Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 13th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by David E. Mosher, Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Professional Services Council’s 2016 Vision Federal Market Forecast Conference.
Pressure on the Department of Defense’s budget in future years will come from external fiscal constraints as well as growth within the department in the costs of weapon systems, manpower, and operation and maintenance. Given those fiscal constraints, if those causes of growth are not addressed, DoD will have to reduce forces, the number of weapons it buys, or operations and readiness.
On April 26, 2016, CBO Director Keith Hall discussed CBO’s role in the Congressional budget process and its recent economic and budget projections with members of American University’s Department of Economics.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
Presentation by Jim Langley, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, National Farmers Union, and the American Farm Bureau Federation.
The 2014 Farm Bill will expire in 2018. This presentation reviews CBO’s August 2016 agriculture baseline, including spending outlook and program participation projections, in anticipation of the next farm bill debate. The focus is on issues which could affect spending on commodity, conservation, and crop insurance programs.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, to the National Association for Business Economics.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—thereby encouraging greater participation in the labor force by reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Forecasters Club of New York.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, to the American Academy of Actuaries.
In fiscal year 2016, the federal budget deficit increased, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. In those projections, federal debt held by the public rises to 141 percent of GDP in 2046.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Peter G. Peterson Foundation’s 2016 Fiscal Summit.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to CBO’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
On April 12, 2016, CBO Deputy Director Robert Sunshine presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of OECD Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
The OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) defines fiscal transparency as the full disclosure of all relevant fiscal information in a timely and systematic manner. Each year, CBO produces numerous products that provide such information to the Congress, and through its website, to other interested parties and the general public. This presentation describes several of those products.
Presentation by David E. Mosher, Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Professional Services Council’s 2016 Vision Federal Market Forecast Conference.
Pressure on the Department of Defense’s budget in future years will come from external fiscal constraints as well as growth within the department in the costs of weapon systems, manpower, and operation and maintenance. Given those fiscal constraints, if those causes of growth are not addressed, DoD will have to reduce forces, the number of weapons it buys, or operations and readiness.
On April 26, 2016, CBO Director Keith Hall discussed CBO’s role in the Congressional budget process and its recent economic and budget projections with members of American University’s Department of Economics.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
Presentation by Jim Langley, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, to the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, National Farmers Union, and the American Farm Bureau Federation.
The 2014 Farm Bill will expire in 2018. This presentation reviews CBO’s August 2016 agriculture baseline, including spending outlook and program participation projections, in anticipation of the next farm bill debate. The focus is on issues which could affect spending on commodity, conservation, and crop insurance programs.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, to the National Association for Business Economics.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
CBO anticipates that the economy will expand solidly this year and next. Increases in demand for goods and services are expected to reduce the quantity of underused labor and capital, or “slack,” in the economy—thereby encouraging greater participation in the labor force by reducing the unemployment rate and pushing up compensation. That reduction in slack will also push up inflation and interest rates. Over the following years, CBO projects, output will grow at a more modest pace, constrained by relatively slow growth in the nation’s supply of labor. Nevertheless, in those later years, output is anticipated to grow more quickly than it has during the past decade.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Forecasters Club of New York.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, to the American Academy of Actuaries.
In fiscal year 2016, the federal budget deficit increased, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to the Congressional Budget Office’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. In those projections, federal debt held by the public rises to 141 percent of GDP in 2046.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Peter G. Peterson Foundation’s 2016 Fiscal Summit.
In 2016, the federal budget deficit will increase, in relation to the size of the economy, for the first time since 2009, according to CBO’s estimates. If current laws generally remained unchanged, the deficit would grow over the next 10 years, and by 2026 it would be considerably larger than its average over the past 50 years, CBO projects. Debt held by the public would also grow significantly from its already high level.
To analyze the state of the budget in the long term, CBO has extrapolated its 10-year baseline projections an additional two decades. If current laws governing taxes and spending remain in place, the outlook for the budget would steadily worsen over the long term, with revenues falling well short of spending. CBO is in the process of completing a detailed update of its long-term projections; but in January the agency did a simplified update. On that basis, budget deficits are projected to rise steadily and federal debt held by the public is projected to exceed 130 percent of GDP by 2040.
To put the federal budget on a sustainable path for the long term, lawmakers would have to make major changes to tax policies, spending policies, or both – by reducing spending for large benefit programs below the projected amounts, letting revenues rise more than they would under current law, or adopting some combination of those approaches. The size of such changes would depend on the amount of federal debt that lawmakers considered appropriate.
