Cognitive development refers to the construction of thought processes from childhood through adulthood as influenced by both genetics and experiences. Jean Piaget's theory proposes four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (birth to age 2), preoperational (ages 2 to 7), concrete operational (ages 7 to 11), and formal operational (ages 11 to adulthood). Key aspects of cognitive development include language development, logic/reasoning, memory, attention, flexibility, evaluation skills, comparison ability, and critical thinking.

1. COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMEN
TIN PSYCHOLOGY

2. COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive development is the construction of thought
processes, including remembering, problem solving and
decision making from childhood through adolescence to
adulthood.
It refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gains
understanding of his/her world through the interaction of
genetic and learned factors.
Everyday experiences can impact a child’s cognitive
development.

3. Cognitive development provides children with the means
of paying attention to thinking about the world around
them.
Piaget forming his’Theory of Cognitive Development’,
proposed four stages of Cognitive development;
1) Sensorimotor stage
2) Pre-operational stage
3) Concrete operational stage
4) Formal operational stage
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

4. 1) SENSORIMOTOR
STAGE (INFANCY)
Sensorimotor stage lasts from birth to two years old.
In this stage behaviour lack a sense of thought and logic.
Behaviours gradually move from acting upon inherited
reflexes to interacting with the environment with a goal in
mind and being able to represent the external world at the
end.
In this stage the child gains the ability to mentally
represent reality.

5. 2) PRE-OPERATIONAL
STAGE (EARLY CHILDHOOD)
Pre-operational stage lasts from 2 years of age until the
age of 6 or 7.
In this stage, there should be an ability to comprehend
that another individual may have different emotional
responses to similar experiences.

6. 3) CONCRETE
OPERATIONAL STAGE
(EARLY ADOLESCENCE)Concrete operational stage lasts from 6 or 7 years until
about 12 or 13.
In this stage, the child’s cognitive structures can be
characterized by reality.
One of the best known achievements of this stage is the
development in conversations.

7. 4) FORMAL OPERATIONAL
STAGE (ADOLESCENCE AND
ADULTHOOD)Formal operational stage lasts from 12 or 13 until
adulthood.
In this stage, the child advances from logical reasoning
with concrete examples to abstract ones.
In this stage, adolescence are also able to view themselves
in the future and can picture the ideal life they would like
to pursue.

8. ROLE OF LANGUAGE IN
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT Language is considered as an indicator of Cognitive development.
 The developmental stages of language are;
1. 6 months. : babbling, all sounds.
2. 9 months. : narrowing of sounds.
3. 11 months : first words.
4. 18 months. :two word combinations.
5. 2-3 years :word order, inflections.
6. 4-5 years :nearly complex syntax.
7. 5-7 years. : complex production.
8. 9 years. :understands all forms.
9. 11-13 years :final shift in complexity.

9. SKILLS UNDER COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Logic and reasoning
Memmory
Attention
Control
Flexibility, ability to adapt
Evaluation and analysing skills
Ability to make comparison
Critical thinking

10. CONCLUSION
 The growth and development of the mental abilities and
capacities which helps an individual to adjust his behaviour to
the ever changing environmental conditions is referred to as
cognitive development.
 The process of the mental growth and development is
responsible for the development of an individual’s all cognitive,
mental or intellectual abilities.
 These abilities are interrelated and never develop in
isolation.So cognitive development of an individual at any
stage of his development includes the overall development of
these abilities.

11. THANK YOU