2 11 800 17600 Subtotal 74400 72400 *2 After the holding period Driver / Supervisor 2 4 800 6400 2 4 800 6400 Cleaning worker 6 4 800 28800 4 4 800 19200 *3 Subtotal 35200 25600 *4 Total 108600 98000 *5 *1: Reduced 2 cleaning workers *2: Reduced 3200 NRs *3: Reduced 9600 NRs *4: Reduced 10600 NRs *5: Total reduction 10600 NRs 26

1. जिल्ला समन्वय सममति
JICA स्वयंसेवक：वािवरण प्रशासन
आचुसी िाकाहासी
2018.04.12
Proposal of appropriate waste management
for the 4th Gulmi Mahotsab success
~ Aiming for Mahotsab satisfying
visitors, shop openers, local residents ~

2. Proposal contents
1. What is necessary to finish
the cleaning work in the
venue before the opening
time in rainy weather?
2. What is necessary to promptly
remove rubbish in the venue
after the end of the holding
period? 2

3. अवस्था – Cleaning system etc.
Environmental
awareness banner
Dust bin
Before the
holding
period
Cleanup activities in the bazaar by local
residents
During the
holding
period
Installation of dust bin: 19 pieces
Installation of environmental awareness
banner: 2 places
Cleaning work staff: 8 people
(6 cleaning workers, 2 drivers /
supervisors)
Cleaning work vehicle: 1 unit
Cleaning time: 6 am - 11 am in the
morning
Working days: 11 days
After the
holding
period
Cleaning work staff: 6 people
(4 cleaning workers, 2 drivers /
supervisors)
Cleaning work vehicle: 1 unit
Cleaning time: 6 am - 5 pm
Working days: 4 days Cleaning work vehicle3

4. Entrance
Restaurant
Snack shop
Music stage
Amusement facility
● Dust bin (provided by the environmental conservation committee )
■ Dust bin (provided by the school)
Environmental awareness banners
Cleaning area
Cleaning area, dust bin and banner position
4

5. • Plastic waste (bag of Chow Chow, bag of chewing
tobacco) was scattered.
• There were many plastic bottles and cardboard waste in
the performer waiting room.
• Dust bin was not full, but there was rubbish near the
dust bin.
• Paper rubbish in the amusement facility tickets was
scattered.
Status during the holding period - Rubbish
In Mahendra school
Near the snack shop
5

6. Status during the holding period - rubbish
• Rubbish on the ticket paper was
scattered near the entrance.
• As a result of instructing the security company to put the
ticket paper in the dust bin, it was improved two days
after the opening.
• Each shop openers gathered rubbish inside the shop and was
discharging near the dust bin.
• Each shop openers had cleaned the aisle in front of own shop.
• The dust bin was full and the rubbish was overflowing.
• Each shop opener throw away the
waste in the shop (plastic packaging,
cardboard, etc.) in the aisle.
• The rubbish was scattered even at the
opening time in rainy.
Near the restaurants
Near the shops Near the entrance
6

7. Status during the holding period - Cleaning work
Two people gathered
scattered rubbish in one
place using a broom.
Cleaning tool
· Bags, brooms, buckets, gloves provided
by committee
· Masks brought by themselves
· Gloves were in short.
Two people put the
rubbish in a bag with a
broom or a bucket by hand.
Two people carried the bag
containing the rubbish to
the truck.
In rainy we can
not use broom,
so we gathered
all scattered
rubbish by
hand.
7

8. Status during the holding period – Human waste treatment
• Visitors · Shop openers: Using the toilet at Mahendra School.
Man: urinate 6, toilet bowl 3, Female: urinate 6, toilet 3
Since the capacity was insufficient, a simple toilet was established outdoors.
• Security company: Use the toilet of the accommodation facility installed on the
stage in the central square, chitti caur,.
• There is no information of the location of the toilet in the venue.
• Toilet cleaning work: cleaning before opening time. After opening, cleaning
according to request.
• School toilet: Human waste had not been shed from the water, so human waste
remained and an bad odor has occurred. Dirt was clogged in the drain.
• Simple toilet: it was only dug a groove in the ground, so human waste remained and
bad odors had occurred.
Installation of a simple toilet outdoors
near the toilet of Mahendra school
The toilets at Mahendra School
8

9. Status after the holding period
• The shop openers left the waste in the venue.
• Plastic and paper waste left in the venue
was scattered around by the wind.
• Bad odors had occurred from food waste,
and flies, wild dogs and others were
gathered.
Rubbish scattered
around by the wind
9
Food waste Gathering wild dogs and others

