The document summarizes several theories about why we dream and presents the author's own theory. The main theories discussed are: wish fulfillment, information processing, psychological function, activation synthesis, and cognitive development. The author's own theory is that dreams fulfill our motivation to achieve life goals. Dreams allow us to experience achieving goals and help alleviate stress and develop strategies to achieve goals in reality.
1) Dreamwork is a structured process where a dream is shared and its meaning is gradually uncovered by asking questions about the images, emotions, and details in the dream.
2) Each person's dreams have unique and personal meanings that depend on their ongoing life situation, so any symbol can have different interpretations depending on the individual dreamer.
3) Experts disagree on whether dreams are random or if our brains are working through unconscious issues while we sleep, but many believe that problem-solving and insight can occur through dreams.
Dreams occur during REM sleep and can reflect our unconscious thoughts and concerns. While the exact purpose of dreaming is unknown, deprivation of REM sleep has been shown to have negative mental and physical effects. Daydreams and fantasies allow us to imagine possibilities when awake. Recurring and nightmares may indicate unresolved issues, while lucid dreaming involves realizing one is dreaming.
Dreams likely have no adaptive function or purpose according to current evidence from dream research. While dreams seem meaningful and relate to people's lives, cultures, and preoccupations, systematic studies find little support for theories that dreams serve functions like problem-solving. Some researchers view dreams as essentially meaningless stories our minds generate during sleep for no important reason. However, cultures have developed uses for dreams in areas like healing, prophecy, and psychotherapy. Overall, the evidence suggests dreams are non-essential byproducts of sleep rather than having an inherent biological function.
The document discusses sleep, dreams, and their relationship to the novel "Lathe of Heaven". It notes that sleep involves REM and NREM stages, with dreams only occurring in REM sleep. Dreams are composed of images, thoughts, and feelings experienced while sleeping. One theory is that dreams act as a "mental sandbox" where anything can be imagined without restrictions. In the novel, the protagonist can change reality based on his dreams, giving him a god-like power to create new worlds, which relates to common sci-fi/fantasy themes of manipulating dream worlds and realities.
Dreams are stories and images the mind creates during sleep that can be vivid and meaningful. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood, though theories suggest dreams reflect thoughts and experiences from when awake. Different stages of sleep impact dream vividness and memory. While some view dreams as meaningless, others see them as a window into the subconscious mind and psyche. The scientific study of dreams explores what parts of the brain are active during dreaming and different dream types and meanings.
This document discusses various topics related to dreams including what dreams are, theories about why we dream, the sleep cycle and stages of sleep including REM sleep, the importance of dreaming, daydreams and fantasies, nightmares, and epic dreams. Dreams occur during REM sleep and can last a few minutes to 20 minutes, involving imaginary images, sounds, or sensations that may seem real but did not actually occur. Scientists have various theories about why we dream but none have been proven, and dreaming is thought to be important for brain and emotional health.
Derek Bellamy's undergraduate thesis examines dreams and their connection to the subconscious mind. The thesis discusses the history of dream analysis, including the work of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. It also details the REM sleep cycle and how dreams are a form of communication from the subconscious. Bellamy conducted interviews and surveys to study how people interpret their dreams and whether they view dreams as meaningful. He ultimately argues that dreams provide insight into one's unconscious thoughts and can be used for personal growth if properly analyzed and understood.
Dreams occur during sleep and their exact purpose is unknown. There are several hypotheses about what dreams may represent, including the mind working through emotions, creating new ideas, or preparing for future events. Most dreams occur during REM sleep, when brain activity is high. While dreaming, the body is paralyzed to protect from acting out dreams. Researchers have studied lucid dreaming and dream interpretation but the exact nature and purpose of dreams remains unclear.
1) Dreamwork is a structured process where a dream is shared and its meaning is gradually uncovered by asking questions about the images, emotions, and details in the dream.
2) Each person's dreams have unique and personal meanings that depend on their ongoing life situation, so any symbol can have different interpretations depending on the individual dreamer.
3) Experts disagree on whether dreams are random or if our brains are working through unconscious issues while we sleep, but many believe that problem-solving and insight can occur through dreams.
Dreams occur during REM sleep and can reflect our unconscious thoughts and concerns. While the exact purpose of dreaming is unknown, deprivation of REM sleep has been shown to have negative mental and physical effects. Daydreams and fantasies allow us to imagine possibilities when awake. Recurring and nightmares may indicate unresolved issues, while lucid dreaming involves realizing one is dreaming.
