It appears that you have provided information about the "Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences" . This journal seems to be an international online publication in English, published quarterly. It emphasizes fast publication while maintaining a rigorous peer-review process of the published research.
Bioavailability Studies of Ketorolac Tromethamine Fast Dissolving Tablets Pre...IOSR Journals
This study was concerned with the investigation of acute pharmacological responses (pharmacodynamics) including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets prepared by direct compression method using 3% croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant by applying tail flick test and carragenan induced rat paw edema test respectively. Also, the work aimed to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine in human plasma samples released from fast dissolving tablets. Also, to estimate whether the prepared tablet dosage form increases the bioavailability of ketorolac tromethamine in the body compared to marketed conventional tablet. From this study, it could be inferred that ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets (G5) containing (3% corscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant, 30% Avicel pH102, 5% aspartame, 1% talc, 1% magnesium stearate, and mannitol Q.S.) and prepared by direct compression method could be considered as a promising formula to enhance bioavilability of the drug.
Protective Effect of Gongronema Latifolium Leaf Extract on Rambo And Raid Mos...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Quantification of Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Potentials of Differen...oyepata
Quantification of Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Potentials of Different Ocimum
gratissimum Linn. Leaf Extracts in Male Whistar
Albino Rats
J. S. Aprioku1*, O. S. Joseph2 and A. W. Obianime
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Afrofritomia...paperpublications3
Abstract: Methanolic extract of the leaf of Afrofritomia sylvestris was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The extract was evaluated using carragenaan-induced paw oedema in rats (anti-inflammatory effect) as well as acetic acid-induced writhing (analgesic effect) in mice, after intra-peritoneal injection of the extract (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg). The negative control animals were given normal saline (10ml/kg) and the effects were compared with that of Acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg), as a positive control drug. Each experiment consisted of twenty five animals divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Tail immersion reaction time and Naloxone antagonism of the extracts and morphine were further used to investigate the mode of action of the analgesic activity of the leaf. The extract significantly inhibited carageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (P<0.05-0.01)><0.01). The methanolic extract failed to raise the pain threshold of mice towards heat stimulus and Naloxone did not show any significant antagonism (blocking effect) against the extract in the tail immersion experiment, thus ruling out the involvement of opioid receptors in the mechanism of analgesic action of the extract. Phytochemical analyses of the plant show the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3050+223.65mg/kg using the method of Tainter and Miller.In this study, methanolic extract of Afrofritomia sylvestris leaf was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the tested models.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study was carried out to determine the effects of levels of adsorbent "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. The pigs were separated into four groups and further randomized design and fed diets contained by weight: concentrates grain mixture consisting of barley – 43.0%, corn – 10.0%, wheat – 11.0 – 11.5%, peas – 8.0 – 8.5%, and also bran – 6.0-8.0%, soybean meal – 5.0-9.0%, sunflower meal – 6.0%, fish meal – 5.0%, soybean oil – 2.0%, premix – 2.5%. The control animals (CG) were fed the main diet and EG1, EG2 and EG3 diet included adsorbent additive "Vitacorm REO-M" in the amount of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg per ton of feed, respectively. The pigs were adequately housed, while feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum. At the end of the experiment 3 pigs were randomly sampled from each treatment (1 per replicate) and blood collected through venipuncture on veins at backside of the ears. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) effect of "Vitacorm REO-M" at a dosage of 4 kg per ton of feed allowed to obtain an additional average daily gain in EG2 (0.541 kg) 7.98% higher than in the CG. Was found that the highest content of total protein at the end of the experience was observed in CG - 68.95% (while in EG2 - 64.43%, EG1 - 64.62%, EG3 - 63.22%) and the highest level of γ-globulin content was noted in EG1 and EG3, respectively 9.33 and 9.53%. AST activity maximum increase (at a rate of 22.0-47.0 u/l) was observed in animals of the EG1 by 11.11%, and a decrease of 7.02% in EG3 relative to the CG. In the EG2, the AST index was within the normal range - 40.0 U/l. ALT activity was reduced in comparison with the CG in the EG1 by 4.23% - 3.0 U/l, in the EG2 - by 19.72% - 14.0 U/l.
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Ent55 is produced by poultry strain Enterococcus faecium EF55. It is substance which can be allotted to Class II enterocins; thermo-stable, small peptide. Because producer strain has shown beneficial effect in poultry and broiler rabbits as well, we decided to apply Ent55 in broiler rabbit husbandry. Ent55 showed antimicrobial activity in broiler rabbits by reduction of staphylococci, Clostridiae, pseudomonads and coliforms. Its beneficial effect was demonstrated by stimulation of phagocytic activity as well as by reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts. GPx values were lower; it means, no oxidative stress was evoked. Moreover, it has not negative influence on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Our results indicated that enterocin produced by not-autochtonous strain can also have protective and beneficial effect in broiler rabbits.
Bioavailability Studies of Ketorolac Tromethamine Fast Dissolving Tablets Pre...IOSR Journals
This study was concerned with the investigation of acute pharmacological responses (pharmacodynamics) including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets prepared by direct compression method using 3% croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant by applying tail flick test and carragenan induced rat paw edema test respectively. Also, the work aimed to develop a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of ketorolac tromethamine in human plasma samples released from fast dissolving tablets. Also, to estimate whether the prepared tablet dosage form increases the bioavailability of ketorolac tromethamine in the body compared to marketed conventional tablet. From this study, it could be inferred that ketorolac tromethamine fast dissolving tablets (G5) containing (3% corscarmellose sodium as a superdisintegrant, 30% Avicel pH102, 5% aspartame, 1% talc, 1% magnesium stearate, and mannitol Q.S.) and prepared by direct compression method could be considered as a promising formula to enhance bioavilability of the drug.