10. Problems to be solved
• Visitors are expecting Mahotsab to enjoy unusual life different from
everyday life. It is disappointing if the dirty circumstances is spreading at
the venue such as an extension of daily life. A beautiful environment can
produce unusual circumstances unconsciously and can enjoy this
extraordinary with peace of mind. The memories that visitors enjoyed are
left with dirty venues and dirty toilets. Visitors want to make fun memories
beautiful.
• Shop openers want to secure profits. Due to the dirty front of the shop, the
number of customers is reduced, leading to a decrease in sales. Especially,
it has a big influence on restaurants or snack shops. In the situation where
rubbish is scattered even in the rainy weather, preparation for opening a
shop is delayed, so this situation should be improved.
• Plastic, paper and food waste left in the venue after the holding period.
Plastic and paper waste was scattered around by the wind. Bad odors had
occurred from the food waste left, An increase in flies made hygiene worse,
wild dogs made safety worse. Thus Mahotsab had made the local
environment worse. One of the purposes of Mahotsab is the revitalization
of the local area. It is necessary to aim for local residents to be pleased
Mahotsab even after the holing period. 10

11. Direction of solution
Direction of solution
• Finish the cleaning work in the venue before the opening time in rainy day.
• Promptly remove rubbish in the venue after the end of the holding period.
• Secure the necessary amount of toilet and manage hygienically.
Realize Mahotsab expected by visitors, shop openers, guests and local
residents and satisfy them by maintaining a clean and pleasant
environment.
Visitors Enjoy unusual life
Expectations for Mahotsab
Raise profits
Shop
openers
Local
residents
Activate the local
Visitors had to use a dirty venue or
toilet, so were disappointed.
Problems
In rainy day, shops could not start the
work because the venue was dirty.
Rubbish was left in the venue for nearly a
week after the holding period, a bad odor,
rubbish was scattered and annoying.
11

12. Finish the cleaning work in the venue before the opening time in rainy
weather.
• It rained two days early in the morning (around 6 - 8 o'clock) during the
period, cleaning work started after rain fell. While it was not raining we
could collect rubbish with a broom, but in the rain rubbish stuck to the
ground, so we had to pick them all by hand and collect them.
• The collecting work by hand was the most time-consuming task in the
rain.
• The countermeasure is to make a mechanism that does not scatter
rubbish so as not to carry out collecting work by hand which is the most
time consuming task. I organized countermeasures to be taken by
organizer, shop openers and visitors.
Countermeasures
• Preparation of operating system, waste management
rules / facilities by organizer
• Cooperation and instructions for shop openers
• Communication with visitors 12

13. • The organizer set up the environmental act representative.
Roles of the environmental act representative: coordinating plans and
operations that are environmentally conscious in all aspect.
• The organizer prepare waste management rules and establish facilities
necessary for management.
• The organizer explain and instruct concretely operating staff, shop
openers, the environmental conservation committee and stakeholders
on waste management rules and waste reduction measures in the
stakeholders' meeting, Each entity confirm what should do.
• The organizer cooperates with the environmental conservation
committee establish and maintain the collection places, dust bins and
environmental awareness banners.
• The organizer arranges two environmental observers (also concurrently
serving as cleaning workers). Environmental observers patrol the venue
and give the instructions to visitors and shop openers to properly
manage waste.
• The organizer provide appropriate cleaning tools (gloves, masks) to
protect the occupational health of the cleaning workers.
Preparation of operating system, rubbish management rules / facilities
by organizer
13

14. Rubbish management rules(draft)
What each entity should do
Shop openers Dust bin or bags is installed in each shop, rubbish discharged from the shop
is collected in dust bin or gabs, the shop is discharged to the collection
place, penalty provision is set for the shop who violated the rubbish
management rule, appropriate rubbish discharge after holding period
the environmental
conservation
committee
Cleaning time, cleaning area, rubbish collection time, place, segregation
method, sale of resources collected, appropriate rubbish discharge after
holding period
Security company Management of rubbish in living space, collection of ticket paper at
entrance
Music stage affiliated
company
Management of rubbish in the performer waiting room
Entertainment facility
management company
Collection of ticket paper, management of rubbish in living space,
management of lubricating oil and diesel oil,
Collection method
Collection places Establish a collection station in two places and collection aisle so that
rubbish can be easily discharged.
(The establish plan is shown on the next page.)
Collection time The opening time is 10 o'clock in the morning and it takes time to load
rubbish on the truck, so the shop openers the rubbish to the collection
place by 8:30 in the morning.
Segregation method Those that can be collected as resources from the rubbish component
survey are cardboard, paper, plastic bags, glass, cans. They are collected
separately.
14

15. Entrance(visitors)
Restaurant
Snack shop
Amusement facility
Entrance
(cleaning work vehicle)
Establishment of collection station (draft)
Collection aisle
Collection station location Collection station location
15

