Is Japan susceptible to populism?
Date:Tuesday, Oct 3, 2017
Speaker: Gregory W. Noble, Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo
ICAS public lecture series videos are posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA67B040B82B8AEF
Right-Wing Populist Parties and the Politicization of ResentmentTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document summarizes research on right-wing populist parties and their politicization of resentment. It discusses debates around defining populism and examines explanations for the success of right-wing populism. While demand and supply-side factors alone can't fully explain populism's rise, the document argues a combination is most accurate. Specifically, feelings of loss of relative social and economic status among the white working class have increased the resonance of right-wing populist messaging exploiting resentment over perceived threats to traditional ways of life from immigration and liberal elites.
The document discusses the recent rise of populism in advanced economies. It provides various definitions of populism from political scientists and economists. Populism is defined as considering society divided into two groups - the "pure people" and the "corrupt elite", with the people as the only legitimate source of political power. The document summarizes data showing a substantial rise in support for populist parties in Europe and other Western societies over the past two decades. It explores possible drivers for this rise, including economic factors like globalization, technological change and the global financial crisis, as well as potential non-economic drivers like cultural backlashes.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United StatesJeffrey Hart
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
The document discusses issues around immigration to the United States. It presents perspectives from those who support and oppose unrestricted immigration. Those who support it argue it benefits the economy by filling jobs. Those against it argue it displaces American workers and increases costs for education and healthcare. The author's position is that immigration should not be unrestricted and needs more regulation and control over borders to limit impacts on taxpayers and social services.
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenya): Identity Politics in the Twenty-first C...Thomas Huebel
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenia):
Identity Politics in the Twenty-first Century: A Kenyan Perspective
Audiofile of the lecture (IWK, Vienna, 5.2.2014)
https://audiothek.philo.at/media/reginald-mj-oduor-nairobi-kenia-identity-politics-
Over the past four decades, ethnic and religious minorities, organisations of persons with disabilities, and feminist organisations among others have contributed significantly to the growth of identity politics, that is, competition for state power among interest groups. Nevertheless, many centralist regimes continue to suppress this mode of political expression through a »nationalist« discourse.
This paper examines identity politics in the twenty-first century, with special reference to the Kenyan experience. It observes that the dominant variety of identity politics in Kenya is ethnically-based, with more than forty-two ethnic groups competing for state power. Consequently, Kenya is a multi-ethnic state forcefully created by colonialism rather than a nation-state formed by a largely homogenous cultural group. Yet the dominant public political discourse continues to refer to the country as a »nation« or even a »nation-state«. Furthermore, although the Constitution of Kenya promulgated in 2010 to some extent acknowledges the right of ethnic groups to pursue their aspirations within the Kenyan polity, the elites of dominant ethnic groups continue to publicly castigate the articulation of ethnic interests while simultaneously executing political strategies based on those same interests.
The central argument of the paper is that for most of Kenya’s fifty years of political independence, the suppression of ethnically-based politics among the non-dominant ethnic groups has significantly contributed to socio-political instability in the country. Consequently, it proposes that Kenya’s long-term political stability is dependent on a shift from liberal democracy with its focus on the atomic individual to a mode of democracy that takes cognisance of the ethnic loyalties of the bulk of the country’s population.
Reginald M.J. Oduor: is Lecturer in Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Nairobi. Latest Publication: »Ethnic Minorities in Kenya’s Emerging Democracy: Philosophical Foundations of their Liberties and Limits«, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken 2012.
This document has been drafted within the framework of the European project Talking about taboos.The project has been funded with support from the European Commission. The document reflects the view only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Seattle Chinese Chamber of Commerce - The US-China RelationshipBenjamin Shobert
What can we say about this key relationship in light of the 2016 Presidential election? What changes should we anticipate? How do we work together to ensure trade and investment between the two countries continues to grow?
Fernanda Santos prepared this handout to accompany a presentation for journalists on "What's missing in border and immigration coverage" at APME's Phoenix NewsTrain on April 6-7, 2018. It includes tips from the team at Migratory Notes, a weekly newsletter highlighting exceptional immigration coverage. Santos is the Southwest Borderlands Initiative professor of practice at Arizona State University's Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. NewsTrain is a training initiative of Associated Press Media Editors (APME). More info: http://bit.ly/NewsTrain
Right-Wing Populist Parties and the Politicization of ResentmentTuukka Ylä-Anttila
This document summarizes research on right-wing populist parties and their politicization of resentment. It discusses debates around defining populism and examines explanations for the success of right-wing populism. While demand and supply-side factors alone can't fully explain populism's rise, the document argues a combination is most accurate. Specifically, feelings of loss of relative social and economic status among the white working class have increased the resonance of right-wing populist messaging exploiting resentment over perceived threats to traditional ways of life from immigration and liberal elites.
The document discusses the recent rise of populism in advanced economies. It provides various definitions of populism from political scientists and economists. Populism is defined as considering society divided into two groups - the "pure people" and the "corrupt elite", with the people as the only legitimate source of political power. The document summarizes data showing a substantial rise in support for populist parties in Europe and other Western societies over the past two decades. It explores possible drivers for this rise, including economic factors like globalization, technological change and the global financial crisis, as well as potential non-economic drivers like cultural backlashes.
Right-Wing Populism in Europe and the United StatesJeffrey Hart
This document defines and discusses the rise of right-wing populism in Europe and the United States. It outlines key elements of right-wing populism including emphasizing sovereignty of the people, advocating for ordinary citizens, attacking elites, ostracizing outsiders, and invoking traditional regions. Several prominent European right-wing populist party leaders are profiled, and factors explained for the rise of populism like slow economic growth, anti-globalization sentiments, and the refugee crisis. The document concludes that supporters of European right-wing populist parties are largely anti-immigration and anti-EU, and that continued economic struggles could exacerbate the movement's challenges to democracy.
The document discusses issues around immigration to the United States. It presents perspectives from those who support and oppose unrestricted immigration. Those who support it argue it benefits the economy by filling jobs. Those against it argue it displaces American workers and increases costs for education and healthcare. The author's position is that immigration should not be unrestricted and needs more regulation and control over borders to limit impacts on taxpayers and social services.
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenya): Identity Politics in the Twenty-first C...Thomas Huebel
Reginald M.J. Oduor (Nairobi, Kenia):
Identity Politics in the Twenty-first Century: A Kenyan Perspective
Audiofile of the lecture (IWK, Vienna, 5.2.2014)
https://audiothek.philo.at/media/reginald-mj-oduor-nairobi-kenia-identity-politics-
Over the past four decades, ethnic and religious minorities, organisations of persons with disabilities, and feminist organisations among others have contributed significantly to the growth of identity politics, that is, competition for state power among interest groups. Nevertheless, many centralist regimes continue to suppress this mode of political expression through a »nationalist« discourse.
