Pt4_ENERGYSTARRaterFieldChecklistv3COMPRESSED-220831-142149.pdf

ENERGY STAR Certified Homes
Version 3/3.1 Rev. 08
Rater Field Checklist

2
Table of Contents
• Section 1: High-Performance Fenestration & Insulation
• Section 2: Fully-Aligned Air Barriers
• Section 3: Reduced Thermal Bridging
• Section 4: Air Sealing
• Section 5: Heating & Cooling Equipment
• Section 6: Duct Quality Installation
• Section 7: Whole-House Mechanical Ventilation System
• Section 8: Local Mechanical Exhaust
• Section 9: Filtration
• Section 10: Combustion Appliances

Section 1:
High-Performance Fenestration & Insulation
3

4
1 High-Performance Fenestration & Insulation
1 Fenestration matches proposed design
Program Requirements:
1.1: Fenestration meets or exceeds levels specified in Item 2.1 of the Rater
Design Review Checklist

5
Scope:
A. Verify that installed windows, doors, &
skylights meet or exceed the
performance that was specified per
Item 2.1 of the Rater Design Review
Checklist.
The most common place to specify the
performance is in the HERS rating
software file for that home.

6
Examples
Window has no NFRC label,
so Rater cannot assess its
performance
Window has NFRC label, so Rater
can verify that it meets or exceeds
specified performance

7
Building America Solutions Center Link:
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/energy-star-windows#quicktabs-guides=0

8
2 Insulation levels match proposed design
1.2: Insulation meets or exceeds levels specified in Item 3.1 of the Rater Design
Review Checklist

9
Scope:
A. Verify that installed insulation meets or exceeds the performance that
was specified per Item 3.1 of the Rater Design Review Checklist.
The most common place to specify the performance is in the HERS rating
software file for that home.
Component
Specified Performance
in HERS Rating File
Insulation
Installed in Home
Meets or
Exceeds?
Ceiling R-30 R-38 Exceeds
Frame Wall R-13 R-13 Meets
Floor R-19 R-19 Meets
Slab None None Meets
Sample Home

10
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/2009-iecc-code-level-insulation-–-energy-
star-requirements

11
3 Insulation is Grade I
1.3: Verify that all ceiling, wall, floor and slab insulation achieves RESNET-
defined Grade I installation. See Footnote 4 for alternatives. 4

12
Footnotes:
4. Two alternatives are provided:
a) Grade II cavity insulation is permitted to be used for assemblies that contain
a layer of continuous, air impermeable insulation ≥ R-3 in Climate Zones 1 to
4, ≥ R-5 in Climate Zones 5 to 8;
b) Grade II batts are permitted to be used in floors if they fill the full depth of
the floor cavity, even when compression occurs due to excess insulation, as
long as the R-value of the batts has been appropriately assessed based on
manufacturer guidance and the only defect preventing the insulation from
achieving Grade I is the compression caused by the excess insulation.

13
Scope:
A. Verify that all ceiling, wall, floor, and slab insulation achieves Grade I
installation as defined by RESNET by minimizing misalignments, compressions,
gaps, or voids. As an alternative, Grade II is permitted for cavity insulation that
meets the conditions in Footnote 4.
Partial Definition of Grade I from
RESNET’s Standards
"Grade I" shall be used to describe
insulation that is generally installed
according to manufacturers
instructions and/or industry standards.
A "Grade I" installation requires that
the insulation material uniformly fills
each cavity side-to-side and top-to-
bottom, without substantial gaps or
voids around obstructions (such as
blocking or bridging), and is split,
installed, and/or fitted tightly around
wiring and other services in the cavity.
Occasional very small gaps are
acceptable for “Grade I”
Compression or incomplete fill
amounting to 2% or less, if the
empty spaces are less than 30% of
the intended fill thickness, are
acceptable for “Grade I”.

14
Examples
Insulation has misalignment,
compression, and gaps
Grade I un-faced batt
insulation

15
Examples
Spray foam installed with voids Grade I spray foam insulation

16
Examples
Installation installed with
significant compression
Insulation properly split around
wires and cut around duct

17
Examples
Grade I blown-in insulation Grade I faced batt insulation

18
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/insulation-installation-achieves-resnet-
grade-1

Section 2:
Fully-Aligned Air Barriers
19

20
2 Fully-Aligned Air Barriers
1 Air barrier at dropped ceilings / soffits and all other ceilings
2. Fully-Aligned Air Barriers 5 At each insulated location below, a complete air
barrier is provided that is fully aligned as follows:
Ceilings: At interior or exterior horizontal surface of ceiling insulation in Climate
Zones 1-3; at interior horizontal surface of ceiling insulation in Climate Zones 4-8.
Also, at exterior vertical surface of ceiling insulation in all climate zones (e.g.,
using a wind baffle that extends to the full height of the insulation in every bay or
a tabbed baffle in each bay with a soffit vent that prevents wind washing in
adjacent bays). 6
2.1: Dropped ceilings/soffits below unconditioned attics, and all other ceilings

21
Footnotes:
5. For purposes of this Checklist, an air barrier is defined as any durable solid
material that blocks air flow between conditioned space and unconditioned
space, including necessary sealing to block excessive air flow at edges and seams
and adequate support to resist positive and negative pressures without
displacement or damage. EPA recommends, but does not require, rigid air
barriers.
Open-cell or closed-cell foam shall have a finished thickness ≥ 5.5 in. or 1.5 in.,
respectively, to qualify as an air barrier unless the manufacturer indicates
otherwise.
If flexible air barriers such as house wrap are used, they shall be fully sealed at all
seams and edges and supported using fasteners with caps or heads ≥ 1 in.
diameter unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer. Flexible air barriers
shall not be made of kraft paper, paper-based products, or other materials that
are easily torn. If polyethylene is used, its thickness shall be ≥ 6 mil.

