Proactive and Reactive Approaches – Public Relations Process – Behavioural Public Relations Model – Persuasion Model – Two-way symmetrical Communications Model –
When communications are not enough – 20 great truths about Public Relations.
Public relations involves creating mutual understanding between an organization and its publics, managing reputation, and obtaining favorable publicity to build a good corporate image. Key public relations functions include press relations, product publicity, public affairs, lobbying, and investor relations. Public relations tools encompass written materials, audiovisual content, identity materials, digital marketing, and public service activities. Public relations officers plan programs, write and edit materials, conduct media and community relations, handle corporate identity production, and research and evaluate public perceptions.
Public relations objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. Objectives define the desired outcome of a PR campaign, such as shifting public opinion or increasing awareness. Effective objectives target a specific public and specify the desired change in knowledge, opinions or behaviors, along with the timeframe for accomplishing the change.
Media relations involves obtaining publicity for clients through traditional and social media. It targets gatekeepers in mass and specialized media. Key tactics include media kits, news conferences, interviews and staged events. Success is evaluated by tracking placements, impressions, website traffic and social media engagement. The goal is to distribute newsworthy stories that will interest audiences by emphasizing impact, proximity, timeliness, prominence, novelty and other factors.
This document discusses how to effectively use various online tools and social media for public relations purposes. It provides tips on creating an engaging website, using social media to build your brand and generate leads, monitoring online conversations, and managing your online reputation. While social media allows anyone to share their message, the document emphasizes that simply having an online presence is not enough - you must provide valuable, engaging content to attract and retain an audience. It also cautions that negative online conversations can damage your reputation, so issues should be addressed promptly and respectfully.
This document provides an overview of public relations, including its objectives, roles, and similarities and differences compared to journalism and marketing. It discusses the types of writing, production, research, and special events involved in PR. It also outlines different types of PR jobs in corporations, agencies, government, and non-profits. The document concludes with desirable qualities for PR practitioners and announcements for upcoming class activities.
Public relations is the management of communication between an organization and its key audiences to build and maintain a positive image. It involves evaluating public opinions, formulating communication policies, coordinating programs, and fostering goodwill through two-way communication. The aim of public relations is to persuade audiences like the public, investors, partners and employees to maintain a certain viewpoint about the organization through activities like speaking at conferences and working with the press. Some of the major functions of public relations are community relations, employee relations, product public relations, and financial relations.
The Benefits Of Public Relations To Societyjackie57
Public relations can help companies in three key ways:
1. PR helps identify and solve problems to benefit management by tuning them into new trends and opportunities they may otherwise miss.
2. PR can help companies build alliances and collaborative ventures which can ensure the success of new business launches and programs.
3. PR practitioners interact with more internal and external audiences than anyone else, allowing them to more readily identify new markets, products, and methods.
Public relations involves creating mutual understanding between an organization and its publics, managing reputation, and obtaining favorable publicity to build a good corporate image. Key public relations functions include press relations, product publicity, public affairs, lobbying, and investor relations. Public relations tools encompass written materials, audiovisual content, identity materials, digital marketing, and public service activities. Public relations officers plan programs, write and edit materials, conduct media and community relations, handle corporate identity production, and research and evaluate public perceptions.
Public relations objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. Objectives define the desired outcome of a PR campaign, such as shifting public opinion or increasing awareness. Effective objectives target a specific public and specify the desired change in knowledge, opinions or behaviors, along with the timeframe for accomplishing the change.
Media relations involves obtaining publicity for clients through traditional and social media. It targets gatekeepers in mass and specialized media. Key tactics include media kits, news conferences, interviews and staged events. Success is evaluated by tracking placements, impressions, website traffic and social media engagement. The goal is to distribute newsworthy stories that will interest audiences by emphasizing impact, proximity, timeliness, prominence, novelty and other factors.
This document discusses how to effectively use various online tools and social media for public relations purposes. It provides tips on creating an engaging website, using social media to build your brand and generate leads, monitoring online conversations, and managing your online reputation. While social media allows anyone to share their message, the document emphasizes that simply having an online presence is not enough - you must provide valuable, engaging content to attract and retain an audience. It also cautions that negative online conversations can damage your reputation, so issues should be addressed promptly and respectfully.
This document provides an overview of public relations, including its objectives, roles, and similarities and differences compared to journalism and marketing. It discusses the types of writing, production, research, and special events involved in PR. It also outlines different types of PR jobs in corporations, agencies, government, and non-profits. The document concludes with desirable qualities for PR practitioners and announcements for upcoming class activities.
Public relations is the management of communication between an organization and its key audiences to build and maintain a positive image. It involves evaluating public opinions, formulating communication policies, coordinating programs, and fostering goodwill through two-way communication. The aim of public relations is to persuade audiences like the public, investors, partners and employees to maintain a certain viewpoint about the organization through activities like speaking at conferences and working with the press. Some of the major functions of public relations are community relations, employee relations, product public relations, and financial relations.
The Benefits Of Public Relations To Societyjackie57
Public relations can help companies in three key ways:
1. PR helps identify and solve problems to benefit management by tuning them into new trends and opportunities they may otherwise miss.
2. PR can help companies build alliances and collaborative ventures which can ensure the success of new business launches and programs.
3. PR practitioners interact with more internal and external audiences than anyone else, allowing them to more readily identify new markets, products, and methods.