This paper examines identity politics in the twenty-first century, with special reference to the Kenyan experience. It observes that the dominant variety of identity politics in Kenya is ethnically-based, with more than forty-two ethnic groups competing for state power. Consequently, Kenya is a multi-ethnic state forcefully created by colonialism rather than a nation-state formed by a largely homogenous cultural group. Yet the dominant public political discourse continues to refer to the country as a »nation« or even a »nation-state«. Furthermore, although the Constitution of Kenya promulgated in 2010 to some extent acknowledges the right of ethnic groups to pursue their aspirations within the Kenyan polity, the elites of dominant ethnic groups continue to publicly castigate the articulation of ethnic interests while simultaneously executing political strategies based on those same interests.
The central argument of the paper is that for most of Kenya’s fifty years of political independence, the suppression of ethnically-based politics among the non-dominant ethnic groups has significantly contributed to socio-political instability in the country. Consequently, it proposes that Kenya’s long-term political stability is dependent on a shift from liberal democracy with its focus on the atomic individual to a mode of democracy that takes cognisance of the ethnic loyalties of the bulk of the country’s population.
Reginald M.J. Oduor: is Lecturer in Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Nairobi. Latest Publication: »Ethnic Minorities in Kenya’s Emerging Democracy: Philosophical Foundations of their Liberties and Limits«, Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken 2012.
This document has been drafted within the framework of the European project Talking about taboos.The project has been funded with support from the European Commission. The document reflects the view only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Seattle Chinese Chamber of Commerce - The US-China RelationshipBenjamin Shobert
What can we say about this key relationship in light of the 2016 Presidential election? What changes should we anticipate? How do we work together to ensure trade and investment between the two countries continues to grow?
Fernanda Santos prepared this handout to accompany a presentation for journalists on "What's missing in border and immigration coverage" at APME's Phoenix NewsTrain on April 6-7, 2018. It includes tips from the team at Migratory Notes, a weekly newsletter highlighting exceptional immigration coverage. Santos is the Southwest Borderlands Initiative professor of practice at Arizona State University's Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. NewsTrain is a training initiative of Associated Press Media Editors (APME). More info: http://bit.ly/NewsTrain
Demographics - They are a changin' - War Room Slideshiddenlevers
This document summarizes a discussion on changing demographics and scenarios for the future. It begins with an overview of current population age demographics in various countries like the US, India, Brazil, and China. It then discusses projections that show the US population aging rapidly but maintaining a broad base. Two scenarios are presented: 1) aging baby boomers withdrawing assets could lead to GDP stagnation like in Japan; or 2) "brain drain" beneficiaries could see GDP growth above 3% through merit-based immigration reform and educated immigrants. The document concludes with an update on the HiddenLevers product.
The document discusses various topics related to migration including different types of migrants like temporary labour migrants, highly skilled migrants, asylum seekers, and more. It also discusses policies of different countries toward migration like point systems in Denmark and Canada and language exams in the Netherlands. Additionally, it discusses myths and facts about migration such as that most migrants are not undocumented but rather refugees or economic workers. It also discusses how to deal with populism surrounding migration issues and provides suggestions for next steps like connecting with individual immigrants and hosting seminars on related topics.
Professor David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute spoke at the Japan International Cooperation Agency in July 2016.
The presentation links to his new book 'Should Rich Nations Help The Poor'
This document provides an overview of American men in the early 2010s by examining realities, icons, and memes. It discusses the changing demographics of the US, with declining white population percentages and growing ethnic diversity. Economically, it notes the illusion of widespread prosperity fueled by debt, and outlines the current realities of uneven wealth distribution and declining prospects for many working-class men. It then examines prominent male icons from Hollywood and how they have reflected changing ideals of American manhood over time. Finally, it introduces the concept of "thought viruses" or memes that animate American cultural and political debates.
The document provides an introduction to understanding American men at the beginning of a new decade. It discusses that America is a diverse, immigrant nation making generalizations difficult. However, some common traits unite American men, such as a distinctive patriotism shaped by the country being founded by its people rather than inherited history. American men are also shaped by the interaction between their innate traits, national dreams/values expressed in media, and public debates exercising free speech rights. To understand American men, the document will examine realities, male icons, and influential memes.
Between 1867 and 1914, Manitoba experienced a large wave of immigration. Many settlers came due to push factors like lack of jobs and persecution in their homelands, as well as pull factors such as the promise of improved quality of life and economic opportunities. The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 encouraged settlement by offering newcomers up to 160 free acres of land. Under the promotion of officials like Clifford Sifton, immigration numbers rose dramatically in the late 1800s/early 1900s. The establishment of infrastructure like the railroad and Royal Canadian Mounted Police made the region safer and more accessible. During this time, immigrants from many backgrounds settled in Manitoba, including Ukrainians, Hungarians, Icelanders, and others.
This chapter discusses several key issues related to race and ethnicity in the changing American context. It outlines 3 important issues: 1) the changing ethnic configuration due to new immigration patterns, 2) the debate around cultural assimilation versus pluralism, and 3) the continued socioeconomic gap between white/Asian groups and black/Hispanic/Native American groups. Specific topics covered include the economic and social impacts of new immigration, challenges facing Arab Americans, debates around affirmative action and bilingualism, and perspectives on the future of race relations in the US.
This document provides a summary and analysis of internal and external factors that could influence the economic development of the Philippines. It first provides an overview of the Philippines' history, politics, economy, and key challenges like corruption, tax avoidance, poverty, and inequality. It then analyzes important internal factors like culture, demographics, and the economy. External factors examined include the potential impact of growing rivalry between the US and China on the Philippines. The conclusion evaluates whether the Philippines has inclusive or extractive institutions and discusses reforms like anti-corruption efforts that could support stronger, more sustainable economic growth over the long term. The potential economic impacts of different geopolitical scenarios involving the US and China are also assessed.
Slide 8 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
This document provides an overview of various topics that will be covered in a political science course on Western political thought, including the Homestead and Transcontinental Railroad Acts of 1862, Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis, interest groups and political parties in California, industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle". It also discusses the California Republican and Democratic parties, campaign rhetoric, candidate images, and how Hollywood portrays political parties.
Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of C...Ulaş Başar Gezgin
Gezgin, U.B. (2013). Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers. Seminar at Shanghai University, China, 11 November 2013. http://202.121.199.244/chs/ShowNews.asp?ID=165
http://www.shu.edu.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=507&ctl=Detail&mid=899&Id=84589&SkinSrc=%5BL%5DSkins%2Fnewscon1%2Fnewscon1
Abstract
The area of social cognition involves how people interpret the social phenomena such as other people, countries, nations, social groups etc. The notion of stereotypes is one of the most common topics studied as one of the keys to uncover psychology of social cognition. The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘stereotype’ as “a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing”. Due to the non-existence of Chinatowns and thus low social accessibility of Chinese people, Chinese are less known by Turkish people face-to-face. The information about Chinese are mostly acquired from news media and fictional works such as Jackie Chan films and kung-fu movies. The absence of face-to-face contact among many and the selectivity of media and films over social representations of Chinese might be held responsible for stereotypicality of social representations of Chinese in Turkey, rather than genuineness. Secondly, the area of media psychology studies the link between media and people’s psychology including people’s stereotypes and social representations. Mass communication theories consider media users as passive recipients which are shaped by media corporations, while more recent theories revamp this equation. In this paper, matching the discussions within media psychology and intercultural communication, the social representations of Chinese on Turkish newspapers are investigated. It is observed that Chinese appear on Turkish newspapers with extraordinary news, male-female imbalance, one child policy, political issues, commerce, long life, made-in-China products, consumerism, electronic products, hackers, tainted products, archeological and scientific discoveries, economic competition between China and U.S. etc.
Keywords: Media psychology, social cognition, stereotypes, Chinese, intercultural communication
The document provides perspectives on the far-right Greek political party Golden Dawn (Xrisi Avgi) from various groups. Golden Dawn sees itself as a nationalist movement protecting Greece, but is seen by many outside Greece as a neo-Nazi party due to its connections to Nazi ideology and violent attacks on immigrants. Greek citizens have mixed views, with some supporting Golden Dawn's anti-immigrant stance but others strongly opposing it. Immigrants in Greece also have a range of experiences, from facing attacks by Golden Dawn to being treated kindly by Greek authorities and citizens.
Views of Greeks on Migration An Ongoing Debatedorethvanmanen
This document summarizes research on Greek views of migration during Greece's economic crisis. Interviews with 21 Athenians showed both negative and positive attitudes. Those with negative views expressed concerns about crime and perceived threats, especially in high immigrant areas. They associated immigrants with the economy and criminal problems. Those with positive views saw immigrants as scapegoats and racism as historical. The research suggests immigration is a serious issue in Greece that people perceive differently and further large-scale research is needed.
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Rosalind Warner about Canada's role in a changing world. It discusses the liberal international order established after WWII and signs it is unraveling. Three possible futures are examined: a neoliberal renewal, a clash of civilizations, or multiple cascading crises. Canada's strengths like its location and moral leadership are noted, but also weaknesses in being heard on the global stage. Opportunities in technology and threats to Canada are considered.
This document summarizes strategies for marketing to Asian American consumers. It notes that the Asian American population is large and growing, with diversity across ethnic groups. Cultural factors like heritage, identity, acculturation and language significantly influence consumer behavior. The document recommends understanding these cultural nuances and how they affect behaviors like shopping, banking, internet usage and food preferences. It provides tips on the best ways to access Asian American consumers through media like magazines, radio and direct marketing, with suggestions to tie into important holidays and celebrations.
This document provides an overview of the history and experiences of Asian Americans. It discusses the following key points:
- The population of Asian Americans has grown significantly and includes over 20 different ethnic groups, with the largest being Chinese, Filipino, and Indian.
- Asian immigration to America began in the mid-19th century, mainly from China and the Philippines, and increased substantially after changes to immigration laws in the 1960s.
- Asian Americans have faced significant discrimination through exclusionary laws and policies as well as social oppression. This has included the Chinese Exclusion Act, internment of Japanese Americans, and the model minority myth.
- While the overall population is often perceived as high achieving, there is
This document discusses the representation of ethnicity in media and its effects. It defines key terms like dominant group and hegemony. It outlines common stereotypes portrayed for different ethnic groups like Asians being quirky or Middle Eastern people being religious or terrorists. It discusses theories like cultivation theory that show how media representations can influence viewers' perceptions of race. It also discusses the potential implications of racial stereotypes in media like perpetuating social myths and prejudices, especially in children.
This document discusses six competing explanations for ethnic differences in offending rates. It outlines four main explanations: 1) Right Realism, which argues faulty socialization leads to criminal subcultures among some ethnic groups; 2) Left Realism, which attributes higher offending to structural factors like relative deprivation and marginalization; 3) Neo-Marxism, which sees crime statistics as a social construction used to criminalize minorities; 4) Neo-Marxism, which argues moral panics are constructed to deflect attention from economic issues. For each explanation, the document evaluates strengths and weaknesses and considers whether the theory indicates actual differences in offending or reasons for apparent differences.
1) The document discusses how views of the end of history and the universalization of Western liberal democracy have changed since the late 1980s.
2) It then examines the nature of modern terrorism, noting that today's terrorists have no clear geographic base and fight for a combination of causes.
3) A major part of the discussion focuses on immigration and identity issues, particularly for third generation Muslim immigrants in the UK, and how this may relate to radicalization.
Night Will FallCries from Syria- ComparisonContrast EssayRese.docxpicklesvalery
Night Will Fall/Cries from Syria
- Comparison/Contrast Essay/Research Paper Assignment - Length: Two-three pages of text, in addition to the following:
Format: MLA-style writing, references, including cover page, in-text citation and correctly formatted reference page. Paper MUST be double spaced, have properly indented paragraphs, be peer-reviewed, spell and grammar checked, etc. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE IN-TEXT CITATION, YOU WILL EARN AN INSTANT “F.”
Due Date: Final, perfected draft due February 12, 2020 (rough draft due February 5th – bring a printed copy to class on this day. The final paper will be electronically submitted through turnitin.com)
“Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” George Santayana
Though the Holocaust and the documentary Night Will Fall are disturbing reminders of an atrocity committed against millions of people, as time goes by, it gets easier for many to deny it happened at all, or forget the most important lesson of all: It’s happening again.
The United Nations uses the following definition to classify acts of genocide: “any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.”
For this assignment, you will be viewing both documentaries in class and will participate in a discussion about the film; you will then be writing a comparison/contrast essay about genocide.