Dreams likely have no adaptive function or purpose according to current evidence from dream research. While dreams seem meaningful and relate to people's lives, cultures, and preoccupations, systematic studies find little support for theories that dreams serve functions like problem-solving. Some researchers view dreams as essentially meaningless stories our minds generate during sleep for no important reason. However, cultures have developed uses for dreams in areas like healing, prophecy, and psychotherapy. Overall, the evidence suggests dreams are non-essential byproducts of sleep rather than having an inherent biological function.
The document discusses sleep, dreams, and their relationship to the novel "Lathe of Heaven". It notes that sleep involves REM and NREM stages, with dreams only occurring in REM sleep. Dreams are composed of images, thoughts, and feelings experienced while sleeping. One theory is that dreams act as a "mental sandbox" where anything can be imagined without restrictions. In the novel, the protagonist can change reality based on his dreams, giving him a god-like power to create new worlds, which relates to common sci-fi/fantasy themes of manipulating dream worlds and realities.
Dreams are stories and images the mind creates during sleep that can be vivid and meaningful. The content and purpose of dreams are not fully understood, though theories suggest dreams reflect thoughts and experiences from when awake. Different stages of sleep impact dream vividness and memory. While some view dreams as meaningless, others see them as a window into the subconscious mind and psyche. The scientific study of dreams explores what parts of the brain are active during dreaming and different dream types and meanings.
This document discusses various topics related to dreams including what dreams are, theories about why we dream, the sleep cycle and stages of sleep including REM sleep, the importance of dreaming, daydreams and fantasies, nightmares, and epic dreams. Dreams occur during REM sleep and can last a few minutes to 20 minutes, involving imaginary images, sounds, or sensations that may seem real but did not actually occur. Scientists have various theories about why we dream but none have been proven, and dreaming is thought to be important for brain and emotional health.
Derek Bellamy's undergraduate thesis examines dreams and their connection to the subconscious mind. The thesis discusses the history of dream analysis, including the work of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. It also details the REM sleep cycle and how dreams are a form of communication from the subconscious. Bellamy conducted interviews and surveys to study how people interpret their dreams and whether they view dreams as meaningful. He ultimately argues that dreams provide insight into one's unconscious thoughts and can be used for personal growth if properly analyzed and understood.
Dreams occur during sleep and their exact purpose is unknown. There are several hypotheses about what dreams may represent, including the mind working through emotions, creating new ideas, or preparing for future events. Most dreams occur during REM sleep, when brain activity is high. While dreaming, the body is paralyzed to protect from acting out dreams. Researchers have studied lucid dreaming and dream interpretation but the exact nature and purpose of dreams remains unclear.
Dreams occur during sleep and involve thoughts, emotions, and images. People spend around two hours dreaming each night, or around six years total over a lifetime. Various theories exist about the purpose and meaning of dreams, such as reflecting repressed emotions or being a result of random brain activity, but their real purpose remains unknown. Dreams are closely associated with human psychology.
The document discusses various theories about dreaming throughout history. It begins with early theories from ancient times that saw dreams as connecting to the supernatural or predicting the future. Freud's theory from the 19th century proposed that dreams fulfill desires by re-experiencing moments. Modern research has led to three main theories: the mental housekeeping theory which sees dreams eliminating unwanted thoughts; the activation synthesis hypothesis which sees dreams building stories from memories; and the dream-soul hypothesis where the soul experiences things during dreams. The document advocates continuing research to better understand dreams and how they could potentially be beneficial.
As dreams are our daily experiences, who is not interested to know how and why dreams occur? We generally think that dreams are recollection of immediate and past experiences, repeating in sleep. Well, it is a very general conception; a more scientific enquiry into the theory of dream is too expedient.
The document discusses various aspects of consciousness, sleep, and dreams. It begins by defining consciousness and describing different levels of consciousness such as waking, subconscious, and unconscious states. It then discusses sleep stages and brain wave patterns associated with each stage. REM sleep is specifically called out as the stage where most vivid dreams occur. The document also covers sleep disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and theories about the purpose and meaning of dreams.
