The document proposes protocols for self-organization of wireless sensor networks. It discusses challenges including energy consumption and localized algorithms. It presents SMACS for link layer organization, EAR for mobility management, and SAR for multihop routing. Cooperative signal processing algorithms like SWE and MWE are introduced to reduce data communication costs through local processing. The algorithms aim to address energy efficiency while allowing scalability in wireless sensor networks.
Medium Access Control :-
1.Distributed Operation
2.Synchronization
3.Hidden Terminals
4.Exposed terminals
5.Throughput
6.Access delay
7.Fairness
8.Real-time Traffic support
9.Resource reservation
10.Ability to measure resource availability
11.Capability for power control
Adaptive rate control
Use of directional antennas
Medium Access Control :-
1.Distributed Operation
2.Synchronization
3.Hidden Terminals
4.Exposed terminals
5.Throughput
6.Access delay
7.Fairness
8.Real-time Traffic support
9.Resource reservation
10.Ability to measure resource availability
11.Capability for power control
Adaptive rate control
Use of directional antennas
UNIT IV WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS) AND MAC PROTOCOLS 9 Single node architecture: hardware and software components of a sensor node - WSN Network architecture: typical network architectures-data relaying and aggregation strategies -MAC layer protocols: self-organizing, Hybrid TDMA/FDMA and CSMA based MAC- IEEE 802.15.4.
sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
RADIUS is a protocol for carrying information related to authentication, authorization, and configuration
between a Network Access Server that desires to authenticate its links and a shared Authentication
Server.
RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service.
RADIUS is an AAA protocol for applications such as Network Access or IP Mobility
It works in both situations, Local and Mobile.
It uses Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
(CHAP), or Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) protocols to authenticate users.
It look in text file, LDAP Servers, Database for authentication.
UNIT IV WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS) AND MAC PROTOCOLS 9 Single node architecture: hardware and software components of a sensor node - WSN Network architecture: typical network architectures-data relaying and aggregation strategies -MAC layer protocols: self-organizing, Hybrid TDMA/FDMA and CSMA based MAC- IEEE 802.15.4.
sensors are what we experience the most in our life. they are even working in our body in different aspects. they may be as eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc. when we combine them they make a network. it may be a human sensor network. but i have shared something interesting about wireless sensor networks.
RADIUS is a protocol for carrying information related to authentication, authorization, and configuration
between a Network Access Server that desires to authenticate its links and a shared Authentication
Server.
RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service.
RADIUS is an AAA protocol for applications such as Network Access or IP Mobility
It works in both situations, Local and Mobile.
It uses Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
(CHAP), or Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) protocols to authenticate users.
It look in text file, LDAP Servers, Database for authentication.
Efficient Routing Protocol in the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) by using Gene...IOSR Journals
An Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the
aid of any centralized administration or standard support services. MANET can be defined using unstable
network infrastructure, self-organizing network topology and independent node mobility. This becomes
obtainable due to their routing techniques; in other terms, routing is a backbone for MANET. However, due to
network load routing performance of MANET is degraded thus, some optimization on network routing strategy
is required.
In this paper, we introduce a new technique by using the concept of Genetic algorithm (GA) with
AODV Protocol to make routing decision in computer network.
The goal of this paper is to find the optimal path between the source and destination nodes and increased the
QoS and Throughput. We implemented and compare this a new technique with the traditional AODV, and we
shows that the new technique is better performance than the traditional AODV.
Mobile Relay Configuration in Data-Intensuive Wireless Sensor with Three Rout...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor network are increasingly used in data-intensive applications such as micro-climate monitoring,
precision agriculture and audio/video surveillance. A key challenges faced by data-intensive wsn’s is to transmit
all the data generated with an application’s lifetime to the base station despite the fact that sensor nodes have
limited power supply. We propose using low-cost disposable mobile really and our work in the following
aspects First, it does not require complex motion planning of mobile nodes. Second we integrate the energy
consumption due to both mobility and wireless transmission. Our framework consists of first algorithm
computes an optimal routing tree. The second, we integrate the energy consumption due to both mobility and
wireless transmissions .The second algorithm improves the topology of the routing tree by greedily adding new
nodes. The third algorithm improves the routing tree by relocating its nodes without changing its topology.
