The document discusses bonded labor systems in India. It defines bonded labor as a system where employers give high-interest loans to workers who must then work for low wages to repay the debt, often over generations. The 1976 Bonded Labor Abolition Act defines bonded labor and seeks to abolish the system. Causes of bonded labor include poverty, lack of work, and social factors like caste discrimination. The document outlines the historical context and types of bonded labor systems. It discusses constitutional provisions banning forced labor and definitions related to bonded debt and labor in the 1976 Act. A legal case example is provided where engaging children to graze cattle part-time for food and wages was ruled not to constitute bonded labor.
“Area” means an area, determined in the manner specified in section 13B; (b)
“Area Sabha” means, in relation to an Area, a body of all the persons who are registered as voters in the electoral rolls pertaining to any polling station of that Area.
LLB LAW NOTES ON LAW OF TORTS
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KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
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74th constitutional amendment act 1992 and Women EmpowermentAmir Sohel
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated one-third reservation of seats for women in urban local self-government institutions. This marked the first time women were guaranteed representation in local bodies and helped empower them to participate directly in decision-making. It aimed to secure women's active involvement in socio-economic development issues. The Act also extended reservations to women from scheduled castes and tribes, providing the foundation for more women to become leaders at state and national levels.
Bonded labour, or debt bondage, is a form of modern slavery where people are forced to work to repay debts or other obligations. It is estimated that 20 million people worldwide are in bonded labour. In India, bonded labour has existed for thousands of years within the caste system and continues today in agricultural relationships. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act was passed in 1976 to abolish bonded labour but has failed to meet its goals due to a lack of enforcement by district authorities. NGOs like Bachpan Bachao Andolan work to rescue and rehabilitate bonded labourers, especially children, but more needs to be done by the government to enforce laws against bonded labour and support rehabilitation efforts.
1. The document provides an overview of the evolution of urban local government in Bangladesh from ancient times to the present. It discusses the systems that existed during the Mughal, British, and Pakistani periods and how the structures changed over time.
2. Major reforms and changes are outlined for the Bangladesh period under different political leaders and regimes since independence. This includes the introduction of pourashavas and city corporations.
3. The current scenario of urban local government in Bangladesh is described, including the 11 city corporations and 326 pourashavas that exist presently across different population size and revenue generation categories.
Critical Analysis of Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013Peter Lal
This document provides an introduction and analysis of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act of 2013 in India. It begins with definitions of Lokpal, Ombudsman, and their roles in investigating corruption complaints against public officials. It then summarizes key aspects of the 2013 Act, including the establishment of Lokpal as an independent body at the central level and Lokayuktas at the state level. The summary outlines Lokpal's jurisdiction, complaint and investigation procedures, powers, and provisions regarding complaints against Lokpal members. In conclusion, it identifies issues of debate regarding the inclusion of the Prime Minister and other public figures fully within Lokpal's purview.
The document discusses Kerala's People's Planning Campaign (KPPC), a decentralized planning program in Kerala, India. [1] It provides an introduction and objectives of studying KPPC. [2] It then covers the origin and evolution of decentralized planning and KPPC in Kerala from the 1950s onwards. [3] The planning process under KPPC engaged various community organizations at different administrative levels to identify local needs, prioritize projects, and prepare development plans. Research studies on KPPC found it effective in shifting local spending but faced some challenges in adherence to guidelines.
The document discusses bonded labor systems in India. It defines bonded labor as a system where employers give high-interest loans to workers who must then work for low wages to repay the debt, often over generations. The 1976 Bonded Labor Abolition Act defines bonded labor and seeks to abolish the system. Causes of bonded labor include poverty, lack of work, and social factors like caste discrimination. The document outlines the historical context and types of bonded labor systems. It discusses constitutional provisions banning forced labor and definitions related to bonded debt and labor in the 1976 Act. A legal case example is provided where engaging children to graze cattle part-time for food and wages was ruled not to constitute bonded labor.
“Area” means an area, determined in the manner specified in section 13B; (b)
“Area Sabha” means, in relation to an Area, a body of all the persons who are registered as voters in the electoral rolls pertaining to any polling station of that Area.
LLB LAW NOTES ON LAW OF TORTS
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
74th constitutional amendment act 1992 and Women EmpowermentAmir Sohel
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated one-third reservation of seats for women in urban local self-government institutions. This marked the first time women were guaranteed representation in local bodies and helped empower them to participate directly in decision-making. It aimed to secure women's active involvement in socio-economic development issues. The Act also extended reservations to women from scheduled castes and tribes, providing the foundation for more women to become leaders at state and national levels.
Bonded labour, or debt bondage, is a form of modern slavery where people are forced to work to repay debts or other obligations. It is estimated that 20 million people worldwide are in bonded labour. In India, bonded labour has existed for thousands of years within the caste system and continues today in agricultural relationships. The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act was passed in 1976 to abolish bonded labour but has failed to meet its goals due to a lack of enforcement by district authorities. NGOs like Bachpan Bachao Andolan work to rescue and rehabilitate bonded labourers, especially children, but more needs to be done by the government to enforce laws against bonded labour and support rehabilitation efforts.