22
Footnotes:
6. All insulated ceiling surfaces, regardless of slope (e.g., cathedral ceilings, tray
ceilings, conditioned attic roof decks, flat ceilings, sloped ceilings), must meet the
requirements for ceilings.

23
Scope:
A. At each insulated ceiling, including
dropped ceilings and soffits, verify
that a complete air barrier is
provided that is fully aligned as
follows:
– At interior or exterior horizontal
surface of ceiling insulation in
Climate Zones 1-3;
– At interior horizontal surface of
ceiling insulation in Climate Zones
4-8.
– Also at exterior vertical surface of
ceiling insulation in all climate
zones.
Verify that air barrier is properly
installed at interior horizontal
surface of ceiling insulation over a
dropped ceiling

24
Examples
Air barrier is not present
between dropped ceiling /
soffit and the attic
Air barrier is present
between dropped ceiling /
soffit and the attic

25
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/21-
dropped-ceilingssoffits-below-unconditioned-attics

26
2 Air barrier at walls behind showers, tubs, staircases, & fireplaces
Walls: At exterior vertical surface of wall insulation in all climate zones; also at
interior vertical surface of wall insulation in Climate Zones 4-87
2.2: Walls behind showers, tubs, staircases, and fireplaces

27
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

28
Footnotes:
7. All insulated vertical surfaces are considered walls (e.g., above and below
grade exterior walls, knee walls) and must meet the air barrier requirements for
walls. The following exceptions apply:
• Air barriers recommended, but not required, in adiabatic walls in multifamily
dwellings; and,
• In Climate Zones 4 through 8, an air barrier at the interior vertical surface of
insulation is recommended but not required in basement walls or crawlspace
walls. For the purpose of these exceptions, a basement or crawlspace is a space
for which ≥ 40% of the total gross wall area is below-grade.

29
Scope:
A. At each insulated wall, including
walls behind showers, tubs,
staircases, and fireplaces, verify
that a complete air barrier is
provided that is fully aligned as
follows:
– At exterior vertical surface of wall
insulation in all climate zones;
– Also at interior vertical surface of
wall insulation in Climate Zones 4-8.
Verify that air barrier is
properly installed at interior
vertical surface of wall
insulation behind tub

30
Examples
Air barrier properly installed
behind shower stall
No air barrier installed at
interior vertical surface of
wall insulation behind tub
(Also, not Grade I insulation)

31
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/22-walls-
behind-showers-tubs-staircases-and

32
3 Air barrier at attic knee walls and skylight shaft walls
2.3: Attic knee walls and skylight shaft walls 8

33
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

34
Footnotes:
dwellings; and,

35
Footnotes:
8. Exterior air barriers are not required for attic knee walls that are ≤ 24 in. in
height if an interior air barrier is provided and insulation extends in all directions
from the top of this interior air barrier into unconditioned space at the following
levels: CZ 1-5: ≥ R-21; CZ 6-8: ≥ R-30.
Illustration of exemption from exterior air barrier
in short knee walls, per Footnote 8

36
Scope:
attic knee walls and skylight shaft
walls, verify that a complete air
barrier is provided that is fully
aligned as follows:
installed at exterior vertical
surface of wall insulation behind
attic knee wall

37
Examples
exterior vertical surface of
attic knee wall
(Also, not Grade I insulation)
Air barrier installed on
knee wall prior to insulation

38
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/23-attic-
knee-walls-and-skylight-shaft-walls

39
4 Air barrier at walls adjoining porch roofs or garages
2.4: Walls adjoining porch roofs or garages

40
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

41
Footnotes:
dwellings; and,

42
Scope:
walls adjoining porch roofs or
garages, verify that a complete
air barrier is provided that is fully
aligned as follows:
installed at exterior vertical
surface of wall insulation where
porch roof connects to wall

43
Examples
exterior vertical surface of wall
adjoining the porch roof
Air barrier is installed at exterior
vertical surface of wall adjoining porch
(though drainage plane incomplete)

44
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/24-walls-
adjoining-porch-roofs-or-garages

45
5 Air barrier at double-walls and all other exterior walls
2.5: Double-walls and all other exterior walls

46
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

47
Footnotes:
dwellings; and,

48
Scope:
double-walls and exterior walls
not already called out on the prior
slides, verify that a complete air
aligned as follows:
– Also at interior vertical surface of wall
insulation in Climate Zones 4-8.
In this example of a double-wall, the
taped rigid foam sheathing is the
exterior vertical air barrier, and the
mudded, taped, and caulked drywall is
the interior vertical air barrier

49
Examples
Air barrier installed within double-
wall framing, to align with exterior
vertical surface of insulation
Insulation does not fill entire cavity,
and no air barrier installed at
exterior vertical surface of insulation

50
Examples
Air barrier installed to align with
exterior vertical surface of insulation
Air barrier is installed but is not
sealed to be continuous

51
double-walls-and-all-other-exterior-walls

52
6 Air barrier at floors above unconditioned space & at cantilevered floors
Floors: At exterior vertical surface of floor insulation in all climate zones and, if
over unconditioned space, also at interior horizontal surface including supports
to ensure alignment. See Footnotes 10 & 11 for alternatives. 9, 10, 11
2.6: Floors above garages, floors above unconditioned basements or
crawlspaces, and cantilevered floors

53
Illustration of exterior vertical air barrier and interior horizontal
air barrier required for floors above garages, floors above
unconditioned basements or crawlspaces, and cantilevered floors
(See Footnote 11 for alternative air barrier compliance option)

54
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

55
Footnotes:
9. EPA highly recommends, but does not require, an air barrier at the interior
vertical surface of floor insulation in Climate Zones 4-8.
10. Examples of supports necessary for permanent contact include staves for batt
insulation or netting for blown-in insulation. Alternatively, supports are not
required if batts fill the full depth of the floor cavity, even when compression
occurs due to excess insulation, as long as the R-value of the batts has been
appropriately assessed based on manufacturer guidance and the only defect
preventing the insulation from achieving the required installation grade is the
compression caused by the excess insulation.
11. Alternatively, an air barrier is permitted to be installed at the exterior
horizontal surface of the floor insulation if the insulation is installed in contact
with this air barrier, the exterior vertical surfaces of the floor cavity are also
insulated, and air barriers are included at the exterior vertical surfaces of this
insulation.