Introduction to strategic planning in public relationMajharul Shemon
Public relations involves strategic communication to build relationships between organizations and stakeholders. It is a continuous process dating back to the early 20th century. The RACE model outlines the key elements of any PR activity as research, action, communication, and evaluation. Strategic PR planning combines these elements with research, planning, and careful implementation of strategies to achieve goals like managing reputation. It involves four phases: formative research on the situation, organization, and publics; developing strategy, message, and response; selecting tactical communications; and evaluating the strategic plan. PR contributes at societal, management, and program levels by understanding social responsibilities, advising managers, and implementing communication plans.
The document outlines communications plans for the Eastwood Community League to improve engagement. It includes:
1) Internal communications to improve communication between board members and volunteers through meetings, email, and e-newsletters to promote events.
2) An external "Fun and Food" campaign using resident-generated social media posts to create awareness and encourage participation.
3) Metrics to evaluate the campaigns like social media followers/engagement and membership increases.
Maple Leaf Foods and Cadbury both faced food contamination crises. Maple Leaf Foods handled the crisis well with immediate transparency, open communication, and a public apology from the CEO. In contrast, Cadbury was slow to notify the public and regulators, did not accept responsibility, and faced public backlash. Effective crisis management requires preparation, transparency, swift action, and upholding organizational values to maintain public trust.
The document discusses creating a measurable public relations plan with four key steps:
1) Define specific, measurable objectives that are aligned with business goals and target audiences and have defined timeframes.
2) Align marketing strategies and communication tactics to target audiences' preferences.
3) Evaluate communication tactics based on their return on investment.
4) Summarize the plan and measurements and review them monthly, quarterly, and annually.
Evaluating and Measuring the Effects of Public RelationsNosdaComunicacao
This document discusses different ways to evaluate and measure the effects of public relations. It begins by outlining three common paradigms for what public relations functions as - a messaging function, marketing function, or strategic management function. The document argues public relations is best understood as a strategic management function that builds relationships.
It then provides an overview of different levels of analysis for measuring public relations quality - from individual communication programs to the overall organizational function to societal impacts. Various research methods are discussed for evaluating public relations at each level, including formative research, process research, and outcome evaluations. Key indicators for assessing relationship quality like trust, control mutuality, and satisfaction are also defined. The document concludes that recall of organizational behaviors has
Public opinion is shaped by opinion leaders who influence others. Opinion leaders are knowledgeable experts on specific issues who help frame debates. There are two types of public - the attentive public who rely on opinion leaders, and the inattentive public. Individuals adopt new ideas through a five stage process of awareness, interest, trial, evaluation, and adoption. Persuasion involves transmitting messages to induce attitude or behavior change while allowing some free choice. Effective persuasion considers audience analysis, appealing to self-interest, audience participation, clear calls to action, source credibility, message clarity, context, and appropriate communication channels.
Systems theory describes organizations as sets of interconnected subsystems that both affect and are affected by their external environment. An open system organization is responsive to this environment, continually adjusting to maintain balance, with permeable boundaries between internal and external influences. In contrast, a closed system has impermeable boundaries and does not adapt to changes, focusing only on internal goals. For public relations, an open systems approach is preferable, as it allows an organization to proactively monitor, anticipate, and respond to feedback from external publics.
This document contains excerpts from a textbook on public relations strategies and tactics. It discusses concepts related to communication, including models of communication, how audiences receive and process messages, factors that influence attention to and belief in messages, and the five stages of adopting new products or ideas. It also addresses objectives for Chapter 7, which are to understand communication concepts and practice in public relations. Throughout, key concepts are defined and examples are provided.
The document provides a history of the development of public relations. It discusses how PR has evolved from early uses of persuasive communication by leaders to shape public opinion, to the modern practice of two-way communication, research, and strategic planning. Key developments included the professionalization of PR in the 1920s in the US, the growth of PR's role in politics and nation-building in the 20th century, and the rise of PR agencies and in-house corporate PR departments. The document also summarizes models of PR, such as press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetric, and two-way symmetric.
Introduction to Public Relations | What is PR?Alli Mowrey
Public relations (PR) involves strategic communication to build mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their stakeholders. It requires skills in various areas including communication, research, negotiation, and problem solving. PR professionals use tools like the RACE process (research, action, communication, evaluation) and work in fields such as media relations, publicity, and community outreach. While related to advertising and marketing, PR differs in that its goal is to generate goodwill rather than directly sell products. An integrated approach uses various strategies and tactics to consistently convey messaging through multiple channels.
The document summarizes a group presentation on public relations. It includes the group profile, definitions of public relations, descriptions of common public relations plans and processes, tools used in public relations, advantages and disadvantages, and how to evaluate a public relations program. The group's presentation covered the key aspects of developing and implementing an effective public relations strategy and evaluating its impact.
Public relations is a management function that involves monitoring public attitudes and maintaining mutual understanding between an organization and its public. It aims to improve communication channels and establish two-way information flow. Public relations helps organizations compete effectively in a competitive global environment. It is defined as the management function that evaluates public attitudes, identifies organizational policies and procedures, and executes action plans to earn public understanding and acceptance. Models of public relations include the publicity model, public information model, and two-way symmetrical model where communication control is shared between the organization and public.
The document discusses crisis management strategies and provides case studies of how Odwalla and Exxon responded to crises.
Odwalla had an E. coli outbreak in its apple juice that sickened customers. The company immediately recalled all potentially contaminated products, took responsibility, communicated regularly with employees and the public, and implemented new safety processes. It recovered quickly with minimal long-term effects.