1. The document provides an overview of the evolution of urban local government in Bangladesh from ancient times to the present. It discusses the systems that existed during the Mughal, British, and Pakistani periods and how the structures changed over time.
2. Major reforms and changes are outlined for the Bangladesh period under different political leaders and regimes since independence. This includes the introduction of pourashavas and city corporations.
3. The current scenario of urban local government in Bangladesh is described, including the 11 city corporations and 326 pourashavas that exist presently across different population size and revenue generation categories.
Critical Analysis of Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013Peter Lal
This document provides an introduction and analysis of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act of 2013 in India. It begins with definitions of Lokpal, Ombudsman, and their roles in investigating corruption complaints against public officials. It then summarizes key aspects of the 2013 Act, including the establishment of Lokpal as an independent body at the central level and Lokayuktas at the state level. The summary outlines Lokpal's jurisdiction, complaint and investigation procedures, powers, and provisions regarding complaints against Lokpal members. In conclusion, it identifies issues of debate regarding the inclusion of the Prime Minister and other public figures fully within Lokpal's purview.
The document discusses Kerala's People's Planning Campaign (KPPC), a decentralized planning program in Kerala, India. [1] It provides an introduction and objectives of studying KPPC. [2] It then covers the origin and evolution of decentralized planning and KPPC in Kerala from the 1950s onwards. [3] The planning process under KPPC engaged various community organizations at different administrative levels to identify local needs, prioritize projects, and prepare development plans. Research studies on KPPC found it effective in shifting local spending but faced some challenges in adherence to guidelines.
This document discusses social security for unorganized workers in India. It begins by discussing the International Labour Organization's emphasis on comprehensive social security. It then discusses social security provisions in the Indian constitution. It defines unorganized workers and sectors in India, which make up 93% of the workforce. The document outlines various central and state government welfare schemes for unorganized workers relating to health insurance, life insurance, pensions, housing, education, skills training, and more. It discusses the implementation of the Unorganized Workers Social Security Act of 2008 which established boards to formulate and review social security schemes.
THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CODE, 2020
When there is one enactment it is called as ‘Act’ whereas a combination of number of Acts and laws is called ‘Code’.
The document discusses property rights of Hindu women in India according to the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and subsequent amendments. Key points:
- The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 granted Hindu women the right to own property and be considered full owners of any property they possessed, rather than limited owners.
- A 2005 amendment to the act provided Hindu women equal rights as coparceners, giving them the same rights and liabilities in a joint Hindu family property as male members. This established parity between male and female relatives in inheritance of intestate succession after September 2005.
- Previously, some properties received from a husband were considered limited estates that would cease upon remarriage and devolve to heirs as if the woman
Second Administrative Reforms Commission pptConsultant
The document provides an overview of the administrative system in India from ancient times to the present. It discusses the evolution of the civil service from servants of kings to public servants. It outlines the constitutional framework and describes the different levels of government administration from union and state governments down to local administration. It also summarizes the various commissions and reports on administrative reforms in India since independence that have studied how to improve efficiency and effectiveness in governance. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission was constituted in 2005 to prepare recommendations for revamping public administration.
By the expression “Public Corporation” is meant the type of body set up to operate nationalised industries or for the organisation of their public enterprise and services.
Public Administration-Meaning, Nature, Scope, PhasesPadmini Naik
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcNtaWNP96M
Scientific Management Theory one of the theory of Organisation....in Odia medium https://youtu.be/4g86m0feQpo
https://youtu.be/ojtI22FGTYI
This document discusses a bill introduced in the Senate that aims to protect federal civil servants from political interference. It proposes establishing an independent body to oversee hiring, firing and disciplinary actions for civil servants to ensure decisions are made objectively and not based on political views. The bill is seen as important to maintain the non-partisan tradition of public administration in the federal government.
The document discusses judicial reforms in India. It outlines issues with the current Indian judiciary system such as delays, pending cases, corruption, lack of transparency, inadequate judicial capacity and infrastructure. It then discusses various reforms that could help address these issues, such as improving district courts, increasing judicial capacity, better court management, faster trials, merit-based appointments and improved investigation practices. It also discusses alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in India like arbitration, conciliation, Lok Adalats and judicial settlements that can help reduce pending caseloads in courts.
The document provides information on the administrative structure and governance in India. It discusses the roles and powers of key positions in central, state, and local administration including the President, Prime Minister, Governor, and local bodies like panchayats and municipalities. It also summarizes the mandates and recommendations of the First and Second Administrative Reforms Commissions in India which were tasked with reviewing and improving public administration.
The document provides information on local government structures and systems in India. It discusses the three-tier systems of rural local government called Panchayati Raj as well as the urban local government system. The key points are:
- Panchayati Raj has a three-tier structure of Gram Panchayat (village level), Mandal/Block Panchayat (group of villages), and Zilla Panchayat (district level). All three levels are directly elected for 5 year terms.
