The document discusses pump testing standards and their impact. It provides an overview of the ANSI/HI 14.6-2011 standard for pump acceptance testing. It explains that tolerances are needed because no pump is perfectly manufactured and tests have variability. It reviews previous standards and how they compare to the new HI 14.6-2011 and ISO 9906-2012 standards, noting the new standards allow specifying a power or efficiency tolerance. It provides default acceptance grades for different applications and discusses ensuring the supplier specifies which standard a pump curve or test is based on.
Centrifugal Pump Testing Standards - Presentation by ITTSahyog Shishodia
This presentation will give you all the details you need to know about Centrifugal Pumps Testing Standards.
It talks about API 610 , HI1.6, ISO 9906. What standards to follow while specifying pump testing and tolerances.
List of API standards for rotating equipmentravisriniv
List of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards used for rotating equipment in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Oil and Gas Industries like Pumps, Compressors, Turbines and Auxiliary Systems supplied with these rotating equipment and packages.
Basics of centrifugal. Topics covered are operating principles, energy conversion, components in centrifugal pump, the concept of NPSH, pump rating calculation and affinity laws
Pressure relieving valves like safety valves and safety relief valves are used in thermal power plants to prevent overpressure in pressurized systems. There are different types including safety valves, safety relief valves, and power operated relief valves. Safety valves open fully at a set pressure while safety relief valves can open proportionally. Standards like ASME Section I provide requirements for safety valve installation, capacity, materials, and settings to ensure systems are properly protected from overpressure. Safety valves are part of defense-in-depth protection schemes used in power plants to prevent accidents.
The pressure test is a key event in the installation of all Fusible PVC® products, including Fusible C-900®, Fusible C-905®, and FPVC®. There are, in a lot of installations, more events beyond the pressure test that define completion of the project. For pipe supply and fusion services however, the pressure test can define completion of services in the manner expected
The document discusses different types of compressors used to increase air pressure. It describes reciprocating compressors which use pistons to compress air inside cylinders. Rotary compressors like screw, vane, and lobe compressors compress air using rotating elements. Centrifugal and axial compressors accelerate air to increase pressure, with centrifugal compressors using impellers and axial using rotating and stationary blades in stages. The document provides details on components and operating principles of these compressor types.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Power Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.1" by Charles Becht IV. It discusses the book's coverage of the ASME B31.1 code for power piping systems, the qualifications and experience of the author, and the book's table of contents. The introduction also provides brief biographies of Charles Becht and an overview of his extensive experience with pressure vessels and piping codes and standards.
This document outlines technical requirements for positive displacement pumps used in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries according to API 675 standards. It covers hydraulic diaphragm and packed plunger pump designs, excluding rotary pumps. Requirements include materials of construction, pressure containment, liquid end connections, flanges, check valves, diaphragms, relief valves, gears, bearings, lubrication, capacity control, and accessories like drivers, motors, couplings and guards.
Centrifugal Pump Testing Standards - Presentation by ITTSahyog Shishodia
This presentation will give you all the details you need to know about Centrifugal Pumps Testing Standards.
It talks about API 610 , HI1.6, ISO 9906. What standards to follow while specifying pump testing and tolerances.
List of API standards for rotating equipmentravisriniv
List of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards used for rotating equipment in Petroleum, Petrochemical and Oil and Gas Industries like Pumps, Compressors, Turbines and Auxiliary Systems supplied with these rotating equipment and packages.
Basics of centrifugal. Topics covered are operating principles, energy conversion, components in centrifugal pump, the concept of NPSH, pump rating calculation and affinity laws
Pressure relieving valves like safety valves and safety relief valves are used in thermal power plants to prevent overpressure in pressurized systems. There are different types including safety valves, safety relief valves, and power operated relief valves. Safety valves open fully at a set pressure while safety relief valves can open proportionally. Standards like ASME Section I provide requirements for safety valve installation, capacity, materials, and settings to ensure systems are properly protected from overpressure. Safety valves are part of defense-in-depth protection schemes used in power plants to prevent accidents.
The pressure test is a key event in the installation of all Fusible PVC® products, including Fusible C-900®, Fusible C-905®, and FPVC®. There are, in a lot of installations, more events beyond the pressure test that define completion of the project. For pipe supply and fusion services however, the pressure test can define completion of services in the manner expected
The document discusses different types of compressors used to increase air pressure. It describes reciprocating compressors which use pistons to compress air inside cylinders. Rotary compressors like screw, vane, and lobe compressors compress air using rotating elements. Centrifugal and axial compressors accelerate air to increase pressure, with centrifugal compressors using impellers and axial using rotating and stationary blades in stages. The document provides details on components and operating principles of these compressor types.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the book "Power Piping: The Complete Guide to ASME B31.1" by Charles Becht IV. It discusses the book's coverage of the ASME B31.1 code for power piping systems, the qualifications and experience of the author, and the book's table of contents. The introduction also provides brief biographies of Charles Becht and an overview of his extensive experience with pressure vessels and piping codes and standards.
