The document describes a study that evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin seed) extracts against diazepam-induced amnesia and ethanol-induced cognitive impairment in rodents. Rodents were administered ethanol or diazepam to induce impairment and then treated with aqueous or ethanolic C. pepo extracts. Their learning and memory was assessed using Morris water maze and 8-arm radial maze tests. The results showed that rodents treated with C. pepo extracts had significantly reduced transfer latency times and errors compared to the impairment-induced groups, suggesting the extracts improved learning and memory. Therefore, C. pepo may have potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases like
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
Antioxidant and-anticancer-activities-of-moringa-leavesSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Comparative Study of The Antioxidant Activities of Monodora Myristica And A. ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTOF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND WHEY...Anurag Raghuvanshi
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and whey powder (WP) was evaluated, their hepatoprotective effect of each alone or in combination (PPWP) at equal levels was also evaluated in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver injury.
The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Screening of immunomodulatory activity of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. whole plantiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Phytochemical composition and antiradical activity of Sakersia africana Hook....Open Access Research Paper
The valorization of the medicinal plants of our country and determination of their impact on health due to their abundance of substances with various pharmacological effects are our principal objective. This study was evaluated the phytochemical screening and radical 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of different extracts of Sakersia africana Hook. f.. The results revealed that Sakersia africana Hook. f. is rich in phenols compounds, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids and reducing compound. The values in total phenols and proanthocyanidines are ranging respectively from 391.58 ± 0.04 to 777 ± 0.03 mg/100 g of drugs and 113.5 ± 3.17 to 653.5 ± 36.83 mg/100 g of drugs. Results also show that different extracts tested present antiradical activity with values of IC50 ranging from 164.21± 0.014 to 195.54± 0.012 % and abundance in bioactive compounds. This study could justify the use of Sakersia africana of some chronic diseases.
Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant activity and molecular docking ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Background: Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its
fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the
plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves.
Methods: qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using
standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Subchronic
toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/
Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days.
Results: Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100
mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers
were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered.
Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum
Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl−
were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was
observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems
occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat),
Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control.
Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.
Conclusions: It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical
interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged
period of time.
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Extract of Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Bent...gynomark
Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Calycophyllum spruceanum bark. Methodology The ethanol-HCL and pylorus ligation induced models was selected using swiss albino mice and the animals were fasted overnight and then grouped as negative control (0.9% normal saline), standard (omeprazole 30mg/kg), test 1 (CSBE 100mg/kg) and test 2 (CSBE 200mg/kg). The ulcer score, ulcer index and percent ulcer inhibition were determined in ethanol/HCL model. The volume of gastric secretion, pH, total acidity, ulcer index and percent of ulcer inhibition was determined in pylorus ligation model. The ulcerogenic abrasions in the mucosal membrane were observed under a microscope (10X) and scored manually. Results The preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and coumarins. The bark extract was tolerable at dose of 2000mg/kg. The selected doses of the extracts of 100, 200mg/kg was shown the significant and dose dependent antiulcer activity in ethanol/HCL and pylorus-ligation models as 11.08 %, 32.59% and 28.29%, 37.03% respectively. The dose of 200mg/kg of CSBE was shown the superlative activity ((#p?0.001)) in both models. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the ethanolic extract of Calycophyllum spruceanum bark has a significant antiulcer activity. This activity might be due to presence of supportive phytochemical like flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids. and glycosides. Hence, further evaluation is needed to isolate and identify the specific constituents responsible for the activity.
Pharmcological screening of antidepressant activity of plant Tricholepis glab...gynomark
ABSTRACT
Tricholepis glaberrima (Asteraceae), popularly known as “Brahmdandi” has been used for the treatment of variety
of disease. The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of Tricholepis
glaberrima in rats. The study was undertaken to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of Tricholepis
glaberrima aerial parts using forced swimming test and tail suspension test models of depression. Imipramine has
been taken as a standard drug with a dose of 10mg/kg, Group-1(untreated), group-2 (standard) received
imipramine orally. Group 3, 4 and 5 received METG at the doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg respectively.
Methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima produced significant antidepressant like effect at the
dose of 600mg/kg in both models of FST and TST which indicated reduction in immobility time. The efficacy of
METG at 600mg/kg found to be comparable to that of standard drug Imipramine at 10mg/kg. The results of
present study indicated that methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima possesses significant
antidepressant activity compared to that of standard drug imipramine.
