29,2009 444mm / 1052g N June 29,2009 392mm / 696g N June 29,2009 385mm / 650g N June 29,2009 370mm / 551g N July 1, 2009 377mm / 579g N July 1, 2009 442mm / 1044g N July 1, 2009 470mm / 1124g Male N PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 217
- 218. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED July 1, 2009 344mm / 475g N July 1, 2009 425mm / 825g N July 2, 2009 460mm / 1053g N July 2, 2009 505mm / 1302g N July 2, 2009 465mm / 1107g N July 2, 2009 465mm / 1156g N July 2, 2009 405mm / 781g N July 6, 2009 456mm / 1004g N July 6, 2009 520mm / 1555g N July 6, 2009 539mm / 1545g M N July 6, 2009 429mm / 851g N July 6, 2009 468mm / 1153g N July 6, 2009 442mm / 1027g N July 6, 2009 436mm / 978g N July 6, 2009 510mm / 1473g N July 6, 2009 343mm / 442g N July 6, 2009 403mm / 660g N July 6, 2009 482mm / 1180g N July 6, 2009 525mm / 1390g N July 6, 2009 415mm / 740g N July 7, 2009 415mm / 897g N July 7, 2009 374mm / 586g N July 7, 2009 570mm / 1714g M N July 7, 2009 500mm / 1296g M N July 7, 2009 373mm / 623g N July 8, 2009 452mm / 1019g N July 8, 2009 515mm / 1362g N July 8, 2009 480mm / 1246g N July 10, 2009 454mm / 948g M N July 10, 2009 445mm / 842g N July 10, 2009 554mm / 1750g N July 10, 2009 464mm / 1208g N July 10, 2009 424mm / 857g N July 10, 2009 359mm / 857g N July 13, 2009 540mm / 1605g M N July 13, 2009 505mm / 1345g Y July 13, 2009 451mm / 975g Y June 30, 2008 July 13, 2009 502mm / 1391g N July 13, 2009 371mm / 458g N July 13, 2009 397mm / 715g N July 13, 2009 460mm / 1074g N July 14, 2009 450mm / 937g F N July 15, 2009 440mm / 1054g N July 15, 2009 406mm / 778g N July 15, 2009 399mm / 730g N PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 218
- 219. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED July 15, 2009 455mm / 1107g N July 15, 2009 415mm / 856g N July 15, 2009 406mm / 737g Y July 11,2008 July 17, 2009 465mm/ 1041g N July 17, 2009 483mm / 1205g N July 17, 2009 491mm / 1213g N July 17, 2009 375mm / 609g N July 20, 2009 390mm / 661g N July 20, 2009 376mm / 573g N July 20, 2009 482mm /1202g N July 20, 2009 357mm / 489g N July 20, 2009 347mm / 432g N July 20, 2009 339mm / 463g N July 22, 2009 410mm / 340g N July 22, 2009 371mm / 562g N July 22, 2009 483mm / 1088g N July 22, 2009 401mm / 792g N July 27, 2009 469mm / 1093g M N July 27, 2009 462mm / 1089g M N July 27, 2009 407mm / 744g F N July 27, 2009 370mm / 551g N July 29, 2009 487mm / 1207g N August 3, 2009 398mm / 687g F N August 7, 2009 400mm / 680g F N August 7, 2009 463mm / 1080g N August 7, 2009 512mm / 1488g N August 7, 2009 500mm / 1222g N August 10, 2009 394mm / 665g N August 10, 2009 438mm / 906g N 2010 Buckley Trap Bull Trout Date Captured Fork Length (mm)/ Weight (g) / Sex Recapture Original Date(s) Captured April 21, 2010 481mm / 1448g / F N April 23, 2010 460mm / 1050g N April 30, 2010 450 mm / 1161g N May 14, 2010 480mm / 1309g / M N May 17, 2010 505mm / 1599g / M Y July 6, 2009 May 19, 2010 500mm / 1408g / M N May 26, 2010 473mm / 1275g / F N June 4, 2010 498mm / 1575g / F N June 7, 2010 492mm / 1473g / F Y July 1, 2009 June 11, 2010 496mm / 1377g / M Y July 6, 2009 June 11, 2010 520mm / 1634g / M N June 11, 2010 429mm / 1036g / F N PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 219
