Eng.

1. Independent Catalyst Test
Report 2015
Pushing the limits of FCC gasoline desulfurization
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2. FCC gasoline desulfurization
Goal: desulfurize FCC gasoline with minimum octane loss
Uses conventional naphtha hydrotreating
Uses selective catalysts to minimize olefin saturation
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3. Commercial status
Got off the ground in 1999
There are now 300 units in the world
Most are Scanfining (ExxonMobil) or Prime G (Axens) units
Revamps and new builds are ongoing
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4. FCC gasoline desulfurization catalysts are
designed for olefin retention selectivity
• Excerpt from ExxonMobil
presentation
• Shows ExxonMobil pilot
plant data - olefin
retention selectivity
Excerpt from XOM presentation
4

5. Independent catalyst test report
2015 (ICT 2015)
Side-by-side pilot plant tests of competitive catalysts
Catalysts are ranked on activity and selectivity
Includes competitive analysis
Includes new insights on the process
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6. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 4 8 12 16 20
Sulfur
ppm
Days
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
Cold temp Warm temp
Hot temp
ICT 2015 - desulfurization activity
Other experiments
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7. ICT 2015 - olefin retention selectivity
Green and white data
points are from ICT 2015
tests of competitive
catalysts
Trendlines are XOM pilot
plant data for RT-225 and
RT-235
Note: This chart shows 4 of 20 data points from ICT Report 2015
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8. ICT 2015 Technology landscape charts
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 10 100
Olefins,
wt%
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N chart
temperature increasing
Normal operating window
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9. ICT 2015 Catalyst ranking grid
Base selectivity -5 wt% olefin saturation
-20°F
-10°F
0°F
+10°F
+20°F
+30°F
Delta
Activity
Delta Selectivity
Test catalysts are placed in this grid
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10. Pushing the limits
• Studying the detailed chemistry of the process
• Pushing severity to make ultra low sulfur gasoline
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11. Pushing the limits
Reactivity of compound groups
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12. ICT 2015 – olefins by carbon number
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
wt%
olefins
Carbon number
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
wt% in feed
cold
warm
hot
olefins by carbon number
12

13. C5 olefins C9 olefins
ICT 2015 - olefin selectivity by
compound group
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 10 100
Sulfur, ppm
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 10 100
Sulfur, ppm
Normal operating
window
Normal operating
window
Wt%
13

14. Pushing the limits
Selectivity by individual compound
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15. 2-methyl-2-butene A C10 olefin
ICT 2015 - olefin selectivity by
individual compound
0
1
1 10 100
Sulfur, ppm
0
0.1
1 10 100
Sulfur, ppm
Wt%
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16. Pushing the limits
Selectivity for other hydrocarbon types
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17. ICT 2015 - isoparaffin selectivity
15
20
25
30
1 10 100
Isoparaffins,
wt%
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
temperature increasing
Normal operating window
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18. Pushing the limits
Increasing severity to make ultra-low-sulfur gasoline
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19. ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RON
Octane
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
Normal operating window
Increasing severity
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20. ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RON
Octane
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
Normal operating window
Increasing severity
Other reactions start
happening as you go out here
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21. ICT 2015 – octane retention selectivity
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
1 10 100
RON
Octane
Product sulfur, ppm
Hoekstra 10-20N catalyst test
Normal operating window
Increasing severity
It is possible to INCREASE
octane while going deeper
in desulfurization
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22. Independent catalyst test report
2015
Competitive catalysts have been tested
They are ranked on desulfurization activity
They are ranked on olefin retention selectivity
Large improvements in desulfurization/octane performance
are possible at deep desulfurization
The report is available to anyone from Hoekstra Trading
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23. Thanks for your attention!
George Hoekstra
george.hoekstra@hoekstratrading.com
http://hoekstratrading.com
+1 630 330-8159
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