- Urban local bodies have a similar three-tier structure of Nagar Panchayats (small towns), Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations (large cities over 1 million people).
- The
Article 31 originally protected the right to property as a fundamental right, but was later amended. Article 31A allowed the government to acquire private property for public purposes with the president's assent. Article 31B validated laws included in the 9th Schedule, shielding them from judicial review. Article 31C protected laws that gave effect to directive principles, even if they limited fundamental rights with presidential assent. The Supreme Court has ruled that 9th Schedule laws and laws limiting fundamental rights must still conform to the basic structure doctrine.
This document discusses the concept of judicial review in India. It defines judicial review as the power of courts to review laws enacted by the legislature and declare them unconstitutional. It outlines that judicial review originated in the US and was later incorporated into the Indian constitution. The document discusses important cases where judicial review was exercised in India and explains that the power helps maintain the balance of federalism and protect fundamental rights. It also lists the relevant constitutional provisions and scope of judicial review in India.
The document discusses India as a welfare state and administrative law. It notes that India's constitution establishes it as a welfare state through provisions like the Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights. It also discusses the growth of administrative law due to factors like the changing role of the state and the need for delegated legislation. Administrative law deals with the powers and functions of administrative authorities and remedies for abuse of power. Key points of delegated legislation and its criticism are also summarized.
This document summarizes the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976 in India and the key 1983 Supreme Court case Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India.
The Act aims to abolish bonded labor by cancelling all debts of bonded laborers, prohibiting new bondage agreements, and requiring the economic rehabilitation of freed bonded laborers. It criminalizes attempts to compel bonded labor.
The 1983 case found that migrant workers in mines and quarries were being exploited as bonded laborers without proper wages, housing, or safety conditions. The Supreme Court upheld the workers' right to approach the court under Article 32 to seek relief for violations of their fundamental rights and freedoms.
The document discusses the concept and scope of individual disputes under the Industrial Disputes Act. It notes there are three views on whether an individual dispute can be considered an industrial dispute: no, yes, and it depends if taken up by a union or other workers. Key cases discussed establish that an individual dispute is not an industrial dispute unless espoused or supported by a union representing the worker's interests or an appreciable number of other workers who identify with the issues in the dispute. The scope and definition of industrial disputes continues to be clarified through judicial precedents.
This document discusses the implementation of Lokayukta in India. It begins by defining Lokayukta as an anti-corruption ombudsman organization in Indian states. It then discusses the origin of Lokayukta in India, with Maharashtra being the first state to introduce it in 1971. It notes that Karnataka has the most powerful Lokayukta. The document emphasizes the importance of establishing Lokayuktas at the state level and a Lokpal at the central level to investigate and reduce corruption. It outlines advantages like giving citizens a way to file complaints against government officials. Finally, it notes that Tamil Nadu is the only southern state without a Lokayukta and discusses delays in establishing one there
Citizen participation refers to individuals influencing public decisions and has roots in ancient Greece and Colonial New England. It includes all forms of political, social, cultural, or economic engagement alone or in combination. Examples of participation are voting, petitioning, campaigning, demonstrating, serving in government roles, and civic duties. Government types that limit participation are autocracy like dictatorships and absolute monarchies, while democracy values individual freedom and involves citizens in decision making through elections and representation of all groups.
PESA - Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 Satanik Sil
The PESA Act of 1996 aims to ensure self-governance for tribal communities living in Scheduled Areas of India by traditional Gram Sabhas. Scheduled Areas have a preponderance of tribal populations and a special governance mechanism where the central government plays a direct role in protecting tribal interests. The PESA Act gives absolute powers to Gram Sabhas in these areas, while state legislatures have an advisory role. It also provides various powers and functions to Gram Sabhas regarding land acquisition, natural resource management, dispute resolution and other areas important to tribal communities. However, there have been issues with partial implementation of PESA due to lack of clarity, bureaucratic barriers, and lack of meaningful Gram Sabha meetings in some
The Indian Constitution incorporates a very elaborate scheme of centre state financial relations. Its chief characteristics are :-
The complete separation of taxing powers between centre and states
Tax sharing between the two
The allocation of funds to the state
2 The tax enumerated in the centre list are leviable by the centre exclusively.
The tax enumerated in the state list are leviable by the state exclusively
Good Governance is critical to development of Indian Economy. Campetency and Capacity Development of Civil Servants is a fundamental requirement for the same. Stress has to be laid on Four Pillars of Good Governance-- Ethos, Ethics, Equity & Efficiency
This document discusses social security for unorganized workers in India. It begins by discussing the International Labour Organization's emphasis on comprehensive social security. It then discusses social security provisions in the Indian constitution. It defines unorganized workers and sectors in India, which make up 93% of the workforce. The document outlines various central and state government welfare schemes for unorganized workers relating to health insurance, life insurance, pensions, housing, education, skills training, and more. It discusses the implementation of the Unorganized Workers Social Security Act of 2008 which established boards to formulate and review social security schemes.
THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS CODE, 2020
When there is one enactment it is called as ‘Act’ whereas a combination of number of Acts and laws is called ‘Code’.
The document discusses property rights of Hindu women in India according to the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and subsequent amendments. Key points:
- The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 granted Hindu women the right to own property and be considered full owners of any property they possessed, rather than limited owners.
- A 2005 amendment to the act provided Hindu women equal rights as coparceners, giving them the same rights and liabilities in a joint Hindu family property as male members. This established parity between male and female relatives in inheritance of intestate succession after September 2005.
- Previously, some properties received from a husband were considered limited estates that would cease upon remarriage and devolve to heirs as if the woman
Second Administrative Reforms Commission pptConsultant
The document provides an overview of the administrative system in India from ancient times to the present. It discusses the evolution of the civil service from servants of kings to public servants. It outlines the constitutional framework and describes the different levels of government administration from union and state governments down to local administration. It also summarizes the various commissions and reports on administrative reforms in India since independence that have studied how to improve efficiency and effectiveness in governance. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission was constituted in 2005 to prepare recommendations for revamping public administration.
By the expression “Public Corporation” is meant the type of body set up to operate nationalised industries or for the organisation of their public enterprise and services.
Public Administration-Meaning, Nature, Scope, PhasesPadmini Naik
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcNtaWNP96M
Scientific Management Theory one of the theory of Organisation....in Odia medium https://youtu.be/4g86m0feQpo
https://youtu.be/ojtI22FGTYI
This document discusses a bill introduced in the Senate that aims to protect federal civil servants from political interference. It proposes establishing an independent body to oversee hiring, firing and disciplinary actions for civil servants to ensure decisions are made objectively and not based on political views. The bill is seen as important to maintain the non-partisan tradition of public administration in the federal government.
The document discusses judicial reforms in India. It outlines issues with the current Indian judiciary system such as delays, pending cases, corruption, lack of transparency, inadequate judicial capacity and infrastructure. It then discusses various reforms that could help address these issues, such as improving district courts, increasing judicial capacity, better court management, faster trials, merit-based appointments and improved investigation practices. It also discusses alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in India like arbitration, conciliation, Lok Adalats and judicial settlements that can help reduce pending caseloads in courts.
The document provides information on the administrative structure and governance in India. It discusses the roles and powers of key positions in central, state, and local administration including the President, Prime Minister, Governor, and local bodies like panchayats and municipalities. It also summarizes the mandates and recommendations of the First and Second Administrative Reforms Commissions in India which were tasked with reviewing and improving public administration.
The document provides information on local government structures and systems in India. It discusses the three-tier systems of rural local government called Panchayati Raj as well as the urban local government system. The key points are:
- Panchayati Raj has a three-tier structure of Gram Panchayat (village level), Mandal/Block Panchayat (group of villages), and Zilla Panchayat (district level). All three levels are directly elected for 5 year terms.
- Urban local bodies have a similar three-tier structure of Nagar Panchayats (small towns), Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations (large cities over 1 million people).
- The
Article 31 originally protected the right to property as a fundamental right, but was later amended. Article 31A allowed the government to acquire private property for public purposes with the president's assent. Article 31B validated laws included in the 9th Schedule, shielding them from judicial review. Article 31C protected laws that gave effect to directive principles, even if they limited fundamental rights with presidential assent. The Supreme Court has ruled that 9th Schedule laws and laws limiting fundamental rights must still conform to the basic structure doctrine.
This document discusses the concept of judicial review in India. It defines judicial review as the power of courts to review laws enacted by the legislature and declare them unconstitutional. It outlines that judicial review originated in the US and was later incorporated into the Indian constitution. The document discusses important cases where judicial review was exercised in India and explains that the power helps maintain the balance of federalism and protect fundamental rights. It also lists the relevant constitutional provisions and scope of judicial review in India.
The document discusses India as a welfare state and administrative law. It notes that India's constitution establishes it as a welfare state through provisions like the Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Rights. It also discusses the growth of administrative law due to factors like the changing role of the state and the need for delegated legislation. Administrative law deals with the powers and functions of administrative authorities and remedies for abuse of power. Key points of delegated legislation and its criticism are also summarized.
This document summarizes the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1976 in India and the key 1983 Supreme Court case Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India.
The Act aims to abolish bonded labor by cancelling all debts of bonded laborers, prohibiting new bondage agreements, and requiring the economic rehabilitation of freed bonded laborers. It criminalizes attempts to compel bonded labor.
The 1983 case found that migrant workers in mines and quarries were being exploited as bonded laborers without proper wages, housing, or safety conditions. The Supreme Court upheld the workers' right to approach the court under Article 32 to seek relief for violations of their fundamental rights and freedoms.
The document discusses the concept and scope of individual disputes under the Industrial Disputes Act. It notes there are three views on whether an individual dispute can be considered an industrial dispute: no, yes, and it depends if taken up by a union or other workers. Key cases discussed establish that an individual dispute is not an industrial dispute unless espoused or supported by a union representing the worker's interests or an appreciable number of other workers who identify with the issues in the dispute. The scope and definition of industrial disputes continues to be clarified through judicial precedents.