16. Establishment of collection station (image)
The frame is a steel pipe, the roof and the partition are iron plates like other shops.
ZERO Waste Station
Others Plastics Cardboard Glass / Can
16

17. Cooperation and instructions for shop openers
• The shop openers are responsible for the management of the rubbish discharged from the
shop.
• The shop openers establish dust bin or bag, and gather the rubbish discharged from the
shop in dust bin or bag.
• The shop openers ask visitors to gather rubbish in dust bin or bag.
• The shop openers curry the rubbish discharged from the shop to the collection station.
• The organizer discusses the waste management rules (waste collection location, collection
time, segregation method) and explains to the shop openers the rules. The shop opener
discharges the rubbish according to the waste management rules determined by the
organizer.
• The organizer arranges two environmental observers (also concurrently serving as cleaning
workers). Environmental observers patrol the venue and instruct visitors and shop openers
to properly manage rubbish. The shop openers follow the instructions by environmental
observers.
During this holding period, shop openers of restaurants
gathered rubbish in the restaurant and discharged near the
dust bin, so if the collection station is properly established,
it is possible to manage rubbish from shop by themselves.
17

18. Communication with visitors
Before a
holding
period
• Carry out clean-up activities in the bazaar and the venue. Promote
participation of volunteers such as local residents, students, red cross
junior and scout clubs in the cleaning activities.
• On leaflets it is clearly indicated that this festival aim to reduce the
amount of rubbish generated and maintain a clean venue. It is clearly
stated that this festival ask visitors to bring rubbish home, use waste
station, and forbid littering.
During a
holing
period
• Establish a waste station and operating staff / volunteers urge segregation
of rubbish. (The establish plan is shown on the next page.)
• Establish environmental awareness banners about bring rubbish home,
using waste station and forbidding litter.
• Regular announcement about bring rubbish home etc. by using venue
broadcasting (before start of music stage, after music stage, once every
hour etc.).
• Patrol and instructions by environmental observers,
After a
holding
period
• Carry out clean-up activity in the venue. Promote participation of
volunteers such as local residents, students, red cross junior and scout
clubs in the cleaning activities.
• Open to the public about the content of clean-up activity (cleaning
situation, amount of rubbish collected in the clean-up activity, participating
organization, number of participants etc.) by using mass media, SNS etc.
Reference: Bagwati River Cleaning Campaign in the Kathmandu Valley
URL https://thehimalayantimes.com/tag/bagmati-clean-up-campaign/ 18

19. Entrance(visitors)
Restaurant
Snack shop
Amusement facility
Establishment of waste station etc.(draft)
Establish environmental
awareness banner near
restaurants, snack shops,
because there was much
waste generation.
Establish waste station
It is possible to effectively
announce visitors at the
entrance of the school
Establish environmental awareness
banner in order to notify all visitors.
Dust bin is used only for collecting
ticket paper.
19

20. Establishment of waste station etc.(image)
The framework is steel pipe like other shops
ZERO Waste Station
Operation staff, volunteers such as red cross junior, scout club etc. instruct segregating
collection.
Others Plastics
20

21. Establishment of waste station(case of Japan)
21

22. Establishment of waste station(case of Japan)
22

23. Announcement at the music stage (case in Japan)
23

24. Promptly remove rubbish in the venue after the end of the holding
period.
• The organizer aims to collect all rubbish in the square, chitti caur, by the
second day on the last day of the holding period.
• The organizer discuss with the environmental conservation committee and
set a collection time and a collection deadline on the following day and the
second day on the last day of the holding period.
• Set penalty provisions when waste is discharged past the collection
deadline.
For example, set the collection deadline to 11 o'clock on the second day on the last day, charge
additional fee to collect waste past the collection deadline.
• The organizer instruct the shop openers to discharge waste at the
collection station.
• The organizer will explain the discharging method after the holding period
(rules on collection time, deadline, places, segregation method etc.) to the
shop openers at the time of opening the shop.
• The organizer announces the discharging method to the shop openers on
the last day, the following day and the second day on the last day of the
holding period.
• The organizer arranges environmental observers and instructs shop
openers how to discharge waste.
24

