This document provides an overview of arterial blood pressure monitoring. It discusses the history and development of non-invasive blood pressure measurement techniques. It then focuses on the components, principles, and technical aspects of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring using an intra-arterial catheter connected to a transducer system. Key points covered include the components of the measuring system, optimizing the system's natural frequency and damping, and the importance of zeroing and leveling the transducer.
Patient monitoring involves both non-instrumental and instrumental assessment. Non-instrumental monitoring includes visual observation of factors like respiratory pattern, bleeding, and IV lines. Instrumental monitoring provides quantitative data through devices like ECG, blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximetry, capnography, and muscle relaxation monitors. Together, non-instrumental and instrumental monitoring provide clinicians with vital information about patients' physiological status to guide care in settings like operating rooms and intensive care.
An anesthesia workstation integrates components for anesthesia administration into one unit. It consists of an anesthesia machine, vaporizers, ventilator, breathing system, scavenging system, and monitors. Key components include the gas supply system, which receives gases from cylinders and pipelines and regulates pressures, and the vaporizer manifold and anesthetic vaporizers. Modern workstations have additional safety features to prevent delivery of hypoxic gas mixtures and other hazards.
This document provides information on compressed medical gases used in anesthesia. It discusses various pressure units like PSI, PSIG and PSID. It describes properties of common medical gases like oxygen, nitrous oxide and differences between gases and vapors. The document outlines cylinder construction materials, sizes and labeling requirements. It also summarizes safe practices for gas storage, cylinder transportation, connection and disconnection.
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood. It uses light transmitted through tissue to determine the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin. A pulse oximeter reading below 90% may indicate hypoxemia. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like low perfusion, dyshemoglobinemias, or artificial nail finishes. Immediate actions for extremely low saturations include checking ABCs. A reading that improves with supplemental oxygen but remains low implies severe hypoxemia. Readings are lost after cardiac arrest and saturations decrease after respiratory arrest until cardiac arrest occurs.
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRTRanjith Thampi
This document discusses non-invasive and invasive blood pressure monitoring. Non-invasive methods include auscultation, oscillometry, plethysmography, and tonometry. Invasive arterial monitoring requires arterial catheterization, usually in the radial, femoral, axillary, or brachial arteries. It provides accurate continuous readings and is used when frequent measurements are needed. Factors like waveforms, technical maintenance like patency, leveling, and zeroing affect accuracy. Invasive monitoring carries risks but provides benefits for critically ill patients that require close blood pressure monitoring.
The document discusses various paediatric breathing circuits used in anaesthesia. It describes the key components and classifications of breathing circuits. The most commonly used circuits include the Mapleson A (Magill) system, which is best for spontaneous breathing but requires high fresh gas flows. The Mapleson D and Bain circuits are efferent reservoir systems that work efficiently for controlled ventilation. The Ayre's T-piece is a simple no-valve circuit designed for paediatric use. The document provides details on the construction, functioning and advantages of these different breathing circuit designs.
The document discusses different types of breathing circuits used in anesthesia. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of a breathing circuit, which delivers oxygen and anesthetic gases to patients while removing carbon dioxide. Circuits are classified as open, semi-open, semi-closed, or closed based on how exhaust gases are handled. Several specific circuit types are then outlined in detail, including the Mapleson A, Bain, Ayres T-piece, and Jackson-Rees systems. Key features and uses of each system are provided. Semi-closed circuits are explained as using a carbon dioxide absorber to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gases so they can be rebreathed, allowing for lower fresh gas flow rates than open systems
This document provides an overview of arterial blood pressure monitoring. It discusses the history and development of non-invasive blood pressure measurement techniques. It then focuses on the components, principles, and technical aspects of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring using an intra-arterial catheter connected to a transducer system. Key points covered include the components of the measuring system, optimizing the system's natural frequency and damping, and the importance of zeroing and leveling the transducer.
Patient monitoring involves both non-instrumental and instrumental assessment. Non-instrumental monitoring includes visual observation of factors like respiratory pattern, bleeding, and IV lines. Instrumental monitoring provides quantitative data through devices like ECG, blood pressure cuffs, pulse oximetry, capnography, and muscle relaxation monitors. Together, non-instrumental and instrumental monitoring provide clinicians with vital information about patients' physiological status to guide care in settings like operating rooms and intensive care.
