The document describes the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNE) at the University of Maryland. CCNEs link physical scientists and engineers working at the nanoscale with cancer biologists and oncologists to enable multi-disciplinary research on cancer-oriented nanotechnology. The Maryland CCNE will focus on pancreatic and lung cancer, with projects including targeted drug delivery using silicon nanotubes, surfactant nanovesicles, and magnetic particles. The center will have cores for translational research, bioinformatics, and analytical characterization. It will evaluate vitamin-targeted nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery, having shown riboflavin receptors are upregulated in breast cancer cells and may enable targeted delivery.
Bacteriotherapy in cancer their roles and bottlenecks: The systematic reviewmohamedimath3
Corresponding Author:Mohamed Imath*1
Mohan Raj1, Saraswati Patel1,
Sathyanathan Viswanathan1
Apollo College of Pharmacy, Kanchipuram, Chennai. Department of Pharmacology
Mohamedimath786@gmail.com
Chapter 15 precision medicine in oncologyNilesh Kucha
This document discusses precision medicine in oncology and molecular monitoring of cancer patients. It describes how molecular characterization of tumors can guide treatment decisions and help develop targeted therapies. Next-generation DNA sequencing is allowing large amounts of tumor DNA to be analyzed to identify molecular targets and guide clinical trials matching treatments to tumor mutations. Challenges include limiting sequencing to known targets, accounting for germline variants, incidental findings, and integrating sequencing results into clinical decision making. Repeated biopsies during treatment can provide insights into drug sensitivity and resistance mechanisms in individual patients.
The field of nanotechnology was first Discovered by Professor Richard P. Feynman in 1959 (Nobel laureate in physics, 1965) [2]. Nanotechnology is the science of the small; very small and it is used for the management of substance at a small scale. At this size, molecules and atoms work in a different way, and provide a variety of unpredicted and attractive uses .
MEDICAL IMAGING MUTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS IN PREDICTION OF EFFICIENCY OF CANCER TH...cscpconf
Based on pressing need for predictive performance improvement, we explored the value of pretherapy
tumour histology image analysis to predict chemotherapy response. It was shown that
multifractal analysis of breast tumour tissue prior to chemotherapy indeed has the capacity to
distinguish between histological images of the different chemotherapy responder groups with
accuracies of 91.4% for pPR, 82.9% for pCR and 82.1% for PD/SD.
MEDICAL IMAGING MUTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS IN PREDICTION OF EFFICIENCY OF CANCER TH...csandit
Multifractal analysis of breast tumor tissue prior to chemotherapy can predict chemotherapy response with high accuracy. It was shown to distinguish histological images of different response groups with over 82% accuracy for pathological complete response and progressive/stable disease. The maximum of the multifractal spectrum parameter f(α)max provided the most important predictive value, suggesting it may detect unknown structural clues related to drug resistance. Further investigation of f(α)max could help characterize its predictive potential.
Cancer is caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that alter the cell genome. Cancer bioinformatics analyzes DNA, RNA, and protein sequences to better understand cancer mechanisms. It utilizes databases like CGAP, HCGP, and caBIG that integrate gene expression data from millions of tumor and normal tissues to determine cancer expression patterns. Methods in cancer bioinformatics include genomics to study whole genome changes, transcriptomics to analyze all gene transcripts, and proteomics to study protein expression, modifications, and interactions, with the goal of discovering new cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment and diagnosis.mohamedAhmed1628
1. The document discusses recent advances in using nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
2. It outlines different types of nanoparticles like liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles that have been used to target lung cancer cells and enhance drug delivery.
3. Recent applications show these nanoparticles can help increase drug concentrations in tumors, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and selectively target cancer cells while reducing side effects - showing promise for improved lung cancer treatment.
The document describes the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNE) at the University of Maryland. CCNEs link physical scientists and engineers working at the nanoscale with cancer biologists and oncologists to enable multi-disciplinary research on cancer-oriented nanotechnology. The Maryland CCNE will focus on pancreatic and lung cancer, with projects including targeted drug delivery using silicon nanotubes, surfactant nanovesicles, and magnetic particles. The center will have cores for translational research, bioinformatics, and analytical characterization. It will evaluate vitamin-targeted nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery, having shown riboflavin receptors are upregulated in breast cancer cells and may enable targeted delivery.