KEYWORDS: Tricholepis glaberrima, Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test, Methanolic extract of
Tricholepis glaberrima, Imipramine.
The mood changes are part of our daily life, when
reactions to these situations become extreme that leads to
clinical condition called depression and it is associated
with lots of morbidity. Hence, it is very important to
address these problems and find effective remedies. Thus
the antidepressant study of tricholepis glaberrima was
done on different groups of white albino rats at the doses
of (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg) by using forced
swimming test (fst) and tail suspension test (tst). Results
showed that the administration of the methanolic extract
of tricholepis glaberrima (metg) produced a decreased
immobility time of rats and at the dose of 600mg/kg
produced significant antidepressant like effect in both
FST and TST models of depression and their efficacies
were found to be comparable to Imipramine (10mg/kg).
The results concluded that the shortening of immobility
time in the (FST) and (TST) mainly depends on the
enhancement of central 5HT and catecholamine
neurotransmitters, these effects are thought to be due to
the presence of chemical constituents like, alkaloids,
flavonoids and glycosides. Hence Tricholepis glaberrima
aerial parts extract possesses antidepressant effect in
animal models of depression. Further investigations in
this line is essential to establish its other therapeutic
benefits.
Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Canthium dicoccum Ethanolic Extrac...gynomark
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum on
Gentamicin and Caliculi Producing Diet (CPD) induced urolithasis in rats.
Methods:
Thirty male albino wistarrats were divided randomly into six groups. Group I were treated with normal
saline, Group II were treated with Gentamicin for a period of 7 days, Group III treated with Cystone
(p.o), Group IV,V,VI was treated with plant extract 150, 300,600 mg/kg respectively for 14 days with
gentamicin treatment from day 7 to 14. All the animals were fed with caliculi Producing diet for entire
study period. Later, urine samples were collected at the end of the studyand analysed for renal function
parameters like Creatiinine, BUN, Serum Urea etc. The kidneys of the sacrificed animals were isolated
and sectioned for histopathological studies.
Results:
The rats treated with ethanolic extract of canthiumdicoccum at doses 150,300,600 mg/kg significantly
showed improved effect and prevented urolithasis in rats which is evident in the reduction of creatinine,
Urea and BUN levels when compared to gentamicin treated group. The histopathological studies also
showed less degenerative changes.It also decreased crystal deposition markedly into the renal tubules
in number as well as size and prevented damage to the renal tubules.
Conclusion:
The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract had significantly reduced the urolithiasis that was
caused by an CPD diet combined with gentamicine injection in rats.
Keywords: Gentamicin, Anti-Urolithiatic activity, Canthiumdicoccum, ethanol.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Chara Parpam in Ccl4 Induced RatsIOSR Journals
Siddha system of medicine provides most frequently and to the extent possible and promising therapy for the relief of signs and symptoms of liver disorder over the generations. Their high therapeutic quality and lack of toxicity are exceptional. The present experimental work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Chara Parpam by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Two doses of Chara Parpam (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were administered to rats. Protection of hepatocytes was evaluated by estimate the level of ALT, AST, ALP, serum bilirubin, total protein, serum albumin, sodium and potassium during the exposure of CCL4 on wistar albino rats and to evaluate the effect of different doses of Chara Parpam against hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4. Liver histology was performed 24 hours after the administration of trial drug Chara Parpam. The result indicated that the concentration of ALT, AST, and ALP, released by hepatocytes were significantly reduced in the presence of Chara Parpam. The cytoprotective effects of the Chara Parpam are dose-dependent. Through this work, we demonstrate for the first time the direct protection of liver cells by administration of Chara Parpam confirming its hepatoprotective properties.
Protective Effect of Musa paradisiaca Fruit.pdfgynomark
Abstract: Musa paradisiaca often refereed as Banana is an ancient herbaceous flowering plant and the most earlier crop to be cultivated. It is one the important component of diet for all classes of people worldwide. All the parts of the plant is believed to have beneficial effects in different ailments and an excellent nutritional element. The present study was aimed to find the protective effect of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract on acute pancreatitis in rats.
Male Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. Control group with normal saline; disease control group where acute pancreatitis was induced by using a single dose of L-arginine (2.5g/kg b.w); Musa paradisiacal fruit extract were prophylactically administered before the induction of acute pancreatitis at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w orally in normal saline for 7 days. At the end of the study, blood samples and isolated pancreas were subjected to different pancreatic, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker analysis. The remaining tissue was subjected to histopathological studies and DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the damage and protection of the tissues.