This document outlines technical requirements for positive displacement pumps used in the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries according to API 675 standards. It covers hydraulic diaphragm and packed plunger pump designs, excluding rotary pumps. Requirements include materials of construction, pressure containment, liquid end connections, flanges, check valves, diaphragms, relief valves, gears, bearings, lubrication, capacity control, and accessories like drivers, motors, couplings and guards.
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure on a liquid using a reciprocating piston or rotating components. Dynamic pumps use centrifugal force to generate high rotational velocities and convert the kinetic energy of liquids into pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Common dynamic pump types include centrifugal pumps which contain an impeller and casing. Proper consideration of factors like net positive suction head are important for pump selection and operation.
Pumps are widely used in process plants to transfer fluid from one point to the other and the Process Engineer is often required to specify the correct size of pumps that will optimize system performance. Though pump sizing can easily be performed using software such as Pipe-Flo®, understanding the basic principle will not only aid one to better interpret the results obtained by pump sizing software but also to better design pumps. Centrifugal pump sizing overview is presented in this tutorial.
Valves serve various functions in industrial plants including isolation, control, pressure relief, and preventing backflow. There are several types of valves that can be categorized based on their function, including isolation valves like gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves used for on/off service. Control valves like top-guided and cage-guided valves are used for modulating or throttling flow in response to process parameters. Pressure relief valves open automatically to protect against overpressure, while check valves allow flow in one direction and prevent reverse flow using swing check, tilt disc, and lift check designs.
Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to increase the pressure and flow of a liquid. Liquid enters the center of the impeller and is accelerated outward by the curved blades of the impeller. This increases the pressure and flow of the liquid. Calculating the required head of a centrifugal pump involves accounting for static head, pipe friction losses, and adding additional head for safety. Proper pump selection is based on matching the required head and flow rate to the pump performance curves. Cavitation and ensuring adequate Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are also important considerations for centrifugal pump operation.
Saudi arabian-engineering-standards-saes-j-502nadim khan
This document establishes standards for the design and construction of analyzer shelters at Saudi Aramco. It specifies requirements for shelters to be pre-engineered, packaged units containing sampling systems, analyzers, ventilation, electrical, and other services. Shelters must be able to withstand Saudi Aramco's environmental conditions and hazardous area classifications. The document provides detailed guidelines on shelter layout, size, location, mechanical/structural design, electrical systems, and other design aspects. It aims to ensure shelters and enclosed analyzers are safely and reliably operated in Saudi Aramco's facilities.
1. O documento discute diferentes tipos de bombas de deslocamento positivo, incluindo bombas alternativas e rotativas.
2. É apresentada uma classificação das bombas de deslocamento de acordo com o movimento dos elementos de bombeamento.
3. São descritos detalhes sobre bombas rotativas de um único rotor como bombas de palhetas, bombas rotativas de pistão e bombas de parafuso. Também são mencionadas bombas rotativas de mais de um rotor, como bombas de engrenagens.
This document discusses the design and operation of a lube oil rundown tank system used to provide lubrication to rotating equipment bearings during shutdown coast-down periods. It describes how the rundown tank is filled during startup and then provides gravity flow of lube oil to the bearings after shutdown when main and auxiliary lube oil pumps are lost. The rundown tank system includes components like a vent, level transmitter, filling valve, check valves, and overflow line that allow it to fill, circulate oil normally, and then feed oil to bearings during coast-down.
1. The document provides information about an air compressor at Asian Paints Khandala plant, including its specifications, components, electrical and control systems.
2. It describes the oil injected screw compressor as having a capacity of 1500 CFM@7.5Bar powered by a 250KW motor.
3. The key components are the suction air filter, unloading valve, compression unit, oil separator, oil cooler, oil filter and air cooler; and the compressor is controlled through a main control system that monitors sensors for temperature, pressure and alarms.
Positive displacement pumps move fluids by trapping a fixed volume and forcing that volume from the suction to discharge side. Reciprocating pumps, like piston pumps, use reciprocating motion powered by engines while rotary pumps use rotating components like gears or lobes. Piston pumps have two check valves and a reciprocating piston powered by translating rotary motion into linear motion. They can be direct or indirect acting, simplex or duplex, and single or double acting. Diaphragm pumps use a flexible diaphragm instead of pistons. Rotary pumps have gears, lobes, screws, cams, or vanes that rotate to trap and move fluid and include gear, lobe, screw, vane, and cam pumps
O documento descreve os componentes e tipos de bombas de engrenagem, incluindo suas vantagens, desvantagens, aplicações e manutenção. Detalha bombas volumétricas, dinâmicas e rotativas, com foco em bombas de engrenagem externa e interna. Discorre sobre componentes como retentores, gaxetas, selos mecânicos e mancais, além de causas de falhas e a importância da manutenção preventiva.
This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use external power to transfer fluids from one point to another. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps, rotary lobe pumps, progressing cavity pumps, piston/plunger pumps, dosing pumps, and vacuum pumps. Rotodynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps. Each pump type has different characteristics that make it suitable for various fluid transfer applications.
the presentation includes basic ideas about water pumps, various terminology generally used for the pumps, classification of pumps and ideas about the types its construction and working
Este manual traz informações importantes para o profissional da área de Manutenção Industrial. Ele foi preparado para uma consulta rápida, de grande utilidade no dia-a-dia.