Read the attached briefing and think about it and what you saw in the films. As you can see in the first documentary, the Nazis attempted and very nearly succeeded in efforts to commit an act of genocide against the Jewish people, as well as Gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally retarded and anyone else they believed were ‘undesirables’, or an estimated total of roughly 11,000,000 people killed. This is happening on a smaller scale now in numerous places, including Syria, which has been embroiled in a bitter, bloody civil war for many years, and is on the verge of becoming a full-blown genocide in Myanmar.
Genocides have happened many times in the recent past (Rwanda – approximately 1,000,000 deaths; Cambodia - 3,000,000; Armenia – 1,500,000; Russia -7,500,000; Bosnia Herzegovina – 38,000, etc.) There is, even now in the 21st century, still rampant antisemitism and a rise of violence and hatred against others of many faiths and ethnicities. Consider also the actions of ISIL, Boko Haram, Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups active today as well as current policies to restrict immigration by the current United States political administration and how such policies could conceivably foster hate.
Students wil.
This document summarizes cultural aspects of Japan that would be relevant for hosting the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It discusses Japan's core values of respect and community over independence. It outlines the changing position of women in the workforce, with more pursuing careers instead of traditional housewife roles, contributing to declining birth rates. The treatment of foreign residents is examined, noting both welcoming and prejudiced perspectives. Stereotyping in Japanese advertising is also summarized, with traditional gender roles often depicted and younger women more frequently sexualized. The document concludes with overviews of the LGBT community facing discrimination and regulations around advertising to children.
The document provides information about lessons from genocide and the Holocaust:
- It describes how Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933 and established a totalitarian state with the SS and Gestapo, pursuing a vision of a "pure" super race and persecuting Jews.
- It discusses the concepts of race, racism, and stereotyping, noting that the idea of biological races has no scientific basis and that racism involves harmful discrimination against groups.
- It defines genocide and the Holocaust, in which 6 million European Jews were murdered by the Nazi regime between 1933-1945 as part of a systematic effort to eradicate Jewish people.
Aaron James argues that "asshole capitalism" threatens to collapse the country where it exists by disrupting the future. While some believe it is how the system should be, he agrees it will lead to collapse if not addressed. To prevent this, the roots of assholes and how to manage them must be understood and the different types of assholes, including asshole capitalism, must be deliberated.
Demographics - They are a changin' - War Room Slideshiddenlevers
This document summarizes a discussion on changing demographics and scenarios for the future. It begins with an overview of current population age demographics in various countries like the US, India, Brazil, and China. It then discusses projections that show the US population aging rapidly but maintaining a broad base. Two scenarios are presented: 1) aging baby boomers withdrawing assets could lead to GDP stagnation like in Japan; or 2) "brain drain" beneficiaries could see GDP growth above 3% through merit-based immigration reform and educated immigrants. The document concludes with an update on the HiddenLevers product.
The document discusses various topics related to migration including different types of migrants like temporary labour migrants, highly skilled migrants, asylum seekers, and more. It also discusses policies of different countries toward migration like point systems in Denmark and Canada and language exams in the Netherlands. Additionally, it discusses myths and facts about migration such as that most migrants are not undocumented but rather refugees or economic workers. It also discusses how to deal with populism surrounding migration issues and provides suggestions for next steps like connecting with individual immigrants and hosting seminars on related topics.
Professor David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute spoke at the Japan International Cooperation Agency in July 2016.
The presentation links to his new book 'Should Rich Nations Help The Poor'
This document provides an overview of American men in the early 2010s by examining realities, icons, and memes. It discusses the changing demographics of the US, with declining white population percentages and growing ethnic diversity. Economically, it notes the illusion of widespread prosperity fueled by debt, and outlines the current realities of uneven wealth distribution and declining prospects for many working-class men. It then examines prominent male icons from Hollywood and how they have reflected changing ideals of American manhood over time. Finally, it introduces the concept of "thought viruses" or memes that animate American cultural and political debates.
The document provides an introduction to understanding American men at the beginning of a new decade. It discusses that America is a diverse, immigrant nation making generalizations difficult. However, some common traits unite American men, such as a distinctive patriotism shaped by the country being founded by its people rather than inherited history. American men are also shaped by the interaction between their innate traits, national dreams/values expressed in media, and public debates exercising free speech rights. To understand American men, the document will examine realities, male icons, and influential memes.
Between 1867 and 1914, Manitoba experienced a large wave of immigration. Many settlers came due to push factors like lack of jobs and persecution in their homelands, as well as pull factors such as the promise of improved quality of life and economic opportunities. The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 encouraged settlement by offering newcomers up to 160 free acres of land. Under the promotion of officials like Clifford Sifton, immigration numbers rose dramatically in the late 1800s/early 1900s. The establishment of infrastructure like the railroad and Royal Canadian Mounted Police made the region safer and more accessible. During this time, immigrants from many backgrounds settled in Manitoba, including Ukrainians, Hungarians, Icelanders, and others.
This chapter discusses several key issues related to race and ethnicity in the changing American context. It outlines 3 important issues: 1) the changing ethnic configuration due to new immigration patterns, 2) the debate around cultural assimilation versus pluralism, and 3) the continued socioeconomic gap between white/Asian groups and black/Hispanic/Native American groups. Specific topics covered include the economic and social impacts of new immigration, challenges facing Arab Americans, debates around affirmative action and bilingualism, and perspectives on the future of race relations in the US.
This document provides a summary and analysis of internal and external factors that could influence the economic development of the Philippines. It first provides an overview of the Philippines' history, politics, economy, and key challenges like corruption, tax avoidance, poverty, and inequality. It then analyzes important internal factors like culture, demographics, and the economy. External factors examined include the potential impact of growing rivalry between the US and China on the Philippines. The conclusion evaluates whether the Philippines has inclusive or extractive institutions and discusses reforms like anti-corruption efforts that could support stronger, more sustainable economic growth over the long term. The potential economic impacts of different geopolitical scenarios involving the US and China are also assessed.
Slide 8 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
This document provides an overview of various topics that will be covered in a political science course on Western political thought, including the Homestead and Transcontinental Railroad Acts of 1862, Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis, interest groups and political parties in California, industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and Upton Sinclair's book "The Jungle". It also discusses the California Republican and Democratic parties, campaign rhetoric, candidate images, and how Hollywood portrays political parties.
Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of C...Ulaş Başar Gezgin
Gezgin, U.B. (2013). Social Cognition and Media Psychology Uncovered: Social Representations of Chinese on Turkish Newspapers. Seminar at Shanghai University, China, 11 November 2013. http://202.121.199.244/chs/ShowNews.asp?ID=165
http://www.shu.edu.cn/Default.aspx?tabid=507&ctl=Detail&mid=899&Id=84589&SkinSrc=%5BL%5DSkins%2Fnewscon1%2Fnewscon1
Abstract
The area of social cognition involves how people interpret the social phenomena such as other people, countries, nations, social groups etc. The notion of stereotypes is one of the most common topics studied as one of the keys to uncover psychology of social cognition. The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘stereotype’ as “a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing”. Due to the non-existence of Chinatowns and thus low social accessibility of Chinese people, Chinese are less known by Turkish people face-to-face. The information about Chinese are mostly acquired from news media and fictional works such as Jackie Chan films and kung-fu movies. The absence of face-to-face contact among many and the selectivity of media and films over social representations of Chinese might be held responsible for stereotypicality of social representations of Chinese in Turkey, rather than genuineness. Secondly, the area of media psychology studies the link between media and people’s psychology including people’s stereotypes and social representations. Mass communication theories consider media users as passive recipients which are shaped by media corporations, while more recent theories revamp this equation. In this paper, matching the discussions within media psychology and intercultural communication, the social representations of Chinese on Turkish newspapers are investigated. It is observed that Chinese appear on Turkish newspapers with extraordinary news, male-female imbalance, one child policy, political issues, commerce, long life, made-in-China products, consumerism, electronic products, hackers, tainted products, archeological and scientific discoveries, economic competition between China and U.S. etc.
Keywords: Media psychology, social cognition, stereotypes, Chinese, intercultural communication
The document provides perspectives on the far-right Greek political party Golden Dawn (Xrisi Avgi) from various groups. Golden Dawn sees itself as a nationalist movement protecting Greece, but is seen by many outside Greece as a neo-Nazi party due to its connections to Nazi ideology and violent attacks on immigrants. Greek citizens have mixed views, with some supporting Golden Dawn's anti-immigrant stance but others strongly opposing it. Immigrants in Greece also have a range of experiences, from facing attacks by Golden Dawn to being treated kindly by Greek authorities and citizens.
Views of Greeks on Migration An Ongoing Debatedorethvanmanen
This document summarizes research on Greek views of migration during Greece's economic crisis. Interviews with 21 Athenians showed both negative and positive attitudes. Those with negative views expressed concerns about crime and perceived threats, especially in high immigrant areas. They associated immigrants with the economy and criminal problems. Those with positive views saw immigrants as scapegoats and racism as historical. The research suggests immigration is a serious issue in Greece that people perceive differently and further large-scale research is needed.
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Rosalind Warner about Canada's role in a changing world. It discusses the liberal international order established after WWII and signs it is unraveling. Three possible futures are examined: a neoliberal renewal, a clash of civilizations, or multiple cascading crises. Canada's strengths like its location and moral leadership are noted, but also weaknesses in being heard on the global stage. Opportunities in technology and threats to Canada are considered.
This document summarizes strategies for marketing to Asian American consumers. It notes that the Asian American population is large and growing, with diversity across ethnic groups. Cultural factors like heritage, identity, acculturation and language significantly influence consumer behavior. The document recommends understanding these cultural nuances and how they affect behaviors like shopping, banking, internet usage and food preferences. It provides tips on the best ways to access Asian American consumers through media like magazines, radio and direct marketing, with suggestions to tie into important holidays and celebrations.
This document provides an overview of the history and experiences of Asian Americans. It discusses the following key points:
- The population of Asian Americans has grown significantly and includes over 20 different ethnic groups, with the largest being Chinese, Filipino, and Indian.
- Asian immigration to America began in the mid-19th century, mainly from China and the Philippines, and increased substantially after changes to immigration laws in the 1960s.
- Asian Americans have faced significant discrimination through exclusionary laws and policies as well as social oppression. This has included the Chinese Exclusion Act, internment of Japanese Americans, and the model minority myth.
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Students wil.
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Public Lecture Slides (10.3.2017) Is Japan susceptible to populism?
1. Is Japan susceptible to populism?
Gregory W. Noble
Institute of Social Science
University of Tokyo
Temple University, Japan
October 3, 2017
2. Populism
Discursive approach: claiming to speak for common
people rather than corrupt elite (moral critique);
• Examples: Hungary, France (Le Pen), UK (Brexit), US (Trump)
• Elements (Inglehart/Norris 2016; Stenner 2005; Müller 2016):
– Anti-establishment dichotomy: Set ‘The pure people’
against ‘corrupt elite/establishment’
– Nativism: Perceived threat to majority’s sense of normative
order Cultural backlash. Popular sovereignty, nationalism
– Authoritarianism: Preference for strong leader unbound by
procedural rules protecting minorities and immigrants.
• Task: how do leaders define “the people” and “the elite”?
• Causes: Economic insecurity (especially unemployment) or
cultural backlash? Both, but mostly identity and fear
3. Foreign example: Election of Trump
Xenophobia (外国人排斥) and sexism mattered more than
economic insecurity
• Racism and hostile sexism (rather than paternalism) correlated
much more closely with support for Trump than did economic
dissatisfaction. Trump did better among richer voters and in
areas with fewer immigrants.
• About 68% of white, working-class voters “believe the American
way of life needs to be protected from foreign influence.” In
comparison, “only” 44 percent of white college-educated
Americans reported a similar view.
• About 60% of white, working-class voters say, “because things
have gotten so far off track, we need a strong leader who is
willing to break the rules.”
• Europe: small, white towns supported Brexit; London didn’t.
19. What about Japan?
• Seeming vulnerability
– Demographic aging
– Economic decline relative to South Korea, China
– Reputation for xenophobia (but see next slide)
• But with some modest partial exceptions
(discussed later), not populist: LDP is still in
power, proper procedures are followed, media
are not too polarized (Yomiuri =/= Fox News)
• Why? Potential supply, but limited demand
20. Japan ranks comparatively LOW on nativism:
only 15% say they “feel like a stranger in my own
country”; few feel that “society is broken”. Why?
21. Firewalls [防火壁」against populism (1)
Social integration
• High social integration, low levels of immigration (few
Muslims; almost no refugees) little perceived threat
to majority’s sense of “normative order” (規範的秩序に
対する脅威が弱い)
• Little crime, few drugs and almost no terrorism (so far)
• Result: little backlash (反発が起きにくい)
22. The myth of “the myth of homogeneity”
• Traditional view: Japan is a homogeneous
society 単一民族国家の神話
• Historians, anthropologists (esp. foreigners):
‘Wrong! What about historical complexity,
“Douwa” groups, Ainu, “Zainichi Koreans,” new
immigrants, sexual minorities, social class!’