An anesthesia workstation integrates components for anesthesia administration into one unit. It consists of an anesthesia machine, vaporizers, ventilator, breathing system, scavenging system, and monitors. Key components include the gas supply system, which receives gases from cylinders and pipelines and regulates pressures, and the vaporizer manifold and anesthetic vaporizers. Modern workstations have additional safety features to prevent delivery of hypoxic gas mixtures and other hazards.
This document provides information on compressed medical gases used in anesthesia. It discusses various pressure units like PSI, PSIG and PSID. It describes properties of common medical gases like oxygen, nitrous oxide and differences between gases and vapors. The document outlines cylinder construction materials, sizes and labeling requirements. It also summarizes safe practices for gas storage, cylinder transportation, connection and disconnection.
Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method to measure oxygen saturation in the blood. It uses light transmitted through tissue to determine the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin. A pulse oximeter reading below 90% may indicate hypoxemia. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors like low perfusion, dyshemoglobinemias, or artificial nail finishes. Immediate actions for extremely low saturations include checking ABCs. A reading that improves with supplemental oxygen but remains low implies severe hypoxemia. Readings are lost after cardiac arrest and saturations decrease after respiratory arrest until cardiac arrest occurs.
Non Invasive and Invasive Blood pressure monitoring RRTRanjith Thampi
This document discusses non-invasive and invasive blood pressure monitoring. Non-invasive methods include auscultation, oscillometry, plethysmography, and tonometry. Invasive arterial monitoring requires arterial catheterization, usually in the radial, femoral, axillary, or brachial arteries. It provides accurate continuous readings and is used when frequent measurements are needed. Factors like waveforms, technical maintenance like patency, leveling, and zeroing affect accuracy. Invasive monitoring carries risks but provides benefits for critically ill patients that require close blood pressure monitoring.
The document discusses various paediatric breathing circuits used in anaesthesia. It describes the key components and classifications of breathing circuits. The most commonly used circuits include the Mapleson A (Magill) system, which is best for spontaneous breathing but requires high fresh gas flows. The Mapleson D and Bain circuits are efferent reservoir systems that work efficiently for controlled ventilation. The Ayre's T-piece is a simple no-valve circuit designed for paediatric use. The document provides details on the construction, functioning and advantages of these different breathing circuit designs.
The document discusses different types of breathing circuits used in anesthesia. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of a breathing circuit, which delivers oxygen and anesthetic gases to patients while removing carbon dioxide. Circuits are classified as open, semi-open, semi-closed, or closed based on how exhaust gases are handled. Several specific circuit types are then outlined in detail, including the Mapleson A, Bain, Ayres T-piece, and Jackson-Rees systems. Key features and uses of each system are provided. Semi-closed circuits are explained as using a carbon dioxide absorber to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gases so they can be rebreathed, allowing for lower fresh gas flow rates than open systems
The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate & continuous supply of medical gases(such as O2 & NO2)mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour(such as halothane,isoflurane)& deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure & flow.
Modern machine incorporate a ventilator,suction unit & patient monitoring devices.
Humidifier Moisture Exchange (HME) filters help humidify gases delivered to patients. They contain materials like ceramic fiber or silica gel that absorb moisture from exhaled gases and release it to inhaled gases. This process humidifies the gases and helps maintain mucosal integrity and ciliary function in the lungs. HME filters also act as microbial filters, reducing transmission of bacteria and viruses through the breathing circuit with over 99.99% efficiency. While easy to use and disposable, HME filters need replacing every 24 hours and can increase resistance to gas flow.
Humidifiers in anaesthesia and critical careTuhin Mistry
Humidification of inhaled gases has been standard of care during mechanical ventilation in anaesthesia and intensive care. Active & Passive humidification devices have rapidly evolved. basic knowledge of the mechanisms of action of each of these devices, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, becomes a necessity for anaesthesiologists and intensivists.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
This document provides information on pulse oximetry and capnography. It discusses the history and development of pulse oximetry, how it works using spectrophotometry and plethysmography, different probe sites, standards, uses, limitations and new developments. It also briefly introduces capnography and defines key terms like capnometry, capnometer and capnograph.
The key points of the document are:
1) The most important part of pre-use checks on an anesthesia workstation is verifying the presence of a self-inflating resuscitation bag in case of issues with ventilation or oxygenation.
2) An ideal vaporizer would maintain a constant output concentration regardless of changes in gas flow, temperature, pressure, or carrier gas composition, but real vaporizers are affected by these factors.
