This document summarizes key elements and lessons from case studies on promoting good hygiene practices. It contains three keynote papers and 31 case studies from various organizations working in South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and elsewhere. The case studies are analyzed using the FOAMS framework, which examines how to Focus practices and focus groups, leverage Opportunities in the external environment, build Ability to practice, motivate practice through Motivation, and address issues of Scale. Overall, the document aims to strengthen capacity for designing and delivering effective hygiene promotion programs to improve community health.
Jalaj was impressed by the effective waste recycling system used by his neighbor Neera. After leaving Neera, he contemplated how he could replicate the system in his own environment. With help from friends, Jalaj built a toilet with twin leach pits to tackle solid waste in his own humble environment, replicating the effective waste management system.
This document discusses the promise of the Clean Water Act to make waters fishable and swimmable. It also discusses sustainability paradigms and moving from a technological to ecological approach in areas like wastewater treatment. Natural systems and watershed approaches are highlighted as are constraints like inconsistent regulations. Case studies show the benefits of natural treatment systems and constructed wetlands in providing ecological functions and multiple community benefits.
Indonesia's Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply Toward 2015 & Beyondinfosanitasi
1) Indonesia has made progress toward national targets for water and sanitation access under the MDGs but still faces challenges in reaching universal coverage, improving water quality, and ensuring quality of sanitation facilities.
2) Key strategies toward 2015 include improving coordination among stakeholders, building capacity at community levels through programs like STBM and PPSP, and establishing a national monitoring system to improve data collection.
3) Looking beyond 2015, Indonesia plans to maintain efforts in hygiene promotion and urban sanitation, improve synergies between water and sanitation development, gain more actors through partnerships, and reform policies and financing mechanisms.
Since 1986 the GFSC model has helped communities around the world to strengthen their resilience, move forward after crises and learn that they have unique and valuable characteristics to rely on.
The document discusses the use of social media during disasters. It outlines how Humanity Road volunteers played a key role in communicating information about the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic through social media. The document also discusses how Humanity Road creates crisis maps during disasters to improve situational awareness by synthesizing information from social media platforms. Finally, it provides examples of how crowd-sourced information on crisis maps has helped direct aid and relief efforts during past international disasters and crises.
The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department funds disaster preparedness projects around the world. It has supported initiatives in South Asia, including Nepal, to raise awareness, build capacity for disaster response, and develop local leaders in participatory disaster preparedness. The department works with partners to provide relief supplies and support preparedness activities, especially in areas prone to natural disasters. ActionAid Nepal is implementing a DIPECHO-funded project called "Surakshit Samudaya" across five districts to help communities prepare for, respond to, and mitigate disasters through REFLECT groups, training, small-scale infrastructure, and networking.
Jalaj was impressed by the effective waste recycling system used by his neighbor Neera. After leaving Neera, he contemplated how he could replicate the system in his own environment. With help from friends, Jalaj built a toilet with twin leach pits to tackle solid waste in his own humble environment, replicating the effective waste management system.
This document discusses the promise of the Clean Water Act to make waters fishable and swimmable. It also discusses sustainability paradigms and moving from a technological to ecological approach in areas like wastewater treatment. Natural systems and watershed approaches are highlighted as are constraints like inconsistent regulations. Case studies show the benefits of natural treatment systems and constructed wetlands in providing ecological functions and multiple community benefits.
Indonesia's Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Supply Toward 2015 & Beyondinfosanitasi
1) Indonesia has made progress toward national targets for water and sanitation access under the MDGs but still faces challenges in reaching universal coverage, improving water quality, and ensuring quality of sanitation facilities.
2) Key strategies toward 2015 include improving coordination among stakeholders, building capacity at community levels through programs like STBM and PPSP, and establishing a national monitoring system to improve data collection.
3) Looking beyond 2015, Indonesia plans to maintain efforts in hygiene promotion and urban sanitation, improve synergies between water and sanitation development, gain more actors through partnerships, and reform policies and financing mechanisms.
Since 1986 the GFSC model has helped communities around the world to strengthen their resilience, move forward after crises and learn that they have unique and valuable characteristics to rely on.
The document discusses the use of social media during disasters. It outlines how Humanity Road volunteers played a key role in communicating information about the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic through social media. The document also discusses how Humanity Road creates crisis maps during disasters to improve situational awareness by synthesizing information from social media platforms. Finally, it provides examples of how crowd-sourced information on crisis maps has helped direct aid and relief efforts during past international disasters and crises.
The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department funds disaster preparedness projects around the world. It has supported initiatives in South Asia, including Nepal, to raise awareness, build capacity for disaster response, and develop local leaders in participatory disaster preparedness. The department works with partners to provide relief supplies and support preparedness activities, especially in areas prone to natural disasters. ActionAid Nepal is implementing a DIPECHO-funded project called "Surakshit Samudaya" across five districts to help communities prepare for, respond to, and mitigate disasters through REFLECT groups, training, small-scale infrastructure, and networking.
The Utah County Health Department, Habitat for Humanity Utah County, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality partnered to educate the public about radon gas and encourage testing and mitigation. They provided education and low-cost test kits, installed mitigation systems in new and existing homes, educated realtors and students, and raised public awareness through various outreach activities. Their collaboration helped inform over 700 parents and 628 students about radon risks and the importance of testing homes.
The document discusses the 9Ps that help grow Atwood Community Gardens & Urban Farm. It describes how they use plants from multiple cultures, have had over 900 volunteers, involve students and community in planning, and strengthen partnerships. The community garden promotes engagement, accessibility, comfort, and social interaction. Constant physical maintenance and patience have helped the garden progress since 2011.
1) A study in Turkey found that 50% of earthquake injuries are caused by non-structural factors like falling furniture, which can be prevented through basic preparedness measures in the home.
2) The DIPECHO program in Nepal connects different groups in society to build partnerships and contribute to disaster risk reduction through community preparedness, response, and legal protections.
3) Local knowledge plays an important role in mitigation and preparedness for disasters through practices like storytelling, songs, and traditions passed down over generations.
This document proposes a public works program to address needs in Barguna, Bangladesh after Cyclone Sidr. The program would focus on education/training, housing construction, employment, and disaster preparedness over 5 years with a $20 million budget. Key elements include building 10 school-cum-shelters, 20,000 family houses, land improvements, and training 1,000 workers in employable skills. The goal is to achieve long-term revitalization and security by addressing both individual and societal needs through community involvement and empowerment.
David Robbins has over 27 years of experience in urban sanitation and fecal sludge management. He has worked in 17 countries for organizations such as USAID, SNV, and the Asian Development Bank. Some of his publications include guidance documents on septage management and wastewater system design. Currently he works as an independent consultant managing fecal sludge management programs in several countries in Asia.
WASH Sustainability Charter: Collaborating for Best PracticesGlobalGiving
The WASH Sustainability Charter is a collaboration between corporations, NGOs, and other stakeholders committed to achieving universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The Charter outlines best practices across 5 areas - strategy and planning, governance and accountability, service delivery support, financial management, and reporting and knowledge sharing - to promote sustainable WASH programs. Over 100 organizations have endorsed the Charter, which aims to strengthen collaboration and drive innovation in the WASH sector.
Global Water Challenge (GWC) is a coalition committed to achieving universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). It catalyzes partnerships to fund innovative WASH programs. The WASH Sustainability Charter outlines best practices across strategy, governance, service delivery, finance, and reporting. Over 100 organizations have endorsed the voluntary Charter, which aims to strengthen sustainability across the sector. GWC works to align diverse initiatives and change business as usual through tools like the Charter and by continuing discussions on sustainability.