Frequently forming a network topology without the use of any existing network infrastructure. We compare the
performance of the three prominent routing protocols for the mobile relay is Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector
(ADVO), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Temporally Ordered Routing Protocols (TORA).
We have chosen four performance metrics such as Average Delay, Packet Delivery Fraction, Routing load and
varying Mobility nodes, simulation for the popular routing protocols AODV, DSDV, and TORA. The
simulation is carried out on NS-2. The performance differentials are analyzed using varying network size and
simulations times. The simulation results confirm that ADVO performs well in terms of Average Delay, Packet
Delivery Fraction. As far as routing load concers TORA performs well.
Improved routing scheme with ACO in WSN in comparison to DSDVijsrd.com
Routing is the process of selecting best paths in a network in terms of energy and distance. In adhoc it is critical to collect the information in an efficient manner as it has limitations in terms of centralized congestion. In such case to perform the effective communication there is the requirement of some such routing approach that can provide the routing with optimized path. In this work, ACO based routing approach is defined to generate the optimized path in comparison to DSDV over the network. The presented approach is implemented in matlab environment and obtained results shows the effective results in terms of optimized path.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists involved in research to publish quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or experimentally proved review work are welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024
Protocols For Self Organisation Of A Wireless Sensor Network
1. PROTOCOLS FOR SELF-ORGANIZATION OF A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Published in “Personal Communications, IEEE, vol 7, no 5, 2000” Presented by Saatviga S.
2. Authors KatayounSohrabi B.S & M.S degrees in Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri, Rolla. Ph.D. University of California, Los Angeles VishalAilawadhi B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering, Ph.D. in electrical engineering, University of California, Los Angeles Jay L. Gao B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering, Ph.D. in electrical engineering, University of California, Los Angeles Gregory J. Pottie B.Sc. in engineering physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. M.Eng. And Ph.D. in electrical engineering from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
3. Road Map Wireless Sensor Network – A General Scenario Design Challenges Involved Related Wireless Network Models The Research Problem Link Layer Issues Mobile MAC Issues Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks Multihop Routing Cooperative Signal Processing Conclusion
4. Wireless Sensor Network – A General Scenario Internet Sink Node Sensor Node Wireless Sensor Network Target User WINS Sensor Node Architecture Processing Event Classification and identification Wireless network interface Signal processing for event detection Sensor Interface Control Actuator
5. Design Challenges Involved Hardware MEMS Sensor Technology Digital Circuit Design & System Integration Designing Low-power RF front-end and circuitry Wireless Networking Robust & Energy-Efficient Communication Channel Access, Routing, Mobility Management Applications Detection, Data Collection & Signal Processing
6. Related Wireless Network Models Mobile Ad hoc Network Mobile Node Wireless link Cellular Network Mobile Cluster Head Stationary Base Station Wired link Wireless link Mobile User
12. Need For Highly Localized And Distributed Algorithms For Data Processing And Networking
13. Link Layer Issues Formation of topology & Channel Access Contention/ Explicit Organization based Channel Access TDMA/FDMA/CDMA schemes Transceivers have to monitor channels at all times Expensive in the context of sensor networks Organized Channel Access Discover neighbors and then assign collision-free channels Hierarchical structure Network-wide Synchronization Centralized / Distributed Channel Assignment
14. Mobile MAC Issues Provides connectivity to mobile sensors as they interact with static networks It has to adhere to the stationary network constraints Mobility Management MANET – Through Mobile Cluster Heads Cellular Network – Hand-off Techniques by Base stations Sensor Networks Consists of mobile nodes and stationary nodes Must focus on energy consumption than anything else What is the Mechanism/Algorithm to handle mobility????