3) Modern vaporizers use various techniques like temperature compensation and automatic controls to minimize fluctuations in vapor concentration due to changes in ambient conditions.
Low flow anaesthesia systems aim to reuse exhaled gases and minimize fresh gas flow. John Snow recognized in 1850 that most inhaled anaesthetics are exhaled unchanged, and rebreathing exhaled gases could prolong their effects. Developments over the 20th century led to widespread use of circle absorption systems. Factors like cost and pollution concerns have renewed interest in low flow anaesthesia. It requires a well-functioning circle system, gas monitoring, and attention to factors like circuit volume and gas solubility when initiating and maintaining the desired anaesthetic concentrations with minimal fresh gas flows.
This document discusses various types of vaporizers used to deliver anesthetic gases. It begins with an overview of vaporizers, their classification, and the physics principles underlying their function. It then examines specific vaporizers in more detail, including the Goldman, Boyle's bottle, copper kettle, TEC, and EMO models. For each vaporizer, the document outlines their design, method of vaporization, temperature compensation, advantages and limitations. It focuses on key aspects such as safety, accuracy, and how various design features impact anesthetic delivery.
This document discusses low-flow and minimal-flow anesthesia techniques. It begins by defining low-flow as a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and minimal-flow as 0.5 L/min. Rebreathing systems allow reuse of exhaled gases after removal of carbon dioxide. Using these techniques can reduce costs by 55-75% and minimize environmental pollution from volatile anesthetic gases. Proper monitoring and maintenance of breathing gas conditions is important for patient safety when using low fresh gas flows.
The Anesthesiologist, especially young, faces a major challenge when faced with very ill/ severly moribund, elderly, cachwexic patients with history of fall and lower extremity fractures for elective or ortho surgical procedure. Prof. mridul m. panditrao, explains various problems faced especially with GA, and the best alternatives. Two different approaches of Combined spinal epidual are discussed, with use of adjuvants and also his own randomizede trial and experience.
The anaesthetic machine (UK English) or anesthesia machine (US English) or Boyle's machine is used by anaesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, and anaesthesiologist assistants to support the administration of anaesthesia. The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide), mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient monitoring devices.
This document discusses the circle system used in anesthesia. It describes the components of the circle system including the absorber, canisters, unidirectional valves, fresh gas inlet, adjustable pressure limiting valve, and reservoir bag. It explains how the circle system works and how it can be configured as a closed, semi-closed, or semi-open system depending on the fresh gas flow. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the circle system and components like the absorber, how it neutralizes carbon dioxide, and factors that influence compound A and carbon monoxide formation.
This document discusses non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. It provides a brief history of blood pressure measurement and describes common techniques like auscultation of Korotkoff sounds. Key factors for accurate measurement are described, including patient position, cuff size selection, and taking multiple readings. Alternative non-invasive methods like Doppler, oscillometry, and tonometry are also summarized. Categories of blood pressure in adults are also presented.
The 2000 ASTM F1850-00 standard states that anesthesia gas supply devices must be designed so that whenever oxygen supply pressure is reduced below the manufacturer's minimum specification, the delivered oxygen concentration does not decrease below 19% at the common gas outlet. The standard also requires alarms to sound within 5 seconds if oxygen supply pressure falls below approximately 200 kPa. Safety features of anesthesia machines include oxygen/nitrous oxide proportioning systems, oxygen failure safety devices, oxygen supply failure alarms, and vaporizer interlocks.
The document discusses anesthesia techniques for procedures outside the operating room in various clinical settings. It outlines the challenges of providing anesthesia outside the OR including lack of adequate space, unfamiliar equipment, and difficulties in patient positioning and monitoring. It then provides details on anesthesia considerations and plans for specific procedures in cardiology, psychiatry, plastic surgery, and radiology departments. These include techniques for angiography, electroconvulsive therapy, burn dressings, CT scans, MRI scans, and radiation therapy. Monitoring standards, equipment needs, and drug choices are discussed for safely providing anesthesia for each type of external procedure.
Bougie, trachlite , laryngeal tube , combitube , i gel ,truviewDhritiman Chakrabarti
The document discusses various supraglottic airway devices including the bougie, tracheal light, laryngeal tube, and combitube.