Vidyanagar Nature Club
Sheltered in a nondescript bylane of one of Gujarat’s many small towns is an organisation that has started a revolution of sorts in the towns bordering it, and slowly but resolutely spreading its message to cities far beyond it, across the length and breadth of India.
Vidyanagar Nature Club (VNC) one of the country’s most active NGOs, is deeply involved in the areas of environment education, awareness and protection. Established in 1988, the organisation is based in the flourishing Anand district.
VNC is a registered public charitable trust and an accredited NGO by Global Environment Facility (GEF) Washington DC, USA. The organisation is a member of SAYEN (South Asia Youth & Environment Network) which is supported by UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) and a special NGO member with Global Environmental Action’s Virtual Globe, Japan. Vidyanagar Nature Club is registered with Japan’s Environmental Educational Forum (JEEF) and Environmental Grant Maker’s Association (EGA).
The document discusses the importance of water conservation and raising awareness about water issues. It describes a program called SWISS that aims to:
1) Educate students about water and the environment through workshops, activities, and competitions.
2) Create an informed group of citizens to promote sustained movement around water issues.
3) Highlight simple ways for students to conserve water like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and watering plants efficiently.
This document provides guidance for trainers on how to train and support community health promoters. It discusses CAWST's approach of using community health promoters and participatory learning tools to promote behavior change around water, sanitation, and hygiene. The document contains sections on the roles of community health promoters and trainers, techniques for behavior change communication, tools for working with households and communities, guidance on planning and implementing training programs, and case studies. The overall aim is to equip trainers with the skills and knowledge to effectively organize, train, and monitor community health promoters to improve health through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.
This document provides guidance for trainers on how to train and support community health promoters. It discusses CAWST's approach of using community health promoters and participatory learning tools to promote behavior change around water, sanitation, and hygiene. The document contains sections on the roles of community health promoters and trainers, techniques for behavior change communication, tools for working with households and communities, guidance on planning and implementing training programs, and case studies. The overall aim is to equip trainers with the skills and knowledge to effectively organize, train, and monitor community health promoters to improve health through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.
WASH United India | Fellowships | Round 2WASH United
The document describes the WASH United India Fellows Program for 2013-2014. It provides information on several fellowship opportunities for filmmakers, photographers, and graphic designers to work on various WASH United projects focused on improving sanitation and hygiene in India. The fellowship would be based in New Delhi and last 3-12 months. Fellows would work on projects like sanitation carnivals, a music initiative called Loo Tunes, using art to promote sanitation, and capturing images and footage for advocacy through a program called Common Light. The fellowship aims to provide high impact work and connect fellows to the social innovation community in Delhi.
Water Education Clean India Roorkee Feb12 [Compatibility Mode]DAcleanindia
CLEAN-India was invited to deliver a presentation on \'Water Education and Capacity Building\' at the National Symposium on Water Resource Management in the Changing Environment at National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee, 9th Feb 2012
Wastewater is a growing health and environmental threat, accounting for almost as many planet warming emissions as the aviation industry. Yet, with the right policies, wastewater could be an invaluable resource, providing alternative energy to half a billion people, supplying over 10 times the water provided by current global desalination capacity and offsetting over 10 per cent of global fertilizer use. More than 10 years have passed since the release of the report 'Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable Development', and despite some progress, significant amounts of wastewater are still being released untreated into the environment with negative repercussions for the environment and human livelihood.
This new report, “Wastewater - Turning problem to solution”, developed jointly by UNEP's Global Wastewater Initiative and GRID-Arendal, urges decision makers and action takers from all regions of the world to implement the three key actions, to overcome barriers, and to put in place the building blocks, described in the publication.
Water For All, through Sustainability in Action, Intel Funding with SCOPE TrichyTanushree Ghosh
This document summarizes a proposed project to develop and distribute a zero-cost water purification solution using solar distillation in plastic bottles. The project would involve collaborations between Intel, AID India, Arizona State University, and local partners in India. It outlines the need for clean drinking water globally and in local communities in India, proposes a solution using repurposed plastic bottles and solar heating, and presents a plan to test, improve, and proliferate the system with the goal of providing clean water access for communities in need.
1) Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water and over 3 billion people do not have adequate sanitation facilities, and this could reach 5.5 billion people in the next 20 years if no action is taken.
2) 30% of common recurrent diseases are related to poor water and sanitation, resulting in 4 million deaths annually, mostly among children under 5 years old.
3) The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is working to increase access to safe water and sanitation through community-based programs, emergency response, and advocating for water and
This document discusses integrated water resource management and watershed management. It notes that watersheds are areas of land that drain to common water bodies, and that all living things within a watershed are interconnected. The document discusses the complexity of creating watershed management plans and some of the issues facing watersheds, such as water-related illnesses, lack of access to sanitation, and lost opportunities for women and children. It argues that sustainable solutions will only arise through collaboration between different stakeholders, and provides examples of partnerships between organizations like PepsiCo, the UN, and The Nature Conservancy to work on integrated water resource management.
This document discusses several organizations working on water access and conservation issues around the world. One Drop is an international non-profit created by Cirque du Soleil that implements various community-based water, sanitation and agriculture projects. M-Paani is a social enterprise that uses a mobile loyalty program to improve access to water, education and healthcare. Water.org works with local partners in various countries to implement water and sanitation projects using participatory approaches. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is a non-profit research organization that focuses on water availability, use, quality and governance through various research themes and programs.
1) The document discusses a presentation given by Sophia Bekele to the Rotary Club of Alamo, California on April 15, 2009 about various projects in Ethiopia including solar cooking efforts, The Hunger Project Ethiopia, and the Jaldu Water Project.
2) The Jaldu Water Project aims to provide safe drinking water to 15 villages with 18,500 people through developing springs, drilling wells, and including cattle troughs and pit latrines.
3) Breaking the poverty, disease, and hunger cycle requires access to sufficient clean water for drinking, cooking, food security, health, and prosperity. Partnership with organizations like The Hunger Project will help ensure water projects are completed on
UNDP (2015) Mt EbA report FINAL2 web vs (041215)Tine Rossing
This document provides an overview of the Global Mountain Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Programme implemented in Nepal, Peru and Uganda from 2014-2017. The programme was led by UNDP, IUCN and UNEP and aimed to build the case for EbA through demonstrating its benefits. Key activities included participatory vulnerability assessments, pilot EbA measures across sectors like water and agriculture, and cost-benefit analyses. Lessons included how EbA secured environmental, social and economic benefits but required long-term planning and addressing non-climatic threats. The document also examines opportunities and challenges for upscaling EbA through policy changes and financing schemes.
The Utah County Health Department, Habitat for Humanity Utah County, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality partnered to educate the public about radon gas and encourage testing and mitigation. They provided education and low-cost test kits, installed mitigation systems in new and existing homes, educated realtors and students, and raised public awareness through various outreach activities. Their collaboration helped inform over 700 parents and 628 students about radon risks and the importance of testing homes.
The document discusses the 9Ps that help grow Atwood Community Gardens & Urban Farm. It describes how they use plants from multiple cultures, have had over 900 volunteers, involve students and community in planning, and strengthen partnerships. The community garden promotes engagement, accessibility, comfort, and social interaction. Constant physical maintenance and patience have helped the garden progress since 2011.
1) A study in Turkey found that 50% of earthquake injuries are caused by non-structural factors like falling furniture, which can be prevented through basic preparedness measures in the home.
2) The DIPECHO program in Nepal connects different groups in society to build partnerships and contribute to disaster risk reduction through community preparedness, response, and legal protections.
3) Local knowledge plays an important role in mitigation and preparedness for disasters through practices like storytelling, songs, and traditions passed down over generations.