This document summarizes an article about whether sleep learning is real. It discusses that while the brain is active during sleep and plays a role in memory consolidation, most experts believe true learning requires being awake. Some simple information or associations may be absorbed during sleep, but significant learning seems unlikely. The document also provides background on sleep cycles and different types of memory to explain how sleep impacts learning and memory formation.
Example Final Typed Outline for Persuasive Speeches – Speech 1 BetseyCalderon89
Example: Final Typed Outline for Persuasive Speeches – Speech 1
(This is sentence format; your final outline should not be A MANUSCRIPT.)
Speech Title: Dream a little Dream
General Purpose: To Persuade
Specific Purpose: Fill in
Daydreams, Nightmares, and Lucid dreams.
Introduction
I. Attention Getter: (Riddle) As an average person you spend 6 years of your life doing
this. You do this 4 to 7 times in a span of 2 to 3 hours. What am I talking about?
Dreaming of course!
II. Statement of Significance: Dreams consume a sufficient amount of time in our lives,
and in a class this size, imagine how much time that is! Dreams are interesting to
learn about and hopefully I can educate you about dreams.
III. Establish Credibility: I became interested in dreams when I was enrolled in
Psychology 101 in the fall of 2001. Within this section of psychology, I became interested in educating myself about dreams, which included talking to psychology instructors, psychiatrists, and researching the topic.
IV. Preview of Main Points: Dreams consume a sufficient amount of time in a person’s life, and dreams are actually very interesting to learn about. There are seven different types of dreams, but today, I hope to educate my fellow classmates about three of the main types which include: Daydreams, Nightmares, and Lucid Dreams.
Transition: “Excuse me, did you hear a word I just said?” Have any of you ever had this phrase spoken to you...I sure have, when I’m Daydreaming.
Body
I. The Daydream is the first type of dream I will talk about.
A. It is defined as the level of consciousness between sleep and wakefulness where the mind begins to wander. The level of awareness to the world around us decreases and the mind begins to imagine, taking you to a different world.
1. They may occur during class lectures.
2. A person daydreams 70-120 minutes everyday.
Transition: Daydreaming can cause some problems, but the health benefits far outweigh the negative effects. Daydreams can also influence night dreams.
II. The Nightmare is the second type of dream I will talk about.
A. It is defined as a dream that causes a person to wake up frightened or even in a
panic.
Nightmares impact a person and cause a person to remember details.
Some people are more apt to have nightmares more often than others.
.
Transition: Nightmares can be eerie and an uncomfortable, even a frightening experience. Sometimes you need a superhero to help you in a nightmare or dream situation. Sometimes that superhero is you.
III. Lucid Dreams are the third type of dreams I will talk about.
A. A lucid dream occurs when a person realizes during the dream that they are only dreaming.
Some people can stay dreaming instead of waking up.
Lucid dreams can be FUN!
Transition: I’m sure you are wondering right now what I should do next, help me lucid dreams... I should probably end the speech! So let’s review....
Conclusion
Review: All three of these types of dreams: daydreams, nightmare ...
The document discusses learning and using new words. It explains that learning new vocabulary increases ability to understand and communicate ideas in academic settings, everyday life such as purchases, and work. Learning new words helps with reading comprehension and writing in school. Understanding legal terms is important for personal transactions like buying a car. Using words effectively also helps career success and advancement. The document encourages predicting how vocabulary relates to different life contexts and provides examples.
Short Essay On Childhood In Hindi. Online assignment writing service.Dianne Aldrian
Karl Marx believed that true social justice could only be achieved through a classless society without private property or social inequality, and that this required a proletariat revolution and a dictatorship of the proletariat that would establish a socialist mode of production before transitioning to a stateless, classless communist society. He argued that under capitalism the bourgeoisie use the power of the state to oppress the proletariat and maintain an unjust social and economic system, so a socialist revolution was necessary to overthrow the bourgeois state and establish a new proletarian state.
The document summarizes a longitudinal case study report for a PhD thesis on dream formation, function, and interpretation in workplace conflict situations from 2004-2011. It includes chapters on introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, summary, and conclusion. The introduction defines dreams and discusses dream theory and interpretation approaches. It notes dreams are personal and reflect one's concerns. The case study investigated how dreams related to psychological well-being and differences in dream content between normal and clinical groups.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Dreams occur during sleep and involve thoughts, emotions, and images. People spend around two hours dreaming each night, or around six years total over a lifetime. Various theories exist about the purpose and meaning of dreams, such as reflecting repressed emotions or being a result of random brain activity, but their real purpose remains unknown. Dreams are closely associated with human psychology.
