The document provides examples and definitions for the modal verbs "must have", "could have", "may have", and "might have" when used with past participles to talk about past possibilities, deductions, or situations. It explains that "must have" is used to express a deduction about the past. "Could have" and "could've" express possibility in the past, "may have" expresses the possibility that something happened or was true in the past, and "might have" can express past possibility or talk about past events/situations that were possible but did not occur. It also notes that "couldn't have" and "can't have" are used to show that something in the past was impossible.

1. •Must + Have + Past ParticipleMust have
•Could + Have + Past Participle
Could have
•May + Have + Past ParticipleMay have
•Might + Have + Past ParticipleMight have

2. •Could + Have + Past Participle
Could
have
Can’t
have

3. 
A: Where's Sheila? She said that
she would be here at 10:00, and
now it's after 10:30.
B: Se must've had some kind of
problem. She's usually very
punctual.
Because B knows that Sheila is
normally very punctual, B
concludes that Sheila had some
kind of problem.
MUST HAVE=
To express a deduction
about the past.
MUST HAVE (must’ve)
Must + Have + Past Participle
MUST HAVE=MUST’VE

4. 
I'm not sure where I met him. It could have
been at a wedding party or it could’ve been at a
business meeting.
(I don't remember where I met him. Maybe
I met him at a wedding party or maybe I
met him at a business meeting.)
I know Jane was at home, but she didn't
answer the phone. She could have been asleep
or taking a shower.
(I know she was at home, but she didn't
answer the phone. Maybe she was asleep
or taking a shower.)
I don't know why Mark left early from
the party. He could have been bored.
(I don't know why Mark left early.
Maybe he was bored.)
COULD HAVE=
To express possibility in the
past.
COULD HAVE (could’ve)
Could + Have + Past Participle
COULD HAVE=COULD’VE

5. "He may have gone to the cinema"
means "Maybe he went to the
cinema" or "It's possible that he
went to the cinema"
"Ann hasn’t arrived yet. She may have
missed the bus.“
(= It is possible that she missed the
buss.)
A: “Patrick didn’t come to the party last
night.”
B: “He may have felt ill.”
(It is possible that he felt ill so he
didn’t come to the party.)
MAY HAVE=
To express the possibility that
something happened in the past or
that something was true in the past.
MAY HAVE
May + Have + Past Participle
MAY HAVE

6. 
A: ‘What was that noise?’
B: ‘It might have been an airplane.’
(It is possible that the noise was
caused by an airplane).
"You were stupid to fight with him. He
might have killed you.“
(It was possible, but luckily it didn’t
happen.)
Meaning 1= to express the
possibility that something
happened in the past.
Meaning 2= to talk about
past events or situations
that were possible but did
not happen.
MAY HAVE
May + Have + Past Participle
MIGHT HAVE

7. •The negative form of could have is could
not have (which is often contracted to
couldn't have). Couldn't have is also
followed by the past participle of the
main verb. It's used to show that
something in the past is impossible.
•You couldn't have seen Jerry yesterday. He's
been out of town since last Tuesday!
•(It's impossible for you to have seen Jerry
yesterday because he wasn't here. He's
been out of town since last Tuesday!)__
•NOTICE: Can’t have can also be used to
express this same meaning.
__________________________________
Couldn’t have
Can’t have

8. 
https://elt.oup.com/student/englishfile/intplus/a_gr
ammar/file03/nef_int_grammar_3_03?cc=us&selLangu
age=en
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/gramma
r/410-modals-of-possibility-and-probability-for-past-
situations1.htm
Now it’s time to practice

9. VERB MEANING EXAMPLE
DROP OFF
INSIST ON
GET THROUGH TO
GET THROUGH WITH
KEEP AWAY FROM
STAY AWAY FROM
USE UP
RUN ACROSS
MULTI-WORD VERBS

10. 
WORD MEANING EXAMPLE
PREVENT (verb)
RESPOND (verb)
SEARCH (verb)
ASSIST (verb)
ASSISTANCE (noun)
RESCUE (verb)
INSPECT (verb)
DROWN (verb)
BITE (verb)
BITE (noun)
HELMET
FATAL (adjective)
PREVENTABLE
(adjective)
ACCIDENT PREVENTION & ASSISTANCE

11. 
ENTIRE LITTLE TRIM
ADJECTIVES

12. 
ABSOLUTELY
ADVERBS

13. 
CHEMICAL
FUEL
NOUNS-SUBSTANCES

14. 
MAKE, HAVE OR GET?
LET
MAKE
HAVE
GET
SOMEONE DO SOMETHING
See the tutorial here and then do the practice there:
http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html

15. 
ACCORDING TO:
AT LEAST:
FEW:
IN PLACE OF:
OTHERWISE:
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

16. 
WORD
DEPARTMENT
METHOD
REST (Noun)
ARRANGE
MISPLACE
MEANING
Match the word with its definition

17. 
CONVINCED
If you are convinced of something,
you are sure that it is true or
genuine.
The audience was convinced by the
powerful arguments of the lecturer.
CONVINCING
causing someone to believe that
something is true or certain
His reasons for not handing in his
homework were not very convincing.
ADJECTIVES: -ED OR -ING