This document proposes a public works program to address needs in Barguna, Bangladesh after Cyclone Sidr. The program would focus on education/training, housing construction, employment, and disaster preparedness over 5 years with a $20 million budget. Key elements include building 10 school-cum-shelters, 20,000 family houses, land improvements, and training 1,000 workers in employable skills. The goal is to achieve long-term revitalization and security by addressing both individual and societal needs through community involvement and empowerment.
David Robbins has over 27 years of experience in urban sanitation and fecal sludge management. He has worked in 17 countries for organizations such as USAID, SNV, and the Asian Development Bank. Some of his publications include guidance documents on septage management and wastewater system design. Currently he works as an independent consultant managing fecal sludge management programs in several countries in Asia.
WASH Sustainability Charter: Collaborating for Best PracticesGlobalGiving
The WASH Sustainability Charter is a collaboration between corporations, NGOs, and other stakeholders committed to achieving universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). The Charter outlines best practices across 5 areas - strategy and planning, governance and accountability, service delivery support, financial management, and reporting and knowledge sharing - to promote sustainable WASH programs. Over 100 organizations have endorsed the Charter, which aims to strengthen collaboration and drive innovation in the WASH sector.
Global Water Challenge (GWC) is a coalition committed to achieving universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). It catalyzes partnerships to fund innovative WASH programs. The WASH Sustainability Charter outlines best practices across strategy, governance, service delivery, finance, and reporting. Over 100 organizations have endorsed the voluntary Charter, which aims to strengthen sustainability across the sector. GWC works to align diverse initiatives and change business as usual through tools like the Charter and by continuing discussions on sustainability.
Vidyanagar Nature Club
Sheltered in a nondescript bylane of one of Gujarat’s many small towns is an organisation that has started a revolution of sorts in the towns bordering it, and slowly but resolutely spreading its message to cities far beyond it, across the length and breadth of India.
Vidyanagar Nature Club (VNC) one of the country’s most active NGOs, is deeply involved in the areas of environment education, awareness and protection. Established in 1988, the organisation is based in the flourishing Anand district.
VNC is a registered public charitable trust and an accredited NGO by Global Environment Facility (GEF) Washington DC, USA. The organisation is a member of SAYEN (South Asia Youth & Environment Network) which is supported by UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) and a special NGO member with Global Environmental Action’s Virtual Globe, Japan. Vidyanagar Nature Club is registered with Japan’s Environmental Educational Forum (JEEF) and Environmental Grant Maker’s Association (EGA).
The document discusses the importance of water conservation and raising awareness about water issues. It describes a program called SWISS that aims to:
1) Educate students about water and the environment through workshops, activities, and competitions.
2) Create an informed group of citizens to promote sustained movement around water issues.
3) Highlight simple ways for students to conserve water like fixing leaks, turning off taps, and watering plants efficiently.
This document provides guidance for trainers on how to train and support community health promoters. It discusses CAWST's approach of using community health promoters and participatory learning tools to promote behavior change around water, sanitation, and hygiene. The document contains sections on the roles of community health promoters and trainers, techniques for behavior change communication, tools for working with households and communities, guidance on planning and implementing training programs, and case studies. The overall aim is to equip trainers with the skills and knowledge to effectively organize, train, and monitor community health promoters to improve health through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.
This document provides guidance for trainers on how to train and support community health promoters. It discusses CAWST's approach of using community health promoters and participatory learning tools to promote behavior change around water, sanitation, and hygiene. The document contains sections on the roles of community health promoters and trainers, techniques for behavior change communication, tools for working with households and communities, guidance on planning and implementing training programs, and case studies. The overall aim is to equip trainers with the skills and knowledge to effectively organize, train, and monitor community health promoters to improve health through improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.
WASH United India | Fellowships | Round 2WASH United
The document describes the WASH United India Fellows Program for 2013-2014. It provides information on several fellowship opportunities for filmmakers, photographers, and graphic designers to work on various WASH United projects focused on improving sanitation and hygiene in India. The fellowship would be based in New Delhi and last 3-12 months. Fellows would work on projects like sanitation carnivals, a music initiative called Loo Tunes, using art to promote sanitation, and capturing images and footage for advocacy through a program called Common Light. The fellowship aims to provide high impact work and connect fellows to the social innovation community in Delhi.
Water Education Clean India Roorkee Feb12 [Compatibility Mode]DAcleanindia
CLEAN-India was invited to deliver a presentation on \'Water Education and Capacity Building\' at the National Symposium on Water Resource Management in the Changing Environment at National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee, 9th Feb 2012
Wastewater is a growing health and environmental threat, accounting for almost as many planet warming emissions as the aviation industry. Yet, with the right policies, wastewater could be an invaluable resource, providing alternative energy to half a billion people, supplying over 10 times the water provided by current global desalination capacity and offsetting over 10 per cent of global fertilizer use. More than 10 years have passed since the release of the report 'Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable Development', and despite some progress, significant amounts of wastewater are still being released untreated into the environment with negative repercussions for the environment and human livelihood.
This new report, “Wastewater - Turning problem to solution”, developed jointly by UNEP's Global Wastewater Initiative and GRID-Arendal, urges decision makers and action takers from all regions of the world to implement the three key actions, to overcome barriers, and to put in place the building blocks, described in the publication.
Water For All, through Sustainability in Action, Intel Funding with SCOPE TrichyTanushree Ghosh
This document summarizes a proposed project to develop and distribute a zero-cost water purification solution using solar distillation in plastic bottles. The project would involve collaborations between Intel, AID India, Arizona State University, and local partners in India. It outlines the need for clean drinking water globally and in local communities in India, proposes a solution using repurposed plastic bottles and solar heating, and presents a plan to test, improve, and proliferate the system with the goal of providing clean water access for communities in need.
1) Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water and over 3 billion people do not have adequate sanitation facilities, and this could reach 5.5 billion people in the next 20 years if no action is taken.
2) 30% of common recurrent diseases are related to poor water and sanitation, resulting in 4 million deaths annually, mostly among children under 5 years old.
3) The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is working to increase access to safe water and sanitation through community-based programs, emergency response, and advocating for water and
This document discusses integrated water resource management and watershed management. It notes that watersheds are areas of land that drain to common water bodies, and that all living things within a watershed are interconnected. The document discusses the complexity of creating watershed management plans and some of the issues facing watersheds, such as water-related illnesses, lack of access to sanitation, and lost opportunities for women and children. It argues that sustainable solutions will only arise through collaboration between different stakeholders, and provides examples of partnerships between organizations like PepsiCo, the UN, and The Nature Conservancy to work on integrated water resource management.
This document discusses several organizations working on water access and conservation issues around the world. One Drop is an international non-profit created by Cirque du Soleil that implements various community-based water, sanitation and agriculture projects. M-Paani is a social enterprise that uses a mobile loyalty program to improve access to water, education and healthcare. Water.org works with local partners in various countries to implement water and sanitation projects using participatory approaches. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is a non-profit research organization that focuses on water availability, use, quality and governance through various research themes and programs.
1) The document discusses a presentation given by Sophia Bekele to the Rotary Club of Alamo, California on April 15, 2009 about various projects in Ethiopia including solar cooking efforts, The Hunger Project Ethiopia, and the Jaldu Water Project.
2) The Jaldu Water Project aims to provide safe drinking water to 15 villages with 18,500 people through developing springs, drilling wells, and including cattle troughs and pit latrines.
3) Breaking the poverty, disease, and hunger cycle requires access to sufficient clean water for drinking, cooking, food security, health, and prosperity. Partnership with organizations like The Hunger Project will help ensure water projects are completed on
UNDP (2015) Mt EbA report FINAL2 web vs (041215)Tine Rossing
This document provides an overview of the Global Mountain Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Programme implemented in Nepal, Peru and Uganda from 2014-2017. The programme was led by UNDP, IUCN and UNEP and aimed to build the case for EbA through demonstrating its benefits. Key activities included participatory vulnerability assessments, pilot EbA measures across sectors like water and agriculture, and cost-benefit analyses. Lessons included how EbA secured environmental, social and economic benefits but required long-term planning and addressing non-climatic threats. The document also examines opportunities and challenges for upscaling EbA through policy changes and financing schemes.
