William runs into his ex-girlfriend Anna twice in one day. The first time, he is upset after thinking she is gone for good. The second time, he accidentally spills orange juice on her shirt when they literally run into each other on the street. He invites her back to his place to wash her shirt. Martin, William's friend, recounts a questionable story about possibly seeing Ringo Starr in the past.

1. PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY I
FERREYRA CINTIA
2011

2. LANGUAGE SPEECH
WRITING
LINGUISTIC
PHONETICS ALLOPHONES
1. ARTICULATORY
•LEXICON
2. ACOUSTIC
•MORPHOLOGY 3. AUDITORY
•SYNTAX
•SEMANTIC
•PRAGMATIC
1--THE PRODUCTION AND
PHONOLOGY SOUNDS OF SPEECH
PHONEMES 2--DESCRIPTION AND
CLASSIFICATION OF
SPEECH SOUNDS
VOWELS DIPHTHONGS CONSONANTS

3. 1-- THE SPEECH MECHANISM
THE SPEECH APPARATUS
CAVITIES
PHARYNX
ARTICULATORS
LARYNX
TRACHEA
LUNGS
DIAPHRAGM

4. THE LARYNX AND VOCAL FOLDS
/p,f,s/ /h/
/ m, v , z / /
? /

5. THE CAVITIES AND ARTICULATORS
1– NASAL CAVITY
1 2– ORAL CAVITY
3– PHARYNX
5
6 2
7 4 4– TONGUE
5-- PALATE
3 6-- TEETH
7-- LIPS

6. 2– DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH
SOUNDS
VOWEL SOUNDS
SHORT / I,
- PURE {, V, @,
LONG Q, U i:,
/ /
3:, A:,
O:, u: /
i u
: I :
U
O
:
e
3
:
@
V
{ A Q
:

7. EXAMPLES
S FRONT MEDIAL FINAL
/I/ into /Int@/ l.3
minute /mInIt/ /empti/
/e/ empty l.5 l. 1 -------------- felt
/felt/ l. 1 --------------
/{/ anna /{n@/ l. 27 that´s /D{ts/ l.
1 --------------
/V/ up /Vp/ l. 24
suddenly /sVd@nli/ l.7 --------------
/@/ again /@gen/ l. 2
probably /pqQb@bli/ l.1 never /nev@/ l.2
/Q/ orange / QqIndZ/ l.20 coffee
/kQfi/ l.19 -------------
/U/ ---------------------
good / gUd/ l.18 ---------------
/i:/ eat / i: t/ p.7 believe /bIli:v/
l.5
3:/ earth /3:T/ see / si:/
p.3 l.2
person /p3:sn/ l.9
sir /s3:/
/A:/ asked /A:skt/ p.3 l.6 martin
/mA:tIn/ l.6 star /stA:/ l.10
/O:/ all / O:l/ p.10
corner /kO:n@/ l.22 saw /sO:/
/u:/ -------------------- juice /dZu:s/ l.20
l.10
who /hu:/ l. 6

8. DIPHTHONGS
- CENTRING
ENDING IN / @
/
/ I@/
/
e@ /
/U@
/
- CLOSING
ENDING IN / I
/ / eI /
/ aI /
/ OI /
ENDING IN / U /
/@U /
/ aU /

9. EXAMPLES
/I@ / : here´s /hIaz/ l. 3
really /qI@li/ l. 11
/e@/ : hair
/he@q/ l.16
there /De@/
p.6 U@/
/ : sure
/SU@/ l.11
/eI/ : changed /
tSeIndZd/ l. 7
famous / feIm@s/
/aI/
l. 8 : brightly
/bqaItli/
l. 3
/OI/ tried : toilet
/tqaId/
/tOIlet/
l. 27
/@U/ : ago
p.19
/@g@U/
l. 5
/aU/ won´t : shouted
/w@Unt/
/SaUtId/
l. 5 l.
27
down /daUn/
l. 23

10. CONSONANT SOUNDS
VOICED /VOICELESS
vVOICING
BILABIAL/ LABIO-DENTAL/
DENTAL /ALVEOLAR/ POST –
v PLACE OF ARTICULATION ALVEOLAR/ PALATO-
ALVEOLAR/ PALATAL/ VELAR/
GLOTTAL
v MANNER OF ARTICULATION PLOSIVES/ FRICATIVES/
AFFRICATES/ LATERALS/
NASALS/ APPROXIMANTS
v MUSCULAR EFFORT FORTIS/ LENIS

