This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation (ppt). It recommends: 1. Freely downloading, editing, and modifying the ppt and adding your name. 2. Not worrying about the number of slides, as half are blank except for the title to facilitate active learning sessions. 3. First showing the blank slides, asking students what they know about the topic, then showing the next slide with information. This repeat process reinforces learning. The ppt allows active learning sessions by showing blank slides to prompt student responses before providing information, and can be used for self-study by viewing blanks slides and reading subsequent slides.

1. Tips on using my ppt.
1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your
name etc.
2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the
slides are blanks except for the title.
3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask
students what they already know about ethology of
today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates
aetiologies.
4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions >
show next slide.
5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x
three revisions.
6. Good for self study also. Good for self study also.
Display blank slide> Think what you already know about
this > Read next slide.

2. Introduction

3. Introduction
• The psoas muscle is a retroperitoneal organ
that originates from the lateral borders of
the 12th thoracic to fifth lumbar vertebrae
and inserts on the lesser trochanter of the
femur.

4. Introduction
• The psoas muscle lies in close proximity to
many other organs, including the sigmoid
colon, jejunum, appendix, ureters, aorta,
renal pelvis, pancreas, iliac lymph nodes,
and spine.
• Infections in these organs can contiguously
spread to the psoas muscle.
• The psoas muscle has a rich vascular
supply that is believed to predispose it to
hematogenous spread from sites of occult
infection.

5. Pathophysiology

6. Pathophysiology
• Primary psoas abscess
– intravenous drug users,
– diabetes,
– Immunosupression
– renal failure.
– human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

7. Pathophysiology
• Secondary psoas abscess
– Gastrointestinal
• Diverticulitis, appendicitis, Crohn's disease,
colorectal carcinoma, appendiceal tumor
– Genitourinary
• Urinary tract infection, extracorporeal shock wave
lithotripsy, cancer
– Musculoskeletal
• Vertebral osteomyelitis, lumbar spondylodiskitis,
infectious sacroiliitis, septic arthritis
–

8. Pathophysiology
• Secondary psoas abscess
– Other
• Endocarditis, femoral artery catheterization, infected
abdominal aortic aneurysm, hepatocellular
carcinoma, trauma, intrauterine contraceptive
device, acupuncture, spinal surgery sepsis,
suppurative adenitis, long-term hemodialysis or
peritoneal dialysis

9. Bacteriology

10. Bacteriology
• Primary psoas abscess
– Staphylococcus aureus
– Serratia marcescens,
– Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
– Haemophilus aphrophilus
– Proteus mirabilis.

11. Bacteriology
• Secondary psoas abscess:enteric bacteria
– Escherichia coli
– Streptococcus species
– Enterobacter species
– Salmonella enteritidis
– Methicillin resistant S aureus
– Mycobacterium tuberculosis
– Nontuberculous mycobacteria
• M kansasii
• M xenopi

12. Clinical Features:Symptoms

13. Clinical Features:Symptoms
Nonspecific.
• fever
• flank pain
• abdominal pain
• Limp
• pain sometimes radiates anteriorly to the
hip and thigh.
• Other symptoms are nausea, malaise, and
weight loss.

14. Clinical Features:Signs

15. Clinical Features:Signs
 Posture- supine position, with the knee
moderately flexed and the hip mildly
externally rotated.
 Psoas sign passively extending the thigh of
a patient lying on his side with knees
extended, or asking the patient to actively
flex his thigh at the hip. If abdominal
pain results, it is a "positive psoas sign".
 Tender swelling below inguinal ligament.

16. Diagnostic Studies

17. Diagnostic Studies
• Laboratory Studies
• Imaging Studies

18. Diagnostic Studies
• Laboratory Studies
– Leukocytosis
– elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
– elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
– Pyuria

19. Diagnostic Studies
Imaging Studies
• USG
• CT
• Nuclear scan

20. Management

21. Management
• Appropriate antibiotics, as well as drainage
of the abscess.
• CT-guided percutaneous drainage or
surgical drainage

22. Get this ppt in mobile
1. Download Microsoft
PowerPoint from play
store.
2. Open Google assistant
3. Open Google lens.
4. Scan qr code from
next slide.

25. Get my ppt collection
• https://www.slideshare.net/drpradeeppande/
edit_my_uploads
• https://www.dropbox.com/sh/x600md3cvj8
5woy/AACVMHuQtvHvl_K8ehc3ltkEa?dl
=0
• https://www.facebook.com/doctorpradeeppa
nde/?ref=pages_you_manage