This document discusses pelvic organ prolapse, including: - A case scenario of a 43-year-old woman presenting with a mass descending from her vagina and difficulty initiating urination. - Details to ask in the history, including obstetric history, menstruation history, bladder/bowel problems, and duration/progression of prolapse. - Common urinary symptoms like frequency, dysuria, stress incontinence, and retention. - Examination findings like prolapse classification systems, differential diagnosis, and management options like conservative treatments, reconstructive surgery, obliterative procedures, and hysterectomy.

1. Prolapse
Dr P.Pallavee

2. • At the end of the class you should be able to
diagnose and manage a case of pelvic organ
prolapse

3. Case scenario
• A 43 yr old para 3 presents to opd with complaints of
mass descending per vaginum for one year and
difficulty in initiating micturition.
• What details will you ask in history?

4. History
• History of
presenting
complaints
• History of
precipitating factor
• Obstetric history
• Menstrual history
A. chronic cough ,
B. constipation,
C. abdominal mass
A. number of deliveries
B. place of delivery
C. prolonged labour
D. instrumental delivery
E. big babies
F. sepsis
G. lack of perineal exercise
H. early resumption of heavy work
I. short inter pregnancy interval
A. postmenopausal status
B. menstrual abnormalities
A. Duration of prolapse
B. rate of increase of severity
C. bladder and bowel problems
D. irreducibility of prolapse
E. discharge per vaginum,postcoital bleeding

5. What are the common urinary symptoms?
• frequency and dysuria-
associated cystitis
• stress urinary
incontinence- descent of
urethrovesical junction
• retention of urine.
• hydronephrosis and
pyelonephritis in chronic
cases
• difficulty in initiating urination

6. What important things you will note in examination?
• General examination
• Abdominal examination
• Pelvic examination
• Nutritional status
• anemia
• mental status
• lymphadenopathy
• Mass,
• hernial sites,
• free fluid
• inspection of external genitalia
• eliciting stress incontinence
• examination of prolapse
• bimanual pelvic examination

10. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse

11. Posterior vaginal wall prolapse

12. Uterine prolapse

13. classification of prolapse
• Shaws
• Malpas
• Jeffcoates
• Baden walker
• POP-Q

14. SHAWS

15. • POSITION OF 9 SITES ARE MEASURED IN
RELATION TO HYMEN IN CM.
• NEGATIVE NUMBER FOR PROXIMAL AND
POSITIVE NUMBER FOR DISTAL
• RECORDED IN GRID FORM.
POPQ- pelvic organ prolapse quantification

16. Differential diagnosis
INVERSION OF UTERUS
Fibroid polyp

17. How will you investigate?
• Baseline assessment- hemogram,urine routine
• urine culture and sensitivity.
• pap smear
• preoperative assessment

18. What is decubitus ulcer?
• venous stasis leads to tissue
anoxia in most dependant
position.
• vaginal packing with glycerine
acriflavine solution.
• pessary.

19. Management
• Aim is to restore normal anatomy, maintain visceral
function
• Reconstruction of normal supports
• Womens wish of retaining menstrual and
childbearing function will influence choice of
operation

20. Management
• Conservative
• Surgical
• weight reduction
• lifestyle modifications
• pelvic floor exercise
• vaginal pessary
• Reconstructive
• Obliterative procedure
• Hysterectomy
• Preservation of prolapsed uterus.

21. Pessary
• pregnancy and puerperium
• unfit for surgery
• waiting for surgery
• decubitus ulcer treatment
• pessary test

22. Reconstructive
• anterior colporrhaphy- cystocele
• posterior colporrhaphy-rectocele
• perineorrhaphy-gaped introitus
• Mac call culdoplasty- enterocoele
• sacrospinous fixation- vault prolapse

23. Obliterative procedure
• Le forts colpocleisis- elderly frail women not fit for
major surgery.

24. Hysterectomy
• women who have completed family not desirous of
future childbearing or menstrual functions
• associated uterine pathology like fibroid.
• not the corrective surgery for prolapse should be
accompanied by anatomical correction of defects.

25. Preservation of Prolapsed uterus
• FOTHERGILL/MANCHESTER
A. amputation of cervix
B. cardinal ligaments cut and
fixed anteriorly to cervix
C. anterior colporrhaphy
D. if required post
colpoperineorrhaphy
• SLING SURGERIES
[nulliparous prolapse]

26. Thank you