Some truth to all this, of course
• But to a political scientist, Japan is indeed far
more homogeneous than most other countries;
as result, the majority does not feel threatened;
identity does not drive voting behavior
23. Foreigners
• Only 2% of Japan’s population. Compare:
– Australia: 28%
– Canada: 20%
– France 12%
– Germany 13%
– Italy 9%
– Sweden 16%
– US 13%
– UK 12%
• No threat to mainstream Japanese dominance
24. Ethnicity
“Minority groups” (Burakumin, Ainu;Koreans, Chinese)
are quite small (2-3% of total), physically and
culturally indistinguishable, rapidly inter-marrying
• Homogeneity is “Socially constructed,” of course—but
that’s the point. When Japanese say, “We’re
homogeneous,” they are signaling inclusiveness.
• To be sure, intolerant of continued diversity—melting
pot but not salad bowl (rejection of continued
separate identity, e.g. dual citizenship)
25. Japanese don’t see immigration in a
particularly positive light (13% in 2015)
26. And some are absolutely opposed to
‘dissolution of Japan by immigration’
(notice: protesters are all men)
27. But most aren’t worried about it, either
(probably because it’s so limited)
Japan 13%, US 49%, France 60% (and Turkey 92%!)
28. 7-11 Employees: No hijabs, no blond hair—
hard to tell if they are ethnic Japanese or
Koreans, Chinese, etc.
29. Language
• Virtually all Japanese and the large majority of
foreign residents speak Japanese
• Regional dialectical differences persist (関西
弁、東北弁, etc.), but are modest and steadily
shrinking. Standard Japanese 標準語 has won.
• No calls for Japanese schools to teach
“mother tongues” different from Japanese
(contrast Quebec; Taiwan; Ireland; Barcelona;
or debates over bilingual education in
California)
30. Religion: Not historic clash with Islam
(unlike US, Europe, India, even China)
• Most Japanese are syncretic, few are theologically
dogmatic. Most Japanese have a Christian/Shinto
wedding but a Buddhist funeral and have a butsudan
altar at home; participate in Shinto festivals.
• Christians: 1-2%
• Jews, Muslims, others very minor
• Only one religiously-affiliated party: Komeito, but it is
modest in size and now in semi-permanent coalition
with the ruling LDP—hardly a populist challenger
• One caveat: many Japanese feel threatened by more
ideological religions (domestic; imported). Cf. Oum.
31. Most Japanese now get married in pseudo-
Christian wedding chapels and wear white,
western wedding dresses
32. But many also have traditional, Shinto-
based elements—and see no conflict
33. Japan has over 100 mosques; with rare
exceptions, little opposition to their
construction—not sense of “stranger in my own
country”
(lots of police spies around, though…)
34. Japan’s crime rate is very low and falling
Little sense that “society is broken”
35. And incidence of crime is falling
(NB: chart not corrected for population growth)
36. But fear of crime is increasing (even as
actual crime falls). 2012 Hanzai Hakusho
Fear of walking alone at night or break-in
37. Foreigner crime:
Theft is down but violent crime is up
(foreigner share of total crimes still low, but potential
source of friction—cf. Ishihara’s repeated comments
about 三国人 , foreigners as source of ‘atrocious crimes’)
38. What about Foreigner quotas in sports(外国
人枠)—isn’t this an example of perceived
threat? Yes, a bit, but not too serious so far
• Sumo: Yes, somewhat nativist
– About 7% overall, but 1/3 of top two ranks
– Informal ban on new entrants 1992-2010
– Formal limit since 2010 (one per stable)
– Now applies to all foreign-born wrestlers
• Baseball: interesting variation
– Quotas since 1952; currently 4 per 25 man roster
– But four-year graduates of Japanese universities
treated as locals (culture, not race or ethnicity)
39. Kisenosato 稀勢の里: first native Japanese to win
sumo tournament in 10 years (2016); first Japanese-
born wrestler ranked Yokozuna (top) in 19 years
(2017). Japanese public was very happy!
40. But the great Mongolian-born champion
Hakuhō白鵬 is also popular
(and most foreign sumo wrestlers marry Japanese
women, and become Japanese citizens)
41. And you can even look different—
as long as you act precisely Japanese
(Wedding of Kotoōshū, Bulgarian-born Ozeki,
who just established his own sumo stable)
42. If you win, you don’t have to look Japanese
(Abdul Hakim Sani Brown; Aska Cambridge) or even speak Japanese
to be accepted (Osaka Naomi, who only knows 「かちたい!」)
43. Summary and implication
• For practical purposes, Japan IS a relatively
homogeneous countrylittle perceived threat
• Ethnicity, immigrant status, language and even
religion are not major sources of social
cleavage and voting behavior in Japan (minor
exceptions: (Komeito; debates over local voting
rights for permanent residents, mainly Korean)
• THUS, race, religion, language and immigration
are not ready fodder for would-be populists in
Japan.
44. Firewalls against populism (2)
Economics, media, history
• Perception that Japan gains from trade
• Relatively secure employment even for youth
• Modest levels of inequality; rural areas well
represented politically
• Mainstream newspapers, TV still dominate
• Memory of WWII repression: wary of populism
45. Economics: Japanese generally see
themselves as net winners in trade
• Japan depends upon trade (few natural
resources; shrinking population)
• Japan has run big trade surpluses Cf. US!
• Inward foreign investment is quite limited—
indeed, most people think it should increase
• Could change if Chinese investment.
increases…(cf. Germany)
• But overall, very different from Europe, US
46. Japan has run persistent surpluses in trade
and on wider Current Account since late 60s;
reverse of the US pattern
47. Unemployment is very low (2.8%);
1.52 job openings for every applicant—
August 2017 was best in 43 years
49. But isn’t “regular” (good) employment
(full-time; open-ended contract)
being replaced by insecure
“non-regular” employment ?!?
50. NO! Not replacement but addition:
Regular employment is holding up surprisingly well in
absolute terms, especially as working-age pop. shrinks
51. Three additions
(even as working age population shrinks)
• Women (especially “part-time”)
• More college Students (especially アルバイト)
• Former “self-employed”
52. Now most young people are in school: tertiary
education attendance rate doubled 1985-2016
(cheaper than in US but more expensive than in
Europe most college students have part-time jobs)
53. Also reflects decline in self-employed 自営業者
—but they never enjoyed “permanent” benefits
in the first place
54. Support for ‘Japanese-style employment’ declined
during bubble period but now at all-time high
(88%)
Preference for security 安定志向 and a ‘sense of unity’ in
workplace; 76% even support seniority wages!