This document discusses the implementation of Lokayukta in India. It begins by defining Lokayukta as an anti-corruption ombudsman organization in Indian states. It then discusses the origin of Lokayukta in India, with Maharashtra being the first state to introduce it in 1971. It notes that Karnataka has the most powerful Lokayukta. The document emphasizes the importance of establishing Lokayuktas at the state level and a Lokpal at the central level to investigate and reduce corruption. It outlines advantages like giving citizens a way to file complaints against government officials. Finally, it notes that Tamil Nadu is the only southern state without a Lokayukta and discusses delays in establishing one there
Citizen participation refers to individuals influencing public decisions and has roots in ancient Greece and Colonial New England. It includes all forms of political, social, cultural, or economic engagement alone or in combination. Examples of participation are voting, petitioning, campaigning, demonstrating, serving in government roles, and civic duties. Government types that limit participation are autocracy like dictatorships and absolute monarchies, while democracy values individual freedom and involves citizens in decision making through elections and representation of all groups.
PESA - Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 Satanik Sil
The PESA Act of 1996 aims to ensure self-governance for tribal communities living in Scheduled Areas of India by traditional Gram Sabhas. Scheduled Areas have a preponderance of tribal populations and a special governance mechanism where the central government plays a direct role in protecting tribal interests. The PESA Act gives absolute powers to Gram Sabhas in these areas, while state legislatures have an advisory role. It also provides various powers and functions to Gram Sabhas regarding land acquisition, natural resource management, dispute resolution and other areas important to tribal communities. However, there have been issues with partial implementation of PESA due to lack of clarity, bureaucratic barriers, and lack of meaningful Gram Sabha meetings in some
The Indian Constitution incorporates a very elaborate scheme of centre state financial relations. Its chief characteristics are :-
The complete separation of taxing powers between centre and states
Tax sharing between the two
The allocation of funds to the state
2 The tax enumerated in the centre list are leviable by the centre exclusively.
The tax enumerated in the state list are leviable by the state exclusively
Good Governance is critical to development of Indian Economy. Campetency and Capacity Development of Civil Servants is a fundamental requirement for the same. Stress has to be laid on Four Pillars of Good Governance-- Ethos, Ethics, Equity & Efficiency
Civil services have played an important role in India since ancient times. They provide continuity during political and social changes and help ensure policies are effectively implemented. Civil servants are responsible for serving the elected government impartially and delivering services professionally to the public. As India has grown, the role and expectations of civil servants have evolved from administrators and controllers to facilitators and enablers of growth. For civil services to continue meeting society's needs, reforms are needed to help civil servants develop new skills and orientations suited to modern challenges.
This document analyzes how leadership style, communication, and work motivation influence employee performance at the DPRD Secretariat in Pematang Siantar City. It summarizes research on these topics and develops hypotheses that leadership style, communication, and work motivation each positively and significantly impact employee performance. An initial observation found employees lacked initiative, motivation, and communication. The research aims to provide scientific analysis to improve civil servant performance through analyzing the influence of these independent variables on the dependent variable of performance.
The Government Exams for Social Employment After UnderstudyEasyShiksha
The Social government of India (ISO: Bhārat Sarkār) (frequently truncated as GoI; otherwise called the Focal or Association Government), or essentially the Middle, is the public regulatory power of the Republic of India, a bureaucratic vote-based system situated in South Asia, comprising of 28 association states and eight association domains. Under the Constitution, there are three essential parts of government: the administrative (Parliament), the chief (government and Chamber of Clergymen) and the legal executive (High Court). The leader of the republic is the ostensible top of the presidential branch anyway the head of the state is the accepted CEO.
FOR MORE INFO - https://kaalama.org/read-blog/220472
Second ARC(12th report)- citizen centric administrationConsultant
This document is the 12th report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) of India on citizen centric administration. Some key points:
- It discusses the concept of citizen centric administration and importance of placing citizens at the center of governance for stability, transparency and efficiency.
- It outlines various prerequisites and core principles for citizen centric governance like rule of law, decentralization, transparency, civil service reforms etc.
- It examines different strategies, tools and mechanisms to make administration more citizen centric like use of technology, citizens' charters, grievance redressal mechanisms, citizens' participation etc.
- It provides details on functions of government, special institutional mechanisms, process simplification
The document discusses the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the process for becoming an IAS officer. It describes the IAS as the administrative civil service of the Indian government and that officers hold key positions in the union and state governments. It outlines that candidates are selected through an exam conducted by the UPSC and appointed to state cadres, and can also be deputed to central government jobs. It provides details about the roles and responsibilities of IAS officers at different levels like the subdivisional level, as district collectors, and as divisional commissioners. It also mentions that Excell Career India is one of the top IAS coaching centers in Chennai that offers regular and weekend coaching, as well as online/postal coaching and
Find UPSC Civil Services Exam Notifications, Syllabus, Question Papers and more. Excell Career India offers complete study materials for IAS Preparation.