On April 12, 2016, CBO Deputy Director Robert Sunshine presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of OECD Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
The OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) defines fiscal transparency as the full disclosure of all relevant fiscal information in a timely and systematic manner. Each year, CBO produces numerous products that provide such information to the Congress, and through its website, to other interested parties and the general public. This presentation describes several of those products.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, to the Manpower Roundtable.
If the Congress rejects certain cost-saving proposals of the Administration that it has not accepted in the past, and if costs for weapon systems continue to rise as they have in the past, funding required to implement the Administration’s plans for the Department of Defense would exceed the funding caps set by the Budget Control Act of 2011 by $162 billion (in 2016 dollars) over the 2017–2020 period.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, Chief of the Long-Term Analysis Unit in CBO’s Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, to the Social Security Advisory Board.
Both CBO and the Social Security Trustees project a shortfall in Social Security’s finances, but they differ in their assessment of its magnitude. This presentation describes that difference and the major factors that contribute to it.
In 2010, more than 70 percent of families directly owned capital assets that had a combined worth of $50 trillion. In that year, taxpayers reported net long-term gains and net long-term losses that totaled $123 billion from the sale of those types of assets.
In this report, CBO and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation examine the distribution of capital assets and net capital gains and losses in 2010 by type of asset and by the income and age of the asset holder.
Presentation by Megan Carroll, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Budget Formulation and Execution Line of Business’s Fall Forum.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation makes key points related to CBO’ cost estimates for proposed legislation and how they relate to budget enforcement procedures.
Presentation by Maureen Costantino, Visual Information and Publications Specialist in CBO's Management, Business, and Information Services Division, at the VisCom 2016 Conference.
This presentation provides an overview of the visual communications initiative at CBO. Highlighting the development, evolution, best practices, and examples of graphics products, its purpose is to educate those interested in developing such a program for their own workplace.
For its baseline budget projections, CBO estimates the revenue effects of enacted legislation that changed the amount of funding for tax enforcement. Similarly, CBO’s annual analysis of the President’s budget includes its estimates of the revenue effects of the Administration’s proposals to change such funding. (But CBO does not estimate the changes in revenue from proposals to amend the tax code; those estimates are the responsibility of the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation.)
However, for legislation being considered by the Congress, CBO does not include projections of additional receipts from proposed increases in funding for tax enforcement in its estimates of the budgetary effects that are used for budget enforcement purposes. That approach follows the budget scorekeeping guidelines specified in the conference report for the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.
These slides describe the circumstances under which CBO estimates the revenue effects of changes in funding for tax enforcement and the factors that affect those estimates. They were the basis for a presentation by Janet Holtzblatt, a unit chief in CBO's Tax Analysis Division, at the sixth annual Internal Revenue Service-Tax Policy Center Joint Research Conference on Tax Administration.
Presentation by Philip Ellis, CBO’s Deputy Assistant Director for Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis, to staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
This presentation describes CBO’s general approach to policy analysis and its role in supporting the Congress; summarizes several elements of the agency’s projections of health care spending; and reviews examples of policy proposals and approaches affecting health care that CBO has analyzed recently.
Presentation by Maureen Costantino, Visual Information and Publications Specialist in CBO's Management, Business, and Information Services Division, at the Fourth Annual Global Network of Parliamentary Budget Officers Assembly.
This presentation provides an overview of the visual communications initiatives at CBO. It illustrates the evolution of graphics products at the agency, and some of the best practices that it has adopted for those products.
Presentation by Deborah Kilroe, Associate Director for Communications at CBO, at the Fourth Annual Global Network of Parliamentary Budget Officers Assembly.
CBO continually strives to make its work more accessible on its website and social media platforms. This presentation provides an overview of the significant innovations that CBO has implemented in recent years to enhance the online presentation and accessibility of the agency’s work.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Seminar on Forecasting at George Washington University.
Under current law, CBO projects that economic activity will expand at a modest pace this year and then grow more slowly in subsequent years.
Presentation by Xiaotong Niu, an analyst in CBO's Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, at the Biennial Conference of the American Society of Health Economists.