The results of the study revealed that prophylactic administration of the extracts reduced the amylase and lipase levels when compared to disease control group as well as improved the overall antioxidant status in a dose dependent manner. Further, the extracts also showed a protective effect against apoptosis.
In conclusion, the present study suggest that administration of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract exhibited a protective effect on acute pancreatitis and further investigation is required for its molecular based mechanisms.
Keywords: Musa paradisiacal, acute pancreatitis, free radicals, apoptosis.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTOF POMEGRANATE PEEL AND WHEY...Anurag Raghuvanshi
The antioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) and whey powder (WP) was evaluated, their hepatoprotective effect of each alone or in combination (PPWP) at equal levels was also evaluated in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver injury.
The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Whole Plant of Pulicaria W...IOSRJPBS
Natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver injury. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana in wistar rats. The studies were conducted using the two popular inducing agents Paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.) in 1% NaCMC and Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg). Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as reference drug in the respective models. The effect was estimated by measuring the enzymatic levels and histo- pathological studies. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Pulicaria wightiana has shown very significant hepatoprotection against both Paracetamol and CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity study models in wistar rats. This was evidenced by marked reduction in marker enzymes in serum. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective nature of the extract
Screening of immunomodulatory activity of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. whole plantiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Phytochemical composition and antiradical activity of Sakersia africana Hook....Open Access Research Paper
The valorization of the medicinal plants of our country and determination of their impact on health due to their abundance of substances with various pharmacological effects are our principal objective. This study was evaluated the phytochemical screening and radical 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of different extracts of Sakersia africana Hook. f.. The results revealed that Sakersia africana Hook. f. is rich in phenols compounds, sterols, triterpenes, alkaloids and reducing compound. The values in total phenols and proanthocyanidines are ranging respectively from 391.58 ± 0.04 to 777 ± 0.03 mg/100 g of drugs and 113.5 ± 3.17 to 653.5 ± 36.83 mg/100 g of drugs. Results also show that different extracts tested present antiradical activity with values of IC50 ranging from 164.21± 0.014 to 195.54± 0.012 % and abundance in bioactive compounds. This study could justify the use of Sakersia africana of some chronic diseases.
Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant activity and molecular docking ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Background: Dennentia tripetalla (Pepper Fruit) belongs to the Annonaceae family and is abundant in Nigeria. Its
fruit in folklore medicine is used for treatment of varying ailments. While ample research evidence exists on the
plants fruit and seed, no current study exists on the toxicological profile of the plant leaves.
Methods: qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out using
standard methods. The acute toxicity study indicates that the LD50 was higher than 2000 mg/Kg body weight. Subchronic
toxicity studies was carried out using five groups of rats. Group 1 served as control, 2–5 received 100 mg/
Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/Kg body weight orally for 28 days.
Results: Post-administration biochemical analysis indicates there was increased weight in rats administered 100
mg/kg and 200 mg/kg while it reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. Significant elevations of liver function markers
were reported for 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively. Serum and hepatic protein profiles remained unaltered.
Renal function analysis revealed elevated serum urea and creatinine for 200 and 500 mg/kg groups, elevated serum
Na+ and Ca+ and reduced serum Cl− for the 500 mg/Kg group. Elevated Kidney K+ and Ca+ levels, reduced Cl−
were significantly observed in 500 mg/Kg group. Significant rise in hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation was
observed in 200 and 500 mg/Kg groups. There were observed disarmament of the antioxidant defense systems
occasioned by rise and drop in tissue (hepatic, renal, testes, heart) Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (Cat),
Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the test groups relative to control.
Histopathological examination indicated architectural aberrations at 500 and 1000 mg/kg.
Conclusions: It concluded that the plant had significant phytochemical and antioxidant properties of medical
interest and possessed toxic properties in rats when administered at a dose above 200 mg/Kg over a prolonged
period of time.
Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Extract of Calycophyllum Spruceanum (Bent...gynomark
Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Calycophyllum spruceanum bark. Methodology The ethanol-HCL and pylorus ligation induced models was selected using swiss albino mice and the animals were fasted overnight and then grouped as negative control (0.9% normal saline), standard (omeprazole 30mg/kg), test 1 (CSBE 100mg/kg) and test 2 (CSBE 200mg/kg). The ulcer score, ulcer index and percent ulcer inhibition were determined in ethanol/HCL model. The volume of gastric secretion, pH, total acidity, ulcer index and percent of ulcer inhibition was determined in pylorus ligation model. The ulcerogenic abrasions in the mucosal membrane were observed under a microscope (10X) and scored manually. Results The preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and coumarins. The bark extract was tolerable at dose of 2000mg/kg. The selected doses of the extracts of 100, 200mg/kg was shown the significant and dose dependent antiulcer activity in ethanol/HCL and pylorus-ligation models as 11.08 %, 32.59% and 28.29%, 37.03% respectively. The dose of 200mg/kg of CSBE was shown the superlative activity ((#p?0.001)) in both models. Conclusion: It was concluded that, the ethanolic extract of Calycophyllum spruceanum bark has a significant antiulcer activity. This activity might be due to presence of supportive phytochemical like flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids. and glycosides. Hence, further evaluation is needed to isolate and identify the specific constituents responsible for the activity.
Pharmcological screening of antidepressant activity of plant Tricholepis glab...gynomark
ABSTRACT
Tricholepis glaberrima (Asteraceae), popularly known as “Brahmdandi” has been used for the treatment of variety
of disease. The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of Tricholepis
glaberrima in rats. The study was undertaken to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of Tricholepis
glaberrima aerial parts using forced swimming test and tail suspension test models of depression. Imipramine has
been taken as a standard drug with a dose of 10mg/kg, Group-1(untreated), group-2 (standard) received
imipramine orally. Group 3, 4 and 5 received METG at the doses of 200, 400 and 600mg/kg respectively.
Methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima produced significant antidepressant like effect at the
dose of 600mg/kg in both models of FST and TST which indicated reduction in immobility time. The efficacy of
METG at 600mg/kg found to be comparable to that of standard drug Imipramine at 10mg/kg. The results of
present study indicated that methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tricholepis glaberrima possesses significant
antidepressant activity compared to that of standard drug imipramine.
KEYWORDS: Tricholepis glaberrima, Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test, Methanolic extract of
Tricholepis glaberrima, Imipramine.
The mood changes are part of our daily life, when
reactions to these situations become extreme that leads to
clinical condition called depression and it is associated
with lots of morbidity. Hence, it is very important to
address these problems and find effective remedies. Thus
the antidepressant study of tricholepis glaberrima was
done on different groups of white albino rats at the doses
of (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg) by using forced
swimming test (fst) and tail suspension test (tst). Results
showed that the administration of the methanolic extract
of tricholepis glaberrima (metg) produced a decreased
immobility time of rats and at the dose of 600mg/kg
produced significant antidepressant like effect in both
FST and TST models of depression and their efficacies
were found to be comparable to Imipramine (10mg/kg).
The results concluded that the shortening of immobility
time in the (FST) and (TST) mainly depends on the
enhancement of central 5HT and catecholamine
neurotransmitters, these effects are thought to be due to
the presence of chemical constituents like, alkaloids,
flavonoids and glycosides. Hence Tricholepis glaberrima
aerial parts extract possesses antidepressant effect in
animal models of depression. Further investigations in
this line is essential to establish its other therapeutic
benefits.
Evaluation of Antiurolithiatic Activity of Canthium dicoccum Ethanolic Extrac...gynomark
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Canthium dicoccum on
Gentamicin and Caliculi Producing Diet (CPD) induced urolithasis in rats.
Methods:
Thirty male albino wistarrats were divided randomly into six groups. Group I were treated with normal
saline, Group II were treated with Gentamicin for a period of 7 days, Group III treated with Cystone
(p.o), Group IV,V,VI was treated with plant extract 150, 300,600 mg/kg respectively for 14 days with
gentamicin treatment from day 7 to 14. All the animals were fed with caliculi Producing diet for entire
study period. Later, urine samples were collected at the end of the studyand analysed for renal function
parameters like Creatiinine, BUN, Serum Urea etc. The kidneys of the sacrificed animals were isolated
and sectioned for histopathological studies.
Results:
The rats treated with ethanolic extract of canthiumdicoccum at doses 150,300,600 mg/kg significantly
showed improved effect and prevented urolithasis in rats which is evident in the reduction of creatinine,
Urea and BUN levels when compared to gentamicin treated group. The histopathological studies also
showed less degenerative changes.It also decreased crystal deposition markedly into the renal tubules
in number as well as size and prevented damage to the renal tubules.