This document summarizes a study comparing community policing in Kerala and Delhi, India. It finds that Kerala has the best policing model through two programs: Janamaithri Suraksha, where police and the public work together in neighborhood watches; and a student cadet program. These programs have improved public trust in police. However, similar programs in Delhi have not been as successful due to lower implementation efforts. The document argues comprehensive police reform is still needed to address the root causes of public mistrust and make police more accountable to the people. Increased civic engagement, especially among youth, is important to drive the needed reforms.
Social welfare administration is a scientific and professional activity that promotes social work practice in administration. It implements special programs to help vulnerable groups through social work processes and aims to effectively administer social welfare agencies' regular and special programs. Social welfare administration translates social policies and legislation into social work practice and administers resources and options for clients to adjust to or recover from problems. The primary social work methods of casework, group work, community organization, and social action play important roles in social welfare administration at individual, group, and community levels. Social welfare administration's main function is to effectively deliver important social services like education, income support, health, housing, employment assistance, and personal social services.
Indian CST’s GPMS Cloud Computing Solutions Available
For Citizens Empowerment
For Banking, Financial Services and Institutions (BFSI)
For Public Sector Undertaking
For Healthcare Information Therapy
For Educational Institutions
For Municipalities & Governance
For MSME’s
For Construction Projects
For Knowledge Management
For GPMS Training programs and Certification courses, publications
www.indiancst.in
Indian CST is a registered public charitable trust established in November 2009 whose mission is to promote social transformation through technology. It works to deliver e-governance projects that bring transparency, efficiency and accountability to publicly funded projects. Some of its key achievements include developing monitoring tools for healthcare projects in Bengaluru, examination reforms for 300,000 university students, tracking minority scholarships, and housing projects in Bihar. Indian CST also provides consultancy services and has experience implementing projects in areas like transportation, healthcare, education and infrastructure. It aims to be an organization that facilitates improved governance and public service delivery through innovative technology solutions.
Understanding the civil service rules & its componentsAquatix Pharma
This document discusses the civil service rules and public service rules in Nigeria. It begins by defining key terms like bureaucracy, civil service, and public service. It then explains the aims of the public service rules, which are to ensure good conduct, loyalty, honesty, and ethical principles among public servants. The document outlines some of the provisions of Nigeria's public service rules, including guidelines around appointment, transfer, leave, allowances, and compensation. It emphasizes that public servants must abide by these rules to efficiently deliver services to the people.
This document discusses social welfare administration in India. It begins by defining social welfare and administration. Social welfare administration aims to efficiently provide resources and services to meet social needs. The document outlines principles of social welfare administration such as acceptance, democratic involvement, and open communication. It describes the functions of social welfare administrators at different levels, from deciding problems to address to performing technical services. Personality requirements for administrators are also discussed, including the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed such as understanding human behavior, respecting staff, and having community knowledge. The evolution of social welfare ministry in India is briefly outlined.
Sec3 chapter2 introduction to governance_slideshareAdrian Peeris
Here are the key points from our discussion of inference questions:
- The steps to answering inference questions are: 1) Look for clues and information in the source 2) Organize inferences into categories 3) Write up inferences in an answer
- The steps to writing an answer are:
1) Infer - Make an observation/inference based on the source
2) Support - Cite evidence from the source to support the inference
3) Explain - Explain how the evidence supports the inference
The most important things are to look for implicit information in the source, support inferences with evidence from the source, and explain the relevance or significance of the inferences.
This document discusses proposed solutions to reform India's political system and elections. It outlines problems such as ballot rigging, politician gratification, and low voter turnout. Solutions proposed include implementing electronic voting nationwide, stricter laws on distributing money to influence voters, limiting politician assets solely to their salary, and restricting voter eligibility to only those who vote. A new oversight body called the Democratic Elixir System is also outlined to monitor elections and politicians at the national, state, and district levels with an estimated annual budget of 312 crores.
Personnel administration plays a vital role in improving government efficiency and effectiveness. It involves selecting and utilizing employees to maximize output while reconciling individual and organizational goals. A well-balanced personnel program has elements like classification/compensation, recruitment, selection, training, performance evaluation, promotion, and maintaining employee morale. The civil service system aims to make government personnel administration politically neutral and based on merit.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
3. THERE ARE A NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AROUND
US RELATED TO OUR DAY TO DAY LIFE. SOME OF THESE INSTITUTIONS
AND THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE GIVEN BELOW.
Primary health centre
Krishi Bhavan
Police Station
Provides treatment
facilities
Promotes agriculture
Maintains law and
order
Institutions Functions
4. every institution performs distinct functions.
We can see such institutions all over the country.
In all countries, there exist administrative institutions
to implement the laws and developmental projects
formed by government
The governmental functions are properly executed
and implemented by these institutions.
5. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Public Administration is concerned with
the administration of the government.
-Gladden(western administrative
thinker)
The important area of public administration is
governmental administration.