Bacteriotherapy in cancer their roles and bottlenecks: The systematic reviewmohamedimath3
Corresponding Author:Mohamed Imath*1
Mohan Raj1, Saraswati Patel1,
Sathyanathan Viswanathan1
Apollo College of Pharmacy, Kanchipuram, Chennai. Department of Pharmacology
Mohamedimath786@gmail.com
Chapter 15 precision medicine in oncologyNilesh Kucha
This document discusses precision medicine in oncology and molecular monitoring of cancer patients. It describes how molecular characterization of tumors can guide treatment decisions and help develop targeted therapies. Next-generation DNA sequencing is allowing large amounts of tumor DNA to be analyzed to identify molecular targets and guide clinical trials matching treatments to tumor mutations. Challenges include limiting sequencing to known targets, accounting for germline variants, incidental findings, and integrating sequencing results into clinical decision making. Repeated biopsies during treatment can provide insights into drug sensitivity and resistance mechanisms in individual patients.
The field of nanotechnology was first Discovered by Professor Richard P. Feynman in 1959 (Nobel laureate in physics, 1965) [2]. Nanotechnology is the science of the small; very small and it is used for the management of substance at a small scale. At this size, molecules and atoms work in a different way, and provide a variety of unpredicted and attractive uses .
MEDICAL IMAGING MUTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS IN PREDICTION OF EFFICIENCY OF CANCER TH...cscpconf
Based on pressing need for predictive performance improvement, we explored the value of pretherapy
tumour histology image analysis to predict chemotherapy response. It was shown that
multifractal analysis of breast tumour tissue prior to chemotherapy indeed has the capacity to
distinguish between histological images of the different chemotherapy responder groups with
accuracies of 91.4% for pPR, 82.9% for pCR and 82.1% for PD/SD.
MEDICAL IMAGING MUTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS IN PREDICTION OF EFFICIENCY OF CANCER TH...csandit
Multifractal analysis of breast tumor tissue prior to chemotherapy can predict chemotherapy response with high accuracy. It was shown to distinguish histological images of different response groups with over 82% accuracy for pathological complete response and progressive/stable disease. The maximum of the multifractal spectrum parameter f(α)max provided the most important predictive value, suggesting it may detect unknown structural clues related to drug resistance. Further investigation of f(α)max could help characterize its predictive potential.
Cancer is caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that alter the cell genome. Cancer bioinformatics analyzes DNA, RNA, and protein sequences to better understand cancer mechanisms. It utilizes databases like CGAP, HCGP, and caBIG that integrate gene expression data from millions of tumor and normal tissues to determine cancer expression patterns. Methods in cancer bioinformatics include genomics to study whole genome changes, transcriptomics to analyze all gene transcripts, and proteomics to study protein expression, modifications, and interactions, with the goal of discovering new cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment and diagnosis.mohamedAhmed1628
1. The document discusses recent advances in using nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
2. It outlines different types of nanoparticles like liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles that have been used to target lung cancer cells and enhance drug delivery.
3. Recent applications show these nanoparticles can help increase drug concentrations in tumors, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and selectively target cancer cells while reducing side effects - showing promise for improved lung cancer treatment.
This study assessed the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in predicting survival outcomes for 922 patients who underwent curative colon cancer resection between 2006-2012. The results showed that both increasing LNR and presence of EMVI were independently associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival on multivariate analysis. LNR was found to have greater prognostic value compared to the current pN staging system based on Akaike information criterion. Subgroup analysis by EMVI status also confirmed LNR and EMVI as significant predictors of survival.
This document provides an agenda and program details for a symposium on advances in childhood cancer hosted by Kids Cancer Alliance (KCA). The free event will be held on August 31, 2018 at the Australian National Maritime Museum and will feature talks on topics such as clinical application of whole genome sequencing, analysis of big data in pediatric cancers, cancer epigenetics, immunotherapies including CAR T cell therapy, and high dimensional analysis of single cell proteome data. Speakers include researchers from Australia, the US, and Switzerland with expertise in areas like cancer genomics, bioinformatics, immunology, and data science.
This document discusses several microfluidic separation methods for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. It describes how microfluidics can accurately manipulate flow conditions to efficiently separate CTCs from blood cells based on differences in their biophysical properties such as size and deformability. Using these microfluidic approaches, viable CTCs can be retrieved from cancer patient blood samples with high isolation efficiency and purity. Identification of CTCs aids in cancer detection, disease monitoring, and insights into metastasis. The document also discusses using magnetic nanoparticles coupled with doxorubicin chemotherapy drug and an external magnetic field to more effectively deliver the drug to breast cancer cells and increase mortality rates.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed abnormal promoter methylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in Iranian lung cancer patients. The study used a quantitative real-time PCR method called MethyLight to detect DNA methylation of the APC gene promoter in 97 primary lung cancers, 20 lung samples from non-cancer patients, and 43 healthy controls. APC promoter methylation was detected in 47% of tumor samples, 25% of non-cancer lung samples, and 7% of healthy controls. The median methylation level was highest in tumor samples and lowest in healthy controls, with a statistically significant difference. The results suggest aberrant APC gene methylation is correlated with primary lung tumors in
Radiomics is an emerging field that uses innovative computational approaches to extract quantitative imaging features from medical images to describe tumor characteristics like size, shape, intensity and texture. These radiomic features can be integrated with genomic and clinical data to develop predictive models. Studies have shown that radiomic signatures from lung and brain tumors can predict survival and metastasis and correlate with gene expression and molecular pathways. Radiomic features also show potential to predict druggable mutations. Radiomics provides a non-invasive method for precision cancer care and individualized diagnostics.