Os temas foram abordados resumidamente porém, informações mais aprofundadas podem ser obtidas com o Grupo Técnico da Manutenção Industrial - Equipamentos Estáticos da Refinaria de Paulinia.
El documento proporciona información sobre la Serie 30/31 de válvulas de mariposa fabricadas por Bray Controls. Estas válvulas ofrecen mejor confiabilidad y vida útil debido a características como conexiones de vástago y disco resistentes, sellos primarios y secundarios efectivos, y asientos intercambiables. Además, las válvulas Bray cumplen con varios estándares internacionales y son compatibles con actuadores y bridas estándar.
The document provides an introduction to pump analysis. It discusses that the purpose of a pump is to increase the mechanical energy in a fluid by transporting it from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. It then covers key pumping concepts like capacity, head, efficiency, and power input. Specific types of pumps are defined, including centrifugal pumps which are most commonly used for wastewater applications. Methods for analyzing pump performance including head-capacity curves and affinity laws are also introduced.
The document provides an overview of a training course on analyzing and interpreting piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses the objectives of understanding P&IDs and their utilization. It then covers various topics related to P&IDs including an introduction, the different levels of diagrams, symbology and abbreviations, process control loops, how to read P&IDs, piping specifications and decoding, and interlock systems.
The document discusses compressor working principles and types. It provides the following key points:
1) There are two basic principles of air or gas compression: positive displacement and dynamic compression. Positive displacement compressors reduce volume to increase pressure while dynamic compressors convert velocity to pressure.
2) Compressor types include centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. Centrifugal compressors use radial diffusers to increase pressure via Bernoulli's principle while reciprocating compressors use pistons in cylinders.
3) Capacity control methods for compressors include inlet guide vanes, blow-off valves, and modulating control to vary output between 100% to 10%. Operating parameters like inlet pressure and temperature influence compressor flow and power requirements
This document does not provide any clear information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less. The document contains only blank lines without any words, sentences, or meaningful content that could be abstracted and summarized.
This document provides instructions for using the KIA CRT-3500 Common Rail Injector Tester. It describes the components included with the tester and outlines various tests that can be performed to diagnose issues with common rail diesel engines, including low and high pressure injection comparison tests, high pressure tests, injector back leak tests, cleaning and assembly procedures for injectors, and more. The summaries provided give an overview of the testing capabilities and procedures covered in the user manual.
This presentation provides information regarding the U.S. EPA's Tier III ruling which reduces the allowed sulfur concentrations in gasoline from an average of 30 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (ULSG).
Pumps are devices that use mechanical energy to increase the velocity, pressure, or elevation of liquids and gases. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps apply direct pressure on a liquid using a reciprocating piston or rotating components. Dynamic pumps use centrifugal force to generate high rotational velocities and convert the kinetic energy of liquids into pressure energy. Common positive displacement pump types include piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Common dynamic pump types include centrifugal pumps which contain an impeller and casing. Proper consideration of factors like net positive suction head are important for pump selection and operation.
Pumps are widely used in process plants to transfer fluid from one point to the other and the Process Engineer is often required to specify the correct size of pumps that will optimize system performance. Though pump sizing can easily be performed using software such as Pipe-Flo®, understanding the basic principle will not only aid one to better interpret the results obtained by pump sizing software but also to better design pumps. Centrifugal pump sizing overview is presented in this tutorial.
Valves serve various functions in industrial plants including isolation, control, pressure relief, and preventing backflow. There are several types of valves that can be categorized based on their function, including isolation valves like gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves used for on/off service. Control valves like top-guided and cage-guided valves are used for modulating or throttling flow in response to process parameters. Pressure relief valves open automatically to protect against overpressure, while check valves allow flow in one direction and prevent reverse flow using swing check, tilt disc, and lift check designs.
Centrifugal pumps work by using an impeller to increase the pressure and flow of a liquid. Liquid enters the center of the impeller and is accelerated outward by the curved blades of the impeller. This increases the pressure and flow of the liquid. Calculating the required head of a centrifugal pump involves accounting for static head, pipe friction losses, and adding additional head for safety. Proper pump selection is based on matching the required head and flow rate to the pump performance curves. Cavitation and ensuring adequate Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are also important considerations for centrifugal pump operation.
Saudi arabian-engineering-standards-saes-j-502nadim khan
This document establishes standards for the design and construction of analyzer shelters at Saudi Aramco. It specifies requirements for shelters to be pre-engineered, packaged units containing sampling systems, analyzers, ventilation, electrical, and other services. Shelters must be able to withstand Saudi Aramco's environmental conditions and hazardous area classifications. The document provides detailed guidelines on shelter layout, size, location, mechanical/structural design, electrical systems, and other design aspects. It aims to ensure shelters and enclosed analyzers are safely and reliably operated in Saudi Aramco's facilities.