Public administration is the effective
utilization of men and materials for the
implementation of existing laws,
governmental policies, programmes and
developmental projects
6. Government has constituted a number of
institutions for public administration.
All these governmental institutions are part of
public administration.
They function for the welfare of the people.
An administrative system is needed for
governments to exist and function.
The history of public administration begins with
the formation of state.
Based on differences in the form of government
there are differences in public administration also.
Monarchy-the interests of the monarch
democratic system-interests of the people.
Democratic administration becomes more effective
and efficient through public administration
7. Administrator
The word administration is derived from two Latin words
ad and ministrare meaning ‘to serve’ or ‘to manage
Importance of Public Administration
Governments try to find solutions to various
problems and ensure the welfare of the people
through public administration
8. “I will give you a talisman.
Whenever you are in doubt, or
when the self becomes too
much with you, apply the
following test. Recall the face
of the poorest and the weakest
man(women) whom you may
have seen, and ask yourself, if
the step you contemplate is
going to be of any use to
him(her). Will he(she) gain
anything by it? Will it restore
him(her) to a control over his
(her) own life and destiny? In
other words, will it lead to
swaraj (freedom) for the
hungry and spiritually starving
millions? Then you will find
your self melt away.”
9. Gandhiji expected the protection of the interests
of all through public administration. But there are
a number of persons in our society who require
special consideration and protection. He opined
that public administration should consider them
specially and protect them.
Gandhiji’s concept of Grama Swaraj influenced
India’s outlook of public administration to a great
extent. Local government institutions were
constituted on this basis.
Private Administration
A number of private institutions are functioning around us. The
appointment and service conditions of those who work in these
institutions are controlled by private companies or individuals.
This is called private administration.
10. Bureaucracy
Representatives people and ministers alone can’t implement
programmes. Bureaucracy is constituted to help and advise
them and to execute the programmes.
A public administrative system from the local to the national
level is constituted for this. Several employees have been
appointed for the day-to-day functioning of these institutions.
The bureaucrats make the public administration system
dynamic. All the services of government reach the people
through them.
The employees who work under public administrative
system and administer the country are together known as
‘bureaucracy’.
A country develops when human and material resources are
utilised to the maximum. It is the bureaucracy which prepares
plans for their scientific utilisation and implements them
effectively
11. FeaturesofBureaucracy
Hierarchical organisation
Bureaucracy is organised in such a way that there is one
employee at the top and the number increases when it
reaches the lower levels. This is known as hierarchical
organisation.
Permanance
Persons appointed will continue in service till the age of
retirement
Appointment on the basis of Qualification
Employees are recruited and appointed on the basis of
educational qualification
Political Neutrality
Bureaucrats are liable to implement the policies of whichever
party comes to power. Party interests should not reflect in their
work. They should act neutrally.
Professionalism
Every government employee must be skilled in their work
12. Bureaucracy in India
Kerala Public Service Commission take care of the
recruitment to the government service. This is the initial
step for the recruitment of employees to various
departments of the government.
Then persons are selected on the basis of merit after
screening test/interview and appointed in different
government offices.
All those who are appointed in this way are part of the
civil service of India.
Public administration system existed in India from
ancient times
But the modern administrative system came into
existence during the British period.They constituted the
Civil Service for selecting the employees they required
from India itself.
13. It became the Civil Service of India after
independence. The aim of it is to bring welfare
programmes speedly to all .
Now there are specific services at the central and the
state levels.
All the employees who work under the central and the
state governments and the employees under the
public sector undertakings are part of India’s civil
service.
You can become collector
The highest administrative officer of the district is the Collector.
Persons in IAS cadre are appointed as Collectors. The
examination conducted by UPSC for this is known as the Civil
Service Examination. The basic qualification for submitting
application is a degree in any subject from a university.
Candidates having the highest ranks are placed in IAS cadre and
is given training. Candidates to IPS are also recruited from the
same examination.
14. All India Services
• Recruits at
national level
• Appoints in
central or state
service
Eg: Indian
Administrative
Service, Indian
Police
• Recruits at national
level
• Appoints in central
government
departments only
Eg: Indian Foreign
Service, Indian
Railway Service
State Services
• Recruits at state
Level
• Appoints in state
Government
departments only
Eg : Sales tax
officer.
Central services
Indian Civil Service
15. Candidates to all India services and central services
are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission
(UPSC).
The chairman and the members of this commission
are appointed by the President of India.
The UPSC has elaborate mechanisms for the
recruitment of candidates based on qualification.
Union Public Service Commission
16. At the state level, candidates are recruited by the Public
Service Commission (PSC) of the State.
The Governor appoints the Chairman and the members
of the State Public Service Commission.
UPSC and State PSC’s are constituted on the basis of
constitutional provisions. So they are called constitutional
institutions.
Public Service Commission
17. Administrative Reforms
A number of steps are taken by the government for
increasing the efficiency of the services and to provide
service to people in a time bound manner. They are
known as administrative reforms.
The intention is to make administration people friendly
and efficient.
For this government constitutes administrative reform
commissions at national and state levels.
