The document discusses consonants in language. It begins by defining a consonant as a sound characterized by constriction or closure in the vocal tract. It notes that the number of consonants in languages is greater than letters in most alphabets, so the International Phonetic Alphabet was developed to represent each possible consonant with a unique symbol. The Latin alphabet used in English has fewer letters than consonant sounds in English, so some letters represent multiple consonants and digraphs like "sh" and "th" are used.

1. A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a constriction
or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. The word consonant comes from
Latin meaning "sounding with" or "sounding together", the idea being presented that it
don't sound on their own, but only occur with a nearby vowel; this conception of
consonants, however, does not reflect a modern linguistic understanding, which defines
them in terms of vocal tract constrictions.
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Since the number of consonants in all the world's languages is much greater than
the number of consonant letters in most alphabets, linguists have devised systems such as
the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique symbol to each possible
consonant. In fact, the Latin alphabet, which is used to write English, has fewer
consonant letters than English has consonant sounds, so some letters represent more than
one consonant, and digraphs like "sh" and "th" are used to represent some sounds. Many
speakers aren't even aware that the "th" sound in "this" is a different sound from the "th"
sound in "thing."

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CONSONANTS /b/, /k/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1.) To Identify consonants /b/, /k/, /d/,/f/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/
2.) To recognize consonants /b/, /k/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/ by means of
examples given.
3.) To test their knowledge and skills regarding the topic by answering the given
Exercises after the lesson.
Ah! I need to know
consonants /b/, /k/, /d/,
/f/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/. I will
study more about it.
Down here are
lessons about it.
Let us study it
one by one.

3. •/b/voiced, bilabial, stop •/k/ voiceless, velar, stop
bend kangaroo
back cat, car
rebel leakage
by café, case
rubber kindness
•/d/ voiced, alveolar, stop. •/f/voiceless, lab-dental, fricative
deny full
raid fan
doe leaf
ladder fool
dine fat
•/g/voiced, velar, stop. •/h/voiceless,bilabial,fricative
give house
grave hot
got ham
graceful hold
glove hard
•/ dʒ / voiced, palatal, affricate
age
ridge
jam
gem

4. adjust
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________
Year/Sec: ____________________________ Rating: ________
CONSONANTS /b/, /k/, /d/, /f/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/
ExErcisE 1
I. Listen and repeat after your teacher the following words.
Pronounce the following words correctly.
/ b/ / k/ / d/
buy mock day
swab freak dare
verb count laid
curbing screen load
bark rock down
/ g/ / h/ /dʒ/
grain hero gentle
glance height tangent
gave hill siege
girl head sponge
garment heart gist
II. Use the above words in constructing a sentence; at least two
words are use.
Example;

5. The girl dares to see a freak.
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CONSONANTS /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /r/
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
3.) To identify consonants /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /r/.
4.) To recognize consonants /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /r/ by means of
Examples given.
3.) To test their knowledge and skills regarding the topic by answering the given
Exercises after the lesson.
Ah! I need to know
consonants /l/, /m/, /n/,
/p/, /s/, /r/.I will study
more about it.

6. Down here are
lessons about it.
Let us study it
one by one.
•/l/ voiced, alveolar, lateral •/m/ voiced, bilabial,nasal
light marble
limb make
like maid
love market
lot miserable
•/n/ voiced, alveolar, nasal •/p/ voiceless, bilabial, stop
night pail
nickel palace
knee pale
nice pump
•/s/ voiceless, bilabial, fricative •/r/ voiced, palatal, glide
telescope rotten
cinema rich
sentence mark
some bring

7. box work
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________
Year/Sec: ____________________________ Rating: ________
CONSONANTS /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /s/, /r/
ExErcisE 2
I. Listen and repeat after your teacher the following words.
Pronounce the following words correctly.
/ l/ / m/ / n/
Lord man nice
look number neck
laugh might nirvana
loose mesh pink
like monk drown
/ p/ / s/ / r/
put saw road
plate sing rich

8. punch sleep river
play slang ranch
II. Use the above words in constructing a sentence; at least two
words are use.
Example
Tom is a nice man.
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CONSONANTS /t/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1.) To identify consonants /t/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/
2.) To recognize consonants /t/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/ by means of Examples
given.
3.) To test their knowledge and skills regarding the topic by answering the given
Exercises after the lesson.
Ah! I need to know
consonants/t/, /v/,
/w/, /y/, /z/. I will study
more about it.

9. Down here are
lessons about it.
Let us study it
one by one.
•/t/ voiceless, alveolar, stop •/v/ voiced, labio-dental, fricative
article vine
continent love
town vase
most wave
desert curve
•/w/ voiceless, bilabial, fricative •/y/ voiced, alveo-palatal, fricative

10. wait yam
wet year
wings yarn
week yoke
woman yatch
•/z/ voiced, alveolar, fricative
zebra
zipper
kiss
keys
zealous
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________
Year/Sec: ____________________________ Rating: ________
CONSONANTS /t/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/
ExErcisE 3
I. Listen and repeat after your teacher the following words.
Pronounce the following words correctly.
/ t/ / v/ / w/

11. trust lover win
ties dove wonder
debt curving well
ten leave walk
let very witch
/ y/ z/
yield theories
yard alcoholism
yak allergies
yoyo friends
yell zoo
II. Use the above words in constructing a sentence; at least two
words are use.
Example:
My friends like to play yoyo.
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12. CONSONANTS /θ/soft -th, /ð/hard-th
/ʍ /wh, /ŋ/ng, /tʃ/ch, /ʃ/sh
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
1.) To identify consonants θ/soft -th, /ð/hard –th, /ʍ /wh, /ŋ/ng, /
tʃ/ch, /ʃ/sh.
3.) To recognize consonants θ/soft -th, /ð/hard –th, /ʍ /wh, /
ŋ/ng, /tʃ/ch, /ʃ/sh by means of Examples given.
3.) To test their knowledge and skills regarding the topic by answering the given
Exercises after the lesson.
Ah! I need to know
consonants/t/, /v/,
/w/, /y/, /z/. I will study
more about it.
Down here are
lessons about it.
Let us study it
one by one.

13. •/ θ /soft th voiceless •/ ð / hard th voiced
lingua-dental, fricative lingua-dental, fricative
thin than
thick that
thief their
Thailand them
Thank then
•/ ʍ / wh voiceless, bilabial, fricative •/ ŋ / ng voiced, velar, nasal
what singer
whether Tong
whack song
whale sang
wharf running
•/ tʃ / ch voiceless, alveo-palatal •/ ʃ / sh voiceless, palatal, fricative
chart fresh
fetch shelther
check shock
chalk shave
champagne shine
Name: _____________________________ Date: _________
Year/Sec: ____________________________ Rating: ________

14. CONSONANTS /θ/soft -th, /ð/hard-th /ʍ/
wh, /ŋ/ng, /tʃ/ch, /ʃ/sh
ExErcisE 4
I. Listen and repeat after your teacher the following words.
Pronounce the following words correctly.
/θ/ soft th /ð/ hard th /ʍ / wh
thin that what
thing than whether
thank their wharf
thick them wham
Thai then whole
/ŋ/ ng /tʃ/ ch /ʃ/ sh
cunning chart flesh
singing cheek shelves
singer charm shoe
thing choke shell
turning chamber fresh
II. Use the above words in constructing a sentence; at least two
words are use.
Example;
The singer uses her charm to attract the audiences.
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