The document discusses various theories about dreaming throughout history. It begins with early theories from ancient times that saw dreams as connecting to the supernatural or predicting the future. Freud's theory from the 19th century proposed that dreams fulfill desires by re-experiencing moments. Modern research has led to three main theories: the mental housekeeping theory which sees dreams eliminating unwanted thoughts; the activation synthesis hypothesis which sees dreams building stories from memories; and the dream-soul hypothesis where the soul experiences things during dreams. The document advocates continuing research to better understand dreams and how they could potentially be beneficial.
As dreams are our daily experiences, who is not interested to know how and why dreams occur? We generally think that dreams are recollection of immediate and past experiences, repeating in sleep. Well, it is a very general conception; a more scientific enquiry into the theory of dream is too expedient.
The document discusses various aspects of consciousness, sleep, and dreams. It begins by defining consciousness and describing different levels of consciousness such as waking, subconscious, and unconscious states. It then discusses sleep stages and brain wave patterns associated with each stage. REM sleep is specifically called out as the stage where most vivid dreams occur. The document also covers sleep disorders, the effects of sleep deprivation, and theories about the purpose and meaning of dreams.
This document summarizes an article about whether sleep learning is real. It discusses that while the brain is active during sleep and plays a role in memory consolidation, most experts believe true learning requires being awake. Some simple information or associations may be absorbed during sleep, but significant learning seems unlikely. The document also provides background on sleep cycles and different types of memory to explain how sleep impacts learning and memory formation.
Example Final Typed Outline for Persuasive Speeches – Speech 1 BetseyCalderon89
Example: Final Typed Outline for Persuasive Speeches – Speech 1
(This is sentence format; your final outline should not be A MANUSCRIPT.)
Speech Title: Dream a little Dream
General Purpose: To Persuade
Specific Purpose: Fill in
Daydreams, Nightmares, and Lucid dreams.
Introduction
I. Attention Getter: (Riddle) As an average person you spend 6 years of your life doing
this. You do this 4 to 7 times in a span of 2 to 3 hours. What am I talking about?
Dreaming of course!
II. Statement of Significance: Dreams consume a sufficient amount of time in our lives,
and in a class this size, imagine how much time that is! Dreams are interesting to
learn about and hopefully I can educate you about dreams.
III. Establish Credibility: I became interested in dreams when I was enrolled in
Psychology 101 in the fall of 2001. Within this section of psychology, I became interested in educating myself about dreams, which included talking to psychology instructors, psychiatrists, and researching the topic.
IV. Preview of Main Points: Dreams consume a sufficient amount of time in a person’s life, and dreams are actually very interesting to learn about. There are seven different types of dreams, but today, I hope to educate my fellow classmates about three of the main types which include: Daydreams, Nightmares, and Lucid Dreams.
Transition: “Excuse me, did you hear a word I just said?” Have any of you ever had this phrase spoken to you...I sure have, when I’m Daydreaming.
Body
I. The Daydream is the first type of dream I will talk about.
A. It is defined as the level of consciousness between sleep and wakefulness where the mind begins to wander. The level of awareness to the world around us decreases and the mind begins to imagine, taking you to a different world.
1. They may occur during class lectures.
2. A person daydreams 70-120 minutes everyday.
Transition: Daydreaming can cause some problems, but the health benefits far outweigh the negative effects. Daydreams can also influence night dreams.
II. The Nightmare is the second type of dream I will talk about.
A. It is defined as a dream that causes a person to wake up frightened or even in a
panic.
Nightmares impact a person and cause a person to remember details.
Some people are more apt to have nightmares more often than others.
.
Transition: Nightmares can be eerie and an uncomfortable, even a frightening experience. Sometimes you need a superhero to help you in a nightmare or dream situation. Sometimes that superhero is you.
III. Lucid Dreams are the third type of dreams I will talk about.
A. A lucid dream occurs when a person realizes during the dream that they are only dreaming.
Some people can stay dreaming instead of waking up.
Lucid dreams can be FUN!
Transition: I’m sure you are wondering right now what I should do next, help me lucid dreams... I should probably end the speech! So let’s review....
Conclusion
Review: All three of these types of dreams: daydreams, nightmare ...