Protective Effect of Gongronema Latifolium Leaf Extract on Rambo And Raid Mos...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Quantification of Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Potentials of Differen...oyepata
Quantification of Antinociceptive and Antiinflammatory Potentials of Different Ocimum
gratissimum Linn. Leaf Extracts in Male Whistar
Albino Rats
J. S. Aprioku1*, O. S. Joseph2 and A. W. Obianime
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Afrofritomia...paperpublications3
Abstract: Methanolic extract of the leaf of Afrofritomia sylvestris was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The extract was evaluated using carragenaan-induced paw oedema in rats (anti-inflammatory effect) as well as acetic acid-induced writhing (analgesic effect) in mice, after intra-peritoneal injection of the extract (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg). The negative control animals were given normal saline (10ml/kg) and the effects were compared with that of Acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg), as a positive control drug. Each experiment consisted of twenty five animals divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Tail immersion reaction time and Naloxone antagonism of the extracts and morphine were further used to investigate the mode of action of the analgesic activity of the leaf. The extract significantly inhibited carageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (P<0.05-0.01)><0.01). The methanolic extract failed to raise the pain threshold of mice towards heat stimulus and Naloxone did not show any significant antagonism (blocking effect) against the extract in the tail immersion experiment, thus ruling out the involvement of opioid receptors in the mechanism of analgesic action of the extract. Phytochemical analyses of the plant show the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides. The LD50 of the extract was determined to be 3050+223.65mg/kg using the method of Tainter and Miller.In this study, methanolic extract of Afrofritomia sylvestris leaf was found to possess significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the tested models.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study was carried out to determine the effects of levels of adsorbent "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. The pigs were separated into four groups and further randomized design and fed diets contained by weight: concentrates grain mixture consisting of barley – 43.0%, corn – 10.0%, wheat – 11.0 – 11.5%, peas – 8.0 – 8.5%, and also bran – 6.0-8.0%, soybean meal – 5.0-9.0%, sunflower meal – 6.0%, fish meal – 5.0%, soybean oil – 2.0%, premix – 2.5%. The control animals (CG) were fed the main diet and EG1, EG2 and EG3 diet included adsorbent additive "Vitacorm REO-M" in the amount of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg per ton of feed, respectively. The pigs were adequately housed, while feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum. At the end of the experiment 3 pigs were randomly sampled from each treatment (1 per replicate) and blood collected through venipuncture on veins at backside of the ears. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) effect of "Vitacorm REO-M" at a dosage of 4 kg per ton of feed allowed to obtain an additional average daily gain in EG2 (0.541 kg) 7.98% higher than in the CG. Was found that the highest content of total protein at the end of the experience was observed in CG - 68.95% (while in EG2 - 64.43%, EG1 - 64.62%, EG3 - 63.22%) and the highest level of γ-globulin content was noted in EG1 and EG3, respectively 9.33 and 9.53%. AST activity maximum increase (at a rate of 22.0-47.0 u/l) was observed in animals of the EG1 by 11.11%, and a decrease of 7.02% in EG3 relative to the CG. In the EG2, the AST index was within the normal range - 40.0 U/l. ALT activity was reduced in comparison with the CG in the EG1 by 4.23% - 3.0 U/l, in the EG2 - by 19.72% - 14.0 U/l.
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Ent55 is produced by poultry strain Enterococcus faecium EF55. It is substance which can be allotted to Class II enterocins; thermo-stable, small peptide. Because producer strain has shown beneficial effect in poultry and broiler rabbits as well, we decided to apply Ent55 in broiler rabbit husbandry. Ent55 showed antimicrobial activity in broiler rabbits by reduction of staphylococci, Clostridiae, pseudomonads and coliforms. Its beneficial effect was demonstrated by stimulation of phagocytic activity as well as by reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts. GPx values were lower; it means, no oxidative stress was evoked. Moreover, it has not negative influence on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Our results indicated that enterocin produced by not-autochtonous strain can also have protective and beneficial effect in broiler rabbits.
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Morphological and functional state of immune organs in rats with experimental...QUESTJOURNAL
Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of morphological and functional state of immune organs - thymus and spleen, in rats Wistar with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) and to examine the effectiveness of phytopreparation BNO 10.30 (Imupret). For the experiment were involved 20 rats, which were divided into 4 groups: group 1 - control group of healthy rats, 2 - control group that received "Imupret", 3 - rats with experimental DM-1, 4 - rats with experimental diabetes, treated with the drug "Imupret." Functional changes in the immune organs were evaluated by the results of morphometric analysis; morphological picture was evaluated by histological changes. As a result, in animals with DM-1 were found initial pathological changes of these organs: increased volume of white pulp in the spleen, thymus medulla increase, which indicates the initial inflammatory and degenerative processes. According to the results of the correlation analysis there was established a direct relationship between the presence of DM-1and the pathological changes of spleen and thymus (r = 0,529, p <0.05). In this way, the results demonstrate the importance of early diagnostics of immune organs in patients with type-1.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Abdominal adhesions are one of the most important problems, occurring after intra-abdominal surgery in more than 90% of cases. This condition is the leading cause of bowel obstruction, infertility, and abdominal/pelvic pain. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be non-toxic and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intraperitoneal lavage with GNP solutions on the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA).
Materials and Methods:
In the current experimental study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats. After a standardized peritoneal injury, GNP solutions in different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 and 100 ng/ml) were locally administered through nebulization; normal saline (NS) was administered to the control group. Two weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and cecum and peritoneal samples were harvested for histopathological assessment. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Results:
The rats treated with GNPs had significantly lower microscopic and macroscopic peritoneal adhesion scores, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Score 5 of macroscopic adhesions was reported in all the rats of the control group, unlike the GNP groups. Furthermore, microscopic adhesions were reported with all rats in the control group, unlike the GNP groups (reported in 0 out of 5 rats in all GNP groups). In addition, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and VEGF underwent no significant changes.