11. PLOSIVE SOUNDS
a.a.
p.a.
a.a. a.a.
Closure stop release Closure stop release
FORTIS/p ,
t ,k /
LENIS /b ,
d , g /

12. / FORTIS – VOICELESS – BILABIAL - PLOSIVE
p
/
Eg. Perhaps /p@h{ps/ l.9 paper /peIp@/ l. 28
: bookshop /bUkSQp/ l.22
/b/ : LENIS – VOICED – BILABIAL - PLOSIVE
Eg. Believe /bIli:v/ l.5 somebody /sVmb@di/ l.6
-----------------
/t/ : FORTIS – VOICELESS – ALVEOLAR – PLOSIVE
Eg.
Turned /t3:nd/ l.22 later /leIt@/ l. 21 left
/left/ l.21
/d/ : LENIS – VOICED – ALVEOLAR - PLOSIVE
Eg. Day /deI/ l. 9 suddenly /sVd@nli/ l. 7 had
/h@d/ l. 12
/k/ : FORTIS – VOICELESS – VELAR - PLOSIVE
Eg. Coffee /kQfi/ l. 3 looked /lUkt/ l. 24 shook
/Suk/ l.19
/g/ : LENIS – VOICED – VELAR - PLOSIVE
Eg, Gone /gQn/ l. 1 again /@gen/ l. 2 bag /b{g/
p.5

13. FRICATIVE SOUNDS
p.a. a.a.
a.a. Approxim. fricton
a.a. Approxim. friction
FORTIS/ f , T
, s , S /
LENIS / v ,
D , z , Z /
/
h

14. / VOICELESS FORTIS LABIO-DENTAL FRICATIVE
f
Eg Felt / felt/ l. 1 coffee /kQfi/ l. 3
/ himself / himself/ l. 2
/ VOICED LENIS LABIO-DENTAL FRICATIVE
v.
Eg Very /veqi/ l.18 never /nev@/ l. 2 live
/ /lIv/ l. 29
/ VOICELESS FORTIS DENTAL FRICATIVE
T
Eg. Thought /TO:t/ l. 2 nothing /nVTIN/
/ l. 29 with /wIT/ l. 16
/ VOICED LENIS DENTAL FRICATIVE
D
Eg. That´s /D{ts/ l. 1 another /@nVD@/ l.
/ 19 with /wID/
/s VOICELESS FORTIS ALVEOLAR FRICATIVE
/
Eg Sorry /sQqi/ l.24 person /p3:sn/ l. 9
face /feIs/ l. 24
/ VOICED LENIS ALVEOLAR FRICATIVE
z
Eg ----------------------- crazy /kqeIzi/ l.20 woman´s
/ /wUm@nz/ l. 24
/ VOICELESS FORTIS PALATO-ALVEOLAR FRICATIVE
S
Eg Shop /SQp/ l. 4 finished /fInISt/ l.
/ 19 wash /wQS/ l. 30
/ VOICED LENIS PALATO-ALVEOLAR FRICATIVE
Z
Eg ---------------------- vision /viZn/

15. AFFRICATE SOUNDS
p.a.
a.a. Closure stop friction
FORTIS /tS
/
LENIS
/dZ /
/ VOICELESS FORTIS PALATO-ALVEOLAR AFFRICATE
tS
Eg. Changed /tSeIndZd/ l.7 watched /wQtSt/
/
p.4 which /wItS/ p. 13
/ VOICED LENIS PALATO ALVEOLAR AFFRICATE
dZ
/ Just /dZVst/
Eg l. 16 suggested /s@dZestId/ l.
18 orange /QqIndZ/ l.20

16. LATERAL SOUNDS
p.
a.
spa a.a spa
ce ce
/ l
/
/ VOICED ALVEOLAR LATERAL
l
/
Eg. Long /lQN/ l.12 beatles /bi:tlz/ l. 10
well /wel/ l. 11

