Prostaglandins

1. POSTAGLANDINS
Department of chemistry, University of Rajshahi

2. Definition
Structure
Types
Biosynthesis
Biochemical actions of PGs
Biomedical applications of PGs
Presentation outline

3. Any group of potent hormone like substance that are produced
in various mammalian tissues, are derived from arachidonic
acid, and mediate a wide range of physiological functions,
such as control of blood pressure, concentration of uterine,
smooth muscle, and modulation of inflammation.
Prostaglandins (PG)
Prostaglandins have been found in almost every tissue in humans
and other animals. They are derived enzymatically from the fatty
acid arachidonic acid.
Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid
compounds called eicosanoids.

4. Structure
Prostaglandins are derivatives of a hypothetical 20 carbon
fatty acid namely prostanoic acid, hence known as
prostanoids.

5. General Structure of PGs

6. Prostaglandins are following types:
Types of Prostaglandins
•Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)
•Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and
•Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)
•Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)

7. Types of prostaglandins
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)

8. Types of prostaglandins
Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)

9. Biosynthesis of PGs
Phospholipids
Phospholipase A2
Arachidonic Acid
Cyclooxygenase
PGG2
Peroxidase
PGH2
PGI2
PGF2α
PGE2
TXA2
Reductase
Isomerase
TXA Synthase
PGI2 Synthase

10. Arachidonic acid

11. Biochemical actions of PGs
 Regulation of blood pressure
 Reproduction
 Pain and fever
 Influence on immune system
 Influence on renal functions
 Effects on metabolism

12. Biomedical applications of PGs
 Treatment of Gastric ulcers
 Hypertension
 Thrombosis
 Asthma
 Employed in the medical termination of pregnancy
 Prevention of conception
 Induction of labor
 Controlling fever, pain, migraine

13. Summery
The prostaglandins speak:
Twenty carbon compound are we!
Synthesized from arachidonic acid;
Acts as local hormones in function;
Widely used as therapeutic agents.

14. References
Biochemistry ( 3rd edition ) – U. Satyanarayana
Wikipedia