Exxon had an oil tanker run aground and spill oil in Alaska. The company was slow to respond, did not communicate openly, and blamed media. It failed to show it had systems to handle the crisis or commitment to preventing future issues. Exxon lost market share and reputation as a result.
Best Practices in Social Media for NGO's [Report]Social Samosa
As an NGO, your social media activities should aim at creating awareness, generating interest, encouraging sharing, and enlisting support and participationfor your initiatives.
This document outlines the RACE model for organizational communication and problem solving. The RACE model stands for Research, Action, Communication, and Evaluation. It involves researching issues, taking action based on research findings, communicating actions to relevant parties, and evaluating whether the problem was solved. An example is provided of a company researching customer wants through a marketing information system, developing a product to meet those wants, promoting the product through relevant media channels, and evaluating whether sales increased or customer awareness changed. The RACE model provides a framework for organizations to identify, address, and resolve problems in a systematic manner.
The document discusses India's Pulse Polio immunization campaign established in 1995-96 to eradicate polio. Key steps taken by the government included establishing rapid response teams, recruiting health workers, setting up border booths, and making celebrities brand ambassadors. Media played a role by promoting vaccination and combating rumors. The campaign was highly successful, with India being certified polio-free by the WHO and Regional Certification Commission in 2012 and 2014 respectively after the last reported case in 2011.
Public relations (PR) involves shaping and maintaining a positive image for a company, organization, or individual in the eyes of various audiences. PR professionals work behind the scenes to position clients favorably through tools like press releases, media outreach, and researching public opinion. PR has several advantages over advertising, including being more targeted and cost-effective at reaching audiences, and helping with efforts like product launches and image building. Key differences between PR and advertising are that PR focuses on shaping perceptions rather than direct selling, and relies on securing free publicity rather than paid placements.
The document discusses the relationship between public relations and marketing. It states that both focus on consumers and customers, and their programs can affect each other's success. However, public relations focuses on building relationships with all stakeholders, not just consumers, while marketing primarily targets consumers. The rise of integrated marketing communications (IMC) is discussed, which takes a consumer-focused approach using various media to build relationships with individuals. IMC follows the same process as public relations and marketing but coordinates advertising, PR, and other communications.
This document discusses marketing and public relations methods and techniques. It begins by outlining issues that require marketing or PR solutions such as quality, image, price, value, market, and competition. It then provides examples of how marketing addresses quality, price, value, image, and competition through advertisements. Public relations techniques discussed include press releases, media packs, briefings, press conferences, handouts, interviews, and maintaining contacts and networks. The document comprehensively explains key marketing and PR concepts with relevant examples.
The document provides an overview of public relations including definitions, roles, crisis communication plans, functions of PR, differences between PR and branding, qualities of PR practitioners, differences between in-house PR and agency PR, media and non-media PR tools, importance of social responsibility and new age media in PR campaigns. Key points include defining PR as managing relationships between an organization and the public, the importance of planning for crises in advance, functions of PR like building reputation and handling media relations, and examples of using new age media like social media and websites for PR campaigns.
Introduction to strategic planning in public relationMajharul Shemon
Public relations involves strategic communication to build relationships between organizations and stakeholders. It is a continuous process dating back to the early 20th century. The RACE model outlines the key elements of any PR activity as research, action, communication, and evaluation. Strategic PR planning combines these elements with research, planning, and careful implementation of strategies to achieve goals like managing reputation. It involves four phases: formative research on the situation, organization, and publics; developing strategy, message, and response; selecting tactical communications; and evaluating the strategic plan. PR contributes at societal, management, and program levels by understanding social responsibilities, advising managers, and implementing communication plans.
The document outlines communications plans for the Eastwood Community League to improve engagement. It includes:
1) Internal communications to improve communication between board members and volunteers through meetings, email, and e-newsletters to promote events.
2) An external "Fun and Food" campaign using resident-generated social media posts to create awareness and encourage participation.
3) Metrics to evaluate the campaigns like social media followers/engagement and membership increases.
Maple Leaf Foods and Cadbury both faced food contamination crises. Maple Leaf Foods handled the crisis well with immediate transparency, open communication, and a public apology from the CEO. In contrast, Cadbury was slow to notify the public and regulators, did not accept responsibility, and faced public backlash. Effective crisis management requires preparation, transparency, swift action, and upholding organizational values to maintain public trust.
The document discusses creating a measurable public relations plan with four key steps:
1) Define specific, measurable objectives that are aligned with business goals and target audiences and have defined timeframes.
2) Align marketing strategies and communication tactics to target audiences' preferences.
3) Evaluate communication tactics based on their return on investment.
4) Summarize the plan and measurements and review them monthly, quarterly, and annually.
Evaluating and Measuring the Effects of Public RelationsNosdaComunicacao
This document discusses different ways to evaluate and measure the effects of public relations. It begins by outlining three common paradigms for what public relations functions as - a messaging function, marketing function, or strategic management function. The document argues public relations is best understood as a strategic management function that builds relationships.