56
Scope:
A. At each insulated floor,
including any cantilevered
floors, floors above
unconditioned basements or
vented crawlspaces, or floors
above garages, verify that a
complete air barrier is provided
that is fully aligned as follows:
1. At exterior vertical surface of floor
2. If over unconditioned space, also
at interior horizontal surface
including supports to ensure
alignment.
installed at (A1) exterior vertical
surface and (A2) interior horizontal
surface of the floor insulation

57
Examples
Spray foam used to create air barrier at
exterior vertical surface of where floor
insulation will be located
Air barrier not visible where
floor insulation will be

58
Examples
Insulation is in contact with floor above
(i.e., interior horizontal surface) through
proper support by wire
Insulation must be full depth or
use supports to ensure
alignment with floor above
(i.e., interior horizontal surface)

59
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/26-floors-
above-garages-floors-above-unconditioned

60
7 Air barrier at all floors adjoining unconditioned space (e.g., rim joists)
Floors: At exterior vertical surface of floor insulation in all climate zones and, if
over unconditioned space, also at interior horizontal surface including supports
to ensure alignment. See Footnotes 10 & 11 for alternatives. 9, 10, 11
2.7: All other floors adjoining unconditioned space (e.g., rim/band joists at
exterior wall or at porch roof)

61
Illustration of exterior vertical air barrier required for
all other floors adjoining unconditioned space (e.g.,
rim/band joists at exterior wall or at porch roof)

62
Footnotes:
barriers.
otherwise.

63
Footnotes:
9. EPA highly recommends, but does not require, an air barrier at the interior
vertical surface of floor insulation in Climate Zones 4-8.
10. Examples of supports necessary for permanent contact include staves for batt
insulation or netting for blown-in insulation. Alternatively, supports are not
required if batts fill the full depth of the floor cavity, even when compression
occurs due to excess insulation, as long as the R-value of the batts has been
appropriately assessed based on manufacturer guidance and the only defect
preventing the insulation from achieving the required installation grade is the
compression caused by the excess insulation.
11. Alternatively, an air barrier is permitted to be installed at the exterior
horizontal surface of the floor insulation if the insulation is installed in contact
with this air barrier, the exterior vertical surfaces of the floor cavity are also
insulated, and air barriers are included at the exterior vertical surfaces of this
insulation.

64
Scope:
A. At each insulated floor
adjoining unconditioned space,
such as rim / band joists at
exterior wall or at porch roof,
verify that a complete air
aligned as follows:
1. At exterior vertical surface of floor
2. If over unconditioned space, also
at interior horizontal surface
including supports to ensure
alignment.
installed at (A1) exterior vertical
surface and, if over unconditioned
space, at (A2) interior horizontal
surface of the floor insulation

65
Examples
Air barrier not visible where
floor insulation will be
Spray foam used to seal and
insulate along exterior vertical
surface of floor insulation

66
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/27-all-
other-floors-adjoining-unconditioned-space-eg

Section 3:
Reduced Thermal Bridging
67

68
3 Reduced Thermal Bridging
1 Min. required Grade I ceiling insulation extends to exterior wall below
3.1: For insulated ceilings with attic space above (i.e., non-cathedralized), Grade
I insulation extends to the inside face of the exterior wall below and is:
• ≥ R-21 in CZ 1-5 12
• ≥ R-30 in CZ 6-8 12

69
Footnotes:
12. The minimum designated R-values must be achieved regardless of the trade-
offs determined using an equivalent U-factor or UA alternative calculation, with
the following exception:
For homes permitted through 12/31/2012: CZ 1-5: For spaces that provide less
than 5.5 in. of clearance, R-15 Grade I insulation is permitted. CZ 6-8: For spaces
that provide less than 7.0 in. of clearance, R-21 Grade I insulation is permitted.
For homes permitted on or after 01/01/2013: Homes shall achieve Item 3.1
without exception.
Note that if the minimum designated values are used, then higher insulation
values may be needed elsewhere to meet Item 1.2. Also, note that these
requirements can be met by using any available strategy, such as a raised-heel
truss, alternate framing that provides adequate space, and / or high-density
insulation.

70
Scope:
A. Verify that there is enough room
where the attic intersects the inside
face of the exterior wall below it for:
– ≥ R-21 Grade I insulation in CZ 1-5
– ≥ R-30 Grade I insulation in CZ 6-8
Examples of strategies include the
use of high-density insulation at the
attic perimeter or a raised-heel truss.
A raised-heel truss is just one strategy
that would provide sufficient room for
minimum required insulation

71
Examples
Framing allows for required
insulation depth
Framing and wind baffle
installation does not allow
for required insulation depth

72
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/attic-eave-minimum-insulation

73
2 100% of slab edge insulated to ≥ R-5 & aligned with walls
3.2: For slabs on grade in CZ 4-8, 100% of slab edge insulated to ≥ R-5 at the
depth specified by the 2009 IECC and aligned with the thermal boundary of the
walls 13, 14

74
Footnotes:
13. Consistent with the 2009 IECC, slab edge insulation is only required for slab-
on-grade floors with a floor surface less than 12 inches below grade.
Slab insulation shall extend to the top of the slab to provide a complete thermal
break. If the top edge of the insulation is installed between the exterior wall and
the edge of the interior slab, it shall be permitted to be cut at a 45-degree angle
away from the exterior wall.
Alternatively, the thermal break is permitted to be created using ≥ R-3 rigid
insulation on top of an existing slab (e.g., in a home undergoing a gut
rehabilitation). In such cases, up to 10% of the slab surface is permitted to not be
insulated (e.g., for sleepers, for sill plates). Insulation installed on top of slab shall
be covered by a durable floor surface (e.g., hardwood, tile, carpet).

