1) Researchers at Penn State used stem cells and a modified Wnt signaling pathway to generate epicardium and endocardium cells, which could help regenerate the layers of the human heart and improve quality of life for heart attack patients.
2) A rare and severe form of encephalitis called anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis attacks NMDA receptors in the brain; a new treatment using the drug Bortezomib was found to successfully reduce antibodies and symptoms by inhibiting proteasomes.
3) Advances in regenerating heart cells and treating difficult diseases bring hope and move humanity forward as medical solutions are found for problems that were previously intractable.
Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
Pathophysiology of TBI is complex and consists of acute and delayed injury. In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. In the delayed phase, “toxins” released from damaged cells set off cascades in neighboring cells eventually leading to exacerbation of primary injury. As researches further explore pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition, numerous potential therapeutic strategies, especially those involving stem cells, are emerging to improve recovery and possibly reverse damage. In addition to elucidating the most recent advances in the understanding of TBI pathophysiology, this review explores two primary pathways currently under investigation and are thought to yield the most viable therapeutic approach for treatment of TBI: manipulation of endogenous neural cell response and administration of exogenous stem cell therapy.
Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material in the nucleus, in the other side, prokaryotes have it dispersed in the cytoplasm.
From this DNA will be synthesized RNA, which will act as an intermediary, carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm to carry out protein synthesis.
genetic code consists of 64 triplets (codons) of nucleotides, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino-acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
The study of the genetic code, allow s us identify mutations in specific genes, to detect diseases or predispositions to some pathologies such as those proposed by the articles, and with tan information, implement a PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Knowing the sequence of genes that cause certain genetic diseases, is essential for GENE THERAPY branch. In brief it consist in introduce a correct copy of the defective gene that was visualized into the cells, by some vectors, previously studied.
With the knowledge of genetic information, can be provided counseling before and after pregnancy to future parents (Give information about the diseases to which it is susceptible and existing treatments), having always instilled an ethical principle: THE HUMAN LIFE RESPECT.
Promote investigation in medicine basic areas, such as cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology, with the aim of implement humanity solutions .
Pathophysiology of TBI is complex and consists of acute and delayed injury. In the acute phase, brain tissue destroyed upon impact includes neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, the latter of which makes up the blood-brain barrier. In the delayed phase, “toxins” released from damaged cells set off cascades in neighboring cells eventually leading to exacerbation of primary injury. As researches further explore pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this debilitating condition, numerous potential therapeutic strategies, especially those involving stem cells, are emerging to improve recovery and possibly reverse damage. In addition to elucidating the most recent advances in the understanding of TBI pathophysiology, this review explores two primary pathways currently under investigation and are thought to yield the most viable therapeutic approach for treatment of TBI: manipulation of endogenous neural cell response and administration of exogenous stem cell therapy.
Open Source Pharma /Genomics and clinical practice / Prof Hosur opensourcepharmafound
Access to Research
Date 11-08-2018
Venue Conference HAll NIAS IISc campus
Conference and workshops for clinical practitioners to introduce them to modern tools and an alternative approach to modern scientific research.
Purpose
1. Build a network of physicians across the country
2 Train physicians to analyse clinical data and restructure it to make it compatible with research standards
3. Introduce modern tools to understand the mechanism of actions of medicine
4. Introduce artificial intelligence and machine learning to clinical practitioners to support decision-making processes
Access to Science
Clinical experience and traditional knowledge are important sources of data that affect decision making processes in modern healthcare systems. This data should be made accessible for scientific evaluation and validation to improve healthcare worldwide. The Open Source Pharma Foundation believes that clinical practitioners from various disciplines should have the right to access research so that they can help identify problems, contribute their scientific knowledge, and support the discovery ecosystem.
Background
The majority of medical practitioners working on the ground level with patients do not take part in open clinical research worldwide. However, the data collected and owned by them plays an important role in establishing better discovery pathways. Through this workshop, we seek to open opportunities to enhance health care systems around the world and to overcome the following challenges faced by medical practitioners.