1. O documento discute diferentes tipos de bombas de deslocamento positivo, incluindo bombas alternativas e rotativas.
2. É apresentada uma classificação das bombas de deslocamento de acordo com o movimento dos elementos de bombeamento.
3. São descritos detalhes sobre bombas rotativas de um único rotor como bombas de palhetas, bombas rotativas de pistão e bombas de parafuso. Também são mencionadas bombas rotativas de mais de um rotor, como bombas de engrenagens.
This document discusses the design and operation of a lube oil rundown tank system used to provide lubrication to rotating equipment bearings during shutdown coast-down periods. It describes how the rundown tank is filled during startup and then provides gravity flow of lube oil to the bearings after shutdown when main and auxiliary lube oil pumps are lost. The rundown tank system includes components like a vent, level transmitter, filling valve, check valves, and overflow line that allow it to fill, circulate oil normally, and then feed oil to bearings during coast-down.
1. The document provides information about an air compressor at Asian Paints Khandala plant, including its specifications, components, electrical and control systems.
2. It describes the oil injected screw compressor as having a capacity of 1500 CFM@7.5Bar powered by a 250KW motor.
3. The key components are the suction air filter, unloading valve, compression unit, oil separator, oil cooler, oil filter and air cooler; and the compressor is controlled through a main control system that monitors sensors for temperature, pressure and alarms.
Positive displacement pumps move fluids by trapping a fixed volume and forcing that volume from the suction to discharge side. Reciprocating pumps, like piston pumps, use reciprocating motion powered by engines while rotary pumps use rotating components like gears or lobes. Piston pumps have two check valves and a reciprocating piston powered by translating rotary motion into linear motion. They can be direct or indirect acting, simplex or duplex, and single or double acting. Diaphragm pumps use a flexible diaphragm instead of pistons. Rotary pumps have gears, lobes, screws, cams, or vanes that rotate to trap and move fluid and include gear, lobe, screw, vane, and cam pumps
O documento descreve os componentes e tipos de bombas de engrenagem, incluindo suas vantagens, desvantagens, aplicações e manutenção. Detalha bombas volumétricas, dinâmicas e rotativas, com foco em bombas de engrenagem externa e interna. Discorre sobre componentes como retentores, gaxetas, selos mecânicos e mancais, além de causas de falhas e a importância da manutenção preventiva.
This document discusses pump selection and applications. It begins by outlining the chapter, which covers introductory concepts in pump selection, parameters to consider, types of pumps including positive displacement and kinetic pumps, and performance data for centrifugal pumps. The affinity laws relating speed, impeller diameter, capacity, head, and power for centrifugal pumps are also described. The chapter provides examples of pump performance curves and works through an example problem applying the affinity laws.
Pumps are mechanical devices that use external power to transfer fluids from one point to another. There are two main types of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps, rotary lobe pumps, progressing cavity pumps, piston/plunger pumps, dosing pumps, and vacuum pumps. Rotodynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps. Each pump type has different characteristics that make it suitable for various fluid transfer applications.
the presentation includes basic ideas about water pumps, various terminology generally used for the pumps, classification of pumps and ideas about the types its construction and working
Este manual traz informações importantes para o profissional da área de Manutenção Industrial. Ele foi preparado para uma consulta rápida, de grande utilidade no dia-a-dia.
Os temas foram abordados resumidamente porém, informações mais aprofundadas podem ser obtidas com o Grupo Técnico da Manutenção Industrial - Equipamentos Estáticos da Refinaria de Paulinia.
El documento proporciona información sobre la Serie 30/31 de válvulas de mariposa fabricadas por Bray Controls. Estas válvulas ofrecen mejor confiabilidad y vida útil debido a características como conexiones de vástago y disco resistentes, sellos primarios y secundarios efectivos, y asientos intercambiables. Además, las válvulas Bray cumplen con varios estándares internacionales y son compatibles con actuadores y bridas estándar.
The document provides an introduction to pump analysis. It discusses that the purpose of a pump is to increase the mechanical energy in a fluid by transporting it from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. It then covers key pumping concepts like capacity, head, efficiency, and power input. Specific types of pumps are defined, including centrifugal pumps which are most commonly used for wastewater applications. Methods for analyzing pump performance including head-capacity curves and affinity laws are also introduced.
The document provides an overview of a training course on analyzing and interpreting piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). It discusses the objectives of understanding P&IDs and their utilization. It then covers various topics related to P&IDs including an introduction, the different levels of diagrams, symbology and abbreviations, process control loops, how to read P&IDs, piping specifications and decoding, and interlock systems.
The document discusses compressor working principles and types. It provides the following key points:
1) There are two basic principles of air or gas compression: positive displacement and dynamic compression. Positive displacement compressors reduce volume to increase pressure while dynamic compressors convert velocity to pressure.
2) Compressor types include centrifugal and reciprocating compressors. Centrifugal compressors use radial diffusers to increase pressure via Bernoulli's principle while reciprocating compressors use pistons in cylinders.