75
Footnotes:
14. Where an insulated wall separates a garage, patio, porch, or other
unconditioned space from the conditioned space of the house, slab insulation
shall also be installed at this interface to provide a thermal break between the
conditioned and unconditioned slab.
Where specific details cannot meet this requirement, partners shall provide the
detail to EPA to request an exemption prior to the home’s certification. EPA will
compile exempted details and work with industry to develop feasible details for
use in future revisions to the program. A list of currently exempted details is
available at: www.energystar.gov/slabedge.

76
Scope:
A. Verify that insulation covers 100% of
slab edge, meets the minimum
required insulation level, and is
installed at the correct depth when
constructing slab-on-grade
foundations.
Insulation installed at slab edge, at
proper R-value and depth

77
Examples
Slab insulation extends to the
top of the slab
Slab insulation does not
extend to the top of the slab

78
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/slab-edge-insulation

79
3 Minimum required Grade I insulation beneath attic platforms
3.3: Insulation beneath attic platforms (e.g., HVAC platforms, walkways):
• ≥ R-21 in CZ 1-5
• ≥ R-30 in CZ 6-8

80
Scope:
A. Verify that insulation under attic
walkways or platforms meets
minimum requirements, without
misalignments, compressions, gaps,
or voids.
B. Insulation must be in contact with
the air barrier (e.g., drywall ceiling)
under all attic platforms.
Insulation installed under attic
platforms constructed for storage or
equipment
B

81
Examples
HVAC platform installed with
space for proper insulation
depth
Insulation will not be in full
contact with the air barrier
(e.g., drywall) once installed

82
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/insulation-below-attic-platforms

83
4.1 Continuous Insulation: Cont. rigid insulation and/or insulated siding
3.4 At above-grade walls separating conditioned from unconditioned space, one
of the following options used (rim / band joists exempted): 15
3.4.1: Continuous rigid insulation, insulated siding, or combination of the two is:
• ≥ R-3 in CZ 1-4;16, 17, 18
• ≥ R-5 in CZ 5-8; 16, 17, 18
• OR use an advanced assembly (Item 3.4.2) or advanced framing (Item 3.4.3)

84
Footnotes:
15. Mass walls utilized as the thermal mass component of a passive solar design
(e.g., a Trombe wall) are exempt from this Item.
To be eligible for this exemption, the passive solar design shall be comprised of
the following five components: an aperture or collector, an absorber, thermal
mass, a distribution system, and a control system. For more information, see:
www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/guide_to_passive_solar_home_design.pdf.

85
Footnotes:
15 (cont’d). Mass walls that are not part of a passive solar design (e.g., CMU block
or log home enclosure) shall either utilize the strategies outlined in Item 3.4 or
the pathway in the assembly with the least thermal resistance, as determined
using a method consistent with the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals,
shall provide ≥ 50% of the applicable assembly resistance, defined as the
reciprocal of the mass wall equivalent U-factor in the 2009 IECC Table 402.1.3.
Documentation identifying the pathway with the least thermal resistance and its
resistance value shall be collected by the Rater and any Builder Verified or Rater
Verified box under Item 3.4 shall be checked.

86
Footnotes:
16. Up to 10% of the total exterior wall surface area is exempted from the
reduced thermal bridging requirements to accommodate intentional designed
details (e.g., architectural details such as thermal fins, wing walls, or masonry
fireplaces; structural details, such as steel columns).
It shall be apparent to the Rater that the exempted areas are intentional
designed details or the exempted area shall be documented in a plan provided by
the builder, architect, or engineer. The Rater need not evaluate the necessity of
the designed detail to certify the home.

87
Footnotes:
17. If used, insulated siding shall be attached directly over a water-resistive
barrier and sheathing. In addition, it shall provide the required R-value as
demonstrated through either testing in accordance with ASTM C 1363 or by
attaining the required R-value at its minimum thickness. Insulated sheathing
rated for water protection can be used as a water resistant barrier if all seams are
taped and sealed. If non-insulated structural sheathing is used at corners, the
advanced framing details listed in Item 3.4.3 shall be met for those wall sections.
18. Steel framing shall meet the reduced thermal bridging requirements by
complying with Item 3.4.1 of the Checklist.

88
Scope:
A. Install continuous rigid foam
insulation or insulated siding to help
reduce thermal bridging through
wood- or metal-framed exterior
walls.
Continuous rigid foam insulation or
insulated siding installed

89
Examples
Continuous rigid insulation has
been installed correctly
Insulated sheathing has a gap
and so it is not continuous

90
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/continuous-rigid-insulation-
sheathingsiding

91
4.2 Advanced Assembly: SIP, ICF, or double-wall framing
3.4.2: Select an advanced assembly option:
• Structural Insulated Panels; 16, 19
• Insulated Concrete Forms; 16, 19
• Double-wall framing; 16, 19
• OR use continuous insulation (Item 3.4.1) or advanced framing (Item 3.4.3)

92
Footnotes:

93
Footnotes:

94
Footnotes:
16. Up to 10% of the total exterior wall surface area is exempted from the
reduced thermal bridging requirements to accommodate intentional designed
details (e.g., architectural details such as thermal fins, wing walls, or masonry
fireplaces; structural details, such as steel columns).
It shall be apparent to the Rater that the exempted areas are intentional
designed details or the exempted area shall be documented in a plan provided by
the builder, architect, or engineer. The Rater need not evaluate the necessity of
the designed detail to certify the home.

95
Footnotes:
19. Double-wall framing is defined as any framing method that ensures a
continuous layer of insulation covering the studs to at least the R-value required
in Item 3.4.1 of the Checklist, such as:
• Offset double-stud walls,
• Aligned double-stud walls with continuous insulation between the adjacent
stud faces, or
• Single-stud walls with 2x2 or 2x3 cross-framing.
In all cases, insulation shall fill the entire wall cavity from the interior to exterior
sheathing except at windows, doors and other penetrations.