Conclusion:
The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract had significantly reduced the urolithiasis that was
caused by an CPD diet combined with gentamicine injection in rats.
Keywords: Gentamicin, Anti-Urolithiatic activity, Canthiumdicoccum, ethanol.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Chara Parpam in Ccl4 Induced RatsIOSR Journals
Siddha system of medicine provides most frequently and to the extent possible and promising therapy for the relief of signs and symptoms of liver disorder over the generations. Their high therapeutic quality and lack of toxicity are exceptional. The present experimental work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Chara Parpam by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Two doses of Chara Parpam (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) were administered to rats. Protection of hepatocytes was evaluated by estimate the level of ALT, AST, ALP, serum bilirubin, total protein, serum albumin, sodium and potassium during the exposure of CCL4 on wistar albino rats and to evaluate the effect of different doses of Chara Parpam against hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4. Liver histology was performed 24 hours after the administration of trial drug Chara Parpam. The result indicated that the concentration of ALT, AST, and ALP, released by hepatocytes were significantly reduced in the presence of Chara Parpam. The cytoprotective effects of the Chara Parpam are dose-dependent. Through this work, we demonstrate for the first time the direct protection of liver cells by administration of Chara Parpam confirming its hepatoprotective properties.
Protective Effect of Musa paradisiaca Fruit.pdfgynomark
Abstract: Musa paradisiaca often refereed as Banana is an ancient herbaceous flowering plant and the most earlier crop to be cultivated. It is one the important component of diet for all classes of people worldwide. All the parts of the plant is believed to have beneficial effects in different ailments and an excellent nutritional element. The present study was aimed to find the protective effect of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract on acute pancreatitis in rats.
Male Sprague dawley rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups. Control group with normal saline; disease control group where acute pancreatitis was induced by using a single dose of L-arginine (2.5g/kg b.w); Musa paradisiacal fruit extract were prophylactically administered before the induction of acute pancreatitis at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w orally in normal saline for 7 days. At the end of the study, blood samples and isolated pancreas were subjected to different pancreatic, antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker analysis. The remaining tissue was subjected to histopathological studies and DNA fragmentation assay for assessing the damage and protection of the tissues.
The results of the study revealed that prophylactic administration of the extracts reduced the amylase and lipase levels when compared to disease control group as well as improved the overall antioxidant status in a dose dependent manner. Further, the extracts also showed a protective effect against apoptosis.
In conclusion, the present study suggest that administration of Musa paradisiacal fruit extract exhibited a protective effect on acute pancreatitis and further investigation is required for its molecular based mechanisms.
Keywords: Musa paradisiacal, acute pancreatitis, free radicals, apoptosis.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
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PROJECT Presentation.pptx
1. NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CUCURBITA PEPO AGAINST
DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA AND ETHANOL INDUCED COGNITIVE
IMPAIRMENT IN RODENTS
B. VARA LAKSHMI (REG. NO. Y16BPH203006)
M. VENUSREE (REG. NO. Y16BPH203048)
P.H.S. VENKATESWAR (REG. NO. Y16BPH203053)
P. JAHNAVI (REG. NO. Y16BPH203056)
T. VIJAYA LAKSHMI (REG. NO Y16BPH203080)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MRS.KAKUNURI .LAKSHMI M. PHARM.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.
2. ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: - The objective of this study was to identify the potential of Cucurbita pepo as protective and
therapeutic agent against alzheimer’s disease.
METHODS:-The learning and memory enhancing activity of Cucurbita pepo seed extract were investigated in rats
by using the ethanol induced cognitive impairment and diazepam induced amnesia and its effects on learning and
memory were examined by using Morris water maze (MWM) test and 8-radial arm maze (8-RAM) test.
RESULTS: - For Morris water maze test all groups showed significantly (P value is < 0.01 & < 0.05) decreases
transfer latency time at all periods as compared to ethanol and diazepam inducing group & for radial arm maze test all
groups showed significantly (P value is< 0.0001& < 0.001) decreased in the time taken to reach the paired arm and
number of entries in baited arm and non-baited arm as compared to ethanol inducing group. Therefore seed extracts of
Cucurbita pepo exhibited significantly learning and memory activity in Alzeimer’s disease.