Several clinical trials are underway at various NCI-designated Cancer Centers using nanoparticles developed for cancer imaging and treatment. These include trials using PET imaging agents to predict chemotherapy response, an engineered adenovirus to stimulate the immune system against leukemia, siRNA nanoparticles to target cancer enzymes, MRI contrast agents for early tumor detection, carbon nanotube x-ray sources for improved CT scanning, and nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier and target brain cancers. Many of these trials are early phase safety studies.
This document summarizes recent advances in immunotherapy for solid tumors. It discusses how immunotherapy has established itself as an effective treatment strategy, building on William Coley's pioneering work in the late 1800s using bacteria to elicit anti-tumor immune responses. The document outlines several key immunotherapy approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular therapy, strategies to enhance tumor immunogenicity like radiotherapy and oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. It also discusses how tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunoscore can help predict cancer prognosis and how the immune system interacts with tumors.
This document summarizes recent advances in cancer treatment. It begins with an introduction discussing the prevalence of cancer worldwide and the integration of nanotechnology with medicine to provide new tumor therapy opportunities. It then discusses circulating tumor cells that can be identified in blood, chemodynamic therapy that uses CDT agents to inhibit immunity and cause cell death, and various oligonucleotide therapeutics including CpG oligonucleotides, miRNAs, aptamers, and DNAzymes. It also discusses combination immunotherapy using multiple therapeutic agents, and photoimmunotherapy which combines photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy. The document concludes by stating the goal is to cure cancer patients or prolong their lives while maintaining a good quality of life.
This team aims to identify drugs that can disrupt vital virulence pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by inhibiting specific protein-protein interactions. They will use the mycobacterial protein fragment complementation (M-PFC) assay to screen a library of 446 approved drugs for inhibitors of interactions important for Mtb pathogenesis. Hits from the screen will be further analyzed for toxicity against human cells and potential to treat tuberculosis. Identifying repurposed drugs that target Mtb virulence could advance new treatment options without the need for extensive clinical testing.
The document discusses developing a carbon nanotube-based drug delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin. It aims to allow for controlled and targeted drug delivery while reducing side effects by loading doxorubicin onto functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with chitosan and folate ligands. The formulation would be characterized and its drug loading efficiency, release properties, and ability to target cancer cells would be evaluated.
NTCP MODELLING OF ACUTE TOXICITY IN CARCINOMA CERVIX TREATED WITH CONCURRENT ...Dr. Rituparna Biswas
1. The study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram and dose constraints for hematological toxicity in cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiation including IMRT.
2. Thirty-seven patients were treated with IMRT and cisplatin, and bone marrow was re-delineated to include the entire marrow volume.
3. Dose-volume histograms were combined with toxicity data to create a nomogram from which hematological toxicity probabilities can be estimated based on bone marrow dosimetry.
This document summarizes a study on multimodal treatment for gastric cancer. The study analyzed 163 gastric cancer patients treated between 2018-2020 at a hospital in Romania. Key findings include:
- The most common tumor locations were the antrum (55% of cases) and stomach (32%).
- Most tumors were classified as proliferative (61.2%) or ulcerated (24.3%) according to the Borman classification.
- The majority of cases (80%) presented at medium or advanced stages, most commonly stage IIIa.
- Postoperative complications like anastomotic fistula (9.2% of cases) correlated with increased re-interventions.
- The most frequent
This document summarizes a study on multimodal treatment for gastric cancer. The study analyzed 163 gastric cancer patients treated between 2018-2020 at a hospital in Romania. Key findings include:
- The most common tumor locations were the antrum (55% of cases) and stomach (32% of cases).
- Most tumors were classified as proliferative (61.2%) or ulcerated (24.3%) according to the Borman classification.
- 80% of cases were at medium or advanced stages (IIb-IVb), with stage IIIa being most common.
- 75.4% of surgeries achieved an R0 resection with no remaining tumor at margins.
-
The document discusses various types of nanoparticles used in nanomedicine, including their properties and applications. It describes how nanoparticles can accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Different classes of nanoparticles are described, such as liposomes, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles like exosomes. The advantages of these nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics are summarized. Key factors that influence the behavior of nanoparticles in the body like size, shape, surface properties are also discussed.