96
Scope:
A. Verify that specific guidelines are
followed when Structural Insulated
Panels (SIPs), Insulated Concrete
Forms (ICFs), or double-wall framing
is used.
SIPs used to construct exterior walls
& roofs can provide reduced air
leakage, consistent insulation, and
minimized thermal bridging

97
Examples
Proper installation of Insulated
Concrete Forms creates
continuous thermal enclosure
A gap separates two wall layers in this
double-stud wall assembly allowing room
for insulation to stop thermal bridging
between the inner and outer wall

98
structural-insulated-panels-or-insulated-concrete

99
4.3 Advanced Framing
3.4 At above-grade walls separating conditioned from unconditioned space, one of
the following options used (rim / band joists exempted): 15
3.4.3 Advanced framing, including all of the Items below: 20
• 3.4.3a: Corners insulated ≥ R-6 to edge 21, AND;
• 3.4.3b: Headers above windows & doors insulated ≥ R-3 for 2x4 framing or equiv.
cavity width, and ≥ R-5 for all other assemblies (e.g., with 2x6 framing) 22, AND;
• 3.4.3c: Framing limited at all windows & doors to one pair of king studs, plus one
pair of jack studs per window opening to support the header and sill, AND;
• 3.4.3d: Wall intersections insulated to same R-value as rest of ext. wall, 23 AND;
• 3.4.3e: Minimum stud spacing of 16 in. o.c. for 2x4 framing in all Climate Zones
and, in CZ 6-8, 24 in. o.c. for 2x6 framing 24
• OR use cont. insulation (Item 3.4.1) or an advanced assembly (Item 3.4.2)

100
4.3a Advanced Framing: Corners insulated ≥ R-6 to edge
• 3.4.3a: Corners insulated ≥ R-6 to edge 21

101
Footnotes:

102
Footnotes:

103
Footnotes:
20. All advanced framing details shall be met except where the builder, architect,
or engineer provides a framing plan that encompasses the details in question,
indicating that structural members are required at these locations and including
the rationale for these members (e.g., full-depth solid framing is required at wall
corners or interior / exterior wall intersections for shear strength, a full-depth
solid header is required above a window to transfer load to jacks studs, additional
jack studs are required to support transferred loads, additional cripple studs are
required to maintain on-center spacing, or stud spacing must be reduced to
support multiple stories in a multifamily building).
The Rater shall retain a copy of the detail and rationale for their records, but
need not evaluate the rationale to certify the home.

104
Footnotes:
21. All exterior corners shall be constructed to allow access for the installation of
≥ R-6 insulation that extends to the exterior wall sheathing.
Examples of compliance options include standard-density insulation with
alternative framing techniques, such as using three studs per corner, or high-
density insulation (e.g., spray foam) with standard framing techniques.

105
Scope:
A. Construct framed walls using
advanced framing details like
insulated corners that reduce
framing and thermal bridging and
allow more space for insulation.
Corner constructed with studs placed
such that ≥ R-6 insulation can be
installed properly

106
Examples
Three-stud framing creates
space that allows corner to
be insulated
Framing does not allow
corner to be insulated

107
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/advanced-framing-insulated-corners

108
4.3b Advanced Framing: Windows & door headers insulated
• 3.4.3b: Headers above windows & doors insulated ≥ R-3 for 2x4 framing or
equivalent cavity width, and ≥ R-5 for all other assemblies (e.g., with 2x6
framing) 22

109
Footnotes:

110
Footnotes:

111
Footnotes:
support multiple stories in a multifamily building). The Rater shall retain a copy of
the detail and rationale for their records, but need not evaluate the rationale to
certify the home.

112
Footnotes:
22. Compliance options include continuous rigid insulation sheathing, SIP
headers, other prefabricated insulated headers, single-member or two-member
headers with insulation either in between or on one side, or an equivalent
assembly. R-value requirement refers to manufacturer’s nominal insulation value.

113
Scope:
A. Verify that insulated headers are used over doors and windows in order to
reduce thermal bridging and that they meet minimum required insulation
level.
Rigid insulation installed between
header and sheathing, in lieu of OSB
filler, is one way to meet requirement

114
Examples
Continuous rigid insulation has
been installed between
header and sheathing
Continuous rigid insulation
has been installed between
two headers

115
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/advanced-framing-insulated-headers

116
4.3c Advanced Framing: Framing limited at all windows & doors
• 3.4.3c: Framing limited at all windows & doors to one pair of king studs, plus
one pair of jack studs per window opening to support the header and sill

117
Footnotes:

118
Footnotes:

119
Footnotes:
certify the home.

120
Scope:
A. Verify that framing is limited at all
windows & doors to one pair of king
studs, plus one pair of jack studs per
window opening to support the
header and sill.
Minimal framing used at a window:
one pair of king studs, one pair of
jack studs, and cripple studs to
maintain on-center spacing

121
Examples
Single king stud and jack stud
at edge of door
Window has multiple pairs of
king studs and cripple studs

122
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/advanced-framing-minimal-framing-
doors-and-windows

123
4.3d Advanced Framing: Wall intersections insulated the same as ext walls
• 3.4.3d: Interior/exterior wall intersections insulated to same R-value as rest of
exterior wall 23

124
Footnotes:

125
Footnotes:

126
Footnotes:
certify the home.

127
Footnotes:
23. Insulation shall run behind interior / exterior wall intersections using ladder
blocking, full length 2x6 or 1x6 furring behind the first partition stud, drywall
clips, or other equivalent alternative.