The bougie is an intubation aid that is inserted through the vocal cords to help guide placement of an endotracheal tube. The tracheal light uses transillumination to help visualize placement of an endotracheal tube in difficult airways. The laryngeal tube is a new supraglottic airway device made of silicone that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation or laryngeal mask airway placement. The combitube is a double lumen tube that can provide ventilation whether placed in the trachea or esoph
Delivering only intended gases from the anaesthesia workstationDhritiman Chakrabarti
This document discusses various safety features of gas delivery equipment used in anesthesia to help ensure only the intended gas is delivered. It covers cylinder safety features like colour coding, labelling, valve connections, and pin index systems. It also discusses pipeline safety features to prevent misconnections, including the diameter index safety system (DISS) and quick connectors. Issues like cross-connections at supply manifolds and terminal units are addressed. User precautions are outlined to help avoid delivery of unintended gases.
This document provides an overview of monitoring depth of anesthesia. It discusses the aims of monitoring to ensure patient safety and prevent awareness during surgery. It reviews the historical background of defining anesthesia stages. Modern concepts view anesthesia as a complex interaction between stimuli, patient responses, and drug-induced effects. Factors like patient characteristics, drug combinations, and surgery duration impact correct drug dosing. Memory is gradually impaired with deeper anesthesia levels before autonomic responses. The document outlines stages of awareness and discusses specific drugs' relationships to anesthesia depth.
The document provides an introduction to patient monitoring in anesthesia. It discusses the importance of monitoring to detect potential issues and outlines the key physiological parameters that should be monitored, including circulation, ventilation, oxygenation, and temperature. It also describes the various equipment and methods used for monitoring these parameters in both the past and present.
The document defines and describes breathing systems used in anesthesia. It discusses the purpose of breathing systems to deliver anesthetic gases and oxygen safely. The key components and requirements of breathing systems are explained, including minimizing resistance to gas flow. Different types of breathing systems are classified and their mechanisms and advantages/disadvantages are summarized.
Unit –IV Nursing Management oragnization M,Sc II year 2023.pptxanjalatchi
Organization is aprocess of grouping the necessary responsibilities and activities into workable units, determining the lines of authority and communication and developing patterns of coordination." "It is conscious development of role structures of superior and subordinate, line and staff. "
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL NURSES WEEK SPEECH 12.5.23.pptxanjalatchi
The document discusses the International and National Nurses Week celebration from May 6-12, 2023. It outlines the theme of "Our Nurses. Our Future." and emphasizes protecting, respecting, and valuing nurses. It also remembers Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. The speech discusses credentialing, privileging, and self-care for physical, mental, and emotional health as important for the nursing profession. It outlines the broad scope and opportunities for nurses in India and globally.
The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate & continuous supply of medical gases(such as O2 & NO2)mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour(such as halothane,isoflurane)& deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure & flow.
Modern machine incorporate a ventilator,suction unit & patient monitoring devices.
Humidifier Moisture Exchange (HME) filters help humidify gases delivered to patients. They contain materials like ceramic fiber or silica gel that absorb moisture from exhaled gases and release it to inhaled gases. This process humidifies the gases and helps maintain mucosal integrity and ciliary function in the lungs. HME filters also act as microbial filters, reducing transmission of bacteria and viruses through the breathing circuit with over 99.99% efficiency. While easy to use and disposable, HME filters need replacing every 24 hours and can increase resistance to gas flow.
Humidifiers in anaesthesia and critical careTuhin Mistry
Humidification of inhaled gases has been standard of care during mechanical ventilation in anaesthesia and intensive care. Active & Passive humidification devices have rapidly evolved. basic knowledge of the mechanisms of action of each of these devices, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, becomes a necessity for anaesthesiologists and intensivists.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
This document provides information on pulse oximetry and capnography. It discusses the history and development of pulse oximetry, how it works using spectrophotometry and plethysmography, different probe sites, standards, uses, limitations and new developments. It also briefly introduces capnography and defines key terms like capnometry, capnometer and capnograph.
The key points of the document are:
1) The most important part of pre-use checks on an anesthesia workstation is verifying the presence of a self-inflating resuscitation bag in case of issues with ventilation or oxygenation.
2) An ideal vaporizer would maintain a constant output concentration regardless of changes in gas flow, temperature, pressure, or carrier gas composition, but real vaporizers are affected by these factors.
3) Modern vaporizers use various techniques like temperature compensation and automatic controls to minimize fluctuations in vapor concentration due to changes in ambient conditions.