Conclusion:
Compared to the control group, GNPs decreased the severity of peritoneal adhesions, although they did not alter TNF-α, IL-1β or VEGF serum levels.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Histopathological Changes of Splanchnic Organs Induced by Fipronil Toxicity i...Premier Publishers
Fipronil, introduced by Rhone-Plunac, is a member of phenyl pyrazoles which have herbicidal effects. Metabolic studies have showed that Fipronil can accumulate in fatty tissues, fish, fibre or food crops. Limited investigations have been carried on effect of Fipronil on animals and man. Therefore, present study was designed to study the effect of Fipronil toxicity in gross and histopathological parameters in White Leghorn Cockerels. Twenty, one-month old white leg horn male chickens were randomly divided into four groups of 5 birds each. Different doses of Fipronil were administered orally through feed at 1, 5 and 10 ppm levels for 100 days, daily. The tissue from liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of fabricius, testes and intestine were collected. The gross and histopathological changes were severe in group 3 in comparison to group 2 and 1. It may be concluded that even low dose of Fipronil has adverse effect on birds. These ill effects are dependent on dose and duration of exposure of Fipronil. Adequate measures
should be taken to minimize the indiscriminate use of Fipronil, reducing poultry as well as human exposure to it and its further environmental contamination.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications nowadays. The data about the degree of toxicity and the accumulation of gold nanoparticles in-vivo is not enough to judge.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 including: three GNP-treated and one control group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 0.5 cc of a solution containing 5, 10, and 100 ppm Au daily via intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 7 days, respectively. The control group was treated with 0.5 cc normal saline with same procedure. Then, several biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetat transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyrvate transaminase (SGPT) were evaluated at 2, 7 and 14 days after the last injection. After 14 days, all the rats were sacrificed and liver, lung tissues were separated and evaluated.
Results:
SGOT two days after intervention was significantly greater in the group 2 than the control group. In liver histological assessment, in group 1, basophils were observed around the central veins, in group 2 fading and no observation of central veins was seen, and in group 3 hepatic damage was noticed. The lung histological results showed severe vascular hyperemia in group 1, air sacs damage in group 2, and complete air sacs destruction in group 3.
Conclusion:
The results showed extreme changes in the histopathology of lung and liver tissues caused by spherical nanogold with 5-10 nm size in all of three treatment groups.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Analysis of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites of chickens in moder...Innspub Net
A study was carried out in the commune of Korhogo to assess gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites in modern poultry farms. To achieve this, 214 droppings samples, including 129 broilers and 85 laying hens from 40 broiler farms and 12 laying chicken farms were collected and analyzed using the flotation method. The results highlighted two (2) species of mallophagous lice namely Menopon gallinae (50%) and Menacanthus stramineus (33%) and a species of bug namely Cimex lectularius (17%) for ectoparasites. As for the gastro-parasites, two (2) species and four (4) genera namely Trichostrongylus tenuis (17%), Syngamus trachea (19%); Heterakis sp (10%), Ascaridia sp (17%), Raillietina sp (8%) and Eimeria sp (29%) have been identified. Coccidiosis (Eimeria) was the most important pathology in broiler farms with 67% and less important in laying hens (33%). Helminth eggs have been observed more in laying hens. Ultimately laying hens are more infested than broilers.
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the study is to determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum
belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Female wistar rats using the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model . Methods:The plants areal
parts were collected near Tirupathi hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Phytoconstituents were identified through the
chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for antiarthritic
screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of P.glabrum was studied at doses
of 250 and500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, theliver enzyme levels were
determined and a radiological examination was carried out. Results and Discussion:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of Polygonum glabrum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. P. glabrum at 250 and 500 mg/kg
significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control
animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. P. glabrum treated animals showed
dose dependent reduction in decrease in body weight and arthritis.At the same time, P.glabrum significantly altered the biochemical and
haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of P.glabrum was comparable with that of Indomethacin.
Conclusion:The whole plant extract of P.glabrum showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female Wistar
rats.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
ISSN 2321 – 9602
It appears that you are providing information about the publication process of IAJAVS International Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Science. it seems to prioritize a fast publication schedule while maintaining rigorous peer review of the journals in research.
Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences appears to be a reputable journal that values both the speed of publication and the quality of research in the fields of agriculture and veterinary sciences. Researchers interested in submitting their work to this journal of the journalism research.
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Morphological and functional state of immune organs in rats with experimental...QUESTJOURNAL
Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of morphological and functional state of immune organs - thymus and spleen, in rats Wistar with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) and to examine the effectiveness of phytopreparation BNO 10.30 (Imupret). For the experiment were involved 20 rats, which were divided into 4 groups: group 1 - control group of healthy rats, 2 - control group that received "Imupret", 3 - rats with experimental DM-1, 4 - rats with experimental diabetes, treated with the drug "Imupret." Functional changes in the immune organs were evaluated by the results of morphometric analysis; morphological picture was evaluated by histological changes. As a result, in animals with DM-1 were found initial pathological changes of these organs: increased volume of white pulp in the spleen, thymus medulla increase, which indicates the initial inflammatory and degenerative processes. According to the results of the correlation analysis there was established a direct relationship between the presence of DM-1and the pathological changes of spleen and thymus (r = 0,529, p <0.05). In this way, the results demonstrate the importance of early diagnostics of immune organs in patients with type-1.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Abdominal adhesions are one of the most important problems, occurring after intra-abdominal surgery in more than 90% of cases. This condition is the leading cause of bowel obstruction, infertility, and abdominal/pelvic pain. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be non-toxic and exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intraperitoneal lavage with GNP solutions on the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA).
Materials and Methods:
In the current experimental study, thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats. After a standardized peritoneal injury, GNP solutions in different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 50 and 100 ng/ml) were locally administered through nebulization; normal saline (NS) was administered to the control group. Two weeks later, the rats were sacrificed and cecum and peritoneal samples were harvested for histopathological assessment. Blood samples were obtained to determine serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Results:
The rats treated with GNPs had significantly lower microscopic and macroscopic peritoneal adhesion scores, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Score 5 of macroscopic adhesions was reported in all the rats of the control group, unlike the GNP groups. Furthermore, microscopic adhesions were reported with all rats in the control group, unlike the GNP groups (reported in 0 out of 5 rats in all GNP groups). In addition, serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and VEGF underwent no significant changes.