55. Consider an ideal-typical family: still
anchored by a “regular” employee father
• Dad still has a “permanent” job with a steady wage
and good benefits [NB: divorce rate is still fairly
low]
• Mom, once “just” a housewife, now works part-time
at the supermarket for low wages and few benefits
(may or may not be “by choice”)
• Grandpa had to retire early, now working as a non-
regular worker for lower wages (grumbling, but OK)
• Son is struggling as a temp worker (no security, low
wages), but by late 20s he will find a permanent job
• Daughter is working part-time while in university—
56. Implication
• “Permanent” employment system may be
economically inflexible in some ways, and
biased against women, as critics charge
• But for better or worse it is proving very
durable
• And it provides a great deal of
stabilityundermines appeal of populism
57. Inequality: Never as limited as advertised,
but not so bad and not expanding much
(Gini coefficient for income [not wealth])
58. Modest levels of inequality at work:
harder to attack “corrupt elite”
59. Firewalls against populism (3)
Limited Progressivism, polarization
• Weak progressivism (sex roles, etc.) little backlash
– Same family name (LDP blocks 夫婦別姓)
– No female empress
– Weak laws on sexual harassment, equal
employment
– No gay marriage; little discussion of trans-sexuals
– Limited “political correctness”
60. A welfare state resistant to scapegoating;
small size of bureaucracy
• Welfare state is modest compared to Europe
or even US
• Focus on health care and pensions:
universalistic and biased toward old people
• “Welfare” benefits in narrow sense (e.g.
seikatsu hogo 生活保護 and even
unemployment insurance)are very limited
– Perhaps cruel (eg little support for single mothers)
– But relatively resistant to populist attacks: welfare
is limited and “for us, not for those other people”
61. Media: NOT polarized; no Fox news
• Japan is exceptional
– Newspapers are declining, but much more slowly
than elsewhere; most people read same newspapers
– Internet and social media are gaining, but TV news
remains dominant as source of political information
– Fewer channels, virtually no all-day cable news; talk
radio limited, not too politicized
• Cause or effect? Supply or demand?
62. Partial, temporary exceptions proving the rule
• ‘Penal populism’ 刑事ポピュリズム: movement to
empower crime victims and families, stiffen prison
terms (early-to-mid 2000s)
• Early 2000s, progressives pushed a “relaxed education”
policy ゆとり教育
– Led to (?) decline in Japan’s rank in international education
tests (PISA, TIMSS)
– Backlash, reversal; quieting down
• 2006- Hate speech (anti-Korean/Chinese)
– More populist, more aimed at the mainstream than in the old
‘sound truck’ days 行動する保守運動、especially 在特会
– But small numbers; led to anti-hate law decline
63. Supply: No lack of potential populist leaders
—from the cities rather than countryside
• Former Tokyo Governor Ishihara Shintaro
• Regional parties in Osaka and Tokyo: but mild
– Osaka Governor Hashimoto Toru 大阪維新の会
(Initiatives from Osaka), 日本維新の会/党 (Japan
Restoration/Innovation Party). Bureaucrat bashing, but
more neo-liberal than populist: subject constituents to
market rather than protecting them from the market
– Tokyo Governor Koike Yuriko from LDP to anti-LDP:
Member of Nippon Kaigi and anti-establishment but also
somewhat neo-liberal and ambiguous on immigrants;
focused on Toyosu fish market
64. Former Osaka Mayor Hashimoto Toru: Opposes
bureaucrats, unions and Asahi, but comes from minority
background, and his policy views are eclectic. Nearly
came to blows on TV with “Sakurai Makoto”, a basher of
Japanese-Koreans. Hashimoto’s party soon failed.
65. Tokyo Governor Koike:
‘I’ll renegotiate those expensive Olympic costs!’
(member of conservative Nippon Kaigi, but
low-key, ambiguous on immigrants; how long
will her new Party of Hope 希望の党 last??)
66. PM Abe: Hard-core reactionary nationalist
• Abe takes “history issues” as a threat to Japan’s moral
order; wants to revise constitution; compels show of
respect for national flag and anthem; extols strong
leadership; attacks liberal media such as Asahi
• Came to power in part by skillfully playing up foreign
threats (North Korea rachi kidnappings; Chinese navy)
• Wants to strengthen alliance with US, build up Japan’s
military forces and revise pacifist constitution
• But precisely because Abe, LDP are socially conservative,
they elicit less of a backlash by older, less-educated, rural
males—not threatened by a progressive agenda.
67. Still, Abe is not a Trump or Le Pen
• Son of elite establishment family, not outsider
• Generally doesn’t demonize enemies,
denigrate expert knowledge or hint at
sympathy for violence (contra Trump, Duterte)
• Seeks international cooperation—US alliance,
but also UN, TPP, Paris accord
• Ambiguous on women (socially conservative;
economically somewhat liberal)
• Quietly favors expanding immigration (as 人
材)
68. Abe wants the Japanese public to be more
patriotic, but he’s not a xenophobe—or
more likely, feels constrained by
international system and US alliance, and
doesn’t see a market for xenophobia
69. Resistance to populism: Memories
of war-time populism, repression
• 1930s-1940s regime WAS xenophobic, based on rural
reaction against perceived threat
• Repression of dissent left bitter memories, esp. on left
• It is true that since end of Cold War leftist parties and
labor unions have greatly weakened
• But public is still wary of constitutional revision and
mostly committed to maintaining liberal democracy,
with restraints on government, respect for process.
Ex: anti-hate speech legislation—weak but effective
• Still true? What does October 22 election imply?
70. Wild-card Scenarios:
A shift to populism is conceivable, but…
• Perceived abandonment by US 「放置」されたら。。。
– Serious and sustained “bashing” over trade
– US pullback from Asia (contra Hillary’s ‘Asian pivot’)
– Failure to respond to Chinese, North Korean attacks
• Terrorist attacks in Japan
• But so far, Japan remains relatively immune to
populism: potential supply, but limited demand
– Social integration (few immigrants; perceived homogeneity)
– Stable economy (winners from trade; stable employment)
– Limited inroads of progressivism—little to react against
74. (2) And age 15-24, with big increase in part-time
work—but mainly by HS, college students
Editor's Notes
Elements from Inglehart and Norris 2016, Norris 2017; cf. also Stenner 2005 on interaction of threat to moral order of majority and authoritarian personalities [aka “fixed world view”]
Defintion: derived from Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. 2017 Populism: A Very Short Introduction (2nd edition). Oxford. See also Jan-Werner Müller. 2016. What Is Populism? University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hungary: Viktor Orbán
Lopez at Vox 170509
More generally, there ARE some female populist leaders, but they, too, tend to support traditional gender roles. Cf. Mudde and Kaltwasster
人種差別主義者
80% support rating!