CONCLUSION: - The present study suggests Cucurbita pepo that modifies the oxidative stress and is involved in
the protective effect against oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disease in rat.
KEY WORDS:
Cucurbita pepo, learning and memory activity, morris water maze, radial arm maze and alzeimer’s disease.
3. INTRODUCTION
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (NDs):
NDs are characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of neurons in selective regions of the brain. In afflicted
individuals, symptoms typically manifest as memory loss, anxiety, and depression, which evolve to severe motor
dysfunction, profound cognitive deterioration, and loss of independent function. The risk of developing a ND rises sharply
with age; the number of people with a neurodegenerative disease is low at younger ages, but the prevalence of people
suffering from neurodegeneration doubles every 5 years after age 65.3 AD, the most common form of NDs, currently affects
about 10 percent of the population over age 65 and 47 percent of adults aged over 85 years. NDs typically involve a slow
decline in human function that results in an eventual need for constant care and assistance with the most basic activities of
daily life, consequently generating a substantial social and financial burden.(1)
EXAMPLES OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (NDS):
Alzheimer’s disease (AD),
Parkinson’s disease (PD),
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
Huntington’s disease, and
Friedreich’s ataxia,
They are devastating age-related conditions that have become one of the primary public health concerns of recent decades. (1)
5. PLAN OF WORK
COLLECTION OF CUCURBITA PEPO
POWDERED
SUBECTED TO EXTRACTION WITH POLAR AND NON POLAR SOLVENTS USING SOXHELT APPARATUS
DRYING
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
LEARNING AND MEMORY ACTIVTY IN RATS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE BY CUCURBITA PEPO L. SEED EXTRACT
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6. LITERATURE REWEIW
Frederickb et.al, Chemical examination of pumpkin seed’ Chemical technology and analysis of oils, fats and waxes,
Vol11, 3rd edit., January 13, 1910.509.
R. pearlet.al, A study of the effects of Cucurbita pepo seeds on kidney excretion, Vol8, February4, 1922,192.
Carlskottsbergsgata et.al, Structure of Proto chlorophyll containing Plastids in the Inner Seed Coat of Pumpkin Seeds
{Cucurbita pepo)., 22, Goteborg,17 April, 1979.
D. C. Joshi et. Al, Physical properties of pumpkin seeds, C. Z. Nkosi et. al, Phytother, Res. 20, 25th April 2006,935-
940, J.agric,Engng Res. (1993) 54,19, November 1991,219-229.
C. Z. Nkosi et. al,Antioxidative Effects of Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo) Protein Isolate in CCl4- Induced Liver
Injury in Low-Protein Fed Rat, Phytother, Res. 20, 25th April 2006,935-940.
David G,et. al; Oil and Tocopherol Content and Composition of Pumpkin Seed Oil in 12 Cultivars,J. Agric, Food
Chem., Vol. 55,2007, No. 10.
7. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM:
To evaluate the pharmacological screening of Cucurbita pepo seed extracts against neurodegenerative disorders in
rodents.
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of present study are:
1. To carry out the polarity based Cucurbita pepo seed extraction using different solvents.
2. To carry out the preliminary phytochemical analysis of Cucurbita pepo seed extracts.
3. To screen the Cucurbita pepo seed extracts against ethanol- induced cognitive impairment and
diazepam induced amnesia (Morris water maze) and ethanol- induced cognitive impairment [8-
Arm radial maze (8-RAM)].
8. MATERIALS AND METHODS
DRUGS AND CHEMICALS:
For learning and memory activity in Alzheimer's disease:
Inducing agents -Ethanol - 60% (Ethanol was prepared as a 60% solution in distilled water and administered i.v at a
dose of 2.5 mg/ kg),
-Diazepam- was diluted in normal saline and administered i.v at a dose of (1 mg/kg).
-Ethanol- 20% (Ethanol was prepared as a 20% solution in sterile normal saline and administered subcutaneously at a
dose of 4.5 mg/ kg),
Standard drug- Donepezil hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg, p.o)
9. FIGURE - 5: Selection of methods for learning and memory activity
10. MATERIALS AND METHODS
INVESTIGATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ACTIVITY IN ALZHEIMER’S MODEL BY USING
MORRIS WATER MAZE (MWM)
A. MORRIS WATER MAZE (MWM):
Evaluation parameters:
Transfer latency in sec
11. B. ETHANOL- INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: (26)
Selection of dose and treatment period:
The learning and memory enhancing activity of the aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of cucurbita pepo was
investigated using the ethanol- induced cognitive impairment [Ethanol (60%) is used to induce dementia like
condition in the dose 2.5 mg/kg administered i.p for 15 days). (25) The test animals were randomly chosen and divided
into four groups having five rats in each as follows:
Group I: Inducing Group- Ethanol (2.5 mg/kg was administered i.p for 15 days).