Conclusion:
Compared to the control group, GNPs decreased the severity of peritoneal adhesions, although they did not alter TNF-α, IL-1β or VEGF serum levels.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Histopathological Changes of Splanchnic Organs Induced by Fipronil Toxicity i...Premier Publishers
Fipronil, introduced by Rhone-Plunac, is a member of phenyl pyrazoles which have herbicidal effects. Metabolic studies have showed that Fipronil can accumulate in fatty tissues, fish, fibre or food crops. Limited investigations have been carried on effect of Fipronil on animals and man. Therefore, present study was designed to study the effect of Fipronil toxicity in gross and histopathological parameters in White Leghorn Cockerels. Twenty, one-month old white leg horn male chickens were randomly divided into four groups of 5 birds each. Different doses of Fipronil were administered orally through feed at 1, 5 and 10 ppm levels for 100 days, daily. The tissue from liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of fabricius, testes and intestine were collected. The gross and histopathological changes were severe in group 3 in comparison to group 2 and 1. It may be concluded that even low dose of Fipronil has adverse effect on birds. These ill effects are dependent on dose and duration of exposure of Fipronil. Adequate measures
should be taken to minimize the indiscriminate use of Fipronil, reducing poultry as well as human exposure to it and its further environmental contamination.
Abstract
Objective(s):
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications nowadays. The data about the degree of toxicity and the accumulation of gold nanoparticles in-vivo is not enough to judge.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 including: three GNP-treated and one control group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 0.5 cc of a solution containing 5, 10, and 100 ppm Au daily via intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 7 days, respectively. The control group was treated with 0.5 cc normal saline with same procedure. Then, several biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetat transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyrvate transaminase (SGPT) were evaluated at 2, 7 and 14 days after the last injection. After 14 days, all the rats were sacrificed and liver, lung tissues were separated and evaluated.
Results:
SGOT two days after intervention was significantly greater in the group 2 than the control group. In liver histological assessment, in group 1, basophils were observed around the central veins, in group 2 fading and no observation of central veins was seen, and in group 3 hepatic damage was noticed. The lung histological results showed severe vascular hyperemia in group 1, air sacs damage in group 2, and complete air sacs destruction in group 3.
Conclusion:
The results showed extreme changes in the histopathology of lung and liver tissues caused by spherical nanogold with 5-10 nm size in all of three treatment groups.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Ciprofloxacin resideu and their impact on Biomolecules n eggs of laying hens ...Sayed Koushik Ahamed
I have done this research on eggs for the welfare of mankind now i want to share my article for social awareness. I hope it will helps all researchers for their future further research.
Thank You
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Analysis of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites of chickens in moder...Innspub Net
A study was carried out in the commune of Korhogo to assess gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites in modern poultry farms. To achieve this, 214 droppings samples, including 129 broilers and 85 laying hens from 40 broiler farms and 12 laying chicken farms were collected and analyzed using the flotation method. The results highlighted two (2) species of mallophagous lice namely Menopon gallinae (50%) and Menacanthus stramineus (33%) and a species of bug namely Cimex lectularius (17%) for ectoparasites. As for the gastro-parasites, two (2) species and four (4) genera namely Trichostrongylus tenuis (17%), Syngamus trachea (19%); Heterakis sp (10%), Ascaridia sp (17%), Raillietina sp (8%) and Eimeria sp (29%) have been identified. Coccidiosis (Eimeria) was the most important pathology in broiler farms with 67% and less important in laying hens (33%). Helminth eggs have been observed more in laying hens. Ultimately laying hens are more infested than broilers.
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the study is to determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum
belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Female wistar rats using the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model . Methods:The plants areal
parts were collected near Tirupathi hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Phytoconstituents were identified through the
chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for antiarthritic
screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of P.glabrum was studied at doses
of 250 and500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, theliver enzyme levels were
determined and a radiological examination was carried out. Results and Discussion:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of Polygonum glabrum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. P. glabrum at 250 and 500 mg/kg
significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control
animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. P. glabrum treated animals showed
dose dependent reduction in decrease in body weight and arthritis.At the same time, P.glabrum significantly altered the biochemical and
haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of P.glabrum was comparable with that of Indomethacin.
Conclusion:The whole plant extract of P.glabrum showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female Wistar
rats.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
ISSN 2321 – 9602
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ISSN 2347-2251
Manuscripts should be carefully checked for grammatical and punctuation errors. All papers undergo peer review. Please note that all articles published in this journal represent the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Journal of Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences of the journals to publish paper.
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ISSN 2347-2251
Manuscripts should be carefully checked for grammatical and punctuation errors. All papers undergo peer review. Please note that all articles published in this journal represent the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Journal of Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences of the journal for research.
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Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences". It appears to be an international online journal that publishes research and review articles in English on topics related to agriculture and veterinary sciences is the journal of the research publish journal.
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The Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences is an online international journal that publishes articles quarterly.It's important to note that the specific policies, guidelines, and the editorial board of IAJPB may change over time, so it's advisable to visit the journal's official website or contact the journal of the materials science journal.
The Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences is an online international journal that publishes articles quarterly.It's important to note that the specific policies, guidelines, and the editorial board of IAJPB may change over time, so it's advisable to visit the journal's official website or contact the journal of the research on journaling.
ISSN 2347-2251
Manuscripts should be carefully checked for grammatical and punctuation errors. All papers undergo peer review. Please note that all articles published in this journal represent the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Journal of Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences of the all journal.
Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences appears to be a reputable journal that values both the speed of publication and the quality of research in the fields of agriculture and veterinary sciences. Researchers interested in submitting their work to this journal of the journal research paper.
