Programming Concepts
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The document is a tutorial on programming concepts including selection, iteration, data structures, and functions. It covers if/else statements and switch statements for selection, for loops for iteration. It discusses structs and arrays as data structures, and includes an introduction to functions using the main function in C++ programs.
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Formats the current document according to the indentation and code formatting settings specified on the Formatting pane under Tools | Options | Text Editor | C#. (CTRL + K + D)
Intellisense
Displays the available options on the smart tag menu. (CTRL + K + I)
Causes a visible completion list to become transparent. (CTRL)
Debugging
Conditional Debug
Launch in Debug Mode (F5)
Launch without Debug Mode (CTRL + F5)
Sets or removes a breakpoint at the current line (F9)
To Remove all breakpoints (CTRL + SHIFT + F9)
Navigation
Displays a list of all references for the symbol selected (CTRL + K + R)
Moves the cursor location to the matching brace in the source file (CTRL + ])
Navigates to the declaration for the selected symbol in code (F12)
Moves to the previously browsed line of code (CTRL + -)
Displays the selected item in Code view of the editor (F7)
Switches to Design view for the current document. Available only in Source view (SHIFT + F7)
Switches to Source view for the current document. Available only in Design view (SHIFT + F7)
Displays the Quick tab of the Find and Replace dialog box (CTRL + F)
Displays the Go To Line dialog box (CTRL + G)
Do not store large objects in session. Storing large objects in session may consume lot of server memory depending on the number of u
Data structure
The document provides an overview of data structures and algorithms. It discusses key topics like:
1) Different types of data structures including primitive, linear, non-linear, and arrays.
2) The importance of algorithms and how to write them using steps, comments, variables, and control structures.
3) Common operations on data structures like insertion, deletion, searching, and sorting.
4) Different looping and selection statements that can be used in algorithms like for, while, and if-then-else.
5) How arrays can be used as a structure to store multiple values in a contiguous block of memory.
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and di.pdf
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and digits. Identifiers are the same
as variables.
Use descriptive n Use single letters only for the counter in loops.
Variable names start with lower-case
Multi-word identifiers are internally capitalized
Do not use hyphens or underscores to separate multi-word identifiers.
Need to print extra characters?
What about the unicode set?
This is the format: \\uHHHH
Remember any other escape characters such as \ , \\t and \\\\?
The following lists some of these conventions based on the type of identifier:
Class name
The first letter of each word is capitalized, examples:
Mammal, SeaMammal
Function name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
getAge, setHeight
Variable name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
age, brainSize
Constant names
Every letter is capitalized and underscores are used between words, examples:
MAX_HEIGHT, MAX_AGE
RESERVED WORDS
As you may have noticed, many of Java\'s keywords are borrowed from C/C++. Also, as in
C/C++, keywords are always written in lowercase.
Data declaration keywords (boolean, float, int)
Loop keywords (continue, while, for)
Conditional keywords (if, else, switch)
Exception keywords (try, throw, catch)
Structure keywords (class, extends)
Modifier and access keywords (private, public)
Miscellaneous keywords (true, null)
The following keywords and their use, you SHOULD know.
boolean default for private switch
break double if protected this
case else import public throws
catch extends int return try
char final new static void
class float package super while
VARIABLE SCOPE
Where is it appropriate to declare a variable? Does it make a difference?
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES
int (16-bit)
float (32-bit)
double (64-bit
boolean (true/false)
char (16-bit unicode)
What about String?
What about Integer, and Double?
OBJECTS
Why object oriented programming?
Objects need to be built, so we need constructors.
Instance variables and the role they play when defining objects.
What about methods of an object?
ARRAYS
int[] array = new int[5]; // one-dimensional array
it may also be declared as:
int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // it is initialized and declared at the same time.
Arrays can be of any primitive data type or object. Arrays have an instance variable \"length\"
that we can access to find out how big the array is. Remember that an Array can throw an
IndexOutOfBoundsException. Make use of it to make your code safe.
VECTORS
Must import java.util.*;
Unlike arrays, vectors can only hold objects, no primitive data types are allowed. Vectors can
grow big and unbounded. You may want to specify the capacity of the vector but you dont need
to. The default capacity is 10 and it doubles in size every time the capacity is reached.
Just like arrays have the \"length\" instance variable, Vectors have a .size() method that returns
the current size of the vector.
void .addElement(Object obj)
void .setElementA.
Python Tutorial Part 1
This document provides an agenda and overview for a Python tutorial presented over multiple sessions. The first session introduces Python and demonstrates how to use the Python interpreter. The second session covers basic Python data structures like lists, modules, input/output, and exceptions. An optional third session discusses unit testing. The document explains that Python is an easy to learn yet powerful programming language that supports object-oriented programming and high-level data structures in an interpreted, dynamic environment.
Apex code (Salesforce)
Chapter 1 : Orientation
Chapter 2: Apex Language Fundamentals
Chapter 3: Apex in Context
Code exists inside the sildes
https://app.box.com/s/t07nw27bn0arho3a0ycx
CSharp for Unity Day 3
Advanced Techniques:
+ Property
+ Indexer
+ Regular Expression
+ Reflection
+ Attribute
+ Garbage Collector
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JAVA.pptx
The document discusses different types of control structures in Java programming. There are three main types: conditional branches like if/else and switch statements; loops like for, while, and do-while to repeatedly run code; and branching statements like break and continue to alter loop flow. Specific examples are provided to illustrate if/else statements, the ternary operator, switch cases, and using break and continue in loops.
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Programming Concepts
- 2. INTRODUCTION • In this presentation I will be explaining the very basics of programming and will include the following programming concepts in my presentation: SELECTION ITERATION DATA STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS, PARAMETERS AND/OR RETURN VALUES
- 3. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 1 (SELECTION) IF ELSE STATEMENTS • An if statements can be used conjunctively with if else statements. • When the Boolean expression of an if statement is false, the if else statement will be executed. • Else if statements are incredibly useful when testing a number of conditions. • Else statements are use when none of the other conditions are true.
- 4. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 1 (SELECTION)
- 5. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 1 (SELECTION CONTINUED) SWITCH STATEMENTS • These are very similar to if statements, only it has many more conditions. • Switch statements tend to run faster than if statements. • They can be used with any numerical data type for example, char and int but not with text data types such as string.
- 6. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 1 (SELECTION CONTINUED)
- 7. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 2 (ITERATION) • The ultimate use of a loop is to repeat a block of code and is one of the most useful tasks in programming. • There are different types of loops, FOR loops are the most useful as they are an easy way of creating loops when the number of iterations are known.
- 8. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 3 (DATA STRUCTURE) • When including structures we must use the struct keyword followed by the structure name. • The curly brackets after struct will declare the things that are contained within the structure. • Struct is only a definition for what the structure will look like and so you have to declare a structure in memory of the student type. We will call it stud. • In order to access the structure name and the sub item a „.‟ must be used between the two.
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- 10. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 4 • We use the code “#include <iostream>” which will allow us to print words on the screen. • The code “using namespace std;” will allow you to enter lines of code without having to write out the full code. • “int main() { }” The curly brackets show where the main function starts and ends. Every program must include a main function and the word „int‟ is to give an indication as to what the return value will be.
- 11. TUTORIAL LESSON – PART 4