The document outlines the pronunciation rules for adding the -(e)s suffix to pluralize nouns and the 3rd person singular present tense form of verbs in English. It explains that the suffix is pronounced /s/ when the word ends in a voiceless consonant, /z/ when the word ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, and /Iz/ when the word ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/. Examples are provided for each rule.

1. Table of English
Consonants
BILABIAL LABIO- DENTAL ALVEOLAR POST- PALATO- PALATAL VELAR GLOTTAL
DENTAL ALVEOLAR ALVEOLAR
Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd Vs Vd
PLOSIVE p b t d k g
AFFRICATE tS dZ
FRICATIVE f v T D s z r S Z h
NASAL m n N
LATERAL l
SEMIVOWEL w j
Vs = Voiceless / Voiced = Vd

2. Pronunciation of the -(e)s of the
plural nouns & the 3rd person
singular of the present simple.
1) /s/
2) /z/
3) /Iz/

3. 1) /s/
• When the word (noun or verb) ends in a
voiceless consonant sound (except in
those cases mentioned in 3) ).
• Cat /k&t/ -------cats /k&ts/ (noun)
• Laugh /lA;f/ ---- laughs /lA;fs/ (verb)
• Cloth /klQT/ -— cloths /klQTs/ (noun)
• Stop /stQp/ —-- stops /stQps/ (verb)

4. 2) /z/
• When the word (noun or verb) ends in a
vowel sound or a voiced consonant sound
(except in those cases mentioned in 3) ).
• Country /kVntrI/ —-- countries /kVntrIz/ (noun)
• Play /pleI/ ——- plays / pleIz/ (noun & verb)
• Hand /h&nd/ —— hands /h&ndz/ (noun)
• Live /lIv/ ——--- lives /lIvz/ (verb)

5. 3) /Iz/
• When the word (noun or verb) ends in one of the
following sounds: /s/, /z/, / /S/, /tS/, /dZ/.
• Place /pleIs/ —- places /pleIsIz/ (noun)
• Buzz /bVz/ —— buzzes /bVzIz/ (verb)
• Wash /wQS/ -— washes /wQSIz/ (verb)
• Watch /wQtS/--—watches /wQtSIz/ (noun & verb)
• Judge /dZVdZ/ — judges /dZVdZIz/ (noun & verb)