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Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
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RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
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Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
2. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
Experimental fumonisin toxicosis and the effects of HammecoTox and
Zeolitis on blood morphological and biochemical markers in rats.
Suma R1
,Swapna2
Abstract
In the article the peculiarities of the influence of fodder additives HammecoTox and Zeolit on the organism of rats under conditions of experimental
chronic fumonisin toxicosis are given. The research was carried out under vivar- ium of State Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal
Products and Feed Additives. In the experiment, 40 rats of body weight 165–170 g. were used. 4 groups were formed. First group of animals was control,
in experimental II, III, and IV groups of animals chronic fumonisin toxicosis was reproduced. Rats were injected intragastrically daily of 90 mg of
fumonisin per animal. After the manifestation of clinical signs of fumonisin toxicosis on the 21st day, animals of groups ІІІ-ІV began to feed fodder
additives, respectively, rats from group III – HammecoTox, IV – Zeolit. After injection of fumonisin to experimental rats, the morpho- functional state of
animals has been gradually changing since the first days. Clinical picture of fumonisin toxicosis in experimental rats at day 14 was manifested by dermo-
necrotic effect, it was observed redness and formation of crust on visible mucous membranes, nose, showed swelling and redness of the forelocks. After
the analysis of the obtained results of hematological researches on the 14th day in rats of group II under the conditions of experi- mental fumonisin
toxicosis, was revealed a probable increase in the number of leukocytes, was established a tendency for growth, the number of eosinophils, segmental
neutrophils, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes, compared with the control group. In the analysis of leukograms was noted
a tendency to shift the nucleus to the left. These results indicated the presence of inflammatory processes and reduced immune protection of the
organism of animals in general. After using of feed additives of HammecoTox and Zeolit under conditions of fumonisin toxicosis, of particular note is the
stabilization of hematological parameters, the content of hematocrit, the number of leukocytes, the increase in the content of eosinophils and
lymphocytes, which reflects the activation of hematopoiesis in the organism of experimental animals and its protective factors. An increase in the urea
content in these groups indicates the recovery of urea-synthesis and urea-excretory liver function. In general, for the period of the conducted searches,
the effectiveness of both feed additives in the experimental fumonisin toxicosis has been established. However, it should be noted that more active
processes of normalizing the clinical condition of experimental rats when using HammecoTox, which is due to the complex influence of the means on the
organism of animals.
Key words: toxicology, rat, fumonisin, HammecoTox, Zeolite, hematological parameters
1. Introduction
The nephrotoxic mycotoxin fumonisins are responsible
for encephalomalacia and alterations to the blood's
leukocyte composition (Fravalo et al., 2013; Guta, 2015;
Guerre, 2015; Nleya et al., 2018). Cell membrane
destruction caused by fumonisins is the first cause of liver
and kidney failure in agricultural animals. Fumonisins are a
common cause of motor disturbances and growth
retardation in chickens, a condition known as the "toxic
fodder syndrome" (Kim et al., 2013; Guta, 2016; Grenier et
al., 2016).Using sorbents in combination with tainted feeds
is the most effective way for detoxifying myco- toxins in
cattle and poultry husbandry (Ruda and Vasianovych, 2012;
Brezvyn et al., 2013). The latter lessen the mycotoxin's
biological activity, lessen the toxin's absorption in the
animal's digestive system, and shield the product from
contamination (Kotsiumbas et al., 2010; Hoister et al.,
2013). It's worth noting that several effective therapeutic
and preventative pharmaceuticals have recently been
developed. We stress the need for ongoing research and
development of enterosorbent-based preventative and
therapy strategies. Although all sorbents absorb mycotoxins
in some fashion, the efficiency of their effects varies.
1. Assistant professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sri Venkateswara
College of Pharmacy, Etcherla, Srikakulam.
2. Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Venkateswara College
of pharmacy, Etcherla, Srikakulam.
3. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
remains the subject of sharp discussions of scientists
(Berezovskyi et al., 2014). On the pages of various editions
is constantly emphasized on the ability of sorbents to bind
and remove from the body of animals mycotoxins, but none
of these sorbents completely solves the problem, and ani-
mals still feed damaged feeds with mycotoxins and accord-
ing to the existing clinical picture, they are treated with
antibiotics, as a consequence, in addition to existing prob-
lems, other unwanted side effects are obtained.
The foregoing has allowed us to determine the following
areas of research of feed additives – sorbents of mineral
origin. The purpose of our research was to investigate the
influence of HammecoTox and Zeolit on the body of rats
under the experimental fumonisin toxicosis.
2. Materials and methods
The research was carried out under vivarium of State
Scientific-Research Control Institute of Veterinary
Medicinal Products and Feed Additives. In the experiment,
40 rats were used of body weight 165–170 g. 4 groups were
formed. First – the group of animals served as control, in
experimental II, III, and IV groups of animals was repro-
duced chronic fumonisin toxicosis. Rats received daily in-
travenous injection of 90 mg of fumonisin per animal. After
the clinical signs of fumonisin toxicosis at day 21, animals
of groups ІІІ–ІV began feeding feed additives, respectively,
to the rats of group ІІІ – HammecoTox, ІV – Zeolitis
(Fig. 1).
During the experiment, observations were made of the
behavior of animals, their clinical condition and death
were shown. At the 14th and 21st day of the experiment
rat were weighing and blood was collected for
hematological, immu- nological and biochemical studies,
by decapitation, under a slight, etheric anesthetic,
following the position of the Euro- pean Convention for
the Protection of Vertebrate Animals, which are used in
experiments and other scientific purposes (Strasbourg,
1986).
Fig. 1. Rat. Toxin introduction in ІІ, ІІІ, ІV – groups. Preparation and Feeding of Feed Additives HammecoTox and Zeolite
4. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
After the blood samples were taken, all the rules of asep- sis
and antiseptics were observed. It was carried out a patho-
logic anatomical section, internal organs were selected for
further research.