It then provides an overview of different levels of analysis for measuring public relations quality - from individual communication programs to the overall organizational function to societal impacts. Various research methods are discussed for evaluating public relations at each level, including formative research, process research, and outcome evaluations. Key indicators for assessing relationship quality like trust, control mutuality, and satisfaction are also defined. The document concludes that recall of organizational behaviors has
Public opinion is shaped by opinion leaders who influence others. Opinion leaders are knowledgeable experts on specific issues who help frame debates. There are two types of public - the attentive public who rely on opinion leaders, and the inattentive public. Individuals adopt new ideas through a five stage process of awareness, interest, trial, evaluation, and adoption. Persuasion involves transmitting messages to induce attitude or behavior change while allowing some free choice. Effective persuasion considers audience analysis, appealing to self-interest, audience participation, clear calls to action, source credibility, message clarity, context, and appropriate communication channels.
Systems theory describes organizations as sets of interconnected subsystems that both affect and are affected by their external environment. An open system organization is responsive to this environment, continually adjusting to maintain balance, with permeable boundaries between internal and external influences. In contrast, a closed system has impermeable boundaries and does not adapt to changes, focusing only on internal goals. For public relations, an open systems approach is preferable, as it allows an organization to proactively monitor, anticipate, and respond to feedback from external publics.
This document contains excerpts from a textbook on public relations strategies and tactics. It discusses concepts related to communication, including models of communication, how audiences receive and process messages, factors that influence attention to and belief in messages, and the five stages of adopting new products or ideas. It also addresses objectives for Chapter 7, which are to understand communication concepts and practice in public relations. Throughout, key concepts are defined and examples are provided.
The document provides a history of the development of public relations. It discusses how PR has evolved from early uses of persuasive communication by leaders to shape public opinion, to the modern practice of two-way communication, research, and strategic planning. Key developments included the professionalization of PR in the 1920s in the US, the growth of PR's role in politics and nation-building in the 20th century, and the rise of PR agencies and in-house corporate PR departments. The document also summarizes models of PR, such as press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetric, and two-way symmetric.
Introduction to Public Relations | What is PR?Alli Mowrey
Public relations (PR) involves strategic communication to build mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their stakeholders. It requires skills in various areas including communication, research, negotiation, and problem solving. PR professionals use tools like the RACE process (research, action, communication, evaluation) and work in fields such as media relations, publicity, and community outreach. While related to advertising and marketing, PR differs in that its goal is to generate goodwill rather than directly sell products. An integrated approach uses various strategies and tactics to consistently convey messaging through multiple channels.
The document summarizes a group presentation on public relations. It includes the group profile, definitions of public relations, descriptions of common public relations plans and processes, tools used in public relations, advantages and disadvantages, and how to evaluate a public relations program. The group's presentation covered the key aspects of developing and implementing an effective public relations strategy and evaluating its impact.
Public relations is a management function that involves monitoring public attitudes and maintaining mutual understanding between an organization and its public. It aims to improve communication channels and establish two-way information flow. Public relations helps organizations compete effectively in a competitive global environment. It is defined as the management function that evaluates public attitudes, identifies organizational policies and procedures, and executes action plans to earn public understanding and acceptance. Models of public relations include the publicity model, public information model, and two-way symmetrical model where communication control is shared between the organization and public.
The document discusses crisis management strategies and provides case studies of how Odwalla and Exxon responded to crises.
Odwalla had an E. coli outbreak in its apple juice that sickened customers. The company immediately recalled all potentially contaminated products, took responsibility, communicated regularly with employees and the public, and implemented new safety processes. It recovered quickly with minimal long-term effects.
Exxon had an oil tanker run aground and spill oil in Alaska. The company was slow to respond, did not communicate openly, and blamed media. It failed to show it had systems to handle the crisis or commitment to preventing future issues. Exxon lost market share and reputation as a result.
Best Practices in Social Media for NGO's [Report]Social Samosa
As an NGO, your social media activities should aim at creating awareness, generating interest, encouraging sharing, and enlisting support and participationfor your initiatives.
This document outlines the RACE model for organizational communication and problem solving. The RACE model stands for Research, Action, Communication, and Evaluation. It involves researching issues, taking action based on research findings, communicating actions to relevant parties, and evaluating whether the problem was solved. An example is provided of a company researching customer wants through a marketing information system, developing a product to meet those wants, promoting the product through relevant media channels, and evaluating whether sales increased or customer awareness changed. The RACE model provides a framework for organizations to identify, address, and resolve problems in a systematic manner.
The document discusses India's Pulse Polio immunization campaign established in 1995-96 to eradicate polio. Key steps taken by the government included establishing rapid response teams, recruiting health workers, setting up border booths, and making celebrities brand ambassadors. Media played a role by promoting vaccination and combating rumors. The campaign was highly successful, with India being certified polio-free by the WHO and Regional Certification Commission in 2012 and 2014 respectively after the last reported case in 2011.
Public relations (PR) involves shaping and maintaining a positive image for a company, organization, or individual in the eyes of various audiences. PR professionals work behind the scenes to position clients favorably through tools like press releases, media outreach, and researching public opinion. PR has several advantages over advertising, including being more targeted and cost-effective at reaching audiences, and helping with efforts like product launches and image building. Key differences between PR and advertising are that PR focuses on shaping perceptions rather than direct selling, and relies on securing free publicity rather than paid placements.
The document discusses the relationship between public relations and marketing. It states that both focus on consumers and customers, and their programs can affect each other's success. However, public relations focuses on building relationships with all stakeholders, not just consumers, while marketing primarily targets consumers. The rise of integrated marketing communications (IMC) is discussed, which takes a consumer-focused approach using various media to build relationships with individuals. IMC follows the same process as public relations and marketing but coordinates advertising, PR, and other communications.