The consequences of any change to Medicare for different socioeconomic groups depend on the distribution of taxes paid to and benefits received from the current system by each group. However, only a few studies have estimated that distribution, and they offer conflicting views. This presentation describes an analysis of the distribution of Medicare taxes and spending using a unique dataset with information on beneficiaries’ lifetime earnings and Medicare spending. The dataset includes more recent cohorts of beneficiaries than earlier studies, and the distribution of Medicare taxes and spending is projected based on demographic and economic projections from CBO’s long-term microsimulation model.
The Medicare system is progressive. For people born in the 1950s, lifetime Medicare spending net of both premiums and dedicated Medicare taxes, as a share of lifetime earnings, tends to be lower for beneficiaries with higher lifetime household earnings. Almost all of the variation in lifetime Medicare spending net of premiums by lifetime household earnings can be explained by the variation in life expectancy. Medicare is projected to become more progressive for later cohorts because lifetime earnings are expected to grow faster for those with higher earnings.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Brookings Institution’s Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Revenues and spending as a share of economic output have varied over business cycles as a result of both changes in legislation and automatic stabilizers. Automatic stabilizers are the automatic increases in revenues and decreases in outlays in the federal budget that occur when the economy strengthens, and the opposite changes that occur when the economy weakens.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Australian Treasury Research Institute's conference, Modelling for Public Policy Analysis: Emerging Trends and Future Directions.
If current laws governing federal taxes and spending did not change, the United States would face steadily increasing federal budget deficits and debt over the next 30 years, according to projections by CBO. As a result, CBO estimates, public debt would reach 145 percent of GDP by 2047, higher than any percentage previously recorded in the United States.
Federal tax and spending policies can affect the economy through their impact on federal borrowing, private demand for goods and services, people’s incentives to work and save, and federal investment, as well as through other channels. CBO has devoted significant effort to developing analytical tools that enable it to assess the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies and how such effects, or “macroeconomic feedback,” would affect the federal budget. CBO analyzes the economic effects of federal fiscal policies in current law as well as significant proposed changes in those policies.
CBO regularly publishes economic projections that are consistent with current law—providing a basis for its estimates of federal revenues, outlays, deficits, and debt. A key element in CBO’s projections is its forecast of potential (maximum sustainable) output, which is based mainly on estimates of the potential labor force, the flow of services from the capital stock, and potential total factor productivity in the nonfarm business sector. This presentation describes CBO’s most recent 10-year economic projections and the methods used to produce them. It also describes how economic developments since the financial crisis and the recession of 2007–2009 have led CBO to revise its projections of productivity and growth in potential output and discusses ways in which the agency is working to improve its methods.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 14th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Megan Carroll and David Newman, analysts in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the spring symposium of the American Association for Budget and Program Analysis.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s budget analysts produce hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation describes some of the principles that underlie those estimates and how the estimates relate to Congressional budget enforcement procedures.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at a seminar organized by the Association for Integrity and Responsible Leadership in Economics and Associated Professions.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan budgetary and economic analyses that support the Congressional budget process. CBO works hard to make its analyses objective, impartial, nonpartisan, and transparent.
Presentation by Damien Moore, CBO’s Assistant Director for Financial Analysis, at the Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics.
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government-owned corporation responsible for insuring the benefits of 41 million people who participate in defined benefit pension plans provided by private employers. About 10 million of those participants are covered by plans offered by groups of employers; such plans are insured by PBGC’s multiemployer program. That program has drawn increased scrutiny from policymakers in recent years because of the high likelihood that it will not be able to meet all of its insurance obligations, potentially causing participants to lose insured benefits or putting pressure on the government to provide PBGC with greater federal resources. CBO has projected the claims on PBGC’s multiemployer program—which are likely to be relatively small in the coming decade but are projected to be much larger in the following decade—and has analyzed options for improving the program’s finances.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Vision Strategic Planning Forum.
The Department of Defense’s estimates of the costs of the 2016 Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) exceed limits set forth in the Budget Control Act of 2011 by a total of $107 billion (in 2016 dollars) from 2017 to 2020. CBO projects a steep increase in acquisition costs starting in 2021, suggesting that weapons development and procurement is being deferred until beyond the FYDP period.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, Chief of the Long-Term Analysis Unit in CBO's Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
CBO uses a variety of demographic data. Those data underlie CBO’s budget and economic projections, and some cost estimates for legislation. Demographic data played an important role in estimating savings from an increase in the full retirement age for Social Security, estimating the costs of federal subsidies for health insurance coverage, and estimating the impact of changes in immigration policy, for example.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst for CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 12th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, to the Manpower Roundtable.
If the Congress rejects certain cost-saving proposals of the Administration that it has not accepted in the past, and if costs for weapon systems continue to rise as they have in the past, funding required to implement the Administration’s plans for the Department of Defense would exceed the funding caps set by the Budget Control Act of 2011 by $162 billion (in 2016 dollars) over the 2017–2020 period.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, Chief of the Long-Term Analysis Unit in CBO’s Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, to the Social Security Advisory Board.
Both CBO and the Social Security Trustees project a shortfall in Social Security’s finances, but they differ in their assessment of its magnitude. This presentation describes that difference and the major factors that contribute to it.
In 2010, more than 70 percent of families directly owned capital assets that had a combined worth of $50 trillion. In that year, taxpayers reported net long-term gains and net long-term losses that totaled $123 billion from the sale of those types of assets.
In this report, CBO and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation examine the distribution of capital assets and net capital gains and losses in 2010 by type of asset and by the income and age of the asset holder.
Presentation by Megan Carroll, an analyst for CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Budget Formulation and Execution Line of Business’s Fall Forum.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation makes key points related to CBO’ cost estimates for proposed legislation and how they relate to budget enforcement procedures.
Presentation by Maureen Costantino, Visual Information and Publications Specialist in CBO's Management, Business, and Information Services Division, at the VisCom 2016 Conference.
This presentation provides an overview of the visual communications initiative at CBO. Highlighting the development, evolution, best practices, and examples of graphics products, its purpose is to educate those interested in developing such a program for their own workplace.
For its baseline budget projections, CBO estimates the revenue effects of enacted legislation that changed the amount of funding for tax enforcement. Similarly, CBO’s annual analysis of the President’s budget includes its estimates of the revenue effects of the Administration’s proposals to change such funding. (But CBO does not estimate the changes in revenue from proposals to amend the tax code; those estimates are the responsibility of the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation.)
However, for legislation being considered by the Congress, CBO does not include projections of additional receipts from proposed increases in funding for tax enforcement in its estimates of the budgetary effects that are used for budget enforcement purposes. That approach follows the budget scorekeeping guidelines specified in the conference report for the Balanced Budget Act of 1997.
These slides describe the circumstances under which CBO estimates the revenue effects of changes in funding for tax enforcement and the factors that affect those estimates. They were the basis for a presentation by Janet Holtzblatt, a unit chief in CBO's Tax Analysis Division, at the sixth annual Internal Revenue Service-Tax Policy Center Joint Research Conference on Tax Administration.
Presentation by Philip Ellis, CBO’s Deputy Assistant Director for Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis, to staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
This presentation describes CBO’s general approach to policy analysis and its role in supporting the Congress; summarizes several elements of the agency’s projections of health care spending; and reviews examples of policy proposals and approaches affecting health care that CBO has analyzed recently.
Presentation by Maureen Costantino, Visual Information and Publications Specialist in CBO's Management, Business, and Information Services Division, at the Fourth Annual Global Network of Parliamentary Budget Officers Assembly.
This presentation provides an overview of the visual communications initiatives at CBO. It illustrates the evolution of graphics products at the agency, and some of the best practices that it has adopted for those products.
Presentation by Deborah Kilroe, Associate Director for Communications at CBO, at the Fourth Annual Global Network of Parliamentary Budget Officers Assembly.
CBO continually strives to make its work more accessible on its website and social media platforms. This presentation provides an overview of the significant innovations that CBO has implemented in recent years to enhance the online presentation and accessibility of the agency’s work.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Seminar on Forecasting at George Washington University.
Under current law, CBO projects that economic activity will expand at a modest pace this year and then grow more slowly in subsequent years.
Presentation by Xiaotong Niu, an analyst in CBO's Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, at the Biennial Conference of the American Society of Health Economists.
The consequences of any change to Medicare for different socioeconomic groups depend on the distribution of taxes paid to and benefits received from the current system by each group. However, only a few studies have estimated that distribution, and they offer conflicting views. This presentation describes an analysis of the distribution of Medicare taxes and spending using a unique dataset with information on beneficiaries’ lifetime earnings and Medicare spending. The dataset includes more recent cohorts of beneficiaries than earlier studies, and the distribution of Medicare taxes and spending is projected based on demographic and economic projections from CBO’s long-term microsimulation model.