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/opinion/philippines-rodrigo-duterte.html
https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/migrations/en-uk/files/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-global-advisor-power-to-the-people-charts.pdf based on p. 20
Q5 To what extent, if at all, do you agree or disagree with the following statements ”Society is broken” How much trust do you have in the following institutions (long list—Japanese surprisingly relatively positive on all)
Q9 [Country] would be stronger if we stopped immigration
Q14_1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? -‐ These days I feel like a stranger in my own country—Japan 14% (lowest), US 45%
Normative order: 規範的秩序
Nativism:ネーティビズム cf. 国学
Firewall—bōka-heki
Especially for political scientists trying to explain voting behavior—demographic variables don’t help much and most voters are swingers
小熊英二 単一民族神話の起源―「日本人」の自画像の系譜 (1995); 「日本人」の境界―沖縄・アイヌ・台湾・朝鮮 植民地支配から復帰運動まで (1998)
Cf. e.g. http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/1431-02.htm--nothing on ethnicity
CIA World Factbook says “98.5% Japanese”
Intolerance: You can become Japanese, but you must not retain a distinct separate identity, or political presence (no dual citizenship).
Pressure to take Japanese names; rejection of dual citizenship
Japan is 7th lowest out of 24 (13% are positive/very positive to “Would you say that immigration has generally had a positive or negative impact on [your] country?”
https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/migrations/en-uk/files/Assets/Docs/Polls/ipsos-global-advisor-immigration-2011-2015.pdf
Mosques: Asahi 161226 http://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASJDJ5VLRJDJPTIL01Z.html including eventual construction in Kanazawa after initial objection by 町内会 ; AlJ (Michael Penn) 151116
Police spies: Japan Times 160713
Ahmadi mosque in Nagoya, opened 2015
http://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00068/
And crime has declined another 40% or so since 2005!
This gives absolute numbers—doesn’t account for population growth! In 1950, population was only 84 million vs. 126 million now
Light blue: reckless driving
Yellow: theft
Purple: crimes other than theft—robbery/burglary, etc.
SOURCE: http://hakusyo1.moj.go.jp/jp/63/nfm/images/full/h1-1-1-01.jpg
NB: When you ask people about safety in their own neighborhoods, you get much more positive responses
窃盗—theft (without breaking and entering; after breaking and entering; vehicular theft—including bicycles)
文書偽造—forgery
強盗—robbery, burglary
強姦、強制わいせつ—rape and indecent assault
Ishihara’s repeated references to “Sankokujin”, foreigners and 凶悪 crime (2000.04.09 or 04.11, etc. ) http://www.geocities.co.jp/HeartLand/1068/b/sangoku.html; https://www.japancrush.com/2012/stories/ex-tokyo-mayor-ishihara-shintaros-most-outrageous-remarks.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikishi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Professional_Baseball
http://japanesebaseball.com/faq/gaijin.jsp
Sumo “crisis”: http://www.highsnobiety.com/2015/09/09/japan-sumo-crisis/: Decline in Japanese wrestlers; “bad boy”/ low 品格 Asashoryu vs. Hakuho, though Hakuho’s reputation has suffered since incidents in 2013 (shoving foul) and 2015 (drunken press conference)
SOURCE: Asahi 170728 http://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASK7W6V6PK7WULFA02X.html
有効求人倍率 1.51; 正社員 ratio over 1.0 ! (highest since this measure was introduced in 2004)
Caveat: Unemployment definition in Japan is unusually strict
UPDATE: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000175101.html. 有効求人倍率 in August 1.52; 正社員有効求人倍率 1.01
http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/3240.html
Especially influx of women working part-time jobs
Men and especially women are far more likely to go on to university education
Doesn’t include graduate school—way up, though still small in absolute numbers
This helps explain the apparent contradiction among : falling population (especially of working age people); stable regular employment; INCREASING non-regular employment
http://webronza.asahi.com/business/articles/2014120800005.html
Decline of Mom-and-Pop stores, home-based piece-work for factories, etc.
http://www.jil.go.jp/press/documents/20160923.pdf p. 3
GWN: Other surveys show an earlier drop—now “permanent employment” looks better than the alternatives
Do poorer / less educated males get permanent jobs by their late 20s or early 30s? Surprisingly, perhaps, most do. See http://www.garbagenews.net/archives/2197606.html [dumb name but serious post, based on MHLW surveys] especially the final graph: as of 2014, 85.3% of men 30-34 had "regular" (permanent) jobs.
2. Other measures of income disparity: in addition to the gini coefficient and CEO/regular worker ratio mentioned in the PPT, see also http://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/a04201/ --what's striking about Japan is the low growth in income. The top 10% haven't done nearly as well as their counterparts in the US or UK, but at least their incomes have increased whereas the bottom 10% have actually suffered a decline in real income. As a result, the increase in the gap between the two has been significant, slightly higher than the OECD average (this is based on comparative OECD data from 1980s-late 2000s).
Japan in black is better than US, UK but worse than France, Germany, Sweden
NB: This is after-tax Gini—redistribution in Japan works!
WEALTH inequality is among lowest in the world:
http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/4652a.html
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-03-26/us-ceo-worker-pay-gap-widest-developed-world
The CEOs of 350 Standard & Poor’s 500 companies made 331 times more than their employees in 2013, up from a ratio of 46-to-1 in 1983, according to the AFL-CIO. That’s more than twice the gap in Switzerland and Germany, and about 10 times bigger than in Austria. In Japan, CEOs make about 67 times more than workers (although the country’s highest-paid woman earns only 25 times more). Australian CEOs get 93 times more. A global Harvard Business School survey found that most people think pay gaps are far smaller than they are. That was particularly true in the U.S., where survey respondents thought the ratio of CEO to average worker pay was 30 to 1; they put the ideal ratio at 7 to 1.
Do media reflect a non-polarized society or does lack of polarization reflect the dominance of mainstream media?
Penal populism: see Hamai and Ellis 2008 (genbatsuka….); Miyazawa Setsuo; Mark Fenwick 2013: “‘Penal populism’ and penological change in contemporary Japan” Theoretical Criminology 17(2):215-231 · May 2013; KYO Shunsuke 2015 Working Paper (2000: active participation by pols.; 2007-pols less active but victims reps incorporated into system as crime issue went from high to low salience)