In the stabilized blood, morphological parameters were
investigated: the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hema-
tocrit, hemoglobin levels in the blood were determined ne-
felometrically by hemoglobin-cyanide method. The total
amount of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood was
examined on a Goryayev counting chamber network, The
leukogram was derived on the basis of microscopy of blood
smears with differential counting of various forms of leuko-
cytes. To evaluate the functional activity of neutrophilic
granulocytes, indicators were used which were determined
by traditional methods: phagocytic activity, phagocytic
index (intensity of phagocytosis). The evaluation of phago-
cytosis in vitro was carried out after 30 min. after the start of
incubation with the culture of microorganisms E. coli. The
intensity of phagocytosis was judged by the index of phago-
cytic index (Vlizlo et al., 2012).
Biochemical indicators: total protein, creatinine, urea,
activity of AsAT, AlAT, alkaline phosphatase (AP),
GGT,amylase in blood serum was determined using a semi-
automatic analyzer (HumaLyzer 3000) (Vlizlo et al., 2012).
The statistical processing of the results of
experimental studies was carried out according to the
program of statisti- cal data analysis package in Microsoft
Exel-97. Student's t- criterion was used to determine the
probability of differ- ences between the mean values.
5. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
3. Results and discussion
Already since the first days of the introduction of fumonisin morpho-functional state of animals gradually changed. Clinical
picture of fumonisin toxicosis in experi- mental rats at day 14 was manifested by dermo-necrotic effect, was observed redness
and formation of crust on visi- ble mucous membranes, nose, was showed swelling and redness of the forelegs (Fig. 2).
A characteristic feature of all
experimental rats, in our
experiment, were swelling in the
area of hip joints with the
subsequent formation of
abscesses. (Fig. 3).
Fig. 2. Clinical manifestations of fumonisin toxicosis in rats of ІІ, ІІІ, ІV groups, formation of crust and hyperemia
of visible mucous membranes
Fig. 3. Manifestations of toxicosis in rats, edema in joints in animals of ІІ, ІІІ, ІV groups
6. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
After the pathologic-anatomical section of the dead ani- mals,
hemorrhages of the thoracic muscles were detected. The
obtained observation results during the experimental period
are given in Table. 1
For the 21st day of the experiment, rats of III and IV groups
according to general clinical parameters, behavior, attitude
to feed, water, condition of external mucous mem- branes,
as well as function of the digestive tract, urinary system did
not differ from the animals of the control group.
Table 1
Clinical observations of rats during the experiment (M ± m, n = 40)
Indexes
Animal Groups
I control II toxin IІІ toxin +Х ІV toxin н+Ц
Initial body weight, g 121.9 ± 2.7 123.1 ± 3.7 122.3 ± 7.1 120.9 ± 2.4
Body weight at the end, g 122.0 ± 2.7 106.1 ± 1.7 120.4 ± 5.7 119.9 ± 3.3
Body temperature, ºС 37.9 ± 0.1 36.5 ± 0.5 37.3 ± 0.3 37.5 ± 0.4
Respiratory rate, movements / min. 127 ± 4 143 ± 9 130 ± 7 132 ± 2
Disorders of the digestive tract absent diarrhea absent absent
Pulse, movements / min. 57 ± 4 69 ± 9 58 ± 7 59 ± 2
Inadvertent reactions absent depressed absent absent
Animal death absent absent absent absent
Analyzing the dynamics of weight indicators of internal
organs was established, that in the 2nd group, when the
weight of the body of animals was reduced, the mass of the
internal organs of rats was also increased. The results of
determining the coefficients of the mass of internal organs
on the 14th day of use of the HammecoTox (H) and Zeolite
(Z) sorbents are given in Table 2.As can be seen from the
results of Table. 4 in rats of ex- perimental group II for
fumonisin toxicosis were significant- ly higher coefficients
of weight of liver, lungs, kidneys and spleen compared to
control group. These digital data in the table are confirmed
by visual studies of the internal organs, in particular, the
spleen (Fig. 4).
Table 2
The coefficients of the mass of the internal organs of rats under conditions of fumonisin toxicosis at day 14 of the use of
HammecoTox (H) and Zeolith (Z), (M ± m, n = 10)
Organs
Animal Groups
I control II toxin IІІ toxin+ H ІVtoxin+ Z
Liver 33.9 ± 0.2 39.7 ± 1.3* 36.5 ± 1.5 37.5 ± 1.2
Lungs 5.3 ± 0.3 9.3 ± 2.1* 8.0 ± 0.7* 8.4 ± 0.4*
Heart 4.1 ± 1.3 3.5 ± 0.1* 2.9 ± 0.2** 3.6 ± 0.3
Left kidney 2.7 ± 0.1 3.3 ± 0.2* 2.8 ± 0.1 3,1 ± 0,1
Right kidney 2.5 ± 0.0 3.2 ± 0.3* 2.7 ± 0.1 2,9 ± 0,1
Kidneys 2.6 ± 0.1 3.2 ±0.2* 2.7 ± 0.1 3,0 ± 0,1
Spleen 4.2 ± 0.4 5.2 ± 0.5** 4.5 ± 0.5 3,4 ± 0,4
Note: hereafter: * – P ≤ 0.05; ** – P ≤ 0.01 in comparison with control
1 2
Fig. 4. Spleen of animals of group II for fumonisin toxi- cosis. 2. Spleen of animals of group IV for use of Zeolite (Z)
7. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
Under these conditions, internal organs of the liver, kid-
neys, spleen were not of typical form, flabby consistency,
slurry of the pulp is excessive. On the section of the paren-
chyma goes beyond the contours, indicating an increase in
the organ in general. At the same time, in rats of III and IV
groups, after appropriate application of the investigated feed
additives Hammeco Tox (H) and Zeolite (Z), was observed
a probable decrease in cardiac mass coefficients, which
indicates the compensatory processes that occur in the body,
under the conditions of toxicosis against the background of
the effects of sorbents.In a comparative aspect, under the
conditions of fumonisin toxicosis, the effects of
HammecoTox (H) and Zeolite (Z) on the important
parameters of homeostasis of the rat were car- ried out. The
results of hematological studies are given in Table 3. After
the analysis of the obtained results of hemato- logical
research on the 14th day in the rats of group ІІ (Ta- ble 3)
was found a probable increase in the number of leuko- cytes,
established a tendency to increase, the number of eo-
sinophils, segmental neutrophils, as well as a decrease in the
number of lymphocytes, monocytes, compared with the con-
trol group. In the analysis of leukograms was noted a tenden-
cy to shift the nucleus to the left. These results indicated the
presence of inflammatory processes and reduced immune
protection of the organism of animals in general.
