This presentation covers topics to describe what is blue hydrogen, how it is different , methods of producing it, economics feasibility, and its applications.
(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses improvements in high temperature shift catalysts. It describes the characteristics and operational issues of traditional HTS catalysts and how the new VULCAN Series VSG-F101 catalyst has addressed these issues through modifications to its microstructure and composition. The VSG-F101 has shown improved activity, strength, and resistance to thermal and mechanical stresses during plant upsets compared to previous catalysts.
The document provides guidelines for safely starting up and reducing steam reforming catalyst. It discusses warm-up procedures to avoid condensation, reducing the catalyst with hydrogen or hydrocarbons, and gradually introducing feedstock. It also summarizes a case study where overfiring during start-up led to tube failures due to much higher than normal temperatures as a result of deviations from proper procedures.
This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia and hydrogen/syngas production. It explains that ammonia plants commonly use a secondary reformer fired with air, as the nitrogen from air is useful for ammonia synthesis. However, hydrogen/syngas plants less commonly use secondary reforming because nitrogen cannot be tolerated in the process and an air separation unit may not be available or affordable to provide oxygen. The document outlines the key components of secondary reformers - the burner design, mixing volume, and catalyst - which must all be optimized to improve performance.
101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices GuideGerard B. Hawkins
This document discusses common problems that can occur in primary reformers and associated equipment. It identifies issues that can lead to plant shutdowns or efficiency losses, grouping them under catalysts, tubes, furnace boxes, burners, flue gas ducts, headers, and refractories. Some examples discussed include carbon formation, tube overheating, flame impingement, leaks in air preheaters, combustion air maldistribution, and damage to coffins. The document provides an overview of these issues to improve plant reliability over its lifespan.
Tube Wall Temperature Measurement On Steam Reformers - Best PracticesGerard B. Hawkins
GBH Enterprises provides guidance on best practices for measuring tube wall temperatures in steam reformers using optical pyrometers. It is important to measure temperatures accurately to prevent overheating tubes while maximizing plant efficiency. GBH recommends taking multiple temperature and background readings per tube using handheld pyrometers and an emissivity correction factor. Safety precautions like protective equipment are also advised. Detailed procedures are outlined for top-fired, side-fired and terrace wall furnace configurations.
This document discusses the procedures for reducing and starting up a pre-reforming catalyst. It describes drying the catalyst at 175-250°C for 4-24 hours using nitrogen or natural gas below 200°C. The catalyst is then heated to its operating temperature of 400°C using nitrogen, with warming rates between 150-170°C per hour. Once hot, 10% hydrogen is added followed by steam to start the process. For unreduced catalyst, it takes 12-16 hours at 450-500°C with increasing hydrogen levels to fully reduce the nickel oxide catalyst. The objectives and planned installation of a new pre-reformer during a turnaround are also summarized.
(HTS) High Temperature Shift Catalyst (VSG-F101) - Comprehensiev OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses improvements in high temperature shift catalysts. It describes the characteristics and operational issues of traditional HTS catalysts and how the new VULCAN Series VSG-F101 catalyst has addressed these issues through modifications to its microstructure and composition. The VSG-F101 has shown improved activity, strength, and resistance to thermal and mechanical stresses during plant upsets compared to previous catalysts.
The document provides guidelines for safely starting up and reducing steam reforming catalyst. It discusses warm-up procedures to avoid condensation, reducing the catalyst with hydrogen or hydrocarbons, and gradually introducing feedstock. It also summarizes a case study where overfiring during start-up led to tube failures due to much higher than normal temperatures as a result of deviations from proper procedures.
This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia and hydrogen/syngas production. It explains that ammonia plants commonly use a secondary reformer fired with air, as the nitrogen from air is useful for ammonia synthesis. However, hydrogen/syngas plants less commonly use secondary reforming because nitrogen cannot be tolerated in the process and an air separation unit may not be available or affordable to provide oxygen. The document outlines the key components of secondary reformers - the burner design, mixing volume, and catalyst - which must all be optimized to improve performance.
101 Things That Can Go Wrong on a Primary Reformer - Best Practices GuideGerard B. Hawkins
This document discusses common problems that can occur in primary reformers and associated equipment. It identifies issues that can lead to plant shutdowns or efficiency losses, grouping them under catalysts, tubes, furnace boxes, burners, flue gas ducts, headers, and refractories. Some examples discussed include carbon formation, tube overheating, flame impingement, leaks in air preheaters, combustion air maldistribution, and damage to coffins. The document provides an overview of these issues to improve plant reliability over its lifespan.