Low flow anaesthesia systems aim to reuse exhaled gases and minimize fresh gas flow. John Snow recognized in 1850 that most inhaled anaesthetics are exhaled unchanged, and rebreathing exhaled gases could prolong their effects. Developments over the 20th century led to widespread use of circle absorption systems. Factors like cost and pollution concerns have renewed interest in low flow anaesthesia. It requires a well-functioning circle system, gas monitoring, and attention to factors like circuit volume and gas solubility when initiating and maintaining the desired anaesthetic concentrations with minimal fresh gas flows.
This document discusses various types of vaporizers used to deliver anesthetic gases. It begins with an overview of vaporizers, their classification, and the physics principles underlying their function. It then examines specific vaporizers in more detail, including the Goldman, Boyle's bottle, copper kettle, TEC, and EMO models. For each vaporizer, the document outlines their design, method of vaporization, temperature compensation, advantages and limitations. It focuses on key aspects such as safety, accuracy, and how various design features impact anesthetic delivery.
This document discusses low-flow and minimal-flow anesthesia techniques. It begins by defining low-flow as a fresh gas flow of 1 L/min and minimal-flow as 0.5 L/min. Rebreathing systems allow reuse of exhaled gases after removal of carbon dioxide. Using these techniques can reduce costs by 55-75% and minimize environmental pollution from volatile anesthetic gases. Proper monitoring and maintenance of breathing gas conditions is important for patient safety when using low fresh gas flows.
The Anesthesiologist, especially young, faces a major challenge when faced with very ill/ severly moribund, elderly, cachwexic patients with history of fall and lower extremity fractures for elective or ortho surgical procedure. Prof. mridul m. panditrao, explains various problems faced especially with GA, and the best alternatives. Two different approaches of Combined spinal epidual are discussed, with use of adjuvants and also his own randomizede trial and experience.
The anaesthetic machine (UK English) or anesthesia machine (US English) or Boyle's machine is used by anaesthesiologists, nurse anaesthetists, and anaesthesiologist assistants to support the administration of anaesthesia. The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide), mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient monitoring devices.
This document discusses the circle system used in anesthesia. It describes the components of the circle system including the absorber, canisters, unidirectional valves, fresh gas inlet, adjustable pressure limiting valve, and reservoir bag. It explains how the circle system works and how it can be configured as a closed, semi-closed, or semi-open system depending on the fresh gas flow. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the circle system and components like the absorber, how it neutralizes carbon dioxide, and factors that influence compound A and carbon monoxide formation.
This document discusses non-invasive blood pressure monitoring. It provides a brief history of blood pressure measurement and describes common techniques like auscultation of Korotkoff sounds. Key factors for accurate measurement are described, including patient position, cuff size selection, and taking multiple readings. Alternative non-invasive methods like Doppler, oscillometry, and tonometry are also summarized. Categories of blood pressure in adults are also presented.
The 2000 ASTM F1850-00 standard states that anesthesia gas supply devices must be designed so that whenever oxygen supply pressure is reduced below the manufacturer's minimum specification, the delivered oxygen concentration does not decrease below 19% at the common gas outlet. The standard also requires alarms to sound within 5 seconds if oxygen supply pressure falls below approximately 200 kPa. Safety features of anesthesia machines include oxygen/nitrous oxide proportioning systems, oxygen failure safety devices, oxygen supply failure alarms, and vaporizer interlocks.
The document discusses anesthesia techniques for procedures outside the operating room in various clinical settings. It outlines the challenges of providing anesthesia outside the OR including lack of adequate space, unfamiliar equipment, and difficulties in patient positioning and monitoring. It then provides details on anesthesia considerations and plans for specific procedures in cardiology, psychiatry, plastic surgery, and radiology departments. These include techniques for angiography, electroconvulsive therapy, burn dressings, CT scans, MRI scans, and radiation therapy. Monitoring standards, equipment needs, and drug choices are discussed for safely providing anesthesia for each type of external procedure.
Bougie, trachlite , laryngeal tube , combitube , i gel ,truviewDhritiman Chakrabarti
The document discusses various supraglottic airway devices including the bougie, tracheal light, laryngeal tube, and combitube.
The bougie is an intubation aid that is inserted through the vocal cords to help guide placement of an endotracheal tube. The tracheal light uses transillumination to help visualize placement of an endotracheal tube in difficult airways. The laryngeal tube is a new supraglottic airway device made of silicone that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation or laryngeal mask airway placement. The combitube is a double lumen tube that can provide ventilation whether placed in the trachea or esoph
Delivering only intended gases from the anaesthesia workstationDhritiman Chakrabarti
This document discusses various safety features of gas delivery equipment used in anesthesia to help ensure only the intended gas is delivered. It covers cylinder safety features like colour coding, labelling, valve connections, and pin index systems. It also discusses pipeline safety features to prevent misconnections, including the diameter index safety system (DISS) and quick connectors. Issues like cross-connections at supply manifolds and terminal units are addressed. User precautions are outlined to help avoid delivery of unintended gases.