This document discusses marketing and public relations methods and techniques. It begins by outlining issues that require marketing or PR solutions such as quality, image, price, value, market, and competition. It then provides examples of how marketing addresses quality, price, value, image, and competition through advertisements. Public relations techniques discussed include press releases, media packs, briefings, press conferences, handouts, interviews, and maintaining contacts and networks. The document comprehensively explains key marketing and PR concepts with relevant examples.
The document provides an overview of public relations including definitions, roles, crisis communication plans, functions of PR, differences between PR and branding, qualities of PR practitioners, differences between in-house PR and agency PR, media and non-media PR tools, importance of social responsibility and new age media in PR campaigns. Key points include defining PR as managing relationships between an organization and the public, the importance of planning for crises in advance, functions of PR like building reputation and handling media relations, and examples of using new age media like social media and websites for PR campaigns.
Modern corporations operate globally and seek to manage their public image and reputation. They face distrust from the public and scrutiny over their influence. Public relations aims to help restore trust in business through practices like corporate social responsibility. Media relations are important for perceptions of companies, and negative coverage can damage reputations. Customer and employee relations also impact reputation, so companies work to address issues and gain feedback. Marketing communications integrate tactics like publicity, sponsorships, and cause-related initiatives to support business goals while benefiting social causes.
Public relations (PR) involves managing relationships with various groups, known as publics, that have interest in or can impact a company's objectives. PR uses tools like events, written materials, and web content to promote a company's image and products. The key functions of a PR department are press relations, product publicity, corporate communications, lobbying, and advising management. While marketing focuses on customers, distributors, and competitors, PR considers a wider range of publics. Marketing public relations (MPR) specifically supports corporate promotion and image building through unpaid media coverage.
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsLaura Cognat
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, social media tactics, corporate social responsibility, and examples of successful and failed PR campaigns using social media. Discussion questions at the end explore how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media that may change in the future.
Chapter 4 social media in public relationsSasaTodorovic8
The document provides an overview of social media in public relations. It discusses key concepts like the Edelman Cloverleaf model for classifying media, the history of PR, important PR theories including agenda-setting and cultivation theory, and how credibility is developed. It also covers topics like social capital and conflict/collaboration, best practices for social media tactics and PR newsrooms, examples of successful and failed PR campaigns, and the role of corporate social responsibility and how it may change in the future. Discussion questions address how PR is changing with social media, integrating different media types, and important CSR issues related to social media.
Integrated Marketing Communication PlanFelicia Pratt
This document outlines an integrated marketing communications plan for ConsoE's new product, ChargeIt, a portable solar-powered battery. The plan aims to drive collaboration across ConsoE departments and create awareness of ChargeIt. Stakeholders like executives and Wall Street are skeptical of ConsoE entering the consumer market. The plan includes messaging tailored to each stakeholder, and an implementation timeline with tactics like trade shows and earned media to generate interest over six months for $250,000. Metrics will track social media engagement, trade show leads, and media stories to measure success.
This document provides an overview of integrated marketing communications (IMC). It defines IMC as coordinating marketing communication elements such as advertising, PR, social media, and audience analytics to deliver consistent branding across channels. The document outlines IMC planning processes, including setting objectives, strategies, and tactics. It also discusses various IMC tools like advertising, sales promotion, publicity, interactive media, and unconventional media. Finally, it proposes discussion topics about applying IMC concepts and provides examples of major advertising agencies in India.
Public relations is the practice of managing communication between an organization and its various publics. It aims to establish and maintain mutually beneficial relationships. The RACE model is an effective process for developing strategic PR plans consisting of research, action planning, communication, and evaluation. Research involves understanding the problem and stakeholders. The action plan develops goals, targets audiences, and determines the best course of action. Communication implements tactics to effectively deliver messages to audiences. Evaluation determines if the campaign achieved its objectives by measuring public perception.
“The impact of advertisement of consumer’s goods on customer’s brand preference”badhon11-2104
This document is a project thesis submitted by Mithun Kumar Basak to his professor Ms. Mustari Alam on the topic "The impact of advertisement of consumer’s goods on customer’s brand preference". The thesis contains chapters on literature review, advertising, brand preference, influence of advertising on brand preference, and analytical interpretation with tables and charts. It aims to study how advertisements in different media impact customer brand preferences.
The document provides a social media readiness checklist to help companies develop a social media strategy and get their organization ready to engage through social technologies. It covers researching customer social behaviors and competitors' activities, developing processes for community management and crisis response, setting policies, allocating resources to key roles like community managers and social strategists, using tools for internal communication and analytics, and conducting a social readiness assessment to measure how prepared an organization is to launch social media initiatives. The goal is to help companies fully prepare and align their internal roles, processes, and stakeholders before engaging with customers through social media.
1. The microenvironment consists of people and groups that directly interact with and influence a business, including distributors, employees, customers, stakeholders, competitors, suppliers, shareholders, marketing intermediaries, media, and investors.
2. Distributors are intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers that participate in marketing and distribution. Employees drive customer satisfaction and embody the marketing concept. Customers are vital and the focus is shifting to customer orientation and lifetime value.
3. Other microenvironment groups that influence businesses are stakeholders like local communities, competitors who may launch new products, suppliers that provide raw materials and services, shareholders that invest and want returns, and marketing intermediaries, media, and investors that help promote and fund businesses.
