This document discusses gender-fair language and addresses various violations that undermine it, such as sexist language, the invisibilization and trivialization of women, fostering unequal gender relations through language, gender polarization of adjectives, and hidden assumptions. It also discusses stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and the importance of freedom and equality for all as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Finally, it addresses topics related to gender and media such as media representation, depictions of women in art, advertising, film, and stereotypes in the media and LGBTQ+ representation. Reclaiming media through empowerment and alternative perspectives is suggested.

1. Arellano | Lico | Managing | Mangasar | Pacilan | Valdez
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE IN
GENDER AND
SEXUALITY
Module
Group

2. GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE:
STEREOTYPE, PREJUDICE
AND DISCRIMINATION
LESSON 1

3. Gender Fair Language
Gender Fair Language is the use of
language that does not devalue the
members of other sex. A language is a
potent tool for how humans understand
and participate in the world.

4. Here you could give a brief description of
the topic you want to talk about. For
example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you could say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
INTRODUCTION

5. Here you could give a brief description of
the topic you want to talk about. For
example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you could say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
INTRODUCTION
VIOLATIONS OF GENDER –
FAIR LANGUAGE

6. Sexist Language
A It is a tool that reinforces unequal
gender relations through sex-role
stereotypes, micro-aggressions, and
sexual harassment

7. Invisibilization of
Women
B The invisibilization of women is rooted in
the assumption that men are dominant
and are the norm of the fullness of
humanity, and women do not exist.

8. Trivialization of
Women
C Bringing attention to the gender of a
person, if that person is a woman, the
perception of woman as immature and
objectifying women.

9. Fostering unequal
gender relations
D Language that lacks parallelism fosters
unequal gender relations.

10. Gender polarization of words
in use of adjectives
E The used of parallel adjectives to show
the difference in perception regarding
men and women. This polarization
adjectives shows how perception does
change how one seed certain acts,
depending on who performs them.

11. Here you could give a brief description of
the topic you want to talk about. For
example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you could say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
INTRODUCTION

12. Hidden Assumptions
F Hidden assumption in sentences can
also be form of microaggression if the
underlying perceptions are sexist and
degrading.

13. S T E R E O T Y P E S
Stereotypes are an “overgeneralized belief about a
particular group or class of people.” A stereotype can
be categorized as “explicit,” meaning the person is
aware that they have these thoughts towards a group
of people, and they can say it out loud. It can also be
“implicit,” wherein a person does not know if they have
these stereotypes since it lies in their sub-conscious.

14. P R E J U D I C E
It is the reflection of our emotional reaction upon learning
someone's particular category, such as age, skin, ethnicity,
nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, etc. This negative
(prejudice) attitude can be harmful because it often leads to
contrary acts and behaviors

15. D I S C R I M I N A T I O N
Discrimination
means an act or
attitudes against a
person or a group
of individuals.

16. F R E E D O M A N D E Q U A L I T Y
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that “all
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” This declaration
was drafted by member countries of the United Nations, including the
Philippines, in 1948. This monumental document outlines the fundamental rights
of every human being that should be protected by everyone at all times.
Accepting diversity of the human race is key to making a safer and more
inclusive environment for everyone, regardless of race, sex, religion, sexuality,
gender, or creed.

17. GENDER AND
MEDIA
LESSON 2

18. Media
Representation
How the media presents or frames “aspects
of society such as gender, age, or
ethnicity.’’ It is important because it shapes
audiences' knowledge and understanding
and will contribute to their ideas and
attitudes.

19. Women in
Western Art
The idea of women and representation
started with women's role in Western art.
While women of previous centuries did not
actively play a role in the art industry as
painters, they did become the “muse or
subject of various art forms.

20. The painting The Judgement of Paris by Paul
Rubens presents a strong starting point for the
study of women in Western art. It depicts a scene
from Greek mythology in which the most beautiful
man, Paris, was made to choose the most
beautiful goddess among Aphrodite, Hera, and
Athena.

21. Olympia by Edouard Manet shows a self-possessed
prostitute frankly displaying her body and person.

22. Le Dejeuner sur l’herbe by Edouard Manet presents
a nude woman, painted candidly in her non-
idealized body, sitting bored between two dressed
men while presenting her sexuality without
idealization.

23. The insight about the display of the female
nude is real not only for art but for every
medium where women are displayed.
Women are often presented as sex objects in
advertisements, even for products that have
nothing to do with their sexuality or their
bodies. Cars, alcoholic, beverages,
cigarettes, vacations spots, and sports
feature women in some degree of undress.
Women in
Advertising

24. Women in
Film and the
Film Industry According to a report by the Center for the Study of
Women in Television ad Film, only 33% of speaking
roles and 34% of identifiable leading characters in
Hollywood films were played by men. Moreover, only
22% of leading roles in the top-grossing films of 2015
were women. Many studies about Hollywood and
gender show that men dominate the film industry.
Male directors, writers, and producers make movies
whose leading characters are men and whose stories
are those that interest men.

25. Women and
Sexualization Media has a way of defining the way a person
perceived reality and oneself. Even men and boys,
when exposed to the idea that a woman’s
fulfillment is to be desired and owned by men,
would treat women accordingly. If a woman is
dependent on men for her sustenance, self -worth,
and meaning, then she is viewed as an object that
does not have her own dignity and worth. Men
would see women as objects that only exist to serve
men's needs; this is the root of much gender-based
violence.

26. Media
Stereotype Media stereotypes “are simplified
representations of a person, group of people or
a place, through basic or obvious
characteristics -which are often exaggerated.’’
The LGBT community is highly misrepresented in
the Philippine media. There are many
stereotypes of the LGBT in the media, and most
are not flattering. Often they are used as comic
relief in their portrayal of the loud and boisterous
“bakla”, the straight male who acts like a
“bakla” with exaggerated gestures, the sex-
deprived muscular male homosexual, or the
awkward “tomboy” who eventually feminine
woman after meeting the man of her dreams.

27. Media
Stereotype
In the Philippines, there is a lack of awareness
on SOGIE among media practitioners as they
are left confused about the LGBT terms and
labels. Most news from the LGBT community is
often on coming out stories of celebrities (Aiza
Siguerra, Jake Zyrus (Charice Pempengco),
and Rosana Roses), Pride March events, hate
crimes, and controversies.

28. Media
Stereotype There are landmark TV shows about the
LGBT community, such as My Husband’s
Lover (2013) and The Rich Man’s Daughter
(2015). There are also a handful of LGBT
themed movies that featured the different
aspects of the LGBT person from the
realization of their sexual orientation, their
coming out, to their acceptance in their
families and communities.

29. Here you could give a brief description of
the topic you want to talk about. For
example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you could say that it’s the
smallest planet in the entire Solar System
LGBTQ+ themed Filipino Movies
LGBTQ+
themed Filipino
Movies

30. Reclaiming
the Media It is necessary to offer alternative visions of
womanhood to the public for their own reflection. To
break the monopoly of the media by companies that
present sexualized, objectified women as products, it is
necessary to support campaigns with alternative
perspectives on womanhood.
Empowerment seems to be the way to
forward. Women should be empowered so that they will
be able to tell their own stories. Concretely, equal
access to women to the mechanisms of communal
storytelling and image creation must be provided; in
other words, give more women access to mass media.