This research article examines the expression of RhoA and Rac1 in fibroblasts found at primary breast tumor sites and corresponding lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays revealed that 59% of fibroblasts at primary tumors and 41% at lymph node metastases expressed RhoA. Similarly, 57.1% at primary tumors and 42.9% at lymph node metastases expressed Rac1. Since expression levels were similar between primary and metastatic sites, the researchers suggest that fibroblasts actively participate in cancer cell invasion to lymph nodes and that metastatic cells continue relying on their microenvironment. Primary cell cultures were used to validate differences in focal adhesion pathways between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts previously found via genomic profiling.
This document discusses current concepts in chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. It begins by introducing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It then reviews epidemiology and risk factors for HNSCC before defining different types of chemotherapy. The bulk of the document discusses evidence and standards of care for systemic therapy in previously untreated locally advanced HNSCC as well as recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. It covers the role of induction, concurrent, adjuvant and definitive chemotherapy combined with surgery or radiation. Overall survival benefits have been shown with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and cetuximab combined with radiation or chemotherapy.
This document discusses the clinical development of monoclonal antibody therapies for cancer treatment. It focuses on five FDA-approved antibodies - rituximab, trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab. The document summarizes the clinical trials that led to the approval of rituximab for treating lymphoma, including early phase trials showing efficacy as a single agent and a pivotal trial demonstrating an overall response rate of 48%. It also discusses the mechanisms of action of antibody cancer therapies and opportunities and challenges for developing such therapies in China.
An integrated approach to analyzing breast cancer at the proteomic and genomic level is presented using a cytometric readout. The approach analyzes fine needle aspirates to assess proteins, mRNA expression of HER2, and genomic integrity. Feasibility testing used a model system of mixed cell lines and analyzed 40 breast tumors and 10 normal tissues fixed in two solutions. The clinical performance relates to the model system and the cell-based assay could apply to xenograft models and circulating tumor cells.
This document discusses how the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, which aimed to sequence tumors to identify genetic changes and develop treatments, is now at a crossroads due to the confounding factor of intratumoral heterogeneity. Sequencing more tumors with single biopsies cannot capture heterogeneity between tumor parts or over time. Obtaining multiple biopsies presents logistical challenges. Recent studies reveal significant genetic differences within individual tumors in space and time. This challenges the utility of TCGA's approach and whether its data can guide treatment. Better methods are needed to address tumor heterogeneity.
Sirit: the fascist internment system in Tuscany during World War II (1940-44)...Toscana Open Research
The research project focused on the Fascist internment system in Tuscany between 1940, when Italy joined the Second World War, and 1944, when the region was liberated by the Allied Army. During the war, the Fascist government and the Italian Social Republic adopted a series of measures restricting individual freedom. This led to the isolation, imprisonment, marginalization and control of anyone deemed dangerous for public security, even only on the basis of mere suspicion. These provisions resulted in a widespread and articulated network of internment devices that affected different categories of persons.
Sirit: Il sistema di internamento e di reclusione in Toscana (1940-1944): dal...Toscana Open Research
Il progetto di ricerca SIRIT prende in esame il sistema di internamento fascista in Toscana tra l’ingresso dell’Italia nella Seconda guerra mondiale (1940) e la liberazione della regione (1944). Durante la guerra, il governo fascista e la Repubblica Sociale Italiana adottarono una serie di misure restrittive della libertà individuale che portarono all’isolamento, alla reclusione, alla marginalizzazione e al controllo di chiunque fosse ritenuto pericoloso per l’ordine pubblico. Oggetto di ricerca di SIRIT sono proprio queste misure che si tradussero in una fitta rete di dispositivi e provvedimenti di internamento, che colpirono diverse categorie di persone
This study assessed the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) and extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) in predicting survival outcomes for 922 patients who underwent curative colon cancer resection between 2006-2012. The results showed that both increasing LNR and presence of EMVI were independently associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival on multivariate analysis. LNR was found to have greater prognostic value compared to the current pN staging system based on Akaike information criterion. Subgroup analysis by EMVI status also confirmed LNR and EMVI as significant predictors of survival.
This document provides an agenda and program details for a symposium on advances in childhood cancer hosted by Kids Cancer Alliance (KCA). The free event will be held on August 31, 2018 at the Australian National Maritime Museum and will feature talks on topics such as clinical application of whole genome sequencing, analysis of big data in pediatric cancers, cancer epigenetics, immunotherapies including CAR T cell therapy, and high dimensional analysis of single cell proteome data. Speakers include researchers from Australia, the US, and Switzerland with expertise in areas like cancer genomics, bioinformatics, immunology, and data science.