27. Link-layer self-organizing procedure Node B TYPE1 TYPE3 Initial listening time TYPE2 TYPE4 Node C TYPE2 TYPE3 TYPE1 Trans. SLOT Rec. SLOT D and A find each other T frame fx fx Node D Td fx fx Node A Ta fy Node B Tb B and C find each other fy Node C Tc
28. EAR Algorithm A Typical Wireless Sensor Network Attempts to offer continuous service to these mobile nodes under both mobile and stationary constraints. Adheres to mobile nodes’ limited power constraints within the stationary network Mobility Management Stationary sensor Wireless link Mobile sensor
29. Signaling Method Broadcast Invite (BI) Stationary node transmits invitation to surrounding neighbors –Stationary MAC protocol Mobile node extracts SNR, node ID, transmitted power etc and holds it in the registry Mobile Invite (MI) Mobile node responds to BI to request a connection Mobile Response (MR) Stationary node accepts the connection and selects the slots for communication Adds it to the registry Mobile Disconnect (MD) Disconnection of nodes are determined through predefined thresholds Timeouts for limiting errors
30. Routing Multihop Routing AODV (Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector) TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) Power –Aware Routing Algorithm Minimum energy/packet Minimum cost/packet SAR Algorithm Path Selection – Energy Resource, QoS , Priority of Packet Minimizes average weighted QoS metric Focus on High Mobility Focus on Energy Efficiency
31. Cooperative Signal Processing A form of hierarchical information processing where raw sensor data is first collected and processed by individual nodes to generate a parametric or filtered version of the original data, and later gathered at a single location for combined processing. Eliminates the communication cost for relaying the raw data to some entity outside of the sensor network for processing. Adaptive Local Routing Algorithm (SWE, MWE) Coherent and Non-Coherent event-based cooperative signal processing.
32. Noncoherent Cooperative Function Raw data is often parameterized and or highly compressed Data traffic is lower Energy minimization is best achieved by reducing the overhead in the algorithm itself. Communication cost can be significantly reduced
34. SWE Algorithm Routing information & Election information is piggybacked on the Elect message so that a minimum-hop spanning tree can be built from each sensor node to the eventual winner(s) of the election Overhead-Delay Tradeoff By the end of the SWE process, a minimum-hop spanning tree will completely cover the network.
35. ST Algorithm The routing algorithm computes a minimum-hop spanning tree connecting each participating sensor to the winner(s) of the election. No additional complexity is added to the algorithm complexity Ultimately shortens the duration of the entire network routing algorithm Also cuts overhead by compressing election and routing information into a single message.
36. Coherent Cooperative Function Raw data is only mildly filtered before combined processing takes place Data traffic is higher Communication cost associated with relaying long data streams can be prohibitively high because of energy resource limitation Focus is on finding the optimal processing node and the minimum energy routes.
39. At the end of the MWE process, each sensor in the network has a set of minimum energy path to each SN
40. Total energy consumption to upload data from each SN to each node is computedFormation Process for Coherent Routing
41. Test Simulation Implementation The simulation environment models each node as a separate Parsec entity. The functionality of each layer, namely MAC, mobile MAC, and the network layer, is implemented as a function inside the node.
42. Conclusion The algorithms exploit the low mobility and abundant bandwidth, while coping with the severe energy constraint and the requirement for network scalability.
44. Related Wireless Network Models Bluetooth Network Piconet 3 Slave/Slave Bridge Master Slave Master/Slave Bridge Piconet 1 Piconet 2 Home RF
Editor's Notes
Each sensor will have a registry designed to hold the information regarding the best candidate(s) it knows.In the beginning, each sensor will initialize the registry with its own ID and election metric and multicast this information to all neighbors in the cooperative group.In response to an incoming Elect message, each node will comparing the proposed candidate(s) with those in its own registrywhen better candidates are found, the registry will be updated and all 1-hop neighbors belonging to the cooperative group will be notified. Each Elect message sent may spawn further exchange of Elect message as each sensor continue to compare candidates and update its own registryMessage exchange will eventually terminate when all sensors choose the same winner(s).
Since the energy cost of uploading long data stream to the central node is high, a Multi-Winner Election(MWE) process is used to limit the number of sensor source nodes (SN) that will provide the data.Instead of keeping record of one best candidate,each node will now keep up to n of them. Just as in the non-coherent case, for each winning SN candidate,a minimum-energy path can be computed by piggybacking link power information on the Elect messages.At the end of the MWE process, each sensor in the network has a set of minimum energy path to each SN.Then the total energy consumption to upload data from each SN to each node in the local network can becomputed.