The document outlines the key elements of an effective social media marketing plan, including goals, strategies, and metrics. It discusses the importance of listening to customers and competitors, setting clear goals such as brand awareness and customer satisfaction. It also describes the eight-step social media marketing cycle of listening, setting goals, defining strategies, identifying audiences, selecting tools, implementing, monitoring, and tuning. Additionally, it provides examples of strategies like connecting with influencers and contributing expertise to engage customers and achieve goals. Finally, it emphasizes linking goals to calls to action to design measurable social media campaigns.
WTO & Trade Issues - International Promotional Strategies.pptxDiksha Vashisht
Communication is the basis of promotional activities. Companies attempt to convey product information to potential customers. Promotion involves marketing efforts that inform, remind and persuade customers. Product or service promotion is carried through communication and certain tools are adopted for this:
Advertising: The advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of goods and services by the identified sponsor in the exchange of a fee
COM 310 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxclarebernice
COM 310 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of a social media consultation document.
Social media often reaches multiple departments within an organization such as human resources, legal, marketing, operations, sales, and more. Planning
strategically offers an organization a blueprint of sorts that can be communicated to these various stakeholders. These plans help set direction and also help
prioritize initiatives while keeping everyone on the same page. Equally important is planning for social media mishaps. It is never more apparent that strategic
planning was not done or did not include a contingency plan than when social media engagement snowballs into a public relations disaster.
In this assessment, you will explore strategic social media use for an existing organization of your choice. This paper will cover two platforms you feel are relevant
to the organization’s goals and detail how these platforms can be used in tandem to reach organizational goals. You will be both creative and strategic and align
goals to specific tactics on each platform of your choice. You will also include a plan of action to guide decision making when negative comments make a
community toxic or when opportunities present themselves to engage the audience in positive communication.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
Illustrate social media best practices for achieving organizational goals
Choose appropriate social media content for meeting the communications needs and goals of organizations
Analyze the effectiveness of social media strategies for various personal, professional, and organizational goals
Devise effective approaches for constructively addressing audience feedback on social media
Prompt
For this assessment, you will first identify a local business with little or no social media presence (if there is an issue with access to a local business, work with
your instructor to identify one you may use). Assume you have been asked to create a social media consultation document to help executives understand and
plan for social media. This paper will be informational and is not specifically a social media strategy. Instead, it is meant to inform decision makers and provide
them the information they would need to begin creating a social media strategy.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Social Media Overview: This section will give you the opportunity to research the history of social media and identify best practices regarding the use of
social media. This will allow you t ...
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
BIOLOGY NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL (NECO) 2024 PRACTICAL MANUAL.pptx
Public Relations- Intro and PR Models (Quiz)
1. v
Subject :
Fundamentals of PR
Time :
40 Minutes
PUBLIC
RELATIONS
Question :
22 Multiple Choice Questions
Online quiz
SYLLABUS: (UNIT 1)
Proactive and Reactive Approaches – Public Relations Process – Behavioural Public
Relations Model – Persuasion Model – Two way symmetrical Communications Model –
When communications is not enough – 20 great truths about Public Relations
Submitted to:
Prof. Mahak Balani
(As part of Academic requirement for MBA Degree)
Submitted by:
Chandana K M
Darshan P
2. Guidelines:
● Each question carries one mark. No negative marking for wrong answers
(We encourage participants to attempt all questions)
● Participants are allowed to choose only one option from the set of
alternatives given.
● If participants select more than one answer the first given answer is
considered for evaluation.
3. Human relations in an organization link between
employees and organization. Public relations in an
organization link between public and
___________ ?
1
A.
C.
B.
D.
Stakeholders
Media
Organization
All of the above
Topic:
Intro to PR
Time :
30 Seconds
4. 1a
Human relations in an
organization link between
employees and organization.
Public relations in an organization
link between public and
___________ ?
A. Stakeholders
C. Media
B. Organization
D. All of the above
Public relations is a strategic communication process
that builds mutually beneficial relationships between
organizations and their public.
Public relations can also be defined as the practice of
managing communication between an organization
and its publics.
5. Public relation is a broad set of communication activity
used to create and maintain favourable relations between
the organization and public.
The term “Public” here means ?
2
A.
C.
B.
D.
Employees’ family
Government
Students
All of the above
Topic:
Intro to PR
Time :
30 Seconds
6. 2a
The term “Public” here
means ?
A. Employees family
C. Government
B. Students
D. All of the above
● Shareholders and potential shareholders of
the company;
● Employees and their families; appropriate
trade unions; employment officers
appointment boards and training officers
concerned with advice on careers.
● Suppliers of raw materials.
● Wholesale and retail trade customers.
● Under many circumstances it may also
include school children and students in so
far as they eventually become customers.
● Other companies in the same industry, and
the firm’s own trade association.
● The authorities and residents of areas who
are affected by its physical presence or its
activities, in ways other than by purchasing
its products.
● Towns where the company has factories
come into this category; so do places
where employment is created or removed.
7. 3
What should organization do during
conditions of crisis ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Argue over the cause
Hold destiny responsible
Apologize for the wrong and start
compensate
Pass the buck to the competitor
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
8. 3a
What should organization do during
conditions of crisis ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Argue over the cause
Hold destiny responsible
Apologize for the wrong and start
compensate
Pass the buck to the competitor
9. 4
Which of the following is not an
government PR agency
A.
B.
C.
D.