This document discusses several microfluidic separation methods for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. It describes how microfluidics can accurately manipulate flow conditions to efficiently separate CTCs from blood cells based on differences in their biophysical properties such as size and deformability. Using these microfluidic approaches, viable CTCs can be retrieved from cancer patient blood samples with high isolation efficiency and purity. Identification of CTCs aids in cancer detection, disease monitoring, and insights into metastasis. The document also discusses using magnetic nanoparticles coupled with doxorubicin chemotherapy drug and an external magnetic field to more effectively deliver the drug to breast cancer cells and increase mortality rates.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed abnormal promoter methylation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in Iranian lung cancer patients. The study used a quantitative real-time PCR method called MethyLight to detect DNA methylation of the APC gene promoter in 97 primary lung cancers, 20 lung samples from non-cancer patients, and 43 healthy controls. APC promoter methylation was detected in 47% of tumor samples, 25% of non-cancer lung samples, and 7% of healthy controls. The median methylation level was highest in tumor samples and lowest in healthy controls, with a statistically significant difference. The results suggest aberrant APC gene methylation is correlated with primary lung tumors in
Radiomics is an emerging field that uses innovative computational approaches to extract quantitative imaging features from medical images to describe tumor characteristics like size, shape, intensity and texture. These radiomic features can be integrated with genomic and clinical data to develop predictive models. Studies have shown that radiomic signatures from lung and brain tumors can predict survival and metastasis and correlate with gene expression and molecular pathways. Radiomic features also show potential to predict druggable mutations. Radiomics provides a non-invasive method for precision cancer care and individualized diagnostics.
Several clinical trials are underway at various NCI-designated Cancer Centers using nanoparticles developed for cancer imaging and treatment. These include trials using PET imaging agents to predict chemotherapy response, an engineered adenovirus to stimulate the immune system against leukemia, siRNA nanoparticles to target cancer enzymes, MRI contrast agents for early tumor detection, carbon nanotube x-ray sources for improved CT scanning, and nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier and target brain cancers. Many of these trials are early phase safety studies.
This document summarizes recent advances in immunotherapy for solid tumors. It discusses how immunotherapy has established itself as an effective treatment strategy, building on William Coley's pioneering work in the late 1800s using bacteria to elicit anti-tumor immune responses. The document outlines several key immunotherapy approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular therapy, strategies to enhance tumor immunogenicity like radiotherapy and oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. It also discusses how tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunoscore can help predict cancer prognosis and how the immune system interacts with tumors.
This document summarizes recent advances in cancer treatment. It begins with an introduction discussing the prevalence of cancer worldwide and the integration of nanotechnology with medicine to provide new tumor therapy opportunities. It then discusses circulating tumor cells that can be identified in blood, chemodynamic therapy that uses CDT agents to inhibit immunity and cause cell death, and various oligonucleotide therapeutics including CpG oligonucleotides, miRNAs, aptamers, and DNAzymes. It also discusses combination immunotherapy using multiple therapeutic agents, and photoimmunotherapy which combines photodynamic therapy with immunotherapy. The document concludes by stating the goal is to cure cancer patients or prolong their lives while maintaining a good quality of life.
This team aims to identify drugs that can disrupt vital virulence pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by inhibiting specific protein-protein interactions. They will use the mycobacterial protein fragment complementation (M-PFC) assay to screen a library of 446 approved drugs for inhibitors of interactions important for Mtb pathogenesis. Hits from the screen will be further analyzed for toxicity against human cells and potential to treat tuberculosis. Identifying repurposed drugs that target Mtb virulence could advance new treatment options without the need for extensive clinical testing.
The document discusses developing a carbon nanotube-based drug delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin. It aims to allow for controlled and targeted drug delivery while reducing side effects by loading doxorubicin onto functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with chitosan and folate ligands. The formulation would be characterized and its drug loading efficiency, release properties, and ability to target cancer cells would be evaluated.
NTCP MODELLING OF ACUTE TOXICITY IN CARCINOMA CERVIX TREATED WITH CONCURRENT ...Dr. Rituparna Biswas
1. The study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram and dose constraints for hematological toxicity in cervical cancer patients treated with chemoradiation including IMRT.
2. Thirty-seven patients were treated with IMRT and cisplatin, and bone marrow was re-delineated to include the entire marrow volume.
3. Dose-volume histograms were combined with toxicity data to create a nomogram from which hematological toxicity probabilities can be estimated based on bone marrow dosimetry.
This document summarizes a study on multimodal treatment for gastric cancer. The study analyzed 163 gastric cancer patients treated between 2018-2020 at a hospital in Romania. Key findings include:
- The most common tumor locations were the antrum (55% of cases) and stomach (32%).
- Most tumors were classified as proliferative (61.2%) or ulcerated (24.3%) according to the Borman classification.
- The majority of cases (80%) presented at medium or advanced stages, most commonly stage IIIa.
- Postoperative complications like anastomotic fistula (9.2% of cases) correlated with increased re-interventions.