128
Scope:
A. Use ladder blocking, or an
alternative strategy, to provide
space for insulation behind
interior/exterior wall intersections.
B. Use full length 2x6 or 1x6 furring, or
an alternative strategy, to provide
space for insulation behind
interior/exterior wall intersections.
Two strategies for providing space behind
interior/exterior wall intersections:
A. Ladder blocking
B. 2x6 or 1x6 furring

129
Examples
Ladder blocking allows for
insulation behind intersection
Conventional T-post used at
intersection; very difficult to insulate

130
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/advanced-framing-insulated-
interiorexterior-wall-intersections

131
4.3e Advanced Framing: Minimum stud spacing requirements met
• 3.4.3e: Minimum stud spacing of 16 in. o.c. for 2x4 framing in all Climate Zones
and, in CZ 6-8, 24 in. o.c. for 2x6 framing 24

132
Footnotes:

133
Footnotes:

134
Footnotes:
certify the home.

135
Footnotes:
24. In Climate Zones 6 - 8, a minimum stud spacing of 16 in. o.c. is permitted to
be used with 2x6 framing if ≥ R-20.0 wall cavity insulation is achieved. However,
all 2x6 framing with stud spacing of 16 in. o.c. in Climate Zones 6 - 8 shall have ≥
R-20.0 wall cavity insulation installed regardless of any framing plan or alternative
equivalent total UA calculation.

136
Scope:
A. Verify that wall stud spacing meets or
exceeds minimum spacing
requirements, to allow for more
insulation:
1. 16 inches on-center for 2x4 framing
in all Climate Zones
2. 24 inches on-center for 2x6 framing
in Climate Zones 6-8
Minimum stud spacing
requirements illustrated for
2x4 and 2x6 walls
A1
A2

137
Examples
Proper spacing of studs maximizes
space for insulation
Stud spacing is less than
minimum requirements,
resulting in excessive framing

138
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/advanced-framing-minimum-wall-studs

140
4 Air Sealing
1 Air sealing at penetrations, with blocking / flashing as needed
Unless otherwise noted below, “sealed” indicates the use of caulk, foam, or
equivalent material.
4.1 Ducts, flues, shafts, plumbing, piping, wiring, exhaust fans, & other
penetrations to unconditioned space sealed, with blocking / flashing as needed

141
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Air seal around all duct shafts, flues,
plumbing, wiring, fans, and other
penetrations installed through
ceilings, walls, and flooring to keep
conditioned air from leaking into
unconditioned space.
1. Blocking or flashing may be needed to
seal large holes.
2. Caulk, foam, or equivalent material is
best suited for smaller gaps and cracks.
Area around duct shaft
properly blocked and sealed
A2

142
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Fibrous insulation will not
create air seal at duct
penetration
Chase is capped with rigid air
barrier, duct work is sealed

143
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/41-ducts-
flues-shafts-plumbing-piping-wiring-exhaust

144
4 Air Sealing
2 Recessed light fixtures ICAT labeled & gasketed, plus insulated ≥ R-10
4.2 Recessed lighting fixtures adjacent to unconditioned space ICAT labeled and
gasketed. Also, if in insulated ceiling without attic above, exterior surface of
fixture insulated to ≥ R-10 in CZ 4-8.

145
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. If light fixture is installed adjacent to
unconditioned space, ensure it is ICAT-
labeled.
B. If light fixture is installed adjacent to
unconditioned space, verify that
gasket is placed between fixture and
trim to keep conditioned air from
leaking into unconditioned space.
Light fixture is ICAT labeled
and gasket is present

146
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Gasket is missing between
the fixture and the trim
Light fixture is ICAT
labeled and gasketed

147
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-recessed-light-fixtures-below-
unconditioned-space

148
4 Air Sealing
3 Sill plates sealed to foundation / sub-floor, plus gasket beneath
4.3. Above-grade sill plates adjacent to conditioned space sealed to foundation or
sub-floor. Gasket also placed beneath above-grade sill plate if resting atop
concrete / masonry & adjacent to conditioned space 25, 26

149
4 Air Sealing
Footnotes:
25. Existing sill plates (e.g., in a home undergoing a gut rehabilitation) on the
interior side of structural masonry or monolithic walls are exempt from this Item.
In addition, other existing sill plates resting atop concrete or masonry and
adjacent to conditioned space are permitted, in lieu of using a gasket, to be
sealed with caulk, foam, or equivalent material at both the interior seam
between the sill plate and the subfloor and the seam between the top of the sill
plate and the sheathing.
26. In Climate Zones 1 through 3, a continuous stucco cladding system adjacent to
sill and bottom plates is permitted to be used in lieu of sealing plates to
foundation or sub-floor with caulk, foam, or equivalent material.

150
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that above-grade sill plates
adjacent to conditioned space are air
sealed to minimize air leakage.
B. Ensure foam gasket is also installed if
the sill plate sits on concrete or
masonry and is adjacent to
conditioned space. The gasket will act
as both a capillary break and an air
seal.
Above-grade sill plate
adjacent to conditioned
space is sealed and gasketed

151
4 Air Sealing
Examples
No air sealing or gasket are
present between sill plate and
concrete foundation
Foam gasket installed between sill
plate and foundation

152
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-sill-plates

153
4 Air Sealing
4 Continuous top plate or blocking at top of walls, and sealed
4.4 Continuous top plate or blocking is at top of walls adjoining unconditioned
space, and sealed

154
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that continuous top plates or
blocking are installed at the tops of
walls adjacent to unconditioned space
to minimize air leakage.
Continuous top plates installed
at the top of wall adjacent to
unconditioned space

155
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Wall from above without top
plate or blocking installed
Continuous top plate installed

156
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/top-plates-or-blocking-top-walls-
adjoining-unconditioned-spaces

157
4 Air Sealing
5 Drywall sealed to top plates
4.5 Drywall sealed to top plate at all unconditioned attic / wall interfaces using
caulk, foam, drywall adhesive (but not other construction adhesives), or
equivalent material. Either apply sealant directly between drywall and top plate
or to the seam between the two from the attic above.