Doordarshan (DD)
Akashvani (AIR)
Press Information Bureau (PIB)
None of the above
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
10. 4a
Which of the following is not an
government PR agency
A.
B.
C.
D.
Doordarshan (DD)
Akashvani (AIR)
Press Information Bureau (PIB)
None of the above
Doordarshan is public service broadcaster
founded by Government of India in 1959.
AIR founded by Government of India in 1937.
PIB, is a nodal agency of the Government of
India under Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting founded in 1919.
11. 5
___________ is an example of
public relations.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Using social media to
communicate with customers
Offering a discount to a retailer
for buying your product
Calling existing customers to offer a
discount on a new product
Running a cross-promotion discount
on sales of products
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
12. 5a
___________ is an example of
public relations.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Using social media to
communicate with customers
Offering a discount to a retailer
for buying your product
Calling existing customers to offer a
discount on a new product
Running a cross-promotion discount
on sales of products
Public relations (PR) is the practice of deliberately
managing the release and spread of information
between an individual or an organization and the public
in order to affect the public perception.
Public relations (PR) and publicity differ in that PR is
controlled internally, whereas publicity is not controlled
and contributed by external parties.
Option B,C,D here are fine examples for publicity.
13. Which one of the below listed item is NOT
considered as tools for PR.
6
A.
C.
B.
D.
Social media
Trade secrets
Newsletters
Banners
Topic:
Intro to PR
Time :
30 Seconds
14. Tools of PR includes:
● Brochures and catalogues
● Live TV/Radio program
● Press release
● Advertisements
6a
A.
C.
B.
D.
Social media
Trade secrets
Newsletters
Banners
15. 7
Which of the following is NOT the
reason for the rejection of company
press releases by journalists ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They are not newsworthy.
They are well-written.
They are sent to the wrong person.
Lacking in important information.
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
16. 7a
Which of the following is NOT the
reason for the rejection of company
press releases by journalists ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They are not newsworthy.
They are well-written.
They are sent to the wrong person.
Lacking in important information.
17. ___________ is the most common public
relations activity performed by the in-house public
relations department.
8
A.
C.
B.
D.
Measurement and
analysis
Product
packaging
Media
relations
Special events
Topic:
Intro to PR
Time :
30 Seconds
18. 8a
___________ is the most
common public relations activity
performed by the in-house public
relations department.
A.
Measurement and
analysis
B.
Product
packaging
C.
Media
relations
D. Special events
Roles:
● Provide company information to it’s key
public.
● Planning publicity strategies and
campaigns.
● Writing and producing presentations and
press releases.
● Dealing with enquiries from the public, the
press, and related organisations.
● Organising events such as press
conferences, open days, exhibitions, tours
and visits.
● Executing strategies with the
communication tactics of news releases,
employee newsletters, position papers,
media placements, Website
content,speeches, blogs, and social media
messaging.
19. 9
Which government department acts as an
important channel for communicating
newly released government schemes for
the public ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Department of Transport
Department of Information and
Public Relations
Department of Commerce and
Industry
Department of Agriculture
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
20. 9a
Which government department acts as an
important channel for communicating
newly released government schemes for
the public ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Department of Transport
Department of Information and
Public Relations
Department of Commerce and
Industry
Department of Agriculture
21. 10
____________ distinguishes the Public
relations function from mainstream journalism.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Objectivity
Transparency
Advocacy
Persuasion
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Intro to PR
22. 10a
____________ distinguishes the Public
relations function from mainstream journalism.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Objectivity
Transparency
Advocacy
Persuasion
● Advocacy means to stand for for your rights.
● Public support for an idea.
● The act of pleading or arguing.
● There is no such scenarios in an
organization to argue against public.
23. i
Question hints:
● Proactive Approach: Positive messages and updates.
● Reactive Approach: Responding to opportunities and
situations that come your way.
24. A food establishment describes their product to be
fresh, healthy and they also list out nutritional guide
in commercials.
Which type of PR approach is this ?
11
A.
C.
B.
D.
Reactive Approach
Symmetrical
Approach
Proactive Approach
Asymmetrical
Approach
Topic:
Proactive & Reactive
Approach
Time :
30 Seconds
25. Proactive approach/strategy involves identifying positive messages and using a
multitude of tools to communicate those messages to the public.
Benefits of Proactive approach:
● Increased exposure
● Greater brand awareness
● Improved reputation
● Better control
11a
A.
C.
B.
D.
Reactive Approach
Symmetrical
Approach
Proactive Approach
Asymmetrical
Approach
26. FSSAI had banned the sale of “Maggi” alleging it
contained harmful monosodium glutamate (MSG) and
excess lead. Owing to this nationwide ban Nestlé recalled
all the Maggi products from all the outlets and
emotionally promised that they'll be back in market
through media. Which type of PR approach is this ?
12
A.
C.
B.
D.
Reactive Approach
Symmetrical
Approach
Proactive Approach
Asymmetrical
Approach
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
Proactive & Reactive
Approach
27. Reactive approach/strategy is less about seeking the leads and more about responding
in the appropriate manner to the situations that come your way.
Benefits of Reactive approach:
● It helps to repair any damage that comes along with negative publicity.
● It Shows that an Organization Is Listening.
● Re-establishing credibility and trust.
● Limiting the potential damage on it’s brand image.
12a
A.
C.
B.
D.
Reactive Approach
Symmetrical
Approach
Proactive Approach
Asymmetrical
Approach
28. 13
RACE in PR is an acronym
standing for __________?