The document discusses learning and using new words. It explains that learning new vocabulary increases ability to understand and communicate ideas in academic settings, everyday life such as purchases, and work. Learning new words helps with reading comprehension and writing in school. Understanding legal terms is important for personal transactions like buying a car. Using words effectively also helps career success and advancement. The document encourages predicting how vocabulary relates to different life contexts and provides examples.
Short Essay On Childhood In Hindi. Online assignment writing service.Dianne Aldrian
Karl Marx believed that true social justice could only be achieved through a classless society without private property or social inequality, and that this required a proletariat revolution and a dictatorship of the proletariat that would establish a socialist mode of production before transitioning to a stateless, classless communist society. He argued that under capitalism the bourgeoisie use the power of the state to oppress the proletariat and maintain an unjust social and economic system, so a socialist revolution was necessary to overthrow the bourgeois state and establish a new proletarian state.
The document summarizes a longitudinal case study report for a PhD thesis on dream formation, function, and interpretation in workplace conflict situations from 2004-2011. It includes chapters on introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, summary, and conclusion. The introduction defines dreams and discusses dream theory and interpretation approaches. It notes dreams are personal and reflect one's concerns. The case study investigated how dreams related to psychological well-being and differences in dream content between normal and clinical groups.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
PSY112 Dreams
1. Running Head: DREAMS 1
Dream Analysis Paper
Nathaniel J Borst
Our Lady of Lourdes High School
2. DREAMS 2
Abstract
Dreams are scenarios that our subconscious mind creates. Some dreams may include a negative
event or emotion that evokes some kind of failure. Others may incorporate real world
experiences and possibly contain memories from recent experiences, traumatic events, and also
frequent experiences (Class Lecture Notes). There are five theories as the reason why we dream.
They are to fulfill wishes, process recent information, help with psychological function, aid in
activation synthesis, and for cognitive development. However, my theory as to the reason why
we dream is from the motivation of our life goals and our desire to achieve them.
3. DREAMS 3
Theories as to Why We Dream
There are five theories that were developed that helps to explain the reason as to why we
dream. They are wish fulfillment, information processing, psychological function, activation
synthesis, and cognitive development. The Wish Fulfillment theory suggests that the reason why
we dream is to fulfill wishes that would be considered strange in reality. The information
processing theory suggests that we dream to reorganize information and events from the recent
day. The psychological function theory suggests that REM sleep helps to develop and preserve
the neural pathways. The activation synthesis theory suggests that REM sleep triggers random
visual memories and weave them into stories. And finally the cognitive development theory
states that the content of dreams can determine the knowledge and understanding of an
individual.
The first theory to why we dream is for wish fulfillment. This developed from Freud’s
psychoanalytic theory. Dreams are provided to be a safety net for our unconscious mind which
we express often unfulfilled wishes and needs that otherwise would be considered and strange
and unacceptable in reality (Class Lecture Notes). So because of this, our mind creates made up
scenarios while we sleep so that these wishes and needs are fulfilled without actually showing
them. Also, according to Freud and the wish fulfillment theory, these dreams contain both a
manifest, remembered, and also latent, underlying meaning, content. However, this theory lacks
any scientific support because the fact that dreams does not have a single defined meaning, but
can be defined differently between different people (Class Lecture Notes).
The second theory as to why we dream is information processing. As we learn new
material and skills every day, they begin to become a conglomerate of stuff learned for the day in
our mind. However, according to this theory, when we sleep at the end of a day after learning
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new material, our mind creates dreams to help organize new learned material , organize the day’s
events, and also to consolidate memories so that they would be easier to remember later on if the
information ever needs to be recalled (Class Lecture Notes). However, one question that this
theory does not answer is why do we dream about things that we have not experienced?
The third theory as to why we dream is for psychological function. This theory states that
by being naturally induced to REM sleep, these help to stimulate the brain regularly and help to
develop and preserve the neural pathways (Class Lecture Notes). This theory shows a small
truth, however, it does not explain the reason behind why we experience dreams that we consider
powerful and meaningful.
The fourth theory as to why we dream is called Activation Synthesis, also known as the
Neural Activation Theory. This theory states that when we are in the REM stage of sleep, this
causes random neurons to fire up in our brain (Class Lecture Notes). Because of the random
firing of neurons, this evokes random visual memories that could have been anything that we
have seen or experienced and brings them together to create a story. This is the result from the
fact that the cortex of the brain struggles to understand the reason behind the random stimulation
and manufactures dreams to help make sense of it (Huffman). The fact that the individual’s brain
takes these memories and creates stories out of them tells us something about the dreamer such
as their personality, motivations, life experiences, and memories (Huffman).