Tube Wall Temperature Measurement On Steam Reformers - Best PracticesGerard B. Hawkins
GBH Enterprises provides guidance on best practices for measuring tube wall temperatures in steam reformers using optical pyrometers. It is important to measure temperatures accurately to prevent overheating tubes while maximizing plant efficiency. GBH recommends taking multiple temperature and background readings per tube using handheld pyrometers and an emissivity correction factor. Safety precautions like protective equipment are also advised. Detailed procedures are outlined for top-fired, side-fired and terrace wall furnace configurations.
This document discusses the procedures for reducing and starting up a pre-reforming catalyst. It describes drying the catalyst at 175-250°C for 4-24 hours using nitrogen or natural gas below 200°C. The catalyst is then heated to its operating temperature of 400°C using nitrogen, with warming rates between 150-170°C per hour. Once hot, 10% hydrogen is added followed by steam to start the process. For unreduced catalyst, it takes 12-16 hours at 450-500°C with increasing hydrogen levels to fully reduce the nickel oxide catalyst. The objectives and planned installation of a new pre-reformer during a turnaround are also summarized.
High Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction ProcedureGerard B. Hawkins
High Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure
The catalyst, as supplied, is Fe2O3. This reduces to the active form, Fe3O4, in the presence of hydrogen when process gas is admitted to the reactor.
1. The mildly exothermic reactions are:
3 Fe2O3 + H2 ========= 2 Fe3O4 + H2O
3 Fe2O3 + CO ========= 2 Fe3O4 + CO2
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane ReformingSAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane Reforming
History of Synthesis Gas
In 1780, Felice Fontana discovered that combustible gas develops if water vapor is passed over carbon at temperatures over 500 °C. This CO and H2 containing gas was called water gas and mainly used for lighting purposes in the19th century.
As of the beginning of the 20th century, H2/CO-mixtures were used for syntheses of hydrocarbons and then, as a consequence, also called synthesis gas.
Haber and Bosch discovered the synthesis of ammonia from H2 and N2 in 1910 and the first industrial ammonia synthesis plant was commissioned in 1913.
The production of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates from syngas conversion over iron catalysts was discovered in 1923 by Fischer and Tropsch.
Much of the syngas conversion processes were being developed in Germany during the first and second world wars at a time when natural resources were becoming scare and alternative routes for hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and transportation fuels were a necessity.
In 1943/44, this was applied for large-scale production of artificial fuels from synthesis gas in Germany.
This document provides information on the Benfield process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams. It discusses key aspects of the process including:
- Absorption of CO2 into a potassium carbonate solution and regeneration of the solution by heating.
- Use of an activator like DEA to improve CO2 absorption.
- Comparison with other CO2 removal processes like Rectisol and considerations for process selection.
- Parameters that affect the absorption and regeneration steps like pressure, temperature, and flow rates.
- Causes and prevention of corrosion in the system through vanadium addition and factors that can cause foaming of the solution.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Why have a Secondary Reformer ?
Need nitrogen to make ammonia
Wish to make primary as small as possible
Wish to minimise methane slip since methane is an inert in the ammonia synthesis loop
Other methods of achieving this
Braun Purifier process
Can address all these with an air blown secondary
The primary reformer at Agrium's Fort Saskatchewan Nitrogen Operations experienced a massive failure following a routine startup. Almost all 260 catalyst tubes in the radiant section failed, and the air-steam preheat coil was damaged, resulting in lost production. An investigation found that additional burners were lit without checks of flame impingement or tube temperature, causing the flue gas temperature to reach over 1,000°C and melt the tubes. Over 50% of tubes failed, with molten metal solidifying in the catalyst. Kellogg Brown and Root were contracted to replace all failed components and repair the furnace to restore production as soon as possible.
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
Reactor Options
Regeneration Section
Summary
(LTS) Low Temperature Shift Catalyst - Comprehensive OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses low temperature shift catalysts used in hydrogen production plants. It describes the purpose of low temperature shift catalysts in further converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to improve hydrogen yield and remove impurities. It then covers the chemistry, typical operating conditions, factors influencing catalyst activity like temperature profile and poisons, and byproduct formation issues. The document promotes the VSG-C111/112 series as superior catalysts, highlighting their resistance to poisons like sulfur and chloride, low methanol byproduct formation, high activity, and strength properties.
Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia PlantsGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses burner design, operation, and maintenance on ammonia plants. It covers reformer burner types and designs, including premix and staged burners. It also addresses combustion characteristics like excess air and fuel viscosity effects. Maintenance best practices like checking burner pressures and atomizing steam temperatures are emphasized. Low NOx equipment uses techniques like staged air, fuel, and flue gas recirculation to reduce emissions. Good combustion requires attention to design, operation, maintenance, and partnership among related roles.
This document discusses operating pre-reformers at high temperatures and the associated benefits and drawbacks. It notes that while higher temperatures allow for better thermal efficiency and feedstock flexibility in reformers, they can also cause hydrothermal sintering of catalysts over time from high heat and steam. The document provides guidelines for startup, reduction, and operation of pre-reformer catalysts to maximize performance while mitigating sintering risks.
Introduction
Catalyst breakage is a well known phenomena that occurs during operation and transients such as reformer trips, whether this be due to,
• Normal in service breakage,
• Breakage due to carbon formation/removal,
• Breakage due to steam condensation or carry over,
• Breakage during a trip.
The effect of catalyst breakage can be observed in a number of ways,
• Hot bands,
• Speckling and giraffe necking,
• Catalyst breakage and settling.
The Benefits and Disadvantages of Potash in Steam ReformingGerard B. Hawkins
Why do we include potash ?
What are the benefits ?
What are the disadvantages ?
Catalyst Deactivation
Carbon Deposition : Thermodynamics & Kinetics
Carbon formation margin
Reaction chemistry (Tube inlet)
Hydrocarbons undergo cracking reactions on hot surfaces at the tube inlet
Products of catalytic cracking reactions can form polymeric carbon
VULCAN Series VSG-Z101 Primary Reforming
Initial Catalyst Reduction
Activating (reducing) the catalyst involves changing the nickel oxide to nickel, represented by:
NiO + H2 <==========> Ni + H2O
Natural gas is typically used as the hydrogen source. When it is, the catalyst reduction and putting the reformer on-line are accompanied in the same step.
Catalyst Catastrophes in Syngas Production - I
The Hazards
Review incidents by reactor
Purification….
Through the various unit operations to
Ammonia synthesis
Nickel Carbonyl
Pre-reduced catalysts
Discharging catalysts
Conclusion
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including:
1) Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy and can provide clean renewable energy for vehicles and stationary power applications.
2) The main methods for producing hydrogen include steam reforming of natural gas, coal gasification, and electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is then stored using compression, liquefaction, or solid-state storage before being delivered via pipelines or cryogenic tanks.
3) Hydrogen is used as fuel in various fuel cell types, with proton exchange membrane fuel cells being a major candidate for automotive use due to their high efficiency and low weight. However, hydrogen fuel cells still face challenges with costs and durability that need to be addressed
Carbon Capture & Storage - Options For IndiaAniruddha Sharma
The presentation will try to answer a few key questions related to the cost, technology, scalability and risks involved in widespread deployment of the carbon capture and sequestration technology.
High Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction ProcedureGerard B. Hawkins
High Temperature Shift Catalyst Reduction Procedure
The catalyst, as supplied, is Fe2O3. This reduces to the active form, Fe3O4, in the presence of hydrogen when process gas is admitted to the reactor.
1. The mildly exothermic reactions are:
3 Fe2O3 + H2 ========= 2 Fe3O4 + H2O
3 Fe2O3 + CO ========= 2 Fe3O4 + CO2
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane ReformingSAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Episode 3 : Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Methane Reforming
History of Synthesis Gas
In 1780, Felice Fontana discovered that combustible gas develops if water vapor is passed over carbon at temperatures over 500 °C. This CO and H2 containing gas was called water gas and mainly used for lighting purposes in the19th century.
As of the beginning of the 20th century, H2/CO-mixtures were used for syntheses of hydrocarbons and then, as a consequence, also called synthesis gas.
Haber and Bosch discovered the synthesis of ammonia from H2 and N2 in 1910 and the first industrial ammonia synthesis plant was commissioned in 1913.
The production of liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates from syngas conversion over iron catalysts was discovered in 1923 by Fischer and Tropsch.
Much of the syngas conversion processes were being developed in Germany during the first and second world wars at a time when natural resources were becoming scare and alternative routes for hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and transportation fuels were a necessity.
In 1943/44, this was applied for large-scale production of artificial fuels from synthesis gas in Germany.