- The most frequent
This document summarizes a study on multimodal treatment for gastric cancer. The study analyzed 163 gastric cancer patients treated between 2018-2020 at a hospital in Romania. Key findings include:
- The most common tumor locations were the antrum (55% of cases) and stomach (32% of cases).
- Most tumors were classified as proliferative (61.2%) or ulcerated (24.3%) according to the Borman classification.
- 80% of cases were at medium or advanced stages (IIb-IVb), with stage IIIa being most common.
- 75.4% of surgeries achieved an R0 resection with no remaining tumor at margins.
-
The document discusses various types of nanoparticles used in nanomedicine, including their properties and applications. It describes how nanoparticles can accumulate in tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Different classes of nanoparticles are described, such as liposomes, polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles like exosomes. The advantages of these nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics are summarized. Key factors that influence the behavior of nanoparticles in the body like size, shape, surface properties are also discussed.
This research article examines the expression of RhoA and Rac1 in fibroblasts found at primary breast tumor sites and corresponding lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays revealed that 59% of fibroblasts at primary tumors and 41% at lymph node metastases expressed RhoA. Similarly, 57.1% at primary tumors and 42.9% at lymph node metastases expressed Rac1. Since expression levels were similar between primary and metastatic sites, the researchers suggest that fibroblasts actively participate in cancer cell invasion to lymph nodes and that metastatic cells continue relying on their microenvironment. Primary cell cultures were used to validate differences in focal adhesion pathways between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts previously found via genomic profiling.
This document discusses current concepts in chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. It begins by introducing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It then reviews epidemiology and risk factors for HNSCC before defining different types of chemotherapy. The bulk of the document discusses evidence and standards of care for systemic therapy in previously untreated locally advanced HNSCC as well as recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. It covers the role of induction, concurrent, adjuvant and definitive chemotherapy combined with surgery or radiation. Overall survival benefits have been shown with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and cetuximab combined with radiation or chemotherapy.
This document discusses the clinical development of monoclonal antibody therapies for cancer treatment. It focuses on five FDA-approved antibodies - rituximab, trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab. The document summarizes the clinical trials that led to the approval of rituximab for treating lymphoma, including early phase trials showing efficacy as a single agent and a pivotal trial demonstrating an overall response rate of 48%. It also discusses the mechanisms of action of antibody cancer therapies and opportunities and challenges for developing such therapies in China.
An integrated approach to analyzing breast cancer at the proteomic and genomic level is presented using a cytometric readout. The approach analyzes fine needle aspirates to assess proteins, mRNA expression of HER2, and genomic integrity. Feasibility testing used a model system of mixed cell lines and analyzed 40 breast tumors and 10 normal tissues fixed in two solutions. The clinical performance relates to the model system and the cell-based assay could apply to xenograft models and circulating tumor cells.
This document discusses how the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, which aimed to sequence tumors to identify genetic changes and develop treatments, is now at a crossroads due to the confounding factor of intratumoral heterogeneity. Sequencing more tumors with single biopsies cannot capture heterogeneity between tumor parts or over time. Obtaining multiple biopsies presents logistical challenges. Recent studies reveal significant genetic differences within individual tumors in space and time. This challenges the utility of TCGA's approach and whether its data can guide treatment. Better methods are needed to address tumor heterogeneity.
Sirit: the fascist internment system in Tuscany during World War II (1940-44)...Toscana Open Research
The research project focused on the Fascist internment system in Tuscany between 1940, when Italy joined the Second World War, and 1944, when the region was liberated by the Allied Army. During the war, the Fascist government and the Italian Social Republic adopted a series of measures restricting individual freedom. This led to the isolation, imprisonment, marginalization and control of anyone deemed dangerous for public security, even only on the basis of mere suspicion. These provisions resulted in a widespread and articulated network of internment devices that affected different categories of persons.
Sirit: Il sistema di internamento e di reclusione in Toscana (1940-1944): dal...Toscana Open Research
Il progetto di ricerca SIRIT prende in esame il sistema di internamento fascista in Toscana tra l’ingresso dell’Italia nella Seconda guerra mondiale (1940) e la liberazione della regione (1944). Durante la guerra, il governo fascista e la Repubblica Sociale Italiana adottarono una serie di misure restrittive della libertà individuale che portarono all’isolamento, alla reclusione, alla marginalizzazione e al controllo di chiunque fosse ritenuto pericoloso per l’ordine pubblico. Oggetto di ricerca di SIRIT sono proprio queste misure che si tradussero in una fitta rete di dispositivi e provvedimenti di internamento, che colpirono diverse categorie di persone
BIO-SCULT ha condotto un censimento di tutte le opere conservate nelle sale e nei depositi di Villa Corsini, verificando e - in moltissimi casi - recuperando i numeri di inventario delle sculture, andati perduti in seguito ai danni arrecati al Museo dall’alluvione e al trasferimento a Villa Corsini della sua collezione di marmi. Si è creato un database che è diventato la base per un catalogo tridimensionale delle sculture che, grazie a ricostruzioni 3D, consente a tutti la fruizione dell'intera collezione
Il progetto ha permesso la fruizione di testi, metadati, immagini, video ed esecuzioni musicali nei luoghi turistici dell’area senese tramite lo sviluppo della Realtà Aumentata.