Help Davao: SurfAid International early results from CLTS in Nias, Indonesia Declan Hearne
This review is focused on ‘water and health’ and seeks to share lessons learnt from the Western Sumatra Islands, Indonesia where communities are leading the eradication of open defecation through an approach known as Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). With the apparent increasing frequency and intensity of hydro-hazards, hydrological ex-tremes and water-related disasters being witness in the Philippines the presentation will demonstrate that these approaches enable communities to increase resilience and to bet-ter self manage sanitation in the event of natural disasters. The paper will also expand upon how SurfAid International is piloting this approach in the early recovery processes in the aftermath of the M7.6 September 30th West Sumatra Earthquake. The paper will out-line the links between CLTS and how it can positively impact on conflict mitigation and community participation in the management of water resources. The paper is geared at the development practitioners who aim is to improve human lives. It is line with MGD 7. The paper is also useful to other land and water managers as the prescribed process of CLTS is focused on the reduction of bacterial contaminate from diffused point sources through the reduction of open defecation. Lessons from the paper also can also be employed by hazard managers to help better prepare communities to be able to self manage sanitation in emergency responses.
Masters degree, royal roads university, final field research thesis 2007 k.ru...Kevin D. Rumsey
Having over 25 years’ experience in water and environmental management, both in northern Canada with government and overseas water experience in conflict and disaster regions, I am well positioned to assist decision-makers with:
The document discusses environmental fiscal reforms (EFR) as an approach to achieve development goals while ensuring environmental sustainability. It proposes using fiscal instruments like taxes and subsidies to influence behaviors that protect the environment and redirect funds towards conservation and poverty reduction. The reforms aim to have win-win outcomes of environmental benefits, fiscal benefits, and poverty reduction by incentivizing sustainable resource management and curbing pollution. Appropriate EFR tools for Pakistan include pricing natural resources and charging for environmental externalities. The reforms were tested in a project funded by Swiss Development Cooperation aimed at reducing poverty and improving the environment.
Sebuah Komunitas yang bernama Leprosy Care Community University of Indonesia yang selanjutnya disebut LCC UI, yang bermotto “ Everlasting Friendship”. LCC UI adalah komunitas sosial yang terbentuk atas gagasan seorang mahasiswa Jepang dan beberapa mahasiswa UI yang peduli terhadap orang yang pernah mengalami kusta (OYPMK). Misi komunitas ini adalah untuk mengurangi diskriminasi OYPMK melalui pencerdasan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Dimulai dari kepedulian, akan timbul kebahagiaan yang tidak dapat tergantikan
Selamat Bergabung
:D
The document outlines a learning design process with the following key steps:
1. Define outcomes and objectives for raising awareness, building consensus, developing policy, implementing strategies, and fostering networks.
2. Identify appropriate methods like lectures, case studies, discussions, and action planning to meet the objectives.
3. Select relevant tools and delivery modes like print materials, videos, online forums to deliver the content face-to-face or virtually.
This document provides an overview of smart hygiene solutions and promotion methods. It discusses the importance of hygiene for health, with poor hygiene contributing to many child deaths globally each year from diseases like diarrhea. Handwashing with soap can reduce diarrhea risk by 37% and respiratory diseases by 25%. The document then outlines different hygiene promotion methods like participatory strategies, social marketing, and total sanitation approaches that have been used to improve hygiene behaviors and conditions in communities.
20110701 watsan pdg leap and technical support concept paperMyWASH
This document proposes a project to build the capacity of water and sanitation teams in World Vision's Pacific Development Group through technical training and strengthening their ability to use the LEAP framework. It aims to improve the quality of WV-PDG's water and sanitation programming, which currently lacks competent technical professionals. Over one year, the project would train the approximately 28 WV staff and 12 local government partners involved in 8 existing water and sanitation projects in PNG, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The training would focus on technical skills as well as monitoring, evaluation and project management using LEAP. It expects to develop WV-PDG's water and sanitation strategy and approach PHAST as a participatory process rather
20110907 presentation com part IRC / World VisionMyWASH
This document summarizes a presentation about ComPart, an online learning and communication platform developed by ICCO and Euforic Services.
The presentation provides background on ComPart, describing what it is and the various tools used within it. ComPart is a web space for sharing and finding information to support reflection, learning, communication, and documenting experiences. It utilizes a variety of third party tools through an open and collaborative approach.
The presentation discusses successes with ComPart including its use for learning strategies, internal discussions, and communication. However, problems were also experienced with insufficient organizational alignment and technical issues. Key lessons learned include the importance of clear objectives, alignment within the organization, an agreed way of working, and keeping the
This document provides information on efforts to promote sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It discusses:
1) The focus in 2011 of WASH services that last, with stories in each issue of Source Bulletin tagged as such.
2) Outputs and lessons from the WASHCost and Triple-S programs funded by the Gates Foundation, including the need for life-cycle costing and the fact that only 13% of donor funding goes to maintenance and replacement.
3) A 13-country study by Triple-S identifying factors that contribute to or constrain sustainable rural water services at scale.
The document discusses the costs, financing, and accountability required for sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It notes that substantial funding is needed to maintain systems but communities can only cover a small part, and presents cost data from different countries. Ensuring transparent cost accounting and involving local stakeholders in financial decisions is important for selecting affordable options and achieving sustainable services.
The document discusses knowledge management (KM) workshops conducted by WELL with three organizations - SEUF, AMREF, and IWSD. It summarizes the key outcomes of the workshops:
1) SEUF developed two KM plans around information sharing through their website and improved project documentation.
2) AMREF staff from headquarters also joined the workshop and it was found that a KM initiative was already underway at HQ.
3) IWSD workshop attendees developed four KM plans around strategic issues like research, information and marketing, technical training, and administration and finance.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
2. A joint publication: Acknowledgements The research and views contained in this
publication are the sole responsibility of the
This compilation was drawn together by Kathy
authors and can under no circumstances be
Shordt (indpendent consultant), James
regarded as reflecting the position of
Wicken (WaterAid) and Carmen Da Silva Wells
WaterAid Australia, the International Water
WaterAid – water for life (IRC International Water and Sanitation
Centre, the IRC International Water and
Centre) and design and layout was done by
The international NGO dedicated exclusively to the provision of safe domestic Sanitation Centre, the Australian Agency for
the International WaterCentre. The
water, sanitation and hygiene education to the world’s poorest people. International Development or any
compilation draws heavily on earlier work by
www.wateraid.org.au organisation referred to in the case studies.
Jan Parry (independent consultant) and Diane
Cousineau (International WaterCentre).
Christine Sijbesma (IRC International Water Images
and Sanitation Centre) provided guidance Front cover: Top - Children washing their hands
and support. after using the child-friendly toilets,
A special acknowledgement to all Karuvattupettai Slum, India. (Photo: Martin
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre – bridging the knowledge contributing authors, who generously gave Argles, WaterAid). Right side - Handwashing
gap and joint learning with partners for improved, low-cost water their time to prepare, edit and improve the demonstration in Nepal (Photo: Krukkert, IRC).
supply, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries case studies, and whose insights and Bottom - Family with HBC worker (Photo:
Since its foundation in 1968, the IRC International Water and Sanitation experiences have contributed to the body of Academy for Educational Development, Hygiene
Centre has facilitated the sharing, promotion and use of knowledge so that knowledge on hygiene promotion. IRC Improvement Project). Page 1 - Linking with the
governments, professionals and organisations can better support poor men, gratefully acknowledges the support of our community: Communities using soap bought
women and children in developing countries to obtain water and sanitation partners in organising the practitioners’ from a school-based cooperative. (Photo: Live
services they will use and maintain. workshops. and Learn Environmental Education ). Page 8
www.irc.nl - Latrine monitoring in India (Photo: Sijbesma,
WaterAid Australia gratefully acknowledges IRC). Page 9 - Drama promoting hygiene in
the funding support of the Australian Agency Nepal (Photo: Krukkert, IRC). Page - 10 A
for International Development (AusAID) for its mother with her baby washes her hands using a
support in developing some of this material tippy tap(Photo: Water and Sanitation Program
through the Australian NGO Cooperation (WSP) Indonesia, World Bank).