Table 3
Morphological parameters of blood of rats under conditions of fumonisin toxicosis at day 14 of use of HammecoTox (H) and
Zeolite (Z), (M ± m, n = 10)
Indexes
Animal Groups
I control II toxin IІІ toxin+ H ІVtoxin+ Z
Hemoglobin, g/l 131.2 ± 10.9 115.4 ± 5.0 133.0 ± 9.4 139.9 ± 0.1
Erythrocytes, T/L 7.7 ± 0.1 9.4 ± 0.6 9.0 ± 1.2 7.9 ± 0.1
Hematocrit % 31.6 ± 1.2 28.0 ± 0.6 35.6 ± 0.3 37.0 ± 1.5
Leucocytes, g/l 8.0 ± 1.7 18.9 ± 1.5** 7.9 ± 0.4 9.0 ± 0.3
Lymphocytes % 68.0 ± 1.1 56.0 ± 2.0 69.3 ± 0.7 71.3 ± 1.7
Sticknuclei, % – 2.0 ± 0.0 – 1.3 ± 1.3
Segmented nuclei,% 21.5 ± 7.2 30.7 ± 2.4 20.7 ± 0.7 24.0 ± 1.1
Monocytes, % 1.3 ± 0.7 0.7 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 0.7 2.0 ± 1.1
Eosinophils, % 2.0 ± 1.1 6.7 ± 0.7* 2.6 ± 1.3 1.3 ± 0.7
At the same time, in the rats of groups III and IV, after
the imposition of HammecoTox (H) and Zeolite (Z), these
same indices were respectively close to the control group.
In particular, was found a tendency to increase the num- ber
of erythrocytes, lymphocytes and hematocrit levels compared
to animals of the second group, indicating stimu- lation of the
immune system. In particular, increasing the content of
hemoglobin has a positive value, given the inten- sification of
the processes of oxygen supplying the basic systems of vital
activity of the organism. After analysis of leukocytes in the
above-mentioned groups, the morphologi- cal parameters of
blood did not go beyond the limits of physiological values
and were close to the control animals. Their normalization
indicates the state of inhibition of the inflammatory process,
the enhancement of the activity of immune protection of the
animal organism and the im- provement of the clinical
condition. Obviously, the stimula- tory effect on the
investigated parameters of hemopoiesis is due to the high
biological action of the elements, which are part of the
mineral feed supplement, which have a beneficial effect on
the strengthening of the respiratory function, pro- mote the
flow of oxygen and intensify oxidation-reduction processes,
as a result – the activation of metabolic processes and energy.
Reactions that occur in the background of toxicosis are
caused by selective tropism on various tissues of the body,
resulting in neuro-, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic reactions.
Diagnosing such changes can be done after comprehensive
8. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
study taking into account biochemical changes. The results of biochemical studies of blood in rats are shown in Ta- ble. 4.
Table 4
Biochemical parameters of blood serum of rats for 14 days against the background of toxicosis and under conditions of use of
HammecoTox (H) and Zeolite (Z), (M ± m, n = 10)
Indexes
Animal Groups
I control II toxin IІІ toxin+ H ІVtoxin+ Z
Total protein g/l 79.6 ± 1.4 63.3 ± 1.5* 81.8 ± 2.7 78.7 ± 4.7
AlAt, un/l 74.03 ± 4.2 66.2 ± 6.5 70.1 ± 2.22 69.0 ± 8.4
AsAt, un/l 226.9 ± 24.8 439.4 ± 31.2* 235.4 ± 38.1 337.9 ± 34.5
Lf, un/l 290,8 ± 21.9 275.1 ± 19.5 291.7 ± 9.1 253.9 ± 70.8
GGT, un/l 2.0 ± 1.0 3.0 ± 0.2* 1.9 ± 0.3 2.3 ± 1.0
FAN, % 26.6 ± 1.1 22.3 ± 4.3 32.7 ± 5.1 35.2 ± 5.8
FI, m.t/neutr. 12.6 ± 1.1 9.9 ± 1.0 13.5 ± 0.6 13.4 ± 0.5
Urea, mol/l 5.6 ± 0.6 7.1 ± 0.5 4.9 ± 0.7 5.3 ± 0.7
Creatinine, μmol/l 93.9 ± 2.6 111.4 ± 0.8* 85.0 ± 0.0 86.9 ± 3.2
Amylase, un/l 1715 ± 80.7 2038 ± 44.8 1807.7 ± 81.0 1769.7 ± 31.8
9. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
As the data indicates after the experiment (Table 4), in
the body of rats of experimental groups, which were fed
feed additives with food for a period of 14 days, the pro-
cesses of transamination from alanine and aspartic acids
took place at different intensities. In particular, in blood
serum of rats of group III, the indicators were normalized
and were approached the control group, and in rats of group
IV was detected higher activity of AsAT, compared to the
animals of the control group.