The Medicare system is progressive. For people born in the 1950s, lifetime Medicare spending net of both premiums and dedicated Medicare taxes, as a share of lifetime earnings, tends to be lower for beneficiaries with higher lifetime household earnings. Almost all of the variation in lifetime Medicare spending net of premiums by lifetime household earnings can be explained by the variation in life expectancy. Medicare is projected to become more progressive for later cohorts because lifetime earnings are expected to grow faster for those with higher earnings.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Brookings Institution’s Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Revenues and spending as a share of economic output have varied over business cycles as a result of both changes in legislation and automatic stabilizers. Automatic stabilizers are the automatic increases in revenues and decreases in outlays in the federal budget that occur when the economy strengthens, and the opposite changes that occur when the economy weakens.
Presentation by Wendy Edelberg, an Associate Director for Economic Analysis at CBO, at the Australian Treasury Research Institute's conference, Modelling for Public Policy Analysis: Emerging Trends and Future Directions.
If current laws governing federal taxes and spending did not change, the United States would face steadily increasing federal budget deficits and debt over the next 30 years, according to projections by CBO. As a result, CBO estimates, public debt would reach 145 percent of GDP by 2047, higher than any percentage previously recorded in the United States.
Federal tax and spending policies can affect the economy through their impact on federal borrowing, private demand for goods and services, people’s incentives to work and save, and federal investment, as well as through other channels. CBO has devoted significant effort to developing analytical tools that enable it to assess the macroeconomic effects of fiscal policies and how such effects, or “macroeconomic feedback,” would affect the federal budget. CBO analyzes the economic effects of federal fiscal policies in current law as well as significant proposed changes in those policies.
CBO regularly publishes economic projections that are consistent with current law—providing a basis for its estimates of federal revenues, outlays, deficits, and debt. A key element in CBO’s projections is its forecast of potential (maximum sustainable) output, which is based mainly on estimates of the potential labor force, the flow of services from the capital stock, and potential total factor productivity in the nonfarm business sector. This presentation describes CBO’s most recent 10-year economic projections and the methods used to produce them. It also describes how economic developments since the financial crisis and the recession of 2007–2009 have led CBO to revise its projections of productivity and growth in potential output and discusses ways in which the agency is working to improve its methods.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 14th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Megan Carroll and David Newman, analysts in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the spring symposium of the American Association for Budget and Program Analysis.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s budget analysts produce hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation. This presentation describes some of the principles that underlie those estimates and how the estimates relate to Congressional budget enforcement procedures.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at a seminar organized by the Association for Integrity and Responsible Leadership in Economics and Associated Professions.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan budgetary and economic analyses that support the Congressional budget process. CBO works hard to make its analyses objective, impartial, nonpartisan, and transparent.
Presentation by Damien Moore, CBO’s Assistant Director for Financial Analysis, at the Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics.
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government-owned corporation responsible for insuring the benefits of 41 million people who participate in defined benefit pension plans provided by private employers. About 10 million of those participants are covered by plans offered by groups of employers; such plans are insured by PBGC’s multiemployer program. That program has drawn increased scrutiny from policymakers in recent years because of the high likelihood that it will not be able to meet all of its insurance obligations, potentially causing participants to lose insured benefits or putting pressure on the government to provide PBGC with greater federal resources. CBO has projected the claims on PBGC’s multiemployer program—which are likely to be relatively small in the coming decade but are projected to be much larger in the following decade—and has analyzed options for improving the program’s finances.
Presentation by Matthew Goldberg, Deputy Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Vision Strategic Planning Forum.
The Department of Defense’s estimates of the costs of the 2016 Future Years Defense Program (FYDP) exceed limits set forth in the Budget Control Act of 2011 by a total of $107 billion (in 2016 dollars) from 2017 to 2020. CBO projects a steep increase in acquisition costs starting in 2021, suggesting that weapons development and procurement is being deferred until beyond the FYDP period.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, Chief of the Long-Term Analysis Unit in CBO's Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.
CBO uses a variety of demographic data. Those data underlie CBO’s budget and economic projections, and some cost estimates for legislation. Demographic data played an important role in estimating savings from an increase in the full retirement age for Social Security, estimating the costs of federal subsidies for health insurance coverage, and estimating the impact of changes in immigration policy, for example.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst for CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation's 12th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
CBO regularly publishes economic projections that are consistent with current law—providing a basis for its estimates of federal revenues, outlays, deficits, and debt. A key element in CBO’s projections is its forecast of potential (maximum sustainable) output, which is based mainly on estimates of the potential labor force, the flow of services from the capital stock, and potential total factor productivity in the nonfarm business sector.