This document provides information on the Benfield process for removing carbon dioxide from gas streams. It discusses key aspects of the process including:
- Absorption of CO2 into a potassium carbonate solution and regeneration of the solution by heating.
- Use of an activator like DEA to improve CO2 absorption.
- Comparison with other CO2 removal processes like Rectisol and considerations for process selection.
- Parameters that affect the absorption and regeneration steps like pressure, temperature, and flow rates.
- Causes and prevention of corrosion in the system through vanadium addition and factors that can cause foaming of the solution.
1. Introduction reasons for purification, types of poisons, and typical systems
2. Hydrogenation
3. Dechlorination
4. Sulfur Removal
5. Purification system start-up and shut-down
Why have a Secondary Reformer ?
Need nitrogen to make ammonia
Wish to make primary as small as possible
Wish to minimise methane slip since methane is an inert in the ammonia synthesis loop
Other methods of achieving this
Braun Purifier process
Can address all these with an air blown secondary
The primary reformer at Agrium's Fort Saskatchewan Nitrogen Operations experienced a massive failure following a routine startup. Almost all 260 catalyst tubes in the radiant section failed, and the air-steam preheat coil was damaged, resulting in lost production. An investigation found that additional burners were lit without checks of flame impingement or tube temperature, causing the flue gas temperature to reach over 1,000°C and melt the tubes. Over 50% of tubes failed, with molten metal solidifying in the catalyst. Kellogg Brown and Root were contracted to replace all failed components and repair the furnace to restore production as soon as possible.
Revamp objectives
Revamp Philosophy
Revamp options
Semi-Regenerative Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Continuous Reforming Unit
Typical Flow Scheme
Revamp to Hybrid Operation
What may be achieved?
Typical C5+ Yield at Decreasing Pressure
Changes Required for Full Conversion
Typical Benefits of Full Conversion
Revamping of Existing Continuous Reforming Units
Fired Heaters Revamp
Burners
Reactor Options
Regeneration Section
Summary
(LTS) Low Temperature Shift Catalyst - Comprehensive OverviewGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses low temperature shift catalysts used in hydrogen production plants. It describes the purpose of low temperature shift catalysts in further converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide to improve hydrogen yield and remove impurities. It then covers the chemistry, typical operating conditions, factors influencing catalyst activity like temperature profile and poisons, and byproduct formation issues. The document promotes the VSG-C111/112 series as superior catalysts, highlighting their resistance to poisons like sulfur and chloride, low methanol byproduct formation, high activity, and strength properties.
Burner Design, Operation and Maintenance on Ammonia PlantsGerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses burner design, operation, and maintenance on ammonia plants. It covers reformer burner types and designs, including premix and staged burners. It also addresses combustion characteristics like excess air and fuel viscosity effects. Maintenance best practices like checking burner pressures and atomizing steam temperatures are emphasized. Low NOx equipment uses techniques like staged air, fuel, and flue gas recirculation to reduce emissions. Good combustion requires attention to design, operation, maintenance, and partnership among related roles.
This document discusses operating pre-reformers at high temperatures and the associated benefits and drawbacks. It notes that while higher temperatures allow for better thermal efficiency and feedstock flexibility in reformers, they can also cause hydrothermal sintering of catalysts over time from high heat and steam. The document provides guidelines for startup, reduction, and operation of pre-reformer catalysts to maximize performance while mitigating sintering risks.
Introduction
Catalyst breakage is a well known phenomena that occurs during operation and transients such as reformer trips, whether this be due to,
• Normal in service breakage,
• Breakage due to carbon formation/removal,
• Breakage due to steam condensation or carry over,
• Breakage during a trip.
The effect of catalyst breakage can be observed in a number of ways,
• Hot bands,
• Speckling and giraffe necking,
• Catalyst breakage and settling.
The Benefits and Disadvantages of Potash in Steam ReformingGerard B. Hawkins
Why do we include potash ?
What are the benefits ?
What are the disadvantages ?
Catalyst Deactivation
Carbon Deposition : Thermodynamics & Kinetics
Carbon formation margin
Reaction chemistry (Tube inlet)
Hydrocarbons undergo cracking reactions on hot surfaces at the tube inlet
Products of catalytic cracking reactions can form polymeric carbon
VULCAN Series VSG-Z101 Primary Reforming
Initial Catalyst Reduction
Activating (reducing) the catalyst involves changing the nickel oxide to nickel, represented by:
NiO + H2 <==========> Ni + H2O
Natural gas is typically used as the hydrogen source. When it is, the catalyst reduction and putting the reformer on-line are accompanied in the same step.