158
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that drywall is sealed to top
plates at all attic/wall interfaces to
minimize air leakage.
Either:
• Install the drywall first, then seal
from the attic side, or,
• Apply the sealant (e.g., caulk, foam,
drywall adhesive) to the side of the
top plate and then install the drywall
over the sealant. Ensure that the
sealant remains intact.
Drywall air sealed to top plates
at an attic/wall interface

159
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Top plate is not sealed to the
drywall
Top plate is sealed to the drywall
from the attic side with foam

160
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Sill seal has been attached to
top plate (which is acceptable)
but the seal has been torn
Durable gasket is attached to top
plate prior to drywall installation

161
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-drywall-top-plate

162
4 Air Sealing
6 Rough opening around windows & exterior doors sealed
4.6 Rough opening around windows & exterior doors sealed 27

163
4 Air Sealing
Footnotes:
27. In Climate Zones 1 through 3, a continuous stucco cladding system sealed to
windows and doors is permitted to be used in lieu of sealing rough openings with
caulk or foam.

164
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that rough opening around
doors and windows are air sealed
prior to installing trim to minimize air
leakage.
If using spray foam, use a low-
expansion foam designed for doors
and windows.
Do not rely on fibrous insulation alone
to block airflow.
Rough opening around window
properly air sealed

165
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Rough opening around
window not air sealed
Backer rod has been inserted into
rough opening around window in
preparation for spray foam

166
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-window-and-door-rough-
openings

167
4 Air Sealing
7 Garage walls sealed, plus sealed air barrier at floor cavity above
4.7 Walls that separate attached garages from occupiable space sealed and, also,
an air barrier installed and sealed at floor cavities aligned with these walls

168
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Seal walls that separate attached
garages from occupiable space. This
will minimize air leakage and also
reduce the risk that contaminants in
the garage will enter the house.
B. Verify that an air barrier has been
installed and sealed at the floor
cavities aligned with these walls.
Garage wall is sealed (A) and
floor cavity aligned with the
wall has an air barrier
installed and sealed (B)

169
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Where the floor cavity aligns
with the garage wall below, no
air barrier is present
Where the floor cavity aligns with
the garage wall below, an I-joist
provides a continuous air barrier

170
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/garage-rimband-joist-adjoining-
conditioned-space

171
4 Air Sealing
8 Gap between common wall and framing sealed
4.8 In multifamily buildings, the gap between the common wall (e.g. the drywall
shaft wall) and the structural framing between units sealed at all exterior
boundaries

172
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. For dwelling units in multi-family
structures, verify that the gap
between the drywall and structural
framing of the common wall is air
sealed, to minimize air leakage and
provide a control layer for sound,
smoke, fire, and air quality.
Note that local code officials may
dictate which air sealing materials
comply with the fire safety code.
Seal the gap between the
drywall and structural framing
of the common wall

173
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Gap between drywall and
framing not sealed
Additional strips of drywall used
to fill gap between drywall and
framing of common wall

174
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-multifamily-party-walls

175
4 Air Sealing
9 Doors sealed with weatherstripping or equivalent gasket
4.9 Doors adjacent to unconditioned space (e.g., attics, garages, basements) or
ambient conditions made substantially air-tight with weatherstripping or
equivalent gasket

176
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that doors adjacent to
unconditioned space (e.g., attics,
garages, basements, outdoors) are
made substantially air-tight with
weatherstripping or equivalent gasket.
Verify that weatherstripping
has been installed along door
openings to reduce airflow

177
4 Air Sealing
Examples
No weather stripping has
been installed, evident by the
visible light around the door
Weather stripping has been
installed, remains in contact after
door is closed

178
4 Air Sealing
https://basc.pnnl.gov/resource-guides/air-sealing-doors-adjacent-unconditioned-
space

179
4 Air Sealing
10 ≥ R-10 gasketed cover over attic stairs / panels & whole-house fans
4.10 Attic access panels, drop-down stairs, & whole-house fans equipped with
durable ≥ R-10 cover that is gasketed (i.e., not caulked). Fan covers either
installed on house side or mechanically operated. 28

180
4 Air Sealing
Footnotes:
28. Examples of durable covers include, but are not limited to, pre-fabricated
covers with integral insulation, rigid foam adhered to cover with adhesive, or batt
insulation mechanically fastened to the cover (e.g., using bolts, metal wire, or
metal strapping).

181
4 Air Sealing
Scope:
A. Verify that attic access panels, drop-
down stairs, & whole-house fans are
insulated ≥ R-10 to reduce heat
transfer, and, that the cover is durable
such that the insulation R-value will be
maintained over time.
B. Verify that attic access panels, drop-
down stairs, & whole-house fans are
gasketed or have a gasketed cover to
provide a continuous air barrier at the
ceiling.
Verify that durable, gasketed,
insulated, cover is present

182
4 Air Sealing
Examples
Attic access panel is not
insulated or gasketed
Access panel is insulated and
gasketed; this is acceptable as long
as insulation is mechanically
fastened to cover

4 Air Sealing
183
https://basc.pnnl.gov/energy-star-certified-homes-version-331-rev-08/410-attic-
access-panels-drop-down-stairs-whole-house

Section 5:
Heating & Cooling Equipment
184

185
5 Heating & Cooling Equipment
1 Mfr. & model of HVAC equipment matches HVAC Design Report
(HVAC Design Report Item # indicated in parenthesis)
5.1 HVAC manufacturer & model number on installed equipment matches either
of the following (check box): 31
HVAC Design Report (4.3, 4.4, & 4.17)
Written approval received from designer

186
Footnotes:
31. If installed equipment does not match the HVAC Design Report, then prior to
certification the Rater shall obtain written approval from the designer (e.g.,
email, updated HVAC Design Report) confirming that the installed equipment
meets the requirements of the HVAC Design Report.
In cases where the condenser unit is installed after the time of inspection by the
Rater, the HVAC manufacturer and model numbers on installed equipment can be
documented through the use of photographs provided by the HVAC Contractor
after installation is complete.