This presentation describes CBO’s most recent 10-year projections of potential output. It also discusses possible underlying causes for the slowdown of growth in total factor productivity.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation 17th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
Presentation by Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan analyses of budgetary and economic issues to support the Congressional budget process. Each year, the agency’s economists and budget analysts produce dozens of reports and hundreds of cost estimates for proposed legislation.
One such report is the annual Budget and Economic Outlook, which is generally released each January and updated in August, and projects economic and budget outcomes under the assumption that current laws regarding federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. This presentation includes some key elements of those projections.
The Budget and Economic Outlook, a recurring publication of the Congressional Budget Office, provides economic and budget projections that incorporate the assumption that current laws governing federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. The report generally describes the differences between the current projections and previous ones; compares the economic forecast with those of other forecasters; and shows the budgetary impact of some alternative policy assumptions.
This presentation describes how the report is produced and how it can be used for budget and economic analyses, providing examples from CBO’s most recent projections.
Budget Preview 2015-16: 'Acche din' for capital market?IndiaNotes.com
FY16 Union Budget would be presented in the backdrop of easing inflation and interest rates but continued growth challenges which the government needs to address.
CBO supports the Congressional budget process by providing the Congress with objective, nonpartisan, and timely analyses of legislative proposals and of budgetary and economic issues. From a macroeconomic perspective, CBO produces work in two areas. First, it provides baseline economic forecasts over 10- and 30-year projection windows. Second, it analyzes the short-term and longer-term effects on the overall economy of some proposed changes in federal tax and spending policies. This presentation describes that work and provides recent examples of forecasts and analysis.
Financial regulation affects the federal budget directly through spending for programs that support the stability of financial institutions and through the taxes and fees that those institutions pay. Regulation also affects the budget indirectly through its effects on the economy. Those effects generate a trade-off: Increased financial regulation may lower the likelihood of a financial crisis and mitigate the severity of any crisis that occurred, but it may also raise the cost of financing for investments.
This presentation highlights three illustrative polices from CBO’s report Financial Regulation and the Federal Budget and finds that the largest budgetary effects of implementing them would stem from macroeconomic feedback.
CBO regularly publishes economic projections that are consistent with current law—providing a basis for its estimates of federal revenues, outlays, deficits, and debt. A key element in CBO’s projections is its forecast of potential (maximum sustainable) output, which is based mainly on estimates of the potential labor force, the flow of services from the capital stock, and potential total factor productivity in the nonfarm business sector.
This presentation describes CBO’s most recent 10-year potential output projections. It also discusses possible underlying causes for the slowdown of growth in total factor productivity.
Presentation by Robert Shackleton, an analyst in CBO’s Macroeconomic Analysis Division, at the NABE Foundation’s 15th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar.
The Budget and Economic Outlook, a recurring publication of the Congressional Budget Office, provides budget and economic projections that incorporate the assumption that current laws governing federal spending and revenues generally remain in place. Those baseline projections cover the 10-year period used in the Congressional budget process. The report generally describes the differences between the current projections and previous ones; compares the economic forecast with those of other forecasters; and shows the budgetary impact of some alternative policy assumptions. This presentation describes the projections and provides some recent examples.
In 2009, Business Leaders for Michigan (BLM)
released the Michigan Turnaround Plan, a plan
on how to make Michigan a Top Ten state for
job, economic and personal income growth.
The Plan was updated in 2012 to identify the
six most distinctive assets Michigan had which
could be leveraged to accelerate growth.
These assets include the state’s engineering
prowess, geographic location, and world-class
higher education institutions, among others.
The 2013 New Michigan Report is the first in
an annual series in which Michigan’s progress
in leveraging its assets into economic growth
will be tracked. Michigan’s performance on
various metrics will be charted over time, and
compared to the results achieved in other
high-performing states.
The U.S. economy is improving at a modest but positive pace, and business experts expect that trend to continue into next year and beyond. This was a theme echoed by several speakers Oct. 3 at a McCombs event called “The Economy in 2014: The Year of the Rebound?”
