This document discusses the purpose and operating principles of a conventional differential. It describes how a conventional differential divides engine torque between the drive axles to allow them to rotate at different speeds, such as when turning. It explains that differential pinions connect the drive ring gear and side gears to allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds. The document also briefly mentions no-spin differentials, which use clutches between the drive axles to improve traction when one wheel tends to slip.

2.  SEQUENCESEQUENCE
 PURPOSES
 CONFIG
 CONSTR
 PRINCIPLE OF OP
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

3.  PURPOSEPURPOSE
 TX TORQUE TO AXLETX TORQUE TO AXLE
 FROM ENGINE TO DRIVE AXLE
 USUALLY DRIVE AXLES, ON ROTATIONAL AXIS THAT IS 90 DEG
DIFF THAN THE ROTATIONAL AXIS OF PROPELLER SHAFT
 DIVIDE ENGINE TORQUEDIVIDE ENGINE TORQUE
 TORQUE DIV B/W DRIVING SO THAT THEY ARE FREE TO ROTATE
SIMULTANEOUSLY AT VARYING SPEEDS
 IMP WHEN VEH IS NOT MOVING IN A STRAIGHT LINE
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

6. CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

10.  PRINCIPLE OF OPPRINCIPLE OF OP
 BEVEL DRIVE PINION ROTATES THE BEVEL DRIVE RING GEAR ANDBEVEL DRIVE PINION ROTATES THE BEVEL DRIVE RING GEAR AND
DIFFERENTIAL CASEDIFFERENTIAL CASE (WHERE FINAL DRIVE GEAR IS BOLTED)(WHERE FINAL DRIVE GEAR IS BOLTED)
 AXLE SHAFTS ARE SPLINED TO DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEARSAXLE SHAFTS ARE SPLINED TO DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEARS
 WITHOUT DIFFERENTIAL PINIONS, EACH WH WITH ITSWITHOUT DIFFERENTIAL PINIONS, EACH WH WITH ITS
RESPECTIVE AXLE SHAFT AND SIDE GEAR WOULD ROTATE FREELYRESPECTIVE AXLE SHAFT AND SIDE GEAR WOULD ROTATE FREELY
W.R.T DIFFERENTIAL CASE AND BEVEL DRIVE GEARW.R.T DIFFERENTIAL CASE AND BEVEL DRIVE GEAR
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

11.  PRINCIPLE OF OPPRINCIPLE OF OP
 STRAIGHT AHEADSTRAIGHT AHEAD
 WHEN BOTH WHS ARE ROTATING AT SAME SPEED AS THEYWHEN BOTH WHS ARE ROTATING AT SAME SPEED AS THEY
DO ON SMOOTH/ STRAIGHT RDDO ON SMOOTH/ STRAIGHT RD
 DIFFERENTIAL PINIONS DO NOT ROTATE AROUND THEIR OWNDIFFERENTIAL PINIONS DO NOT ROTATE AROUND THEIR OWN
AXISAXIS
 PINIONS SERVE ONLY TO LOCK ALL PARTS MAKING THEMPINIONS SERVE ONLY TO LOCK ALL PARTS MAKING THEM
ROTATE AS ONE UNIT (ROTATE AS ONE UNIT (WHEN DIFFERENTIAL RING GEAR ISWHEN DIFFERENTIAL RING GEAR IS
TURNED BY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE PINIONTURNED BY DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE PINION))
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

12.  PRINCIPLE OF OPPRINCIPLE OF OP
 TURNSTURNS
 WHEN THE WHS ROTATE AT DIFF SPEEDS AS THEY DO WHEN MAKING A TURNWHEN THE WHS ROTATE AT DIFF SPEEDS AS THEY DO WHEN MAKING A TURN
 THE SLOWING DOWN OF INNER WH DEC THE ROTATION OF ITS AXLE SHAFTTHE SLOWING DOWN OF INNER WH DEC THE ROTATION OF ITS AXLE SHAFT
AND SIDE GEAR W.R.T TO DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE RING GEAR & DIFFERNTIALAND SIDE GEAR W.R.T TO DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE RING GEAR & DIFFERNTIAL
CASECASE
 DIFFERENTIAL CASE FORCES THE DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR, ADVANCING THEDIFFERENTIAL CASE FORCES THE DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR, ADVANCING THE
OPPOSITE SIDE GEAR AN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT W.R.T DIFFERNTIAL CASEOPPOSITE SIDE GEAR AN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT W.R.T DIFFERNTIAL CASE
 THE OUTER WH TURNS AT HIGHER SPEED THAN THE INNER WHTHE OUTER WH TURNS AT HIGHER SPEED THAN THE INNER WH
 IF DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE RING GEAR MAKES FOUR REVOLUTIONS, THE INNERIF DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE RING GEAR MAKES FOUR REVOLUTIONS, THE INNER
WH IS MAKING ONE, THE OUTER WH WILL ROTATE SEVEN TIMESWH IS MAKING ONE, THE OUTER WH WILL ROTATE SEVEN TIMES
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

13.  NO SPIN DIFFERENTIALNO SPIN DIFFERENTIAL
 PURPOSEPURPOSE
 PROVIDE MEAN TO IMPROVING TRACTIVE EFFORT AT DRIVING WHS
WHEN ONE WH TENDS TO SLIP
 DIFFERENTIAL MUST PREVENT SLIPPAGE AND SUP TORQUE TO
DRIVING WHS
 NON-SPIN DIFFERENTIAL DOES THIS BY USING VARIOUS TYPES OF
CLUTCHES B/W DRIVING AXLES
CONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIALCONVENTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL

15.  DEAD AXLEDEAD AXLE
 LIVE AXLELIVE AXLE
 FULL FLOATING AXLEFULL FLOATING AXLE
 SEMI FLOATING AXLESEMI FLOATING AXLE
 THREE QTR FLOATING AXLETHREE QTR FLOATING AXLE
AXLESAXLES

16. AXLESAXLES

17. READING ASGINMENT
 HYPOID AXLE
 TANDEM AXLE
 DIFFERENTIAL LOCK
 CLUTCH TYPE NO SPIN DIFFERENTIAL
 LTD SLIP DIFFERENTIAL