1. Regulatory limitations
2. Academic limitations
3. Time constraints
4. Lack of access to modern tools
5. Lack of access to research facilities
Microglia-Derived ExosomalmicroRNA-151-3p enhances functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/ CDK1 Signaling Pathway
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects covering Stem cell research that focuses on stem cells, which have a capacity to regenerate and develop into other types of cells namely, like kidney cells, liver cells, heart cells, etc. These circulate and function to replace dysfunctional cells, naturally maintaining optimal health. The Journal encourages all the current medical research that is focused on two particular types of stem cells -- adult and embryonic stem cells that are used in various stem cell therapies against many dreadful diseases.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and medicine with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of Stem Cells and Cell-Based Therapies.
Open Source Pharma /Genomics and clinical practice / Prof Hosur opensourcepharmafound
Access to Research
Date 11-08-2018
Venue Conference HAll NIAS IISc campus
Conference and workshops for clinical practitioners to introduce them to modern tools and an alternative approach to modern scientific research.
Purpose
1. Build a network of physicians across the country
2 Train physicians to analyse clinical data and restructure it to make it compatible with research standards
3. Introduce modern tools to understand the mechanism of actions of medicine
4. Introduce artificial intelligence and machine learning to clinical practitioners to support decision-making processes
Access to Science
Clinical experience and traditional knowledge are important sources of data that affect decision making processes in modern healthcare systems. This data should be made accessible for scientific evaluation and validation to improve healthcare worldwide. The Open Source Pharma Foundation believes that clinical practitioners from various disciplines should have the right to access research so that they can help identify problems, contribute their scientific knowledge, and support the discovery ecosystem.
Background
The majority of medical practitioners working on the ground level with patients do not take part in open clinical research worldwide. However, the data collected and owned by them plays an important role in establishing better discovery pathways. Through this workshop, we seek to open opportunities to enhance health care systems around the world and to overcome the following challenges faced by medical practitioners.
1. Regulatory limitations
2. Academic limitations
3. Time constraints
4. Lack of access to modern tools
5. Lack of access to research facilities
Microglia-Derived ExosomalmicroRNA-151-3p enhances functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury by attenuating Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating the p53/p21/ CDK1 Signaling Pathway
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects covering Stem cell research that focuses on stem cells, which have a capacity to regenerate and develop into other types of cells namely, like kidney cells, liver cells, heart cells, etc. These circulate and function to replace dysfunctional cells, naturally maintaining optimal health. The Journal encourages all the current medical research that is focused on two particular types of stem cells -- adult and embryonic stem cells that are used in various stem cell therapies against many dreadful diseases.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and medicine with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of Stem Cells and Cell-Based Therapies.
Produksi alat peraga paud tk,alat peraga paud ,JUKNIS BOP PAUD 2017, APE BOP ...asaka pedia
ASAKA TOYS Merupakan Produsen dan Distributor Alat Peraga Edukatif (APE) , Penyalur Buku Pendidikan,Seminar Pendidikan dan Motivasi. PAUD,TK,SD,Sekolah Menengah Pertama ( SMP) , Sekolah Menengah Atas ( SMA) , Perguruan Tinggi ( PT) dan juga Umum.Untuk pemesanan atau informasi silahkan hubungi alamat kontak kami :
CV.ASAKA PRIMA | DUTA MEDIA GROUP.
PERCETAKAN & DISTRIBUTOR ALAT LAB & PERAGA PENDIDIKAN.
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Biology, genetics, nanotechnology, neuroscience, materials science, biotech, ...Brian Russell
Over the past two years I've done a lot of interesting research which I've decided to aggregate. My research pertains to the following: Biology, Genetics, Nanotechnology, Neuroscience, Materials Science, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, All Things 3-D, Super Computing, Quantum Physics, Energy, Design, & Sustainability.
Intra Cranial Stem Cell Transplant For Npc.Ppt 2Duriya Lakdawala
Finding a treatment for Niemann Pick Type C will provide hope not only to Aaditya Ravi Dasgupta and Tasneem Tankiwala in India but to many others like Addi and Cassi Hempel, Gabrielle Laverde and Peyton and Kayla Hadley in US, Husein Taher in Tanzania, South Africa, Roy Green in UK and so many more kids, teens and adults all over the world and in India that have not been diagnosed yet due to the cost and complexity of the diagnostic process. You can leave a wish for Aaditya (http://addiandcassi.com/guestbook) or for more information go to: www.HopeforAaditya.org
Nowadays there are many investigations based on how proteins work in specific cells, for example, in our heart and brain, helping us to understand their essential function and their importance in life maintenance.