Group II: Standard Group -Donepezil hydrochloride(26) (2.5 mg/kg was administered orally for 15days) + Ethanol.
Group III: Test-I -Aqueous seed extract of cucurbita pepo [CPAE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 15days) +
Ethanol.
Group IV: Test -II -Ethanolic seed extract of cucurbita pepo [CPEE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 15 days)
+ Ethanol.
12. C DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA:
SELECTION OF DOSE AND TREATMENT PERIOD:
The learning and memory enhancing activity of the aqueous and Ethanolic seed extracts of cucurbita pepo was
investigated using the [Diazepam is used to induce amnesia like condition in the dose 1 mg/kg administered i.p for 8
days).(27) The test animals were randomly chosen and divided into four groups having five rats in each as follows:
Group I: Inducing Group-Diazepam (1mg/kg was administered i.p for 8 days).
Group II: Standard Group-Donepezil hydrochloride (26) (2.5 mg/kg was administered orally for 8days).
Group III: Test-I- Aqueous seed extract of cucurbita pepo[CPAE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 8days).
Group IV: Test –II- Ethanolic seed extract of cucurbita pepo [CPEE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 8 days).
13. INVESTIGATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ACTIVITY IN ALZHEIMER’S MODEL BY USING 8-
ARM RADIAL MAZE (8-ARM/8-RAM)
14. B. RADIAL ARM MAZE:
Evaluation parameters:
No. of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms.
Time taken to reach the paired arm.
15. C. ETHANOL- INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: (26)
Selection of dose and treatment period:
The learning and memory enhancing activity of the aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of cucurbita pepo was
investigated using the ethanol- induced cognitive impairment [Ethanol (20%) is used to induce dementia like
condition in the dose 4.5 mg/kg administered s.c for 21 days) (26).The test animals were randomly chosen and divided
into four groups having five rats in each as follows:
Group I: Inducing Group-Ethanol (4.5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously for 21 days).
Group II: Standard Group -Donepezil hydrochloride (26) (2.5 mg/kg was administered orally for 21 days) + Ethanol.
Group III: Test-I -Aqueous seed extract of cucurbita pepo[CPAE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 21 days) +
Ethanol.
Group IV: Test -II -Ethanolic seed extract of cucurbita pepo [CPEE- 100mg/kg was administered orally for 21 days)
+ Ethanol.
All the treatment group animals received respective control, standard and test treatment 30 minutes prior to the
ethanol administration for 21 days of experimental period.
16. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The values are expressed as mean± SEM. The statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance
(ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Comparisons were made between haloperidol group and
test/standard groups. P-values <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis was done by using
Graph pad prism version no: 6.0.
18. EFFECT OF SEED EXTRACTS OF Cucurbita pepo ON BEHAVIOURAL PARAMETERS i.e. MWM:
Animals treated with ethanol [2.5 mg/kg] alone for15 days showed a increase in transfer latency in seconds on 1st,7th& 15th days as well as
diazepam [1mg/kg] alone for 8 days showed a increase in transfer latency in seconds on 8th day & after 24 hrs i.e. 9th days.
TABLE NO.3: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on transfer latency (ethanol- induced cognitive impairment)
S.N
o.
Group Treatment
Transfer latency (In seconds)
1st
DAY 7th
DAY 15th
DAY
1. I Ethanol
24.2±2.3
5
27.6±3.89 27.8±4.04
2. II
Standard+eth
anol
5.6±1.46 4.6±1.20 2.6±0.67
3. III
CPAE+
ethanol
9.2±0.58 9.2±2.31 4.8±0.86
4. IV
CPEE+
ethanol
5.8±1.62 4.4±1.54 2.6±0.75
19. FIGURE-8: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on ethanol- induced cognitive impairment. Values are
expressed as Mean ± SEM, P < 0.01 vs. control (n = 5 animals).
20. TABLE NO.4: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on transfer latency (diazepam induced amnesia)
S.N
o.