This document provides an overview of monitoring depth of anesthesia. It discusses the aims of monitoring to ensure patient safety and prevent awareness during surgery. It reviews the historical background of defining anesthesia stages. Modern concepts view anesthesia as a complex interaction between stimuli, patient responses, and drug-induced effects. Factors like patient characteristics, drug combinations, and surgery duration impact correct drug dosing. Memory is gradually impaired with deeper anesthesia levels before autonomic responses. The document outlines stages of awareness and discusses specific drugs' relationships to anesthesia depth.
The document provides an introduction to patient monitoring in anesthesia. It discusses the importance of monitoring to detect potential issues and outlines the key physiological parameters that should be monitored, including circulation, ventilation, oxygenation, and temperature. It also describes the various equipment and methods used for monitoring these parameters in both the past and present.
The document defines and describes breathing systems used in anesthesia. It discusses the purpose of breathing systems to deliver anesthetic gases and oxygen safely. The key components and requirements of breathing systems are explained, including minimizing resistance to gas flow. Different types of breathing systems are classified and their mechanisms and advantages/disadvantages are summarized.
Unit –IV Nursing Management oragnization M,Sc II year 2023.pptxanjalatchi
Organization is aprocess of grouping the necessary responsibilities and activities into workable units, determining the lines of authority and communication and developing patterns of coordination." "It is conscious development of role structures of superior and subordinate, line and staff. "
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL NURSES WEEK SPEECH 12.5.23.pptxanjalatchi
The document discusses the International and National Nurses Week celebration from May 6-12, 2023. It outlines the theme of "Our Nurses. Our Future." and emphasizes protecting, respecting, and valuing nurses. It also remembers Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. The speech discusses credentialing, privileging, and self-care for physical, mental, and emotional health as important for the nursing profession. It outlines the broad scope and opportunities for nurses in India and globally.
VOTE OF THANKS FOR NURSES DAY WEEK CELEBRATION 8.5.23.pptxanjalatchi
Dr. Anjalatchi Muthukumaran, the Nursing Superintendent and Vice Principal of Era College of Nursing, gives a vote of thanks for the successful celebration of International Nurses Day week from May 6-12, 2023. He thanks the Almighty, the chief guest Mrs. Mary J. Malik, the guest of honour Prof. Abbas Ali Mahdi, Pro-Vice Chancellor Dr. Farzana Mahdi, Principal Dr. Priscilla Samson, faculty, staff, students and all participants for their efforts in organizing the event. He appreciates the anchor committee, technical team, housekeeping staff and class IV workers for their contributions behind the scenes. Finally, he thanks the audience for making
Unit -III Planning and control M.sc II year.pptxanjalatchi
planning and control, often known as production planning and control, are management functions that seek to determine: first, what market demands are stating and second, reconcile how a company can fill those demands through planning and monitoring.
World No Tobacco Day is observed annually on May 31st to raise awareness about the health risks of tobacco use. This year's theme is "Commit to Quit". The World Health Organization started World No Tobacco Day in 1987 to draw attention to the global tobacco epidemic and preventable death and illness caused by tobacco use. Tobacco kills over 8 million people worldwide each year, with over 7 million deaths due to direct tobacco use and around 1.2 million due to secondhand smoke exposure. Large graphic health warnings on tobacco packaging can help persuade smokers to protect non-smokers from secondhand smoke and encourage more people to quit tobacco use. Over 70% of the 1.3 billion tobacco users worldwide lack access to tools that can help them successfully
This document provides information on the Post Basic B.Sc Nursing program at Era University of Health Sciences in Lucknow, India. The 2-year program aims to prepare graduates to assume nursing responsibilities and roles such as manager, teacher, and researcher. The curriculum includes courses in the first year on subjects like microbiology, nutrition, biochemistry, psychology, and various areas of nursing. The second year focuses on courses in community health nursing, mental health nursing, nursing education, administration, and research. The maximum time allowed to complete the program is 4 years. The document then provides detailed syllabus outlines for some of the first year courses, including learning objectives, topics, and assessment methods for each unit.