3) Capacity control methods for compressors include inlet guide vanes, blow-off valves, and modulating control to vary output between 100% to 10%. Operating parameters like inlet pressure and temperature influence compressor flow and power requirements
This document does not provide any clear information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less. The document contains only blank lines without any words, sentences, or meaningful content that could be abstracted and summarized.
This document provides instructions for using the KIA CRT-3500 Common Rail Injector Tester. It describes the components included with the tester and outlines various tests that can be performed to diagnose issues with common rail diesel engines, including low and high pressure injection comparison tests, high pressure tests, injector back leak tests, cleaning and assembly procedures for injectors, and more. The summaries provided give an overview of the testing capabilities and procedures covered in the user manual.
This presentation provides information regarding the U.S. EPA's Tier III ruling which reduces the allowed sulfur concentrations in gasoline from an average of 30 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in Ultra Low Sulfur Gasoline (ULSG).
This document discusses challenges in obtaining accurate well test measurements and quicker analyses. It introduces a new non-radioactive multiphase flow meter (MPFM) that can provide instant well diagnostics without complex equipment or sampling. The MPFM uses proprietary modeling to identify flow regimes and measure dynamic properties. It has a range of 1-6 inches, works at pressures up to 5,000 psi and 300°F, and was proven on 76 wells to have liquid flow uncertainties of ±5.6%, water cut of ±2.5%, and gas flow of ±8.9% compared to test separators. The MPFM technology bridges gaps in flow measurement capabilities.
This document provides testing methods and procedures for remanufactured main pumps used in Komatsu construction machines. It contains the following key points:
1. The document outlines the test items, equipment, components, and procedures for evaluating remanufactured HPV95 + 95 pumps. This includes checking for abnormalities, measuring flow rates, and testing pressure control characteristics.
2. The testing is done using a Komatsu hydraulic test stand to simulate the pump operating conditions. Standards are provided to evaluate performance.
3. The document provides details on adjusting the pump to meet flow rate standards, including the adjustment screws used to set maximum and minimum flow. Precision is required when adjusting and measuring components.
Primary funding for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program is provided through member donations to the SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. Additional support comes from AIME. The program offers lectures from industry professionals on various topics, and is grateful to companies that allow their employees to participate as lecturers.
Metals Tensile Testing Standards: ISO 6892-1 ASTM E8/8M for Strain ControlInstron
Brief introduction into some of the changes and updates to both the ISO 6892-1 and ASTM E8/8M tensile testing standards for metals and ambient temperature, importantly strain control
IRJET- CFD Flow Analysis of Station PipelineIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the pressure, temperature, and velocity profiles within a station pipeline carrying fuel from booster pumps to a sample point, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three cases were analyzed representing different operating conditions of the booster pumps. The CFD model was developed in ANSYS and divided into two parts due to software limitations. Results showed the pathlines for pressure, temperature, and velocity within the pipeline for each case. Overall, the study used CFD to better understand fuel flow characteristics within the station pipeline under various pump operating scenarios.
Centrifugal pump health check up before startssuser0edfd7
This document discusses common problems with centrifugal pumps and possible solutions. It identifies the top five problems as: 1) performance issues, 2) high vibrations, 3) unusual sounds, 4) abnormal temperatures, and 5) excessive leakages. For each problem, it outlines potential causes and how to analyze the problem by monitoring relevant parameters. Correct diagnosis is important to prevent equipment damage and downtime. The document also provides background on pump components, classifications, and standards for vibration limits and temperatures.
This document summarizes a reliability-centered maintenance study of a gas compressor. The study conducted failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) using severity, occurrence, and detection ratings to identify and prioritize failure modes. Software analysis was also performed using Availability Workbench. For the two highest priority failures - a control valve and bearing - inspection was identified as the optimal maintenance strategy based on having the lowest cost and downtime compared to other strategies like planned maintenance or run-to-failure. The study aims to identify effective maintenance tasks to reduce production costs by lowering maintenance costs.
50% of pumping energy is wasted. The presentation by Mark Marsh of ERIKS, at the ERIKS and Festo ECO event, provided useful insights into stopping it happening.
Testing of Mixed Flow Vertical Turbine PumpIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the testing of a mixed flow vertical turbine pump. The pump was tested at Kirloskar Brothers Limited's Hydraulic Research Center to obtain performance data. A variety of instruments were used to measure discharge, head, power input, speed, vibration, and noise. Test results showed the pump operated at 87.5% efficiency at its duty point with acceptable vibration and noise levels. A performance curve was generated from test data that closely matched the required curve, demonstrating the pump would perform as intended.
Fluke Corporation: Gas Custody Transfer CalibrationTranscat
This document discusses calibration considerations for orifice plate based gas flow computers used in custody transfer applications. Differential pressure meters are commonly used despite ultrasonic meters having advantages. Calibration is important due to the financial impact of errors in custody transfer measurements. Test equipment selection depends on the type of inputs to the flow computer. Procedures involve verifying and adjusting pressure, temperature, and current inputs through multiple measurement points. Safety, isolation, and proper setup are important to get accurate results and verify calibrations.