187
Scope:
A. Verify that the manufacturer and model number of the:
– Condenser (Item 4.3 of the HVAC Design Report),
– Evaporator / fan coil (Item 4.4 of the HVAC Design Report), and,
– Furnace (Item 4.17 of the HVAC Design Report)
match the installed equipment.
American HVAC #CAC4816E*
American HVAC #HEAC152*
American HVAC #FE7290*
Verify that the manuf. & model numbers match the installed equipment

188
Scope:
B. Alternatively, if the installed equipment does not match the HVAC
Design Report, then prior to certification obtain written approval from
the designer confirming that the installed equipment meets the
requirements of the HVAC Design Report.
Examples of written approval include a revised HVAC Design Report
with the correct information, an email from the designer, or a
spreadsheet from the designer indicating alternative models that are
also compliant.
If this alternative is used, retain the written documentation for your
records, and check the box on the Rater Field Checklist for “Written
approval received from designer”.

189
https://basc.pnnl.gov/information/energy-star-rater-field-checklist-5-heating-
cooling-equipment
1

190
2 External static pressure measured at contractor-provided locations
5.2 External static pressure measured by Rater at contractor-provided test
locations and documented below: 32

191
Footnotes:
32. The Rater shall measure and record the external static pressure in the return-
side and supply-side of the system using the contractor-provided test locations.
However, at this time, the Rater need not assess whether these values are within
a specific range to certify the home.

192
Scope:
A. Measure the external static pressure, in Inches of Water Column (IWC), of the
return-side of the HVAC system and the supply-side of the HVAC system. Use
the same test locations as the contractor to help ensure an accurate and
consistent reading.
B. Document the vales on Item 5.2 of the checklist.
Measure and document the external static pressure in Item 5.2

193
cooling-equipment
Additional Information:
View this video from the ENERGY STAR program, which demonstrates how to
measure external static pressure: https://youtu.be/Dbt-gZEACXg

194
3 Optional: HVAC Commissioning Checklist collected, no items left blank
5.3 Permitted, but not required: HVAC Commissioning Checklist collected, with
no items left blank

195
Scope:
A. HVAC contractors are required to be credentialed, to commission the HVAC
system, and to complete and sign the HVAC Commissioning Checklist. The
completed checklist for each commissioned system, along with the
corresponding HVAC Design Report, are required to be retained by the
contractor for quality assurance purposes.
The Rater is permitted, but not required, to collect and review the HVAC
Commissioning Checklist. Some Raters choose to do this for every system,
while others choose to do this on a sampled basis, or not at all.

196
Scope:
The sections of the HVAC Commissioning Checklist are as follows:
• Commissioning Overview – site and commissioning contractor details
• Refrigerant Charge – Measurement of refrigerant temperature and pressure
and deviation from goal. Purpose: to ensure proper charging.
• Indoor HVAC Air Flow – Measurement of total airflow and % deviation from
goal. Purpose: to ensure proper heat transfer between equipment and air.
• Air Balancing of Supply Registers and Return Grilles (Recommended, but not
Required) – Optional measurement of airflow out of registers and grilles and
deviation from goals. Purpose: to ensure delivery of proper amount of heated
and cooled air to each room.

197
cooling-equipment

Section 6:
Duct Quality Installation
198

199
6 Duct Quality Installation
1 Ductwork installed without kinks, sharp bends, compressions, or coils
Applies to Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Exhaust, & Pressure Balancing Ducts,
Unless Noted in Footnote
6.1 Ductwork installed without kinks, sharp bends, compressions, or excessive
coiled flexible ductwork33

200
Footnotes:
33. Kinks are to be avoided and are caused when ducts are bent across sharp
corners such as framing members. Sharp bends are to be avoided and occur
when the radius of the turn in the duct is less than one duct diameter.
Compression is to be avoided and occurs when flexible ducts in unconditioned
space are installed in cavities smaller than the outer duct diameter and ducts in
conditioned space are installed in cavities smaller than inner duct diameter.
Ducts shall not include coils or loops except to the extent needed for acoustical
control.

201
Scope:
A. Verify that ductwork is installed
without kinks, compressions, or coils.
B. Very that ductwork is installed without
sharp bends, which occur when the
radius of the turn in the duct is less
than one duct diameter.
Ducts installed without kinks
or sharp bends

202
Examples
Flex duct is installed with sharp bends
and excessive coils
Duct is properly supported and
installed without sharp kicks or
bends

203
Examples
Compression and sharp bends
evident in ductwork
Flex duct is installed in straight line,
with gradual bend around corner

204
ductwork-installed-without-kinks-sharp-bends

205
2 Bedrooms pressure-balanced to ≤ 3 Pa
Applies to Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Exhaust, & Pressure Balancing Ducts,
Unless Noted in Footnote
6.2 Bedrooms pressure-balanced using any combination of transfer grills, jump
ducts, dedicated return ducts, and / or undercut doors to achieve a Rater-
measured pressure differential ≤ 3 Pa with respect to the main body of the house
when all bedroom doors are closed and all air handlers are operating. See
Footnote 34 for alternative. 34

206
Footnotes:
34. Item 6.2 does not apply to ventilation or exhaust ducts. For an HVAC system
with a multi-speed fan, the highest design fan speed shall be used when verifying
this requirement. As an alternative to the 3 Pa limit, a Rater-measured pressure
differential ≤ 5 Pa is permitted to be used for bedrooms with a design airflow ≥
150 CFM. The Rater-measured pressure shall be rounded to the nearest whole
number to assess compliance.

207
Scope:
A. Measure the pressure differential
between the bedroom and the main
body of the house when all bedroom
doors are closed and all air handlers
are operating, and verify it is ≤ 3 Pa (or
≤ 5 Pa for bedrooms with a design
airflow ≥ 150 CFM). The pressure
differential can be reduced using a
variety of strategies such as:
1. A transfer grille, or,
2. A jump duct
Examples of methods for balancing
pressure between bedrooms and
main body of the house:
A1 - transfer grille, A2 - jump duct

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