Group Treatment
Transfer latency (In
seconds)
8TH
DAY
After 24 hours
(i.e.9TH
DAY)
1. I Diazepam 26.2±3.89 23±3.38
2. II
Standard+
diazepam
4.4±0.81 2.0±0.32
3. III
CPAE+
diazepam
9.6±2.40 6.6±1.12
4. IV
CPEE+
diazepam
5.6±0.40 2.2±0.80
21. FIGURE-9: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on diazepam induced amnesia. Values are expressed as Mean ±
SEM, P < 0.007 vs. control (n = 5 animals).
22. EFFECT OF SEED EXTRACTS OF Cucurbita pepo ON BEHAVIOURAL PARAMETERS i.e. 8-RAM:
Animals treated with ethanol [4.5 mg/kg] alone for 21 days showed an increase in time taken to reach paired arm & number
of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms in 1st,7th , 15th & 21 st days.
TABLE NO.5: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on time taken to reach paired arm (ethanol- induced cognitive
impairment)
S.N
o.
Gro
up
Treatment Time Taken to reach Paired arm (Sec)
1st
day 7th
day 14th
day 21st
day
1 I Ethanol
144.4±3.
66
134.2±3.
69
120.2±2
.65
103.2±2.98
2 II
Standard+eth
anol
76.2±0.9
6
66.6±1.9
8
57.8±0.
86
48.4±2.08
3 III
CPAE+
ethanol
121.2±5.
58
112.4±5.
97
98.2±2.
47
92.0±3.33
4 IV
CPEE+
ethanol
99.0±1.3
0
90.0±3.7
0
83.2±4.
54
69.2±2.95
23. FIGURE-10: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on Time taken to reach Paired arm. Values are expressed as
Mean ± SEM, P< 0.0001 vs. control (n = 5 animals).
24. TABLE NO.6: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on number of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms
(ethanol- induced cognitive impairment)
Gro
up
Treatment
Number of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms
B.A
N.B.
A
B.A
N.B.
A
B.A
N.B.
A
B.A N.B.A
I Ethanol
1.4±0.2
4
1.2±0.2
0
1.2±0.2
0
1.6±0.2
4
1.0±0.31 1.4±0.4
0.6±0.2
4
0.6±0.24
II
Standard+eth
anol
3.8±0.3
7
3.4±0.2
4
3.2±0.3
7
2.2±0.5
8
5.8±0.37
8.8±0.3
7
9.4±0.5
0
11.8±1.9
3
III
CPAE+
ethanol
2.2±0.3
7
2.4±0.4
0
2.6±0.2
4
4.4±0.5
0
5.4±0.50
6.8±0.8
0
5.8±1.0
2
6.2±0.96
IV
CPEE+
ethanol
6.4±0.5
0
7.0±1.3
0
7.0±1.3
0
11.0±0.
89
10.4±0.9
2
9.0±1.0
4
8.8±1.1
6 c
25. FIGURE-18: Effect of seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo on number of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms. Values are
expressed as Mean ± SEM, P < 0.0001 vs. control (n = 5 animals).
26. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
In the present investigation, Cucurbita pepo posses the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, sterols and
proteins
Cucurbita pepo showed cholinesterase inhibitor mechanism at an effective dose of 100 mg/kg against ethanol- induced
cognitive impairment & diazepam induced amnesia in rats.
Cucurbita pepo ethanolic extract showed comparatively significant effect exerted to standard drug donepezil hydrochloride
in the finding of transfer latency in sec (i.e. learning and memory activity). Transfer latency was recorded after administration
of ethanol & diazepam at different days and graphs were ploted according to the results obtained. This effect is attributed to
its ability to improve the levels of the acetylcholine that are decreased in the Alzheimer’s disease.
Cucurbita pepo showed cholinesterase inhibitor mechanism at an effective dose of 100 mg/kg against ethanol- induced
cognitive impairment.
Cucurbita pepo ethanolic extract showed comparatively significant effect exerted to standard drug donepezil hydrochloride
in the finding of time taken to reach paired arm (sec) & number of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms (i.e. learning
and memory activity). Time taken to reach paired arm (sec) & number of entries in baited arms and non-baited arms was
recorded after administration of ethanol at different days and graphs were ploted according to the results obtained.
Therefore finally suggests ethanolic extract of Cucurbita pepo show same effects exerted to the standard drugs.
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