The MeB project, resulted from the collaboration between the Scuola Normale Superiore and the Bargello Museums. Its main objective was the development of shared, applied research, aimed at the modernization of the scientific analysis processes and art-historical study of small-scale metal production of the Early Modern age. Moreover, it aimed at elaborating new operational solutions of potential interest for similar cultural contexts, also throughout the use of 3D laser scans.
Il progetto MeB, frutto della collaborazione tra la Scuola Normale Superiore e i Musei del Bargello, ha avuto come principale obiettivo quello di sviluppare una ricerca condivisa di natura applicativa, finalizzata alla modernizzazione dei processi di analisi scientifica e studio storico-artistico della produzione metallica di piccole dimensioni d’età moderna e all’elaborazione, anche attraverso scansioni laser 3D, di soluzioni operative di potenziale interesse per analoghi contesti culturali.
L’unità di Ricerca applica due strategie di design. La prima - principale - attiene alla possibilità di garantire ad ogni persona l’utilizzo di luoghi, beni e servizi, secondo i principi dello Universal Design; la seconda - in sinergia con la prima - attiene alla predisposizione di specifici dispositivi di sostegno e di specifiche tecnologie (Assistive Technologies/Adaptive Technologies) volti a consentire a persone con particolari esigenze di tipo fisico, senso-percettivo o cognitivo una migliore qualità della vita.
Riconoscimento di minerali in luce trasmessa e riflessa o diffrazione X, studi paragenetici, determinazione di elementi maggiori e in tracce,
tecniche di microanalisi, studi di speciazione mediante tecniche di estrazione sequenziali, misurazioni di concentrazioni di Hg a livello di ultratracce
L’attività di ricerca sul tema dei beni culturali 4 0 (BBCC 4 0 si svolge su più fronti una parte si concentra sulle analisi diagnostiche dei Beni Culturali ed un’altra sul trasferimento tecnologico delle competenze e delle conoscenze. Parte della ricerca sul tema include il riutilizzo del materiale di scarto della filiera dell’estrazione e lavorazione del marmo di Carrara, ovvero polveri e sabbie di carbonato di calcio
Designing and monitoring new learning models;
creating solutions for improving the well-being of employees;
psychometric and neurometric analyses for creating either inbound or outbound effectivecommunication strategies;
psychometric analyses of personality traits, leadership, and social interactions oncompany personnel aimed at creating predictive models of the success in relocatingresources;
human resources management.
Knowledge and tools aimed at characterizing sleep in physiological and
pathological conditions. Develops and tests approaches and tools aimed at intervening on sleep to modify its efficiency and functions.
Normative and descriptive models of reasoning, Analysis of experts’ judgment and decision-making, monitoring, counseling, and correction of toxic behaviors on social media (fake news, misinformation, conspiracy theories, etc.)
Managerial and organizational neurosciences to increase company valuesToscana Open Research
The research activity presides the application
of managerial and organizational neurosciences, psychophysiology and advanced analytical
approaches, offering possible services and applications in four business domains: Training,
Cognitive Ergonomics, Communication, Resources human
Process for obtaining levulinic acid esters, in particular alkyl levulinatesToscana Open Research
Our patented process is useful to obtain levulinic acid esters by direct alcoholysis of carbohydrates, such as C6 monosaccharides and/or polysaccharides thereof and/or chitin and/or chitosan, with a predetermined alcohol, takes place at a reaction temperature preferably between 100°C and 220°C for a time preferably between 30 and 300 minutes and in the presence of a co-solvent with specific properties, in addition to a conventional acid catalyst said alcohol and said co
solvent are preferably separated from the reaction mixture after conversion and then, recycled back to the conversion step
Procedimento per ottenere esteri dell'acido levulinico, in particolare alchil...Toscana Open Research
Il nostro processo brevettato è utile ad ottenere esteri dell’acido levulinico mediante alcolisi diretta di carboidrati, come monosaccaridi C6 e/o loro polisaccaridi e/o chitina e/o chitosano con un alcol predeterminato, ha luogo a una
temperatura di reazione preferibilmente compresa tra 100 C e 220 C per un tempo
preferibilmente compreso tra 30 e 300 minuti e in presenza, oltre che di un catalizzatore acido di tipo convenzionale, di un co solvente avente specifiche caratteristiche il suddetto alcol e detto solvente saranno preferibilmente separati
dalla miscela di reazione dopo conversione e riciclati alla fase di conversione
Materiale e sistema per il trattamento terapeutico di articolazioniToscana Open Research
L’invenzione vuole sostituire il bisogno di iniezioni ripetute per la rigenerazione dei tessuti e/o gli interventi chirurgici per la sostituzione dell’intera giunzione articolare. Si tratta di un materiale composito a base organica rilasciato da una stampante 3D integrata in un tool artroscopico.
