Public Research Organisations (PRO) – Industry interactions in developing countries: Insights from the literature and empirical evidence of Argentina
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1. The document discusses public research organizations (PRO) and their interactions with industry in developing countries like Argentina. It analyzes the benefits and risks of these interactions through case studies and a survey of firms. 2. The case study of a biotechnology interaction found benefits like new discoveries but also risks around privatizing public knowledge. 3. The survey found that firms engaged in more active, bidirectional interactions invested more in innovation and were more likely to patent and formally collaborate. This suggests active partnerships maximize benefits over risks.
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- 16. VI Average effect of linking Outcome variables
- 18. VII Average effect of linking actively a) Innovative behaviour Actively linked firms (ALF) invest 1.4% of sales in in-house innovative activities, which is significantly more than Non-actively linked firms (NALF) They invest as much in in-house as in machinery
- 19. VII Average effect of linking actively b) Innovative outcome No difference was found. Data about linkages and innovation refer both to 2005. Time lags
- 20. VII Average effect of linking actively c) Appropriability behaviour ALF are more prone to patenting. 8% of ALF obtained at least one patent, while only around 1.5%-3.5% of twins obtain patents. ALF are in a privileged position to access public K. Concerns about privatisation of K (Nelson 2004)
- 21. VII Average effect of linking actively e) Goals of the interaction ALF consider all goals more important than NALF The difference is the most important for goals_k and goals_contr The difference is the least important for goals_cap and goals_hr This confirm the active nature of ALF: they value K of PRO and they link to contribute rather than to supplement
- 22. VII Average effect of linking actively f) Payment (only important goals) ALF more often pay for they goals they seek than NALF This may imply that ALF collaborate more formally with NALF Exception: using PRO’s infrastructure (service provision), around 60% of both ALF and NALF pay (no sig. diff)