This document provides a course plan for a Community Health Nursing course at Era College of Nursing. The course is for second year post basic BSc Nursing students and includes 60 hours of theory and 400 hours of practical training. The course aims to help students understand national healthcare systems and participate in healthcare delivery to communities. It covers topics such as community health concepts, family health nursing, health programs and policies in India, community healthcare systems, and the roles of community health nursing personnel. Students will learn through lectures, discussions, visits, and supervised practical work in urban and rural healthcare settings. Their performance will be evaluated through written assignments, reports, and skill assessments.
LIST OF CHAPTER FOR P.B.SC CHN BOOK.docxanjalatchi
This document provides an index for a community health nursing textbook for post-basic B.Sc nursing students. The index outlines 7 units that will be covered in the textbook, including: 1) introduction to community health nursing concepts and principles, 2) family health services and working with families, 3) organization of health services in India, 4) health education, 5) national health programs, 6) epidemiology, and 7) biostatistics and vital statistics. Each unit lists the chapter topics and page numbers that will discuss the content and concepts addressed in that section of the textbook. The index was prepared by the Vice Principal of Era College of Nursing to outline the structure and flow of information in the community health nursing textbook.
This document contains a synopsis proforma for registering dissertation subjects for an M.Sc. in Nursing program. It requests information such as the candidate's name and address, institution, course of study, admission date, proposed topic, and a brief overview of the intended research work. The synopsis proforma outlines the need for the study and provides sections for references, signatures of the guide and co-guide, remarks from the head of department and principal, and confirmation that ethical clearance was obtained if required.
This document outlines the key terms of a lease agreement between John Doe as the tenant and ABC Rentals as the landlord for an apartment located at 123 Main St. The lease is for a period of 12 months beginning January 1st, 2023, and the tenant agrees to pay $1,000 per month in rent. The document details the responsibilities of both parties regarding repairs, guests, noise, parking, and termination of the lease.
Daily ADR Reporting Form April 2023.docxanjalatchi
This document contains two daily adverse drug reaction reporting forms from ERA Lucknow Medical College and Hospital. The first form lists 31 hospital wards and requests information on any adverse drug reactions in each ward including status, signs/symptoms, corrective action, and preventive action. The second form requests the same information for 13 critical care areas. Both forms require the nursing supervisor's report and signature and notes corrective and preventive actions will be taken by the Pharmacy/Therapeutic Committee.
TRAINNING TOPIC FOR ANNUAL SCHEDULE.docxanjalatchi
The document announces an annual training schedule for nursing staff at ERAS LUCKNOW MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL. It will take place every Tuesday from March 18th to June 20th in the hospital's LT venue from 9-10 AM. The training topics cover policies, procedures, and protocols for emergency patient care, infection control, medication safety, blood transfusions, restraints, pain management, medical errors, disaster response, and quality indicators for the emergency department. An attendance sheet is attached for nursing officers, in-charges, supervisors to sign. The training aims to educate healthcare professionals on providing safe, high quality care according to standards and regulations.
This document appears to be an incomplete table or list with column headers for serial number, date, topic, attendees, and remarks, but no data is provided in the columns. The document does not contain enough substantive information to generate a multi-sentence summary.
International Nurses Day will be celebrated on May 3rd, 2023 with the theme "Our Nurses, Our Future". A slogan competition is being organized for nursing staff with rules that entries must be made by individuals on 4 size paper/cardboard, relate to the nurses day theme, and be handmade in Hindi or English using color. The competition is being organized by Dr. Anjalatchi Muthukumaran, Nursing Superintendent at ELMCH.
This document contains a form for screening employees for tuberculosis (TB) at Era Lucknow Medical College and Hospital. The form collects information about an employee's name, address, age, sex, occupation and screens for symptoms of TB like cough, fever, weight loss, appetite changes, chest pain, night sweats, coughing up blood and history of previous TB treatment. It also screens for additional risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiac disease, cancer, immunosuppressive therapy and collects information on sputum tests, x-rays or other tests done and notes any additional remarks.
The nursing department at ELMCH in Lucknow, India organized events to celebrate World Glaucoma Day 2023. Nursing students and faculty raised awareness about glaucoma through presentations, posters, and role plays for patients in wards and clinics. The goal was to educate about glaucoma's incidence, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. World Glaucoma Week from March 12-18 aims to spread understanding of early glaucoma detection, as early detection improves treatment outcomes and prevents blindness from this irreversible disease.