Program Innovations Fund.
International WaterCentre – water leadership for the future Recommended citation
The International WaterCentre (IWC) is dedicated to providing the most WaterAid Australia, International WaterCentre,
advanced education and training, applied research and expert services to IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
develop capacity and promote whole-of-water cycle approaches to integrated (2011). Promoting good hygiene practices:
water management around the world. Key elements and practical lessons.
www.watercentre.org
3. Overview
Introduction The key elements of ‘FOAMS’ are as follows:
from very diverse experiences which are information, in some depth, about hygiene
F: Focus practices and focus groups;
The objective of this compilation is to relevant beyond the specific project location, promotion. All case studies offer practical
and for programs in other regions too. The lessons and tools so that we can reflect upon O: Opportunities existing in the external
strengthen the capacity of organisations to
case studies were first written for workshops these experiences, and also consider applying environment to practice the behaviour, e.g.
design and deliver effective hygiene
and publications organised by IRC and some of the techniques in our own work. soap and water available, gender relations
promotion programs leading to the improved
WaterAid between 2007 and 20101. This allow the practice;
health of communities. To assist you in deciding what to read, the
compilation draws out a synthesis of key snapshot provides a brief description of A: Ability to practice, e.g. whether an
This compilation of three keynote papers and lessons and makes the case studies more individual possesses the skills, equipment
each case study. The final section highlights
31 case studies searches for answers to the accessible by providing a snap shot overview and time;
some of the key learnings and is presented
question: What makes hygiene promotion and access on an accompanying CD and a using an adaptation of the FOAM model M: Motivation to practice , e.g. a sense of
work? The case studies are written by authors dedicated website at www.irc.nl/foams. (Coombes and Devine, 2009). The disgust, to be modern, to be like others, a
from a wide variety of organisations working
The keynote papers and case studies in this accompanying CD and www.irc.nl/foams better life for children;
in South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific and
publication provide a wide range of includes the case studies, following the S: Sustain and Study behaviour change; to
Africa. They provide lessons and learnings
numbering determine if the behaviour has been
provided in these sustained to the point of it being habitual.
tables.
Main themes
The FOAM model
describes four core The case studies are a rich source of learning.
elements of hygiene Among the main themes that have emerged,
promotion programs four are highlighted here.
that all need to be
addressed in order Management and intense support
to achieve An undercurrent in many of the case studies
behaviour change. is the need for good management. This
An ‘S’ has been requires sufficient emphasis on hygiene in
added to the model WASH and broader health programs,
here, in order to accompanied by skilled and dedicated staff
draw attention to and clear institutional responsibilities.
the importance of Volunteers, local committees and staff must
sustaining be trained, consistently supported and
behaviour change. supervised. Another requirement is
collaboration among people in communities,
government, non-governmental and private
sector for strong local support. Quality of
interventions is a related issue.
3
4. For example, are participatory activities gives may motivate women. The important Most of the community-based programs homes4. Probably the best way is to use
really participatory and carried out with point is that studies are needed with each work for improvement in several hygiene several tools—for example, through
sufficient care and skill? specific target group to determine the most practices. observations, spot checks, discussions and
effective drivers. These need not be long and Some projects use elements from both group ranking or voting—and compare the
Motives that matter costly, for example focus group discussions information. This is called triangulation and
approaches. For example, campaigns may
Hygiene promotion programmes should with the different target groups split into also develop interpersonal community- gives far more accurate results.
understand and target the motives people adopters (for drivers) and non-adopters (for based communication to promote improved Conducting impact studies showing the
naturally have for changing hygiene constraints) can quickly provide very useful practices. A new publication (Peal, Evans health benefits from hygiene promotion and
behaviour. Different user groups (women, insights. and Van der Voorden, 2010) describing sanitation programs is complicated,
men, elderly, youth, farmers or these approaches in detail is: Hygiene and expensive and must be done very carefully
shopkeepers, urban or rural households) Sanitation Software. An overview of to show valid results. We know that if people
Marketing versus community-based
have different drivers that will motivate them approaches, which can be found at have the materials and carry out certain
approaches
to move from knowledge to actual practice. www.wsscc.org/node/745. practices, their health will be protected. The
Examples2 given of using these motives - or The first efforts to improve hygiene were
An important lesson learned for both practices and status of facilities is what
drivers – specifically for handwashing with conducted in a traditional way: by telling
approaches is the value of focusing on a should be studied.
soap are: communities - especially women - what to do
to improve health and trusting that change in single or a few behaviours at a time. Fewer
• A television commercial which used the References
practice would follow. Largely it didn’t3. So practices are more effectively integrated into
1. Sanitation and hygiene practitioners seminar East and
idea that there was unseen people’s lives; too many are confusing.
hygiene education was changed to hygiene Southern Africa, Moshi, Tanzania, 19 – 21 November
contamination on hands after visiting 2007, Summary report and proceedings IRC 2008: http://
promotion and two main approaches
the toilet (disgust) and that this would www.irc.nl/page/44019; South Asian sanitation and
developed. Measuring the real practice hygiene practitioners’ workshop, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
be transferred to the child’s food
29-31 January 2008, Wicken, J.; Verhagen, J.; Sijbesma, C.;
(nurture) - from Ghana One is the social marketing campaign which Do people wash hands before eating? Do Silva, C. da; Ryan, P. (2008). Beyond construction : use by
focuses on one or two major practices and mothers dispose the faeces of young all : a collection of case studies from sanitation and
• An affiliation (the need to fit in)
uses formative research through focus group children safely? It is difficult to measure hygiene promotion practitioners in South Asia. The Hague,
message saying: “Is the person next to The Netherlands, IRC International Water and Sanitation
discussions and audience (market) surveys to such personal hygiene behaviours and
you washing their hands with soap?” Centre; London, UK, WaterAid: http://www.irc.nl/
develop messages that suit target audiences difficult to learn about actual practices. But page/40450 ; South Asia hygiene practitioners’
- from UK
and communicates these messages, usually we must try to measure in order to learn to workshop, Dhaka Bangladesh, 1-4 February 2010,
• Fear of disease only seemed to through mass media, in ways that reach and Summary report, IRC 2010: http://www.irc.nl/
promote hygiene better and to know what page/53555; Learning day on hygiene promotion,
motivate handwashing when there was motivate the audiences. programs are achieving. Anecdotes, that is Melbourne, Australia, 9 June 2010.