NEWS:
- New research pinpoints crucial protein that keeps heart beating on time (February 20, 2015)
- Study sheds light on a 'guardian' protein of brain function (February 23, 2015)
An Old Gene's New Tricks Prove Surprisingly Diverse And Poly-dipeptides encoded by the C9ORF72 repeats bind nucleoli, impede RNA biogenesis, and kill cells
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
The POPPY STUDY (Preconception to post-partum cardiovascular function in prim...
Proteínas en Medicina
1. Proteins: low profile heroM A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT
2. “Evolution brings human beings.
Human beings, through a long and
painful process, bring humanity.”
– Dan Simmons
Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Penn State. (2017, January 11). Stem
cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human
heart. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
February 25, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170111151837.htm
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
(2017, January 6). New
treatment for a rare form of
encephalitis: Researchers report
success in treating anti-NMDA
r e c e p t o r
encephalitis. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved February 25, 2017
from www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/01/170106130934.htm
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María.
Biología molecular. 8. ed.
Medellín: UPB. Fac. de
Medicina, 2015. 141-145 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proteins: Low
profile hero
M A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT
3. WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly
Cells are the smallest structure to provide life.
For this goal, they need a macromolecule called
proteins to catalyzed and guide the chemical
reactions and processes that should happen in
a correct order inside each cell.
When this harmonious sequences are harmed,
diseases appear. So, research on this
macromolecules are an expected alternative for
treatments in several diseases.
But, how those this happen? DNA is naturally
submitted into a complex process were it is
finally translated into proteins; which lead
scientist to pursued the correct sequence of
DNA so they can achieve an specific
macromolecule and then, help others.
INTRO
DUCTION
NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
4. Cells are the smallest structure to provide life.
For this goal, they need a macromolecule called
proteins to catalyzed and guide the chemical
reactions and processes that should happen in
a correct order inside each cell.
When this harmonious sequences are harmed,
diseases appear. So, research on this
macromolecules are an expected alternative for
treatments in several diseases.
But, how those this happen? DNA is naturally
submitted into a complex process were it is
finally translated into proteins; which lead
scientist to pursued the correct sequence of
DNA so they can achieve an specific
macromolecule and then, help others.
INTRO
DUCTION
N
C O
H
Proteins are composed by amino acids that can
interact one with an other.
This means they are composed of the following
Also, this characteristics allow them to be
Antibodies
Enzyme
Messenger
Structural component
Transport
5. Stem cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human heart
Penn State
(2017,January 11)
6. The heart is composed by three
layers:
Epicarduim
Myocardum
Endocardium
This layers have to work together to
keep the heart in function
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly
7. Heart attacks are the result of a
blockage of the blood vessels, which
has the ability to kill cells of the heart.
This happens because these cells
don´t receive the nutrients or the
oxygen that they need to survive.
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly
8. The method by which The
researchers can confirm the correct
transformation of a steam cell is
using a cell reporter that becomes
fluorescent only when this cell
becomes into an epicardium cell
WNT
SIGNALING
PATHWAY CAN
GENERATE
EPICARDIUM
CELLS
Xiaojun Lance Lian is a biomedical
engineering and biology assistant
professor who has been working
and guiding an investigation in
Penn State about how STEMS
CELLS can generate epicardium
and endocardium cells using a
modified Wnt signaling pathway.
But, what is a Wnt signaling pathway and how does
the mechanism generate these cells? “The Wnt
signaling pathway is a group of signal transduction
pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a
cell using cell-surface receptors” explains
scienceDaily in its publication.
The Wnt signaling pathway has to be altered using a
stem cell with an additional information, which can
assure the results will be epicardium cells instead
of myocardium muscle cells, as it normally would
provide.
Student´s observation: Life quality
improvement is the main goal for
Medicine. The patients who have
suffered heart attacks before or are
prone to this, already lost or may lose
lots of cells and this kind of treatments
will provide them a more comfort life
which they would be able to enjoy
properly
9. New treatment for a rare form
of encephalitis
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
(2017,January 6)
10. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
The encephalitis is the
inflammation of the brain,
causing multiple lesions that
manifest with seizure-like
episodes, epilepsy, disorders of
movement and other
neurological symptoms
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.
11. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
NMDA receptors
are needed for multiple
functions because they are
involve in the control of nerve
impulses.
When there is a damage in these
receptors, the patient shows
alterations in trial, memory and
performance of the
autonomous nervous
system
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.
12. NMDA receptor is a protein who has an
important part in the signal
transduction process in the brain.
However, there is a kind of autoimmune
disease which attacks NMDA receptors and
affects the central nervous system, this
disease is called
Student´s observation: New treatments means that
humanity is taking little steps towards the future.
Diseases we were afraid in the past, are now just stories;
and each investigation that is taking place in any corner
of the planet is essential for the future humanity is
building. However, this treatment in particular will bring
joy to lots of patients who never show results in the past
and now they have a new hope for a better life; and this
way the medical field impacts in the present.
ANTI-NMDA
RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS
The modus operandi of an autoimmune
disease consists in the attack of healthy
cells by the body itself. This happens
because of antibodies that don´t recognize
a particular cell, immediately calling it a
stranger and attacks it to protect the body.
Causing the opposite effect: Anti-NMDA
receptor encephalitis, in this case.
Because of this, treatments were
developed to try to eradicate this
antibodies but the results were inefficient.
Fortunately, Dr. Franziska Scheibe and Dr.
Andreas Meisel from the Department of
Neurology and the NeuroCure Cluster of
Excellence, found a new treatment
associated with the use of Bortezomib.
Borzetomib action: this drug can
inhibit proteasomes which can degraded
proteins that regulate cycle’s cell and
growth. Achieving to reduce high levels of
the antibodies causing the disease.
Bortezomib is an inhibitor
of proteases that has the
ability to differentiate and kill
cancer cells without affecting
normal cells. This ability allows to
control the growth cell, avoiding
their division, growth and repair
*NMDA receptors are found in high proportion in the brain.
14. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Heart attacks are a daily
reality in hospitals and health
centres in many countries of
the world. The fact that the
researchers worry about
creating alternatives more
effective for the treatment of a
disease such as this one,
enables you to improve the
conditions of life for the
patients
15. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
“There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of
something tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
The effectiveness of a treatment
can be measured not only in the
pathology it was created for but
in several others. This is the case
of Bortezomib which started as
the treatment of multiple
myelosis, but has demonstrated
positive effects in the treatment of
anti NMDA receptors encephalitis
17. Humanity lacks of hope. Mostly because there
are just a few situations that brings us that
precious feeling; fortunately, this research is
one of those situations. The investigation of
diverse treatments with modified steam cells
for the creation of cardiac cells and drugs
such as Bortezomib for ANTI NMDA RECEPTOR
ENCEPHALITIS, is one step more for bringing
hope in the medical field.
Also, the authors don't stop there. Effectiveness
in treatments for rare diseases is a difficult
possibility to find. This means that the medical
supplies will cover a much larger population.
The fact: after a heart attack, the patient loses
lots of cardiac cells that are vital. But the good
news, that may appear impossible, is that this
research is willing to ERADICATE this problem.
MEDICAL
UTILITY
Heart and brain. Those organs
represent a tremendous
importance for humans; as they
are essential for life and are the
focus of several discussions. This
is why both investigations
attempts to advance in topics
that will aloud physicians to help
a bigger population and so,
achieving a extraordinary
medical utility
18. “There is no medicine like hope, no
incentive so great, and no tonic so
powerful as expectation of something
tomorrow.”
– Orison Swett Marden
19. M A R I A C A M I LA O S P I N A J I M E N E Z
MEDICINE STUDENT
Penn State. (2017, January 11). Stem
cells used to regenerate the
external layer of a human
heart. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
February 25, 2017 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/
2017/01/170111151837.htm
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
(2017, January 6). New
treatment for a rare form of
encephalitis: Researchers report
success in treating anti-NMDA
r e c e p t o r
encephalitis. ScienceDaily.
Retrieved February 25, 2017
from www.sciencedaily.com/
r e l e a s e s /
2017/01/170106130934.htm
MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María.
Biología molecular. 8. ed.
Medellín: UPB. Fac. de
Medicina, 2015. 141-145 p.
BIBLIOGRAPHY