This document describes a material and treatment system for regenerating cartilage tissue in joints. The system utilizes a 3D printed composite material that is implanted using minimally invasive surgery and stimulates tissue regeneration in situ using ultrasound, without multiple interventions. The material and system could enable treatment of osteoarthritis and other degenerative diseases through stem cell-mediated regenerative techniques. The inventors are exploring partnerships with industrial companies interested in licensing the technology.
Manoscritti e testi filosofici tra Oriente e Occidente dal Medioevo ai giorni...Toscana Open Research
Il focus di ricerca sulle zone liminari della storia della filosofia, ai confini tra civiltà diverse e spesso ritenute inevitabilmente conflittuali, permette a PhiBor di costituire un vero e proprio laboratorio vivente di interculturalità, intesa sia come interscambio tra differenti civiltà, sia come interfaccia razionale tra modelli conoscitivi distinti
The extracorporeal clearance precision measurement system allows clearance rate of extracorporeal treatments to be measured in real time and adjusted to patients’ needs.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
2. Research
activity
Pulmonary molecular oncology research, adopting murine models of lung cancer (NSCLC and
SCLC)
High resolution transcriptomics to identify cancer specific subpopulations and interactions with
cancer cells and the Tumor Microenvironment (TME), also adopting spatial transcriptomics
and proteomics
Comparison of murine models carrying frequent lung cancer-associated genetic mutations and
paired clinical samples
In vivo follow up of tumor and TME adaptation to common chemotherapeutics and novel
combination, also adopting experimental drugs, via high resolution omics, coupled to
concomitant in vivo imaging assays
Identification of microRNA to decrease pulmonary tumor growth
3. Images
Maroni et al., Tumor microenvironment landscapes supporting EGFR-mutant NSCLC are modulated at the single cell interaction level by Unesbulin treatment. Submitted
Maroni et al., Identification of a targetable KRAS-mutant epithelial population in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Commun Biol. 2021 Apr 14;4(1):370. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-01897-6
PMID:33854168
Maroni et al., The role of PREP1 in the regulation of mesenchymal stromal cells. International Journal Molecular Sciences 2019 Jul 25;20(15). pii: E3639. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153639.
PMID:31349607
Zilionis et al., Single cell transcriptomics of human and mouse lung cancers reveals conserved myeloid populations across individuals and species. Immunity 2019 May
21;50(5):1317-1334.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Apr 9. PMID:30979687
4. Technologies and services
TECHNOLOGIES:
Automacs
Gentlemacs single cell dissociator
Agilent 2100 Analyzer
10X Genomics high-resolution platform
Fully-accredited animal facility (transgenic and immunocompromised mice)
In vivo drug treatment
Imaging Facilities
Cell culture and Molecular biology for drug testing
microRNA in cancer therapy
SERVICES:
Single-cell high resolution transcriptomics
Cell lines and murine models follow up to drug treatment
5. Applications
and
collaborations
COLLABORATIONS
• Long-established collaboration with PTC-Therapeutics (NJ, USA)
• MTA from 2011-2022 (at Harvard University) and from 2022 on (at ITB-CNR) to test their
preclinical anti-BMI1 compounds on cell lines and murine models of lung cancer
APPLICATIONS
• Investigator-initiated funding (2014 & 2018: $209,073)
• BMI1 is an oncogene that Dr. Levantini demonstrated to be highly expressed in both NSCLC
and SCLC, which is targetable in vivo through the pre-clinical compound PTC-209 and the
clinical-grade compound PTC596/Unesbulin. Dr. Levantini’s publications on Science
Translational Medicine (2016) and Nature Communications Biology (2022), as well as a new
recently submitted manuscript, demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds on murine
models of lung cancer, and helped including PTC596 as clinically tested drug in Phase I
studies at the Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center (Boston, MA, USA).
6. Ufficio Grant – Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Headquarters: Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1 – 56124 Pisa, PI
E-mail: elena.levantini@itb.cnr.it; ufficio.grant@ifc.cnr.it
Ufficio Regionale di Trasferimento Tecnologico
Headquarters: Via Luigi Carlo Farini, 8 - 50121 Firenze, FI
E-mail: urtt.@regione.toscana.it
For more information
For more information