A. B. C. D.
Research
Analysis
Communication
Estimation
Research
Analysis
Connect
Evaluation
Research
Action
Communication
Estimation
Research
Action
Communication
Evaluation
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Process
29. 13a
Research
Action
Communication
Evaluation
D.
RACE in PR is
1. Use research to analyze the situation facing
the organization and to accurately define the
problem or opportunity in such a way that the
public relations efforts can successfully address
the cause of the issue and not just its
symptoms.
2. Develop a strategic action plan that
addresses the issue that was analyzed in the
first step. This includes having an overall goal,
measurable objectives, clearly identified
publics, targeted strategies and effective
tactics.
3. Execute the plan with communication tools
and tasks that contribute to reaching the
objectives.
4. Measure whether you were successful in
meeting the goals using evaluation tools.
In simple terms evaluate the outcome.
30. 14
Pat Jackson’s model of public
relations is also called as
__________?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical
Communications Model
Public Information Model
Behavioural Public Relations
Model
Persuasion Model
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
31. 14a
Pat Jackson’s model of public
relations is also called as
__________?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical
Communications Model
Public Information Model
Behavioural Public Relations
Model
Persuasion Model
Pat Jackson’s model - Behavioral Public Relations
Model
RACE model - Public Relations process/steps
32. ii
The process of changing the public's behavior
happens in five steps:
1. Building awareness
2. Developing a latent readiness
3. A triggering events
4. Engaging in intermediate behavior
5. Making behavioral change.
33. Arrange the following steps according to Behavioral model/Pat
Jackson’s model.
1. Building awareness
2. Engaging in intermediate behavior
3. Making behavioral change.
4. Developing a latent readiness
5. A triggering events
15
A.
C.
B.
D.
1,2,3,4,5
1,5,2,3,4
1,4,5,2,3
5,4,3,2,1
Topic:
PR Models
Time :
30 Seconds
34. Pat Jackson’s model/Behavioral model of PR
1. Building awareness
2. Developing a latent readiness
3. A triggering events
4. Engaging in intermediate behavior
5. Making behavioral change.
15a
A.
C.
B.
D.
1,2,3,4,5
1,5,2,3,4
1,4,5,2,3
5,4,3,2,1
35. 16
AIIMS, Delhi launches “Health awareness
campaign” through social media posters.
The main objective is to create an
environment of health consciousness and
reduce the consumption of tobacco.
The above given statement satisfies which
of the following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
36. 16a
The given statement satisfies which of the
following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
● Asymmetrical model is also called as imbalanced
model because an organization wants a change
in public’s attitude and behaviours not in
organization’s practices.
● There is no negotiation.
● It is win-lose situation
37. 17
Through the use of Twitter, ongoing interactive
conversations occur daily between companies
and their publics. In this medium, complaints
can be handled and resolved in an immediate
fashion.
The above given statement satisfies which of
the following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
38. 17a
The above given statement satisfies which of
the following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
● Goal of Grunig’s symmetrical communication
model is one that embraces negotiation between
the organization and its publics.
● Two-way symmetrical model is focused primarily
in making sure that decisions made by an
organization are mutually beneficial between
itself and its audiences.
● win-win situation
39. 18
Australian Cricket Board recently
announced the change of captain for it’s
upcoming test matches.
The above given statement satisfies which
of the following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
40. 18a
Australian Cricket Board recently
announced the change of captain for it’s
upcoming test matches.
The above given statement satisfies which
of the following models ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
● Public Information Model basically is to inform
the public without any emphasizing promotion
and publicity.
● This model does not seek to change the attitude
of the public.
● It is just to disseminate any relevant information
to the target.
41. 19
This one-way communication model
based on propaganda, attention-seeking
and less accurate information and more
of promotion defines which of the
following model ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Publicity/Press agentry
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
42. 19a
This one-way communication model
based on propaganda, attention-seeking
and less accurate information and more
of promotion defines which of the
following model ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Publicity/Press agentry
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
● In this model, accuracy is not important and
organizations do not seek audience feedback or
conduct audience analysis research.
● It is a one-way form of communication.
● Example: Promoting a product (Red Bull energy drink)
43. 20
___________ model presents a
more “scientifically persuasive” way of
communicating with key audiences.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
44. 20a
___________ model presents a
more “scientifically persuasive” way of
communicating with key audiences.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Two way symmetrical model
Two way asymmetrical model
Public Information model
Behavioral change model
45. 21
Who developed “four models of PR”
Publicity model, Public information model,
Two-way symmetrical model and
Two-way asymmetrical model.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gary and Hunt
Grunig and Hunt
Grunig and Holly
Garry and Holly
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
47. 22
A.
B.
C.
D.
One way communication
Two way communication
Multi way communication
Four way communication
Publicity Model One way communication
Public Information Model __________________________
Two-way asymmetrical communication Two way communication
Two-way symmetrical communication Two way communication
Fill in the blanks:
Time :
30 Seconds
Topic:
PR Models
48. 22a
A.
B.
C.
D.
One way communication
Two way communication
Multi way communication
Four way communication
Publicity Model One way communication
Public Information Model One way communication
Two-way asymmetrical communication Two way communication
Two-way symmetrical communication Two way communication
Fill in the blanks:
49. Thank You for taking the quiz!
Department of MBA, Acharya Institute of Technology
Submitted by:
Chandana K M
Darshan P
Submitted to:
Prof. Mahak Balani