This document provides a test plan for a Perkins Vista A 105HP fuel injection pump with specifications and procedures. It lists the pump rotation as clockwise, governor spring position as 5, and plunger diameter as 7.0 mm. The test conditions are specified as ISO 4113 fluid at 40°C, 0.3 bar inlet pressure, and specific nozzle and holder components. The test procedures include measuring delivery, governor response, cut-off, idle delivery, shut-off, timing, and overcheck values to validate the pump settings.
This document discusses how to optimize energy usage in pumps through condition monitoring techniques. Pumps use 25% of the world's motor-driven electricity, or around 6.5% of global electricity production. Condition monitoring can detect degradation in bearings, casing wear, misalignment, and internal wear in impellers and seals. Performance analysis by measuring head-flow curves is particularly useful for detecting internal wear and optimizing the timing of pump overhauls to balance repair costs and wasted energy. The document provides examples of using performance analysis on boiler feed pumps to schedule optimal overhaul times that minimize total costs.
This service manual covers Clark PWT tow tractors and PWC center controlled pallet trucks manufactured after 1989, providing specifications and maintenance information. Standard PWT models have a 1.0 or 2.5 HP motor and can tow up to 10,000 pounds, while PWC models have a 2.5 HP motor and 6000 or 8000 pound capacity. The document includes sections on general information, electrical systems, hydraulics, drive systems, brakes, steering, load carriers, frames, and optional equipment.
This service manual provides maintenance and repair information for PWT tow tractors and PWC center controlled pallet trucks, including specifications for electrical systems, dimensions, capacities, component details, and a list of required tools. Standard specifications are provided for models of both the PWT and PWC, including motor type, gear ratios, speeds, dimensions, weight, battery options, tire types, and performance capacities. The document also includes sections on record keeping, torque charts, and maintenance recommendations to assist technicians in properly servicing the equipment.
This service manual provides maintenance and repair information for PWT tow tractors and PWC center controlled pallet trucks, including specifications for electrical systems, dimensions, capacities, component details, and a list of required tools. Standard specifications are provided for models of both the PWT and PWC, including motor type, gear ratios, speeds, dimensions, weight, battery options, tire types, and performance capacities. The document also includes sections on record keeping, torque charts, and maintenance recommendations to assist technicians in properly servicing the equipment.
This service manual provides maintenance and repair information for PWT tow tractors and PWC center controlled pallet trucks, including specifications for electrical systems, dimensions, capacities, component details, and a list of required tools. Standard specifications are provided for models of both the PWT and PWC, including motor type, gear ratios, speeds, dimensions, weight, battery options, tire types, and performance capacities. The document also includes sections on record keeping, torque charts, and maintenance recommendations to assist technicians in properly servicing the equipment.
This service manual covers Clark PWT tow tractors and PWC center controlled pallet trucks manufactured after 1989, providing specifications and maintenance information. Standard PWT models have a 1.0 or 2.5 HP motor and can tow up to 10,000 lbs, while PWC models have a 2.5 HP motor and 6000 or 8000 lb capacity. The document includes sections on general information, electrical systems, hydraulics, drive systems, brakes, steering, load carriers, frames, and optional equipment.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
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Pumps Testing
1. Making Sense of Pump
Testing Standards:
How understanding standards
can impact the bottom line
October 22, 2013
Simon Bradshaw Stan Knecht
Director, API Product Director, Product Marketing
Development & Technology ITT Goulds Pumps
ITT Goulds Pumps
2. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Agenda
• Overview of new testing standards used in the market today
• Testing tolerances: Why they’re needed and how they work
• Understanding how tolerances impact the product received and plant
operating performance
• Which performance standards to specify, and how
2
3. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Overview:ANSI/HI 14.6-2011
• The ANSI/HI Standard 14.6-2011
is intended to be used for
centrifugal pump acceptance
testing at recognized pump test
facilities (i.e., a manufacturer’s
facility or test laboratory).
• HI 14.6-2011 is available for
download at www.pumps.org.
3
4. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Why Do We Need Tolerances?
4
• There is no such thing as a perfect cast or machined part. Everything is
subject to some variation.
• The combination of variations in the pump impeller, pump casing and
overall assembly yield a scatter in performance.
• The test loop components and
instrumentation introduce further
variability and scatter.
• The scatter can be reduced by
better manufacturing techniques
(i.e., investment cast impellers
instead of sand cast ones).
• Better manufacturing and test
techniques typically cost more.
5. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
• HI 14.6-2011 “American National Standard for Rotodynamic Pumps
for Hydraulic Performance Acceptance Tests”* (supersedes HI 1.6
and 2.6)
• API 610 11th edition
• ISO 9906-2012 “Rotodynamic pumps – Hydraulic performance
acceptance tests”*
• The direction is toward one worldwide standard for pump acceptance
testing.
*In practice HI 14.6-2011 ~ ISO 9906-2012 with common acceptance criteria
Hydraulic Institute, API And ISO Pump
Performance Standards
5
6. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Previous Testing Standards
6
• HI Standard 1.6-2000 (for centrifugal pumps) had two acceptance levels:
Level A: (default level) At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a
positive tolerance for head, flow and efficiency, but no negative tolerance.