- 220. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED June 11, 2010 378mm / 621g / F N June 14, 2010 343mm / 437g / M N June 16, 2010 415mm / 900g / M N June 16, 2010 535mm / 1800g / F N June 16, 2010 442mm / 1100g / F N June 16, 2010 505mm / 1500g / M N June 16, 2010 565mm / 2200g / M N June 23, 2010 465mm / 1100g / F N June 25, 2010 500mm / 1580g N June 25, 2010 390mm / 700g N June 29, 2010 418mm / 817g / F N June 29, 2010 434mm / 953g Y July 22, 2009 June 29, 2010 403mm / 797g N June 29, 2010 446mm / 1075g / M N June 29, 2010 433mm / 946g N June 29, 2010 439mm / 973 Y July 1, 2009 June 29, 2010 417mm / 895g N July 1, 2010 514mm / 1437g / M Y July 10, 2009 July 1, 2010 418mm / 852g / F N July 8, 2010 496mm / 1251g / M Y June 30, 2008 /July13, 2009 July 8, 2010 530mm / 1741g / F Y July 8, 2009 July 8, 2010 406mm / 770g / F N July 8, 2010 498mm / 1279g /M Y July 15, 2009 July 8, 2010 491mm/ 1341g / F N July 8, 2010 385mm / 678g / M N July 9, 2010 436mm / 1022g / F N July 9, 2010 536mm / 1716g / F Y July 10, 2009 July 9, 2010 566mm / 1795g / M Y July 7, 2009 July 9, 2010 548mm / 1695g / F N July 9, 2010 401mm / 778g / F N July 12, 2010 571mm / 2054g / F Y July 6, 2009 July 12, 2010 468mm / 1186g N July 13, 2010 520mm / 1550g / M N July 13, 2010 421mm / 850g / M N July 13, 2010 480mm / 1300g / M N July 13, 2010 483mm / 1350g / M N July 13, 2010 484mm / 1336g / F N July 13, 2010 486mm / 1273g N July 13, 2010 420mm / 823g / F N July 13, 2010 388mm / 664g N July 16, 2010 394mm / 690g / M N July 16, 2010 401mm / 714g / M N July 19, 2010 491mm / 1321g / M N July 19, 2010 404mm / 737g / F N July 19, 2010 366mm / 507g / F N PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 220
- 221. WRIA 10: PUYALLUP/WHITERIVER WATERSHED July 21, 2010 425mm / 877g / M N July 21, 2010 413mm / 874g / M N July 21, 2010 360mm / 476g / M N July 21, 2010 525mm / 1539g / M Y July 15, 2009 July 21, 2010 390mm / 671g / F N July 23, 2010 420mm / 829g / F N July 26, 2010 374mm / 594g / M N July 26, 2010 421mm / 846g N July 26, 2010 417mm / 824g N July 26, 2010 544mm / 1689g / M Y July 17, 2009 July 26, 2010 528mm / 1677g / M Y July 2, 2009 July 26, 2010 452mm / 1036g N July 26, 2010 419mm / 803g / F N July 26, 2010 543mm / 1734g / F N July 26, 2010 494mm / 1357g / F N July 26, 2010 416mm / 804g N July 26, 2010 447mm / 1091g / M N July 28, 2010 429mm / 813g / M N July 30, 2010 404mm / 681g / F N July 30, 2010 403mm / 756g / M N July 30, 2010 455mm / 1030g / M Y July 7, 2009 August 2, 2010 536mm / 1664g / M Y July 27, 2009 August 4, 2010 390mm / 627g / M N August 4, 2010 413mm / 753g / F N August 6, 2010 456mm / 1050g / F N August 11, 2010 385mm / 608g / M N August 13, 2010 448mm / 941g N August 16, 2010 505mm / 1321g / M Y July 2, 2009 August 16, 2010 380mm / 590g / F N August 23, 2010 No data available PUYALLUP TRIBAL FISHERIES 2009-2010 ANNUAL SALMON, STEELHEAD, AND BULL TROUT REPORT Page 221