The document discusses the nature and components of language, highlighting that a true language encompasses a grammar system, sound system, and vocabulary. It differentiates between language acquisition (mother tongue) and language learning (second languages), examines types of communication, and underscores principles and ethics of effective communication. Additionally, it prompts readers to reflect on various communication scenarios and their corresponding types.

1. COMMUNICATION
PROCESS AND ITS
COMPONENTS

2. Nature of Language
What exactly is
language?

3. Linguists agree that a language can
be only called language if it has a
system of rules (also known as
grammar), a sound system (also
known as phonology), and a
vocabulary
(also known as lexicon).

4. Why do humans understand
each other using language?

5. When human use language,
they can understand each
other because they belong to
the same speech community,
in which they share the same set
of rules in the language system.

6. Language Acquisition and
Language Learning
While growing up, people acquire the language used
by those in the same community – same speech
community. This is the process of language
acquisition. Languages acquired while
growing up are known as mother tongues, which
may also be referred to as (first languages (L1).

7. Other than the first language, there are other
languages that are needed for various reason.
These other languages are referred to
as second languages (L2).People learn their
L2in school or on their own. This is the process
of language learning.

8. In our interaction with other people, our
languages come into contact with their
language, resulting in language change.
Language change is a natural behavior of
language.

9. Answer the following:
1. What makes human language different from
animal language?Support your answer. (5 pts.)
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________________________________

10. 2. Using a T-chart, differentiate the following: (5
pts. each)

11. 3. What happens after a language comes into
contact with another?
Briefly explain. 5 points
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
________________________________

12. 4. What is communication?
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
________________________________

13. There are various types of communication upon
which linguists and experts agree to describe
its nature. These types can be divided
according to mode, context, and purpose and
style.

14. According to Mode
▪ Verbal Communication
- the use of language to transfer
information through speaking or
sign language.

15. ▪ Non-Verbal Communication
- the use of body language, gestures
and facial expression to
convey information to others, it can
be used both intentionally and
unintentionally.

16. ▪ Visual Communication
- is the conveyance of ideas and
information that can be seen.
- takes place through pictures,
graphs and charts, as well as
through signs, signals, and symbols.

17. According to Context
▪ Intrapersonal Communication
- Intra –means “within” or “inside”
- Communication to oneself
- Some label it as self or inner talk, inner
monologue, or inner dialogue

18. ▪ Interpersonal Communication
- The Latin prefix inter –means
between or among people.
- Communication between two or
more people.

19. ▪ Extended Communication
- Communication that involves the
use of electronic media

20. ▪ Intercultural Communication
- Communication between or among
people having different linguistic,
religious, ethnic, social, and
professional background.

21. ▪ Organizational Communication
- Communication within or outside
the organization

22. Identify the types of communication
of the following scenarios,
then justify your answer. Write your
answers on the space
provided.

23. ____________1. A long conversation
between a long lost friends.
____________2. Filipinos twitch their lips in
pointing something.
____________3. No smoking sign on the
wall.
____________4. The teachers of 5 institution
attended a seminar for their advancement.
____________5. Ms. Laurel talks gay-lingua
with her gay friends.

24. ____________6. OK signs in other culture
pertains to sexual insult.
____________7. Selling second hand clothes
through Facebook live.
____________8. Shaking hands firmly in an
interview.
____________9. She said to herself, “This is
not what I deserve.”
____________10. The head of each
department expressed their sentiments to
their new CEO.

25. General Principles of Effective Communication
For both oral and written communication, you should be able
to supply the following principles:
1. Know your purpose in communicating.
2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the
context of the situation.
5. Work on the feedback given to you.

26. Principles of Effective ORAL Communication
1. Be clear with your purpose. You
should know by heart your objective in
communicating.
2. Be complete with the message you
deliver. Make sure that your claims are
supported by facts and essential
information.

27. 3. Be concise. You do not need to be verbose
or wordy with your statements. Brevity in
speech is a must.
4. Be natural with your delivery. Punctuate
important words with the appropriate gestures
and movements. Exude a certain degree of
confidence even if you do not feel confident
enough.
5. Be specific and timely with your feedback.
Inputs are most
helpful when provided on time.

28. Principles of Effective WRITTEN
Communication (7 Cs)
1. Be clear. Be clear about your message.
Always be guided by your purpose in
communicating.
2. Be concise. Always stick to the point and
do not beat or run around the bush. Be brief
by focusing on your main point.

29. Principles of Effective WRITTEN
Communication (7 Cs)
3. Be concrete. Support your claims with
enough facts. Your readers will easily know if
you are bluffing or deceiving them
because there is nothing to substantiate your
claim.
4. Be correct. It is important that you observe
grammatical correctness in your writing.
Always have time to revise and edit your
work. Even simple errors may easily distract
your reader.

30. Principles of Effective WRITTEN
Communication (7 Cs)
5. Be coherent. Your writing becomes
coherent only when you convey logical
message. The ideas should be connected to
each other and related to the topic. Make sure
that you observe sound structure that will
present a smooth flow of your ideas. Use
transitional or cohesive devices so that the
ideas cohere with one
another.

31. Principles of Effective WRITTEN
Communication (7 Cs)
6. Be complete. Include all necessary and
relevant information so that the audience will
not be left wanting of any information. Always
place yourself in the shoes of the audience,
who is always interested to receive new
information.
7. Be courteous. The tone of your writing
should be friendly and appropriate. Avoid any
overtone/undertone or insinuation to
eliminate confusion and misinterpretation.

32. Ethics of Communication
Here is a list of ethical communication
developed by Lewis, J. Consider this 10 list
of basic ethical communication as basics as
ideals – ideals, in the sense that we all fall
short of meeting these at some times, and yet
we can continue to improve. One of the goals
of belonging to an Ethical Society is to get
support for learning to live more in accord
with our ideals!

33. 10 Ethical Communication
1. Seek to “elicit the best” in communications
and interactions with other group members.
2. Listen when others speak.
3. Speak non-judgmentally.
4. Speak from your own experience and
perspective, expressing your own thoughts,
needs, and feelings.
5. Seek to understand others (rather that to
be “right” or “more ethical that thou”).

34. 10 Ethical Communication
6. Avoid speaking for others, for example by
characterizing what others have said without
checking your understanding, or by
universalizing your opinions, beliefs, values,
and conclusions, --assuming everyone shares
them.
7. Manage your own personal boundaries:
share only what you are comfortable sharing.

35. 10 Ethical Communication
8. Respect the personal boundaries of
others.
9. Avoid interrupting and side
conversations.
10. Make sure that everyone has time to
speak, that all members have relatively
equal “air time” if they want it.

36. Answer the following questions:
1. Why is it important to have a code of
conduct or a code of ethics?
Briefly explain your point. (5 pts.)
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

37. What are the 7Cs of effective
written communication in
writing?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.