a clear and present danger, for example 2. From Semmelweis to Global Handwashing Day: What’s
The other approach, which we call community- stories of success in a particular case, show
from cholera. the latest on hygiene promotion?, Dr Valerie Curtis and
based, uses many methods with groups in that hygiene practices can change, but not Case study 18 Designing evidence-based communications
For other practices, such as having and communities, including participatory activities, that everyone in the focus audience is programs to promote handwashing with soap in Vietnam,
using a toilet, the drivers differ significantly demonstrations, group meetings, trials, group changing. Asking people to report on their Nga Kim Nguyen
from those for handwashing. For example, 3. Case study 14 Journey towards changing behaviour:
planning activities, and so on. The community, own behaviour is not helpful. These Evolution of hygiene education in Bangladesh, Rokeya
the status that having a toilet gives may rather than the program, should choose or self-reports give results that are 2 to 3 times Ahmed
motivate men, while the safety and privacy it prioritise the behaviours they want to improve. higher than shown by actual observations in 4. Case Study 27 Measuring hand washing behaviour:
4 Methodological and validity issues, Lisa Danquah
5. A snapshot of the case studies: Discover what you would like to read
Keynote papers The case studies
1 From Semmelweis to Global
Handwashing Day: What’s the latest
Community-based approaches
on hygiene promotion? 4 Tugeda Uime Waka for Helti Komuniti
1 Volunteering for water, sanitation and hygiene behaviour (together we work for healthy communities)
Dr Valerie Curtis, The Hygiene Centre, London improvements Solomon Islands remote rural communities
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Timor-Leste national community health program
Sarah Davies and Donna Webb, Australian Red Cross
A presentation of the latest information and data
Heather Moran, BESIK (Bee Saneamentu no Ijene iha Komunidade) • Use of PHAST, particularly community action planning
from epidemiologists and behaviour change
• The government policy on health promotion – utilising volunteer Family Health • Success and challenges in the implementation of PHAST – participation of
scientists about hygiene behaviour change. Promoters to extend the reach of behaviour change initiatives women, incentivising and training volunteers
• Family Health Promoters as hygiene role models • Impact of hygiene promotion on local level conflicts
2 Coming into its own: • Making and marketing local herbal soaps to increase demand for soap
5 Community health club approach: Case study of Katakwi in Uganda
Hygiene promotion for development • How to support a cadre of volunteer health promoters
Uganda rural communities and displaced people’scamps
Dr Christine Sijbesma, IRC International Water 2 Stories from rural hygiene promoters in Vanuatu: Otai John Justin, Ministry of Health, Environmental Health Division
and Sanitation Centre PHAST, tippy taps and working with men and women • Multi-purpose clubs which have a hygiene component
An overview of the benefits of improved hygiene Vanuatu lessons learned from the islands of Tanna and Santo • Health clubs integrate hygiene, sanitation, social activities and
for development and analysis of approaches income generation
Gabrielle Halcrow and Joanne Crawford, International Women’s • Assessment of some results
taken in hygiene promotion programs to answer
Development Agency; Jocelyn Loughman, World Vision Vanuatu
the question: what can or should NGOs do?
• A local adaptation of PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation 6 Contributions of Village WASH Committee in breaking the cycle of
Transformation), and the development of community action plans unhygienic behaviours in rural Bangladesh
• Climbing the ‘Handwashing Ladder’ and the use of Tippy Taps
3 Hygiene promotion in South Asia: Bangladesh 39,000 rural communities and small towns
• Working with women and men to promote hygiene
Progress, challenges and emerging Babar Kabir, BRAC
issues • Hygiene promotion through Village WASH Committees: needs assessment,
3 Beyond tippy-taps: The role of enabling products in scaling up local planning, roles of women
Andy Peal and sustaining handwashing • Hygiene promotion as the “backbone” of the WASH program
International and Vietnam design study
An overview of hygiene and behaviour change
approaches and experiences in the sector, with Jacqueline Devine, Global Scaling Up Handwashing Project, Water and Sanitation 7 The Role of Imams and different institutions in hygiene promotion
focus on South Asia. Program of BRAC WASH program
Bangladesh mobilization in large-scale program
• Enabling factors improving opportunity for handwashing initiatives as well as
motivation
Babar Kabir, BRAC
• Development of handwashing stations and tippy-taps for convenient access to
water and soap Three communication aspects of hygiene promotion:
• Case study from Vietnam on rural handwashing stations • Specificially for men, series of talks by religious leaders on hygiene,
sanitation and the position of women
• School hygiene promotion (including menstrual education in
secondary schools)
• Promotion of hygiene through folk media
5
6. A snapshot of the case studies: Discover what you would like to read
8 Participatory community hygiene education in Dhaka 12 Freedom of mobility: Experiences from villages in the states of Campaign approaches
slums: DSK experience Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh India
Bangladesh large-scale program in urban slums India rural communities 16 Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing
Ranajit Das, Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK) Maria Fernandes, WaterAid in India with Soap in Indonesia
• Participatory design and assessment with community groups in informal • Survey results related to menstruation and menstrual hygiene, knowledge Indonesia national level program
slum neighbourhoods and practice
• 6-step implementation program using many community channels Ida Rafiqah and Isabel Blackett, Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), World
• Local best practices in the promotion, production, distribution and sale of
• Evaluation study of behavioural change through observations as well as sanitary napkins in rural areas Bank
questionnaires • Costs and micro-credit for production by women • The role of the private sector in the partnership
• How to link private sector with government agencies for handwashing
9 The practice of handwashing 13 Hygiene promotion for men: Challenges & experiences from Nepal promotion
Bangladesh large-scale project rural and towns Nepal rural and isolated communities • Campaign materials for partners to use to promote handwashing
Laboni Shabnam, Dhaka Ahsania Mission, SSARA project Ingeborg Krukkert, Carmen da Silva Wells, IRC and Yubraj Shrestha, Mangal
17 The development of an entertainment education
• Large scale mobilization for handwashing among 1.5 million people, 300 Dash Duwal, Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH)
schools, markets, food shops
program to promote handwashing with soap
• Why men should be involved in hygiene promotion
• Post-assessment of handwashing practice before eating and after defecation among primary school children in Vietnam
• Encouraging men’s responsibility in hygiene improvements with a multi-step
• Recommendations for future actions strategy and participatory training Vietnam national campaign and 512 schools
• Need for effective field support for rural staff
Nga Kim Nguyen, The Vietnam Handwashing Initiative, Water and
10 Hygiene Improvement Project: Why WASH Matters Sanitation Program (WSP), World Bank
Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania 14 Journey towards changing behaviour: Evolution of hygiene • Development of a national handwashing campaign using mass media
Renuka Bery, Julia Rosenbaum, Eleonore Seumo, Hygiene Improvement Project/
education in Bangladesh and interpersonal communication channels
Bangladesh review of hygiene programs from 1970s to 2008 • How to conduct formative research for school children
Academy for Educational Development and Elizabeth Younger, Hygiene
• School-based interpersonal communication activities to complement a
Improvement Project/ Manoff Group Rokeya Ahmed, WaterAid Bangladesh national campaign
• Hygiene for people living with HIV or AIDS and their families • Review of main hygiene programs in Bangladesh (SAFER, SOCMOB, • Details of research and assessments
• Why WASH needs to be fully integrated in existing HIV/AIDS programs IPE-CTLS, SHEWA and so on) over the past 3 decades
• Trials of improved practice: negotiating with families to improve hygiene • Shifting from hygiene education to hygiene promotion
18 Designing evidence-based communications programs to
behaviour • Details of strategies and tools of the programs are shown in annexes
• Small do-able actions: easy steps for behavioural change
promote handwashing with soap in Vietnam
• Challenge of coordination among NGOs
Vietnam campaign targeting mothers
11 Menstrual hygiene: Breaking the silence 15 Thirty-five years of searching for answers to rural sanitation Nga Kim Nguyen, The Vietnam Handwashing Initiative, Water and
Bangladesh national
and hygiene in Bhutan Sanitation Program (WSP), World Bank