REPORT ON WORLD AIDS DAY 2022 CELEBRATION AT ELMCH.docxanjalatchi
The nursing department at ERA LUCKNOW MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL organized activities to mark World AIDS Day 2022 with the theme of "Equalize". Nursing students educated others about HIV/AIDS through charts, posters, and speeches covering causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention of AIDS. They also performed role plays in hospital wards and outpatient departments to raise awareness.
REPORT OF WORLD TUBERCLOSIS DAY 2023.docxanjalatchi
The nursing department at ELMCH in Lucknow, India organized activities to celebrate World Tuberculosis Day 2023 with the theme "Yes! We can end TB!". Nursing students and faculty raised awareness about TB through charts, posters, presentations and role plays for patients in wards and the outpatient department. The goal of World TB Day 2023 is to promote leadership and investments to accelerate recommendations, innovations, and multi-sectoral cooperation to end the TB epidemic. Tuberculosis is a treatable lung disease that spreads through the air and the day aims to increase awareness.
NURSING OFFICER EXAM ON MCQ MODEL PAPER.docxanjalatchi
This document contains details for a nursing officer exam, including the candidate's name, age, qualifications, and exam date and timing. The exam consists of multiple choice questions testing knowledge of medical acronyms and abbreviations as well as identification of medical instruments.
International nurses week celebration 13.5 PPT.pptxanjalatchi
The document summarizes the events held from May 6-12 to celebrate International Nurses Week at ELMCH Era University. Various competitions were held including slogan, poster, essay writing, rangoli, painting, nursing care plan presentations. Winners were recognized in each category, with first place going to Reeta TBC for painting/slogan, Pushpa kanchan's team from NICU for the essay competition, and Shilpi Yadav from TBC for the rangoli competition. The celebration concluded on May 12th with ward competitions recognizing top performing wards.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Understanding User Behavior with Google Analytics.pdfSEO Article Boost
Unlocking the full potential of Google Analytics is crucial for understanding and optimizing your website’s performance. This guide dives deep into the essential aspects of Google Analytics, from analyzing traffic sources to understanding user demographics and tracking user engagement.
Traffic Sources Analysis:
Discover where your website traffic originates. By examining the Acquisition section, you can identify whether visitors come from organic search, paid campaigns, direct visits, social media, or referral links. This knowledge helps in refining marketing strategies and optimizing resource allocation.
User Demographics Insights:
Gain a comprehensive view of your audience by exploring demographic data in the Audience section. Understand age, gender, and interests to tailor your marketing strategies effectively. Leverage this information to create personalized content and improve user engagement and conversion rates.
Tracking User Engagement:
Learn how to measure user interaction with your site through key metrics like bounce rate, average session duration, and pages per session. Enhance user experience by analyzing engagement metrics and implementing strategies to keep visitors engaged.
Conversion Rate Optimization:
Understand the importance of conversion rates and how to track them using Google Analytics. Set up Goals, analyze conversion funnels, segment your audience, and employ A/B testing to optimize your website for higher conversions. Utilize ecommerce tracking and multi-channel funnels for a detailed view of your sales performance and marketing channel contributions.
Custom Reports and Dashboards:
Create custom reports and dashboards to visualize and interpret data relevant to your business goals. Use advanced filters, segments, and visualization options to gain deeper insights. Incorporate custom dimensions and metrics for tailored data analysis. Integrate external data sources to enrich your analytics and make well-informed decisions.
This guide is designed to help you harness the power of Google Analytics for making data-driven decisions that enhance website performance and achieve your digital marketing objectives. Whether you are looking to improve SEO, refine your social media strategy, or boost conversion rates, understanding and utilizing Google Analytics is essential for your success.
Gen Z and the marketplaces - let's translate their needsLaura Szabó
The product workshop focused on exploring the requirements of Generation Z in relation to marketplace dynamics. We delved into their specific needs, examined the specifics in their shopping preferences, and analyzed their preferred methods for accessing information and making purchases within a marketplace. Through the study of real-life cases , we tried to gain valuable insights into enhancing the marketplace experience for Generation Z.
The workshop was held on the DMA Conference in Vienna June 2024.
Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdfFlorence Consulting
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
Abbiamo parlato di come Axpo Italia S.p.A. ha ridotto il technical debt migrando le proprie APIs da Mule 3.9 a Mule 4.4 passando anche da on-premises a CloudHub 1.0.