17. NASAL SOUNDS
/m, n
, N /
/ VOICED BILABIAL NASAL
m
/ martin /mA:tIn/
Eg. l. 3 famous /feIm@s/ l. 6
william /wIlj@m/ l. 1
/ VOICED ALVEOLAR NASAL
n
Eg. No /n@U/ l. 7 minutes /mInIts/ l. 21 then
/
/Den/ l. 18
/ VOICED VELAR NASAL
N
Eg
/ ------------------ think /TINk/ l. 11 shining
/SaInIN/ l, 10

18. APPROXIMANT SOUNDS
/j, w,
q /
/ VOICED PALATAL APPROXIMANT
j
/
Eg. You /ju/ l. 5 william /wIlj@m/ l. 1 --
---------------
/ VOICED VELARIZED-BILABIAL APPROXIMANT
w
/
Eg. One /wVn/ l. 9 quite /kwaIt/
l. 12 ------------------
/ VOICED POST-ALVEOLAR APPROXIMANT
q
/
Eg. Really /qI@li/ l. 11 story /stQqi/ l.
18 far away /fA:q @weI/ l. 12

19. Chapter 2 First fiss - last kiss?
1. William felt empty. `That´s it, then. She´s gone. And I´ll probably
2. never see her again,´ he thought to himself.
3. `Here´s your coffee,´ Martin said brightly, as he came back into
4. the shop.
5. `Thanks. You won´t believe who was in here a minute ago.´
6. `Who? Somebody famous?´ Martin asked. Excited.
7. But William suddenly changed his mind. `Oh…er…no…
8. nobody.´
9. `Perhaps one day a famous person will come in!´ said Martin,
10. his eyes shining.. `I saw one of the Beatles once…Ringo Starr.
11. Well, I think it was Ringo Starr. I´m not really sure…he was
12. quite far away. He had long hair and a beard.´
13. `Hmmm…so you think you saw Ringo, but perhaps you
14. didn´t?´
15. `Er…yes, that`s right.´
16. `Maybe it was just a man with long hair and a beard?´
17. `Yes, maybe.´
18. `Not a very good story, then, is it?´ suggested William. He
19. Shooh his head and finish his coffee. `Right…another one?´
20. `Yes. No, let´s go crazy! I´ll have an orange juice.´
21. Five minutes later, William left the café and hurried in back to the
22. bookshop with the orange juice. But as he turned the corner, he
23. walked straight into a woman. The orange juice ran down her shirt.
24. `I´m so sorry…´he looked up at the woman´s face. For the
25. second time that day, it was Anna Scott! `Oh…really, I´m sorry.
26. Here…´
27. `What are you doing? ´Anna shouted angrily, as William tried
28. to clean her shirt with a paper towel.
29. William jumped back. `Nothing, nothing. Listen , I live across
30. the street. You can wash at my house.´

20. / tS{pt@ tu: f3:st kIs lA:st
kIs /
//wIlj@m felt empti/ D{ts It /Den//Si:z
gQn//@nd aIl pqQb@bli
nev@ si: h@q @gen/hi TO:t t@ hImself//
//hI@z j@ kQfi /ma:tIn sed bqaItli/{z hi
keIm b{k Int@
D@ SQp//
//T{Nks//ju w@Unt bIli:v hu w@z In hI@q @
mInIt @g@U//
//hu:/ sVmb@di feIm@s /ma:tIn A:skt
/IksaItId//
//b@t wIlj@m sVd@nli tSeIndZd Its maInd//
@U/3: /n@U/
n@Ub@di//
//p@h{ps wVn deI @ feIm@s p3:sn wIl kVm In/
sed mA:tIn/
hIz aIz SaInIN// aI sO: wVn @v D@ bi:tlz
wVns/ qINg@U stA:q//
wel/aI TINk It w@z qINg@U stA:q//aIm nQt
qI@li SU@ / hi w@z
kwaIt fA:q @weI//hi h@d lQN he@q @nd @
bI@d//
//hm / s@U tou TINk ju sO: qINg@U/ b@t
p@h{ps ju
dIdnt//
// 3: / jes/ meIbi//
//nQt @ veqi gUd stQqi/ Den / Iz It//
s@dZestId wIlj@m// hi
Suk hIz hed @nd fInISt hIz kQfi// qaIt /
@nVD@ wVn //
// jes// n@U / lets g@U kqeIzi// / aIl

21. THANK YOU!