Rokeya Ahmed, WaterAid Bangladesh Bhutan reflections on national program • Developing handwashing campaign for mothers, integrating mass
media and interpersonal communications
• How menstrual hygiene programming was started with partner John Collett, SNV Bhutan
organizations in Bangladesh • Practical advice on management, consumer research and pre-testing
• Development of IEC materials and design modifications of toilets • Bhutan’s achievements in water and sanitation over past 35 years • How to incorporate research findings into the design of social marketing
• Challenges in achieving desired impacts, given continuing high mortality campaigns
and morbidity
• Importance of hygiene behaviours and promotion and suggestions on
19 Global Handwashing Day and beyond
program management International with examples from individual countries
Ann Thomas, UNICEF
• What helped to make the Global Handwashing Day (GHD) a success
• How to improve public-private partnerships
• Establishing the differences between advocacy, education and behaviour
change
• Harnessing the momentum of GHD to achieve longer-term success
6
7. Focus on schools and children
24 Jakarta’s impoverished kids lesson series: 10 take-home 28 A study on personal and home hygiene in flood prone
20 Student-led hygiene promotion and empowerment in rural hygiene messages communities in the Philippines
schools in the Western Pacific: A photo story Indonesia urban slums of Jakarta
Philippines Hygiene practices in flood prone communities in 2 provinces
Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands rural schools
Mindy Weimer, Yayasan Tirta Lestari and Mita Sirait, WatSan Action Lyn Capistrano, Philippines Center for Water and Sanitation
Christian Nielsen, Live and Learn Environmental Education • Non-formal education for very poor children 8-12 years • Case studies of existing positive hygiene practices that can be built upon in
• Photos illustrating participatory techniques to facilitate active learning • A series of 10 lessons on personal and household hygiene, with questions developing hygiene programs
on topics relating to good hygiene behaviour and activities • Many practices are borne from necessity, context specific in difficult
environmental circumstances
21 Who is responsible for soap in Pakistani school toilets? • Hygiene including aspects related to emotional and spiritual health
Pakistan urban schools 25 Youth spearheading hygiene and environmental awareness:
Kiambu Experience 29 Assessment of hygiene communication plan in the aftermath of
Syed Ayub Qutub, Pakistan Institute for Environment-Development Action the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan
Kenya, Nairobi slum area
Research (PIEDAR) Pakistan Isolated area of 2005 earthquake
Ruth N. Nzomo, Maji na Ufanisi (MnU)
• Study of handwashing, toilet use and maintenance of school facilities Farooq Khan, Rabia Syed, North West Development Associates and Rutger
• Mobilizing youth and organizing youth club, children’s club
• Use of triangulated tools to study handwashing Verkerk and Deirdre Casella, IRC
• Participatory training and planning with PHAST in inner-city Nairobi
• Highlights importance of committed school administration and • Assessment, one year after a major earthquake, of hygiene promotion
management activities and products provided
• What was the assessment strategy and the specially adapted tools
22 Real involvement, real participation
• Detailed recommendations for hygiene promotion and products in emergency
Papua New Guinea rural schools
situations
Miriam Layton and Steve Layton, ATprojects Research and monitoring
• Breaking down the stigma surrounding girls’ monthly menstruation 30 Assessing and addressing hygiene issues of internally displaced
• Use of Knowledge Sharing Workshops to enable end-users (girl persons of Swat, Buner and Dir
students) to develop products to meet their needs 26 Beyond traditional KAP Surveys: Need for addressing other
Pakistan Displaced people in North West Frontier Province
• Development of a simple low-cost washing facility to enable girls to determinants of behavioral change for more effective
practice menstrual hygiene in rural schools
hygiene promotion Syed Shah Nasir Khisro, Integrated Rural Support Program
Pakistan Swat district • Hygiene promotion with water and sanitation for internally displaced people
23 A strong foundation: Revising Cambodia’s
• 5-step process to develop hygiene interventions in difficult circumstances
National School Health Curriculum to prevent Mohammad Riaz, Mercy Corps, and Farooq Khan, North West Development
• Includes attention for menstrual hygiene among women
and control intestinal worms Associates
Cambodia national school curriculum development • Schools and child-to-child program 31 Stages of hygiene monitoring: An operational experience
• Need to learn about pre-disposing and enabling factors for adequate
Leng Wannak and Aminuzzaman Talukder, Helen Keller International planning from Nepal
– Cambodia, Pen Saroeun, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (School Nepal program monitoring
Health Department) , Kim Koporc, Children Without Worms 27 Measuring hand washing behaviour: Methodological and Om Gautam, Barat Adhikari, Kabir Rajbhandari, Oliver Jones, WaterAid Nepal
• The process and findings from a curriculum review and situation analysis validity issues • Monitoring experiences of WaterAid Nepal and its partners
• Survey revealing levels of knowledge about preventing worms among Bangladesh study of handwashing practices in rural areas
school children and teachers • 7-step monitoring process is described
• Recommendations on management and coordination in the national Lisa Danquah, University of Southampton, UK • Examples and learnings are provided
program
• Research that compares the accuracy of tools for measuring
handwashing practices (observation, spot-checks, self-reporting,
demonstration) Other case studies with major monitoring or research
• Self-reporting about personal behaviours is less useful than other tools components are: 8, 9, 17, 18, 21 and 23.
7
8. Key lessons learned from the case studies and keynote papers
The key learnings from the 31 case studies are presented below using the FOAMS model (adapted from Coombes and Devine, 2009)
Focus
Know your Focus groups • A campaign or social-marketing approach is suitable for promoting one specific hygiene
practice such as washing hands with soap. A campaign needn’t always be organised at a
• Understand the environment in which practices occur. Programs should begin with
national level, it can be delivered to a smaller target population such as at the district level.
research or should assist communities to do self-assessments of their situation. The
research and assessments lead to identifying good and bad practices, coming up with Case study 16; Case study 17
solutions and making plans to promote the good and change the bad. This is in line • Most of the community-based programs work for improvement in several hygiene
with the concept of targeted hygiene: identifying high-risk situations for transmitting practices, using participatory methods with target groups. Community members are
pathogens in homes and communities and promoting feasible and appealing helped to discuss, negotiate, and jointly identify problems and solutions for adoption of
practices. Use this information to design programs and monitor behaviour change. priority hygiene behaviours. For behaviour change, the idea is to focus not on messages,
• The research and assessments also ask: Who can influence and support behaviour but on active understanding of high risk behaviours and good practices. The participatory
change? What would motivate behaviour change? What drivers motivate change other activities and communication need to be of good quality, to motivate and empower the
than health? Whose behaviour are we trying to change? Mothers? Fathers? Men? target groups, including the poor.
Children? Adolescents? Select one or a few focus groups. • Behaviour change programs such as PHAST (and others such as SARAR and MPA
Case study 17; Case study 23; Case study 26; Case study 28 Methodology for Participatory Assessments) can be adapted to the local context. PHAST
does not have to rely on health messages alone, but should instead focus upon target
• Consider gender. Who controls finance for hygiene and sanitation in households? Are
behaviours that will resonate strongly with the local audience.
men committed to improving hygiene? Hygiene promotion for men can result in more
support for hygiene in the household and more recognition of the hygiene-related Case study 2; Case study 5; Case study 8; Case study 25
work undertaken by women in the home. Related issues are: Are women heard in • Many projects combine some elements of mass media and campaigns together with
planning and committees? Are there male and female field staff? interpersonal community-based approaches to promote improved practices. For example,
Case study 2; Case study 12; Case study 13 the Vietnam Handwashing Initiative is an example of an evidence-based communication
campaign for handwashing with soap which also has interpersonal communication
Prioritise practices and avoid message overload activities with mothers and participatory school programs with children. The community-
based BRAC program used mass communication channels through religious institutions
• Four clusters of hygiene practices are known to have the greatest impact on people’s
and through theatre groups.