The fifth and final theory as to why we dream is called the cognitive development theory.
Within this theory, the content of dreams reflects upon the individual’s mind and their own
understanding (Class Lecture Notes). This theory also can be considered as another type of
information processing. Also, this theory suggests that dreams help us to organize and interpret
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and individual’s own everyday thoughts and experiences. However, this theory does not fully
explain the neuroscience behind dreams.
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One Week Dream Journal
Sunday - March 20, 2016
Dream 1,
I was running away from something in what it looked to be a type or post apocalyptic society or
in a really ravaged area from a catastrophe
Dream 2
I was waiting for a hotel room at a hotel that had a very similar resemblance to a hotel that I
stayed in and I was going through some papers that had people that I knew that did not go our
school
Monday - March 21, 2016
Did not dream
Tuesday – March 22, 2016
Dream 1
I remember I was at a really nice restaurant and was eating a really delicious seafood dish
and ate the whole thing
Dream 2
I was flying on an airplane in first class; however, it looked really futuristic with a
holographic ceiling that would turn into the sky when it was time to sleep.
Wednesday – March 23, 2016
I was in another country that felt hot and was unfamiliar walking around seeing
attractions then suddenly the scenery changed and all around me was a more developed city with
skyscrapers and trees.
Thursday – March 24, 2016
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I was freaking out because I thought I was thirty minutes late for work however after I
arrived I realized I was early and my shift didn’t start until an hour later.
Friday – March 25, 2016
I was riding a cheetah which was also my pet and used him to transport me everywhere. I
recall that his name was Sparky and people were speechless at the fact that I owned a cheetah.
Saturday – March 26, 2016
Did not dream
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In-depth Dream Interpretation
Manifest Content
I was flying on a futuristic aircraft and was sitting in first class. On each end of the
aircraft there was one window seat for each row and in the middle two seats. They looked like
small private suites that you can recline flat to sleep. They were also pinstriped in green LED
lighting. The interior also was somewhat futuristic; a lot of blue and purple lighting filled the
cabin with some hints of green accent lighting. The overhead bins were shaped that showed there
was a lot of room and also like a holographic film over them to turn them invisible and add to the
futuristic look of the cabin. While in the air, the flight attendant was demonstrating really
fascinating features of the aircraft. One of them was that the ceiling was holographic so after she
clicked a button the ceiling became the night sky that we were flying in which the blue lighting
helped to enhance the experience.
Latent Content
I believe this dream shows my desire to be successful later in life and also shows that I
have an innovative personality. I find my desire to be successful later in my life in this dream
from the fact I was flying first class which would mean that I would either be recognized for
something or that later in life I would have a lot of money to be able to afford flying lavishly.
Also flying first class also can signify that I want to work for a well paying company that
involves frequent business trips across the world. Also where in my dream that I tell me that my
personality is innovative is the fact that I was flying on a futuristic aircraft and the interior
looked as if it was many years from now such as holographic ceilings and walls and lighting that
also made the cabin feel technologically advanced.
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Own Theory on Purpose of Dreams
I believe that the purpose of dreams is our desire to achieve goals that we set for
ourselves in life. Life goals are a type of motivation that never diminishes over time and also
pushes us to our full potential. The fact we sometimes can get over obsessed with our life goals
to the point where it becomes the priority over everything. So as a result of this, our mind creates
scenarios that our life goal is the main focus of the dream so it makes us feel like we have
already achieved it but however in reality we have not yet. Also, dreaming about our life goal
helps to alleviate the stresses that we may have about it by creating our own world when we
achieve REM sleep and dream where our life goal is fulfilled. In addition, dreaming about our
life goals also gives our mind a chance to develop new methods to help ourselves to get closer to
achieving our life goals in reality and also to overcome challenges that might hinder or make that
life goal less likely to be achieved.
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Works Cited
Damiano, D. (2016). Lecture on Dreams. Personal Collection of D. Damiano, Our Lady of
Lourdes High School, Poughkeepsie NY.
Huffman, K. (2015). Psychology in action (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing.