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Psychology, “ Factors affecting intelligence ”.
- 3. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Nature-Nurture Interplay: Intelligenceis influenced by Nature-Nurture Interplay: Intelligence is influenced by both genetic (Nature) and environmental (Nurture) both genetic (Nature) and environmental (Nurture) factors. factors. 1 1. . 2. 2.Dynamic Nature of Intelligence: Intelligence can change Dynamic Nature of Intelligence: Intelligence can change and develop over time. and develop over time. 3.Inheritance of Intelligence: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is 3.Inheritance of Intelligence: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is partially influenced by parents' IQ levels. partially influenced by parents' IQ levels.
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- 7. HEREDITY HEREDITY HEREDITY 1 1 1. . . Heredity refers tothe passing of genetically transmitted Heredity refers to the passing of genetically transmitted Heredity refers to the passing of genetically transmitted characteristics from one generation to the next. characteristics from one generation to the next. characteristics from one generation to the next. The genotype express itself in observable appearance The genotype express itself in observable appearance The genotype express itself in observable appearance and behaviour. and behaviour. and behaviour. The phenotype include Intelligence, personality and The phenotype include Intelligence, personality and The phenotype include Intelligence, personality and creativity. creativity. creativity. Children's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, with Children's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, with Children's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, with high-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parents high-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parents high-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parents having relatively low-IQ children. having relatively low-IQ children. having relatively low-IQ children.
- 8. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR 2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR Environmentprovides the necessary input and experimental base for intellectual development of child. Environment or deficiency of environment would produce diffrence in his abilities. Environment provides the necessary input and experimental base for intellectual development of child. Environment or deficiency of environment would produce diffrence in his abilities.
- 9. The prenatal stageis the period from conception to birth, during which the fertilized egg develops into a human being. The prenatal stage is the period from conception to birth, during which the fertilized egg develops into a human being. Rapid development takes place in major organs and brain cells. If error takes place during this period, the effects are nearly irreversible or are very difficult to correct.
- 10. THE MAJOR PRENATALENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES THE MAJOR PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES THE MAJOR PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES 1. Nutritional status of mother: Undernourished mother may deliver Undernourished mother may deliver Undernourished mother may deliver underweight and more susceptible to disease. underweight and more susceptible to disease. underweight and more susceptible to disease. 2. Emotional status of mother: 2. Emotional status of mother: Anxious and tense mother are likely to Anxious and tense mother are likely to Anxious and tense mother are likely to deliver infants who would be irritable and deliver infants who would be irritable and deliver infants who would be irritable and show problems in sleeping and eating. show problems in sleeping and eating. show problems in sleeping and eating. Maternal disease may produce permanent Maternal disease may produce permanent Maternal disease may produce permanent adverse effects on the baby. adverse effects on the baby. adverse effects on the baby. 4. Substance abuse by mother: 4. Substance abuse by mother: Drugs taken by mothers may develop fetal Drugs taken by mothers may develop fetal Drugs taken by mothers may develop fetal alcohol syndrome, regarded physical and alcohol syndrome, regarded physical and alcohol syndrome, regarded physical and mental growth. mental growth. mental growth. 5. Birth complications: 5. Birth complications: If child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time of If child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time of If child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time of birth, child may be born with intellectual disability birth, child may be born with intellectual disability birth, child may be born with intellectual disability disorder. disorder. disorder.
- 11. 4. Home environment 4.Home environment 4. Home environment The home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactions The home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactions The home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactions among family members that influence a child's development. among family members that influence a child's development. among family members that influence a child's development. Home is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial role Home is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial role Home is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial role in early years of development. in early years of development. in early years of development. Types of home environment and there effect :- 1. Supportive home environment - warm and encouraging, Forsters exploration, curiosity & self-reliance, Leads to higher intellectual communication in childrens. 2. Unsupportive home environment - punitive and rejecting, extremely authoritarian with rigid rules, leads to lower intellectual communication in childrens.
- 12. 5. PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION 5.PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION 5. PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION
- 13. 6. SOCIAL &ENVIRONMENTAL 6. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL 6. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL DEPRIVATION DEPRIVATION DEPRIVATION If the environmental opportunities and stimulations are low children show poor cognitive performance. If the environmental opportunities and stimulations are low children show poor cognitive performance. Social observational learning is an important factor to build personality and cognition of child. Social observational learning is an important factor to build personality and cognition of child.
- 14. 7. SOCIO ECONOMICSTATUS 7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS 7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
- 15. 8. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 8.PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Healthy body gives healthy mind. Healthy body gives healthy mind. The biological processes within the body provides a necessary but not sufficient condition for intellectual development. The biological processes within the body provides a necessary but not sufficient condition for intellectual development. Poor health and suspectibility to disease would retard the growth of brain cells and consequently thantellectual skills. Poor health and suspectibility to disease would retard the growth of brain cells and consequently thantellectual skills.
- 16. Intelligence is influencedby hereditary and environmental factors Environmental factors include parental, prenatal, home, social, socioeconomic, and physiological conditions. Nurturing environment and positive interactions foster healthy cognitive growth. Deprivation and neglect hinder intellectual development. Understanding the interplay between factors promotes optimal cognitive development. Intelligence is influenced by hereditary and environmental factors Environmental factors include parental, prenatal, home, social, socioeconomic, and physiological conditions. Nurturing environment and positive interactions foster healthy cognitive growth. Deprivation and neglect hinder intellectual development. Understanding the interplay between factors promotes optimal cognitive development. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION CONCLUSION
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