Let’s familiarise with some steps taken for administrative
reforms in our country.
19. Thoughts about reforming administrative system in a
transparent, speedy and impartial manner led us to
E-governance.
Developments attained in the field of science and
technology should be utilised in the administrative
sector also.
E-governance is the use of electronic technology in
administration.
This helped to obtain government services easily in a
speedy manner.
eg;
• The single window system for admission to
Higher Secondary courses
• online applications for various scholarships
20. Benefits of E-governance
Need not to wait in government offices for services.
Can receive service with the help of information
technology.
Government services offered speedily and with less
expense.
Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get
enhanced.
These facilities are now available in all government
offices.
The basic facilities are ensured to all through the
Akshaya Centres in Kerala.
People can receive the services of E-governance at
home with the spread of E-literacy.
21. Akshaya Centre
For the benefit of people Akshaya centres have been constituted
to make use of Government service delivered through E-
governance. It also aims at making people E-literate. E-literacy is
the awareness about basic information about Internet technology.
Right to Information
You can collect information from any government
office about its working.
People got this opportunity under the Right to
Information Act 2005.
The efforts of Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Samghathan of
Rajasthan has led to the legislation of Right to
Information Act.
22. The interventions of several organisations and social
activists also helped the passing of the Right to
Information Act 2005.
This ensures the right of all citizens of India to receive
information
The main objectives of this Act are to prevent
corruption, create responsibility and make the
functioning of the government transparent.
The citizens will get copies of public documents if they
apply for them.
23. Information Commission
To perform the functions under the Right to Information
Act, Information Commissions are constituted at the
national and state levels.
There will be a Chief Information Commissioner and
not more than ten members in the Information
Commission.
If the authorities do not give, or refused to give the
information or gave wrong and unsatisfactory replies,
one can approach the Information Commission and
can file an appeal.
If the commission is convinced, a fine of Rs. 250 per
day can be imposed on the employee concerned till
the information is given
24. Public Information
Files, documents, circulars, memos, advice,
orders, agreements, statistics, reports, log
books, press notes, samples, models,
information in the form of electronic data,
e-mail, etc in government offices and
information on private institutions under
the custody of public offices are considered
as public information. The Right to
Information is the right to examine and
demand copies of the above information
under the disposal of government
institutions and institutions which receive
government funds.
But information relating to the security
and integrity of the nation, matters under
the consideration of court, and those which
endanger the life and liberty of individuals
should not be released.
25. Right to Service
Right to Service Act is a law which ensures services to
the people. This law determines the time limit for every
service given by a government office. If the deserved
service is not given within this time limit, the
responsible employee should pay a fine.
As per the Right to Service Act, an officer is appointed
in every government office to give guidance and proper
help to the applicants.
26. Lokpal and Lokayuktha
Lokpal and Lokayukta are institutions constituted to
prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and
political levels.
The institution constituted at the national level to
prevent corruption is Lokpal.
Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of
corruption against employees and public workers and
can suggest necessary actions.
Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level
to hear the corruption cases. Both of them follow
judicial procedures.
Administrative
Tribunal Actions are taken by various government departments against
government officials. The Administrative Tribunal is the institution
where the employees can lodge their complaints against such actions.
27. Central Vigilance Commission
The Central Vigilance Commission is the institution
constituted at the national level to prevent
corruption.
It came into effect in 1964.
It is formed to prevent corruption in the central
government offices.
The Central Vigilance Commissioner is the head of
the Central Vigilance Commission.
In every department there will be a Chief Vigilance
Officer.
The duty of the commission is to enquire into
vigilance cases and take necessary actions.
28. Based on the model of the Central Vigilance
Commission state vigilance commissions have been
constituted at state level.
The State Vigilance Commission inquires into
corruption in the state government offices.
Vigilance courts are also constituted to track vigilance
cases
29. Ombudsman
Elected representatives and bureaucrats are part of
public administration.
Complaints can be filed against their corruption,
nepotism or financial misappropriation or negligence
of duties.
Ombudsman is constituted for this purpose. A retired
Judge of the High Court is appointed as the
Ombudsman.
People can directly approach the Ombudsman with
complaints. On receiving complaints, the
Ombudsman has the power to summon anyone and
can order enquiry and recommend actions.
Ombudsman has its beginning in banking sector to
hear the complaints of clients and rectify them.
30. Delayed service, denial of right to service or making
service as favour is considered as corruption In
modern society.
Our public administration tries to implement the
outlook that government service is not a favour, but
right of the people
every institution performs
distinct functions. We can see such institutions all over the country.
In all countries, there exist administrative institutions to implement
the laws and developmental projects formed by government. The
governmental functions are properly executed and implimented by
these institutions.
“I will give you a talisman. Whenever you are in doubt, or when the self becomes too much with you, apply the following test.Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man(women) whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him(her). Will he(she) gain anything by it? Will it restore him(her) to a control over his (her) own life and destiny? In other words, will it lead to swaraj (freedom) for the hungry and spiritually starving millions? Then you will find your self melt away.”