health1, especially children’s: (1) handwashing with soap, (2) safe disposal of human
excreta by all, (3) keeping drinking water safe from source to mouth, and (4) using Case study 7; Case study 18
enough water for hygiene. As hygiene is context-specific, other practices may also be • Several case studies focused on the management of menstrual hygiene. These cases
important in a particular situation, for example, food hygiene, control of animals combine intensive education with the development of small scale enterprises for the
around the home, disposal of the dead. production and sale of menstrual products. As with other programs, it is important to invest
• An important lesson learned is the value of focusing on a single or a few behaviours time in finding out about current practices and identify what can be changed and how.
at a time. Fewer practices are more effectively integrated into people’s lives. Case study 11; Case study 12; Case study 22; Case study 30
Keynote paper 1; Keynote paper 2
8
9. Opportunity - in the external environment
Ensure that there is Opportunity to change behaviour • Volunteers often are at the centre of hygiene promotion activities, for example, as
promoters or members of WASH or health committees. Effective hygiene promotion
Opportunity at the household and community level: requires well-trained and supported promoters who help bring about change through
• People must have the opportunity to try out new behaviours and this requires certain community action-planning and follow-up. This crucial role needs to be valued and
enabling factors such as sufficient water, toilets, acceptable and affordable products incentivised, for example through encouraging a career structure for volunteers to
as well as social support in the environment. For example, when households have a gradually enter paid positions. Similarly, the members of WASH committees need
convenient and logical place where all handwashing materials are available, then continuing support and capacity building.
actual handwashing practice is better. Building low-cost (or no cost) handwashing Case study 1; Case study 6; Case study 8
stations can help individuals take the step from simply understanding the importance
• Success of hygiene promotion depends on the quality and commitment of field staff. Their
of handwashing, to actually practicing handwashing with soap.
difficult work needs to be valued. This should include repeated staff training on hygiene
Case study 3; Case study 22 promotion, on-site supervision and discussions in staff meetings on problems that arise in
their work.
Case study 1; Case study 4; Case study 13
• Consider the value of partnerships with the private sector, for example, food companies,
Opportunity at the institutional level: banks and mobile phone companies, soap manufacturers, small manufacturers of
• For hygiene behaviour change to be successful in integrated WASH programs, there menstrual pads. Private companies are not usually natural partners for governments and
must be a specific hygiene promotion strategy, a dedicated budget for hygiene, an NGOs, but there is huge potential to raise awareness about hygiene through partnerships
M&E component for behaviour change and adequate skilled staff. The responsibilities with private companies at the national and local level. Companies can market and
of institutions and staff must be clear. Who really deals with hygiene in the mobilise their customer base at a rate and speed which is hard for an NGO to achieve.
government, in water programs and schools? Cooperation among government and Specific events such as Global Handwashing Day can represent an opportunity for
NGO agencies should ideally be coupled with clear institutional roles. partnership. Partnerships need to be built in a way that protects negative developmental
Case study 1; Case study 14; Case study 15; Case study 21 effects; for example, do not crowd out small, local soap producers.
Case study 16; Case study 17; Case study 19
9
10. Ability
Enable adults and children to acquire the Ability to practice good
hygiene behaviour
• Programs now go beyond traditional training about how to carry out new practices.
Some examples are:
• Community role models can ignite interest among households to build their
own handwashing station. Community facilitators can show how to build a
simple tippy-tap, or a plastic storage bucket with lid and tap, or make and
market soap or menstrual pads.
• Participatory methods help community people to understand good and risky
local hygiene practices, and to plan, implement and monitor local action plans.
• Focus on small, easy, sequential steps, ‘do-able’ actions. Gradual change is
easier to achieve. Move from the least desirable to the ideal practice, for
example, by moving up the hygiene ladder. Negotiate with people to trial out
new practices and discuss their good and bad experiences after these trials.
Case study 2; Case study 5; Case study 8; Case study 10; Case study 25
Be careful and slow to fund the development of new Behaviour Change Communication
(BCC) materials. These materials are usually in plentiful supply but are often not used or
not used as intended. Find out what exists before re-inventing the wheel. Promoters and
teachers need good training and practice to use materials effectively.
Case study 17; Case study 18; Case study 23
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11. Motivation to practice
Motivate new behaviours drawing upon the specific drivers of change, • Many case studies have a school component (Case studies 7, 8, 17, 19, 20 to 26) and give
not just health. Move from knowledge to practice. many interesting examples of child-centred, participatory learning approaches, including
activities that are fun for children to promote hygiene behaviours and children’s
• Powerful drivers for behavioural change are: the feeling of disgust, the need to protect
leadership.
children (nurture), the need to fit in (affiliation), comfort, and the need to attract others
(attraction). The fear of disease, or improved health, is not the only or strongest driver • The success of the school health program depends on enabling factors that include
for practicing good hygiene behaviours. It is important to take time to understand the durable toilets, good water supply and, very importantly, strong support from the teachers
local “drivers of change” before designing hygiene promotion programs. and education authorities for maintenance of facilities. For school programs to succeed,
Keynote paper 1; Case study 16; Case study 18 the facilities must be clean, maintained and soap must be available.
Case study 21
• Health motivation comes from participatory assessments of good and risky local
conditions and practices, through a process of learning from peers, not from top-down
education. Outsiders can facilitate learning, not enforce it.
Case study 14
• Mobilize key leaders and their institutions to support an improved practice and to
communicate it through their local groups. The groups can include: religious leaders/
Imams, local politicians, village WASH committees, health volunteers, youth groups,
children from schools, women’s groups and savings groups, health institutions,
vendors/retailers and so on.
• Many programs set up new WASH or health committees whose activities include
hygiene promotion. These committees require careful selection, good training and
continuing support. There is a possible conflict between committees setting their own
plans while, at the same time, being told to carry out work decided by others. The
sustainability of these committees is an open question.
Case study 6; Case study 7; Case study 8
11
12. Sustain and Study
Determine if the behaviour has been adopted and Sustained
• Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) needs to be done much better. There was little data
or information in any of the case studies about whether or not behaviours had been
sustained over time, more commonly anecdotes from community members were
supplied to suggest that change had occurred.
• Hygiene promotion programs should better assess existing conditions and practices
at the start, then during, at the end of a hygiene promotion program, and then some
time afterwards. It is better to measure only a few indicators over time, than a whole
lot only at the start and finish.
• Use good tools to collect information. Asking a person to report on his/her own
practice often gives different information from observing real behaviour. Thus in case
study 27, the self-reports of handwashing with soap were 2 to 3 times higher than the
observations. Data should be collected using several tools—for example, through
observations, spot checks, discussions and group ranking or voting—and the results
compared. This is called triangulation and gives far more accurate results.
• Do not do health impact studies in a project. They are complicated, expensive and
must be very carefully done to show valid results. We know that if people have the
materials and carry out certain practices, their health will be protected. This (the
practices and status of facilities) is what should be studied.
Case study 8; Case study 18; Case study 27; Case study 29
• Hygiene promotion needs much better program monitoring to answer questions such
as: Is the program being carried out as planned? Who is being left out? The poor?
Those in isolated communities? Are the field workers carrying out their work as
planned? Are committees active? What problems are the field workers, promoters and
committees facing? What have they learned during their work? Keeping an eye on this
will improve hygiene promotion and help keep programs flexible.
• We need much better information on the cost of hygiene promotion programs – only
one case study included some information on cost. Without better information on cost
References
it will be difficult to advocate for greater priority for hygiene promotion.
1 See, e.g. Cairncross, S. & Valdmanis V, 2006. Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion. In D.T. Jamison et al., (eds.)
Disease control priorities in developing countries. New York: Oxford University Press, http://files.dcp2.org/pdf/DCP/DCP41.
pdf and Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM Jr. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to
reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2005; 5(1):
42–52, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov//pubmed/15620560
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