Level B: At a rated head or rated flow (not both), it allowed for a positive and
negative tolerance for head, flow and efficiency.
• HI Standard 2.6 (for vertical pumps) had an acceptance standard the same
sas Level A.
• ISO 9906-1999 had two acceptance levels:
Grade 1 and Grade 2
Both had bilateral tolerances for rated head or rated flow and allowed a
negative tolerance on efficiency.
• All the above standards are withdrawn and considered obsolete.
7. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Other Pump Testing Standards You May Encounter
• ASME PTC 8.2: Mainly used on
testing of larger pumps for power
station application
• DIN 1944: Obsolete and replaced
by ISO 9906
• ISO 2548: Withdrawn and replaced
by ISO 9906
• ISO 3555: Withdrawn and replaced
by ISO 9906
7
8. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
HI 14.6-2011 & ISO 9906-2012(E)
8
Test
Parameter
Guarantee
Requirement
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Flow
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Total
Head
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Powera
Optional
(either/or)
tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% -0% -5% -5% -7%
• The power and efficiency tolerances are not the result of an exact calculation using
the maximum values of a related column. They are instead reflecting real life
experience. For grade 1E and 1U, no negative tolerance on efficiency is allowed.
• Note: All tolerances are percentages of values guaranteed.
• Unless agreed upon with the buyer, any other specified duty points are subject
to acceptance grade 3B.
9. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
HI 1.6-2000 level A to HI 14.6-2011 1U
9
• The old level A is converted to Grade
1U.
• The acceptance bands currently don’t
change with rated head or flow.
• You can now specify either a power or
efficiency tolerance – not both.
Test
Parameter
Guarantee
Requirement
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Flow
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Total
Head
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Powera
Optional
(either/or)
tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%
Pump
rated Head
ft
(m)
< 200
(<60)
< 200
(<60)
200 to 500
(60 to 150)
>500
(>150)
Pump
rated Flow
gpm
(m3/h)
0 to 2999
(0 to 680)
>=3000
(>=681)
All All
Total Head tH (%) 0% to +8% 0% to +5% 0% to +5% 0% to +3%
Rate of
Flow
tQ (%) 0% to +10%
Efficiency t (%) -0%
10. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
HI 1.6-2000 level B to HI 14.6-2011
10
• There is no close equivalent of Level B
in the new standard.
• You need to pick the grade that best
meets your needs.
Pump
rated Head
ft
(m)
< 200
(<60)
< 200
(<60)
200 to 500
(60 to 150)
>500
(>150)
Pump
rated Flow
gpm
(m3/h)
0 to 2999
(0 to 680)
>=3000
(>=681)
All
Total Head tH (%) -3% to +5% 0% to +3%
Rate of
Flow
tQ (%) -5% to +5%
Efficiency t (%) - 100/[(120/ηp)-0.2]%
??
Test
Parameter
Guarantee
Requirement
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Flow
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Total
Head
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Powera
Optional
(either/or)
tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%
11. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
ISO 9906-1999 to HI 14.6-2011/ISO 9906-2012
11
• The old Grade 1 is now Grade 1B, with
a rounding of the head tolerance.
• The old Grade 2 is now Grade 2B.
• You can now specify either a power
or efficiency tolerance – not both.
Test
Parameter
Guarantee
Requirement
Grade Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
∆tQ 10% 16% 18%
∆tH 6% 10% 14%
Acceptance Grade
Symbol 1B 1E 1U 2B 2U 3B
Rate of
Flow
Mandatory tQ (%) ± 5% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 8% 0% to +16% ± 9%
Total
Head
Mandatory tH (%) ± 3% ± 3% 0% to +6% ± 5% 0% to +10% ± 7%
Powera
Optional
(either/or)
tP (%) +4% +4% +10% +8% +16% +9%
Efficiencya t (%) -3% -0% - 0% -5% -5% -7%
Grade 1
Total Head tH (%) ± 3%
Rate of
Flow
tQ (%) ± 4.5%
Efficiency t (%) -3%
Grade 2
Total Head tH (%) ± 5%
Rate of
Flow
tQ (%) ± 8%
Efficiency t (%) -5%
12. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
API 610 8th-10th / 11th edition
12
• API 610 8th through 10th edition had
distinct tolerances.
• API 610 11th edition is functionally
equivalent to HI 14.6-2011and ISO
9906-2012 Grade 1B, with an added
test point for shutoff head.
• API 610 does not have a rated flow
tolerance, making it unsuitable for
testing high specific speed pumps.
• API 610 does not have any guarantee
of efficiency (only power), making it
unsuitable for efficiency-critical
applications.