See the summary and video: The U.S. economy is improving at a modest but positive pace, and business experts expect that trend to continue into next year and beyond. This was a theme echoed by several speakers Oct. 3 at a McCombs event called “The Economy in 2014: The Year of the Rebound?” - See the summary and video: http://www.texasenterprise.utexas.edu/2013/10/17/finance/2014-year-rebound
Highlights
Jay Hartzell, professor of finance, University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business
“There are roughly three ways to get out of the debt problem: You grow your way out, you tax your way out, or you print money,” Hartzell said. “The growth forecast is not very strong for the next few years. It’s not clear we have the political will to tax our way out of it. So that leaves inflation, which many people have concerns about.”
Tyson Tuttle, CEO of Silicon Labs
Tuttle said a surge in investment in connected smart devices is driving a transformation of the tech industry. He expects low-cost, low-power devices to enable home and industrial automation, development of efficient smart grid and mobile technologies, and the advent of “big data.” “All of this is going to be enabled by new types of devices, chips and applications that people haven’t even thought of before."“This is going to create a lot of opportunities for startups, software creators, infrastructure providers, and certainly in our world.”
Daniel Nelson, CEO and founder of Datical
“By the end of 2014, there will be a glut of failed startups — and this is a really good thing, because they’re supposed to fail. The real question is, after those startups fail, what do those founders do?” Nelson said. “The virtuous cycle of entrepreneurism starts with failure. It starts with failing, learning, and trying again — and then failing, learning, and trying again.
Dennis McWilliams, CEO and founder of Apollo Endosurgery
“No other state, even California and New York, can compare to the resources we have in Texas for early-stage investment in new technologies,” McWilliams said. “We really are becoming a global economy of healthcare, and innovation that’s happening here in Texas is moving around the world.”
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1. Congressional Budget Office
Productivity and Growth in
CBO’s Forecasts
NABE Foundation, 13th Annual Economic Measurement Seminar
Four Seasons Hotel, Washington, D.C.
July 19, 2016
Robert Shackleton
Macroeconomic Analysis Division
2. 1CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
What is CBO and why does it produce an
economic forecast?
How do CBO’s forecasts differ from others?
How does CBO prepare its economic forecast?
4. 3CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
The forecast is used primarily as an input
to CBO’s federal budget projections and
analysis of legislative proposals.
It is a 10-year forecast based on current law.
Current law may involve major changes in
future policy. For example, in past years,
current law implied a major shift in fiscal
policy in 2013, with the scheduled expiration
of certain tax cuts.
6. 5CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
CBO’s approach involves projections of both
potential (maximum sustainable) output and
actual output.
The long-term projection of potential output is
based on a neoclassical growth model, coupled
with a near-term business-cycle projection
using a standard macroeconometric model.
7. 6CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
The estimate of potential output is based mainly
on estimates of the potential labor force,
the flow of services from the capital stock,
and potential total factor productivity.
CBO uses data from a wide variety of sources
to form its estimates.
8. 7CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
Where
QNFB = Real GDP in the nonfarm business sector (NFB)
LNFB = Index of hours worked
KNFB = Index of real capital services from nine
different types of capital assets
TFPNFB = Total factor productivity (a residual)
𝑄𝑄𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝐹𝐹 𝐿𝐿𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 , 𝐾𝐾𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁
10. 9CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
Nonfarm Business Total Factor Productivity
Since 1990: Changes Since 2007
2000 = 1.000
Vertical bars indicate the duration of recessions.
11. 10CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
Revisions to Projected Potential GDP in 2017
From 2007 to 2014
Percentage Points
Reason for Change
Recession
and Weak
Recovery
Reassessment
of Trends
Revisions to
Prerecession
Data
Fiscal Policy
and Other
Factors
All
Sources
Nonfarm Business Sector
Potential labor hours -0.7 -3.0 -0.3 1.2 -2.7
Capital services -0.6 -0.7 0.2 -1.3 -2.4
Potential total factor
productivity
-0.5 -0.7 -0.6 0.4 -1.4
Other Sectors n.a. -0.3 0.7 -1.0 -0.7
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Total (Percent) -1.8 -4.8 -0.1 -0.7 -7.3
13. 12CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
Are there problems with the measurement
of productivity growth (for example,
computers, health care)?
How do public expenditures influence private-
sector productivity and productivity growth?
14. 13CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
How do changes in labor composition
contribute to productivity growth?
How does productivity growth contribute
to income growth, income shares, and the
federal budget?