25. Secure the necessary amount of toilet and manage hygienically
• Estimate the number of prospective visitors per day from the number of
visitors per day for the past three occasions. Establish an appropriate
capacity toilet according to the number of expected visitors.
Estimated by the United Nations: A measure of quantity in emergency situations indicated by
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). Select correspondence according to
circumstances
1st : 1 unit per 1 household
2nd : 1 unit per 20 people
3rd : 1 room or 1 excretion area per 100 people
• Establish a water tank so that the toilet user can drain the human waste
with water.
• Establish toilet information board (near the entrance, several places in the
hall)
• Collection of toilet cleaning fee
Cleaning toilet costs expenses such as water usage fee and cleaning work. These expenses are
paid also from the opening fee of shop openers and the admission fee for visitors who did not
use the toilet. Since toilet users are receiving additional services, it is inequitable not to pay
additional costs for this service.
(Reference material at end of document: Polluter-Pays Principle: PPP)
• Arrange one toilet charge collector (concurrently serving as a cleaning
worker) and collect a toilet cleaning fee.
• Arrange one toilet cleaning worker (concurrently serving as a cleaning
worker) and clean the toilet periodically (once a hour as a guide). 25

26. Additional effects
• By collecting at the collection station, it become not necessary to pick up the rubbish scattered
on the ground. As a result, the work volume per person is increased, it can be expected that
reduction of cleaning workers and shortening of work days and reduction of personnel expenses.
• By segregation collecting at the collection station, organizer can sell valuables such as cardboard,
bottles, cans and get cash income. It can be expected that this revenue be supplemented to the
cleaning fee.
Before implementation
(current situation)
After implementation
NoteNum. of
person
Num. of
day
Unit
price *4
Price
Num. of
person
Num. of
day
Unit
price *4
Price
person day
NRs/perso
n/day NRs person day
NRs/perso
n/day NRs
During the
holding period
Driver / Supervisor 2 11 800 17600 2 11 800 17600
Cleaning worker 6 11 800 52800 4 11 800 35200 *1
Environmental observers - - - - 2 11 0 0
*2Toilet charge collector - - - - 1 11 0 0
Toilet cleaning worker - - - - 1 11 0 0
After the
holding period
Driver / Supervisor 2 4 800 6400 2 4 800 6400
Cleaning worker 4 4 800 12800 4 2 800 6400 *3
Total ① 89600 ② 65600
Difference ②-① △24000
* 1 Reduction of cleaning workers is expected due to increase in work volume.
* 2 No additional fee is incurred because the cleaning worker concurrently serve.
* 3 Reduction in working days is expected due to reduction in working time.
* 4 Unit price to workers: About 800 NRs / person / day (600 NRs / person / day, meal fee of about 200 NRs / person / day)
Table Effectiveness of reducing personnel expenses by implementing countermeasures
26

27. What kind of environment do you, visitors,
shop openers, local residents expect for the
4 th Mahotsab. 27

28. Reference
28

29. Polluter-Pays Principle：PPP
• Polluter-Pays Principle：PPP is the idea that a person who is putting out pollutants should
bear the cost to take necessary measures to prevent pollution and restore the
contaminated environment.
• In 1972 OECD (Economic Cooperation and Development Organization) proposed in the
"Guiding Principles on International Economic Aspects of Environmental Policy". The
OECD's PPP was a principle for creating a framework of fair free competition that equalizes
the competing conditions of each country on international trade. Economically, there are
also the following recognition. The cost of internalizing the external diseconomies should
be paid by the cause of the pollution, and it is unfair and inefficient to grant subsidies using
tax even for environmental measures
• It is the "polluter" that pays for the PPP. That is, burden cost is not only for producers, but
also for some of them for consumers. By internalizing costs, high prices are attached to
products and services with remarkable environmental pollution, which will affect
consumer's choice, and society as a whole (producers and consumers) offer
environmentally friendly substitutes.
In this festival, organizers, shop openers, visitors are polluters. The organizer
organizes festivals, inviting shop openers and visitors to create an
environment where rubbish generates. The shops sell foods etc., visitors
purchase these, and discharge containers as rubbish. Therefore, not only
organizers, but also shop openers and visitors are responsible for
environmental pollution due to the discharge of rubbish.
29

30. Rubbish components
All of the place Chewing cigarette bag: It took a while to collect small bags.
In the school Plastic bag (Packaging of Chow Chow): It took time to collect small bags.
PET bottle
PET bottle, Cardboard from performer waiting room
Near the snack
shops and the
amusement
facilities
Dishes (leaves), spoons (plastic), cups (plastic), Ice cream box(paper)
from snack shops
Ticket(paper) from Amusement facility
Near the
restaurants
Food waste, cardboard, glass bottle, can, PET bottle, dishes(leaves)
Near the shops Plastic bag, cardboard, paper (packaging material such as pottery),
plastic packaging (packing of chocolate for prize of lottery shop)
Near the
entrance
Ticket(paper)
In the ticket
counter
Cup (plastic), PET bottle
Street in front
of the square
Plastic bags from street stores 30

31. Plastic bag(Packaging of
Chow Chow )
Dishes (leaves), spoons
(plastic),
Paper box Shoes
Glass bollte
CansIce cream box(paper)
Food waste
Card board
31