Taking into account that the activity of aminotransferas-
es in the blood is related to their participation in the process-
es of protein synthesis, the use of free amino acids in the
energy and plastic processes in the tissues of an organism
that is intensively growing, the detected changes in the ac-
tivity of enzymes confirm the activating effect of feed addi-
tives on the processes of intensification of the reamination
of free amino acids, and, consequently, on the growth and
development of animals. When evaluating the activity of
AsAT, AlAT and AP, activity of transaminases decreased in
both experimental groups, while the indicators of AP activi-
ty did not undergo significant changes. There was a tenden-
cy to increase AsAT in rats of group IV compared with the
control group, but, considering allowable fluctuations of the
indexes of investigated enzymes, it can be assumed that they
are not beyond the magnitude of physiological boundaries
(Khariv et al., 2016; Guta, 2016; Gutyj et al., 2017).
The higher activity of AsAT and AlAT in rats of group
ІІ was established, it may indicate increased permeability of
cells under the influence of fumonisin, which directly
affects the membrane, possibly breaking their structural
compo- nents.
The established dynamics of activity of investigated
en- zymes in rats of groups III and IV indicates the
stability of membrane structures of hepatocytes and
indicates the posi- tive functionality of the liver in the use
of these agents, the restoration of the structure of
hepatocyte membranes and the absence of their
hepatotoxic effects on the body. The activi- ty of enzymes
indicates the preservation of the liver's protein synthesis
function and the absence of degradation of hepato- cyte
membranes.
Regarding the urea and creatinine content in blood
serum of rats of group III and IV, no significant
differences were found between the experimental and
control groups.
The concentration of creatinine and urea in animals of
the second group exceeded the physiological values,
which was a clinical sign of the development of
inflammatory process in the body of rats against the
background of toxico- sis. The biochemical picture of
blood serum was confirmed by pathological and
anatomical changes, in particular, on the autopsy it is
visible that the kidneys are of dark cherry color, the border
between the cortical and brain zone is erased. All changes
in the kidneys indicate a violation of the function of
filtration and absorption, as well as from the side of the
liver, which was dark cherry color with multiple
hemorrhag- es, and inflammatory points (Fig. 5).
Liver, multiple point hemorrhages The kidneys are hyperemic, the border between the
cortical and the brain is erased
Fig. 5. Internal organs of rats of group ІІ on the 14th day of fumonisin toxicosis
As to the indicators that characterize the immuno-
physiological status, then on the 14th day of application of
HammecoTox (H) and Zeolite (Z), in all experimental groups a
positive trend was observed for the increase of the total amount
of serum protein and its albumin fraction, indicating the intensi-
ty of protein metabolism in the rat (Table 5).
Analysis of cell-level indices of nonspecific resistance
showed that in animals under conditions of toxicosis and
after application of feed additives at 14 days, phagocytic
activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index increased, indi
cating changes in the immune system of animals. When in
rats of group 2, the syndrome of “lazy phagocytes” was
noted, indicating the inhibition of the immune system. Tak-
ing into account the studied blood parameters, it can be
argued that the applied feed additives did not show immuno-
suppressive effects on the body of rats. In general, there was
moderate activation of the cellular level of animal immunity,
which in general had a positive effect on the course of
fumonisinotoxicosis and improved the clinical status of rats.
10. Indo-Am. J. Agric. & Vet. Sci., 2013 VOL .2 ,ISSUSE.2 April , 2014
Table 5
Indices of immunophysiological status of rats under conditions of toxicity for 14 days with the use of feed additives
(M ± m, n = 10)
Indexes
Animal Groups
I control II toxin IІІ toxin+ H ІVtoxin+ Z
Albumin, % 52.03 ± 1.8 38.9 ± 2.4* 48.3 ± 2.1 49.0 ± 1.5
α1-globulin, % 3.9 ± 0.5 5.6 ± 0.7* 8.1 ± 0.2* 8.1 ± 0.2*
α2-globulin, % 7.1 ± 0.8 7.1 ± 0.1 12.4 ± 1.4* 12.4 ± 1.4*
β-globulin, % 17.9 ± 1.3 18.8 ± 0.3 27.4 ± 2.5* 27.4 ± 2.4*
γ-globulin,% 19.1 ± 2.3 19.6 ± 1.7 16.3 ± 2.1 16.3 ± 2.0
In the protein spectrum of blood serum of rats, a slight
decrease in the albumin fraction in all experimental groups
was established. Under conditions of application of
Hammeco Tox and Zeolite in the blood serum of experi-
mental animals, a gradual increase in albumin content was
observed, which had a positive prognostic value and showed
improvement in the clinical condition of animals. Growth of
globulin fractions in animals of these groups indicates the
stimulation of immune defense functions.
Reducing the total protein content during fumonisin tox-
icosis indicates the development of protein metabolism
disturbances in the body of animals. The low albumin con-
tent in the experimental groups, as well as the low ratio of
albumin/globulin fractions, indicates the clinical signs of
impairment of the functioning of the digestive system of
investigated animals, which is also confirmed in the autop-
sy. Obviously, in this process, there were functional changes
in the liver of investigated animals. In particular, increased
activity of the AsAT enzyme indicates a violation of the
integrity of the liver cells (Gutyj et al., 2018). This is espe-
cially true in animals of the second experimental group, as
evidenced by an increase in GGT activity, which reflects the
state of the liver and hepatobiliary tract.
4. Conclusions
After use of feed additives of HammecoTox and Zeolite
under conditions of fumonisin toxicosis, especially should
be noted the stabilization of hematological parameters, the
content of hematocrit, the number of leukocytes, the in-
crease in the content of eosinophils and lymphocytes, which
reflects the activation of hematopoesis in the organism of
experimental animals and its protective factors. An increase
in the urea content in these groups indicates the recovery of
urea-synthesis and urea-excretory liver function.
In general, during the period of the conducted searches,
the effectiveness of both feed additives in the experimental
fumonisin toxicosis was established, and noted more active
processes of normalization of the clinical condition of ex-
perimental rats after use of HammecoTox, due to the com-
plex influence of the agent on the organism of animals.
Comparative preclinical tests have shown that the effec-
tiveness of the feed additive Zeolite is slightly inferior to
Hammeco To
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