API 610 8th, 9th, 10th Edition
Pump rated
Head
ft
(m)
< 500
(<150)
501 to 1000
(151 to 300)
> 1000
(> 300)
Total Head tH (%) -2% to +5% -2% to +3% -2% to +2%
Shutoff Head tHS (%)
-10% to
+10%
-8% to +8% -5% to +5%
Power tP (%) +4%
API 610 11th Edition
Pump rated
Head
ft
(m)
<=250
(<=75)
>250 to 1000
(>75 to 300)
> 1000
(> 300)
Total Head tH (%) -3% to +3%
Shutoff Head tHS (%)
-10% to
+10%
-8% to +8% -5% to +5%
Power tP (%) +4%
13. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
HI 14.6-2011 Recommended Default Acceptance
Grade Based On Purchaser's Intended Service
Default acceptance grade based on purchaser's intended service
Application
Rated shaft power of pump
>10 to 100kW
(13 to 134 hp)
>100kW
(134 hp)
Municipal water
and wastewater 2B 1B
Building trades and
HVAC 2B 1B
Electric power
industry 1B 1B
Oil and gas industry
API pumps 1B 1B
Pipeline 1B 1B
Water injection Not applicable 1B
Chemical industry 2B 2B
Cooling tower 2B 2B
Pulp and paper 2B 2B
Slurry 3B 3B
General industry 3B 2B
Dewatering,
drainage and
irrigation 3B 2B
Pumps not listed
above 3B 2B
Note: This table applies where a guarantee point has been agreed
upon, but no tolerance standard has been specified.
13
• Both HI 14.6 and ISO 9906 set a
default test tolerance when it is not
defined by the purchaser.
• The default tolerance may not be
sufficient for your process.
• It is important that you actively review
what tolerance you require.
14. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Category
ANSI Process
Pump
Large
Process
ISO 5199
Process
Pump
Vertical
Turbine/
Can
Multi-
stage
Double
Suction
Pump
Slurry
Pumps
API
Axial
Flow
Model
3196, 3796,
CV3196
LF3196
3996, 3298
3180/85,
3175
IC, ICP
ICM
VIT
VIC
3355,
3393
3410,
3409,
3420,
3498
XHD,5500,
SRL, JC,
VJC
3700,3910
3620,
3600,
7200
AF
ITT
Default
Std
1U
(1B future)
(HI 14.6)
1B
(HI 14.6)
2B
(ISO 9906)
API 610
11th Ed/
1B/2B
1B
(HI 14.6)
1B
(HI 14.6)
2B
(HI 14.6)
API 610
11th Ed.
2B
(HI 14.6)
ITT Default Performance Standards
14
15. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Make Sure You Understand What Is Being
Quoted To You By Your Supplier
• If you have not specified any performance criteria, what
is the supplier standard ?
• This should be identified either in the supplier proposal
or on the performance curve submitted with the bid.
• This is a critical question to ask, whether you are
purchasing a performance test or not.
• Note: It is common practice in the pump industry that all
pumps are not performance tested as standard. Many
pump manufacturers can rely on historical test data to
assure pump performance quality.
• However, all industrial pumps are pressure tested as
standard to ensure safety and structural integrity.
15
16. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Typical Pump Proposal Datasheet
16
17. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard
17
Curve says 87% efficiency…
…if there’s no negative efficiency tolerance.
18. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To HI 14.6-2011 1U Tolerance Standard
18
• The HQ curve must pass
through at least one of the
red lines representing the
flow and head tolerance.
• The power curve must
pass through the vertical
red line representing the
power tolerance.
OR
• The efficiency curve must
pass through the vertical
red line representing the
efficiency tolerance.
19. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard
19
Curve could say 90.5% efficiency…
…if there’s a negative efficiency tolerance allowed by standard used.
20. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Curve Drawn To ISO Grade 2B Tolerance Standard
20
• The HQ curve must
pass through at least
one of the red lines
representing the flow
and head tolerance.
• The power curve must
pass through the
vertical red line
representing the power
tolerance.
OR
• The efficiency curve
must pass through the
vertical red line
representing the
efficiency tolerance.
21. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Life Cycle Cost Impact Of Higher Power
21
www.realgouldsparts.com/calculators-apps
22. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Other Pump Tests That May Be Specified
22
Type of Test HI 14.6-2011
ISO 9906-
2012(E)
API 610 11th
Edition
HI 9.6.4-2009
ISO 9908, 5199,
9905
ISO 3740,
3744, 3746
Hydrostatic
Test
P, A P, A
NPSH Test P, A P, A P, A
Vibration Test P, A P, A P, A
Sound Level
(Noise) Test
P P
Mechanical
Run Test
P, A P, A
String Test P
P = Test procedure is defined
A = Acceptance level is defined
23. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
Key Takeaways
• New pump performance standards
from both HI and ISO have been
aligned to make it easier to specify
reliable and predictable pump
performance on a global basis.
• It’s important to understand what
performance will be provided if no
pump performance is specified–default standards can apply.
• Most performance standards allow for bi-lateral tolerance, which can impact life
cycle costs, as well as system performance.
23
24. Making Sense of Pump Testing Standards: How understanding standards can impact the bottom line
A recording of this presentation will be
available on www.gouldspumps.com after
Friday, October 25th.
Questions?
24
For more information, contact:
ITT Goulds Pumps
IP.communications@itt.com