Catalyst Catastrophes in Syngas Production - I
The Hazards
Review incidents by reactor
Purification….
Through the various unit operations to
Ammonia synthesis
Nickel Carbonyl
Pre-reduced catalysts
Discharging catalysts
Conclusion
The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including:
1) Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy and can provide clean renewable energy for vehicles and stationary power applications.
2) The main methods for producing hydrogen include steam reforming of natural gas, coal gasification, and electrolysis of water. Hydrogen is then stored using compression, liquefaction, or solid-state storage before being delivered via pipelines or cryogenic tanks.
3) Hydrogen is used as fuel in various fuel cell types, with proton exchange membrane fuel cells being a major candidate for automotive use due to their high efficiency and low weight. However, hydrogen fuel cells still face challenges with costs and durability that need to be addressed
Carbon Capture & Storage - Options For IndiaAniruddha Sharma
The presentation will try to answer a few key questions related to the cost, technology, scalability and risks involved in widespread deployment of the carbon capture and sequestration technology.
Techno-economic assessment and global sensitivity analysis for biomass-based CO2 capture storage and utilisation (CCSU) technologies - presentation by Maria Botero in the Biomass CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
1. The document analyzes the role of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in decarbonizing heavy industry through long-term energy system modeling.
2. It finds that CCUS faces strong competition from hydrogen in steel but is essential in cement. Carbon capture could help produce clean fuels through utilization but clean production routes may be more important than more capture units for deep decarbonization.
3. An 80% industry decarbonization policy has twice the total annual cost as pathways aligned with the Paris Agreement goals.
Dr. SSV Ramakumar presented on challenges for the hydrogen economy and IndianOil's initiatives in hydrogen and fuel cells. Key points included:
- India has a population of 1.27 billion and is the 3rd largest economy in PPP terms, with strong GDP growth of 7.3% in 2018.
- IndianOil is researching hydrogen production from various domestic resources like natural gas, biomass, and solar energy to reduce costs below $4/kg.
- Challenges for hydrogen include developing affordable production and storage technologies to enable its use in transportation and achieve India's climate change commitments.
- IndianOil is working on compact reforming, biomass gasification,
CCC is developing a process to sequester CO2 from flue gases by converting it to magnesium carbonates using magnesium hydroxide produced from serpentine and olivine minerals. The process involves two steps: (1) an alkaline digestion that converts minerals like serpentine and olivine to magnesium hydroxide and silica, and (2) direct wet scrubbing to react the magnesium hydroxide with low-pressure CO2 to form soluble magnesium bicarbonate or solid magnesium carbonate. This process could sequester CO2 on a gigatonne scale at a low energy cost while also producing valuable byproducts from the minerals.
Hydrogen Production Cost Analysis rc pdf2.pdfYogitaMali7
TOP 10 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION COST OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Hydrogen production cost analysis is crucial for understanding the economic viability of hydrogen as an energy source. But do you know what are those Cost Optimization techniques, how to identify, which phase to implement?
Explore the top 10 Hydrogen Production Cost Optimization Techniques!
1. How can renewable energy integration be leveraged to optimize hydrogen production costs?
2. What advancements in coal gasification technologies can contribute to cost optimization in hydrogen production?
3. What are the potential cost-saving benefits of technological innovation in hydrogen production processes?
4. Deep dive analysis on various cost optimization techniques for Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)
5. How can the utilization of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies in SMR reduce greenhouse gas emissions and potentially generate additional revenue streams?
6. What strategies can be implemented to optimize the cost efficiency of electrolysis for hydrogen production?
Hydrogen is now widely recognized as a promising clean energy carrier due to the global shift towards sustainable energy sources. It is critical to comprehend the complexities of hydrogen production costs as demand for the gas rises. This article explores the economic factors that will influence the future of this essential energy vector by providing a thorough examination of the expenses associated with producing hydrogen.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) aims to reduce CO2 emissions from large sources like power plants. It involves three steps: CO2 capture using technologies like post-combustion, pre-combustion, or oxy-fuel combustion; transportation mostly via pipelines; and geological storage in oil/gas reservoirs, unmineable coal beds, or saline aquifers. Challenges include the costs of infrastructure and risk of leakages from transportation or storage affecting the environment. CCS could help mitigate climate change but drawbacks need to be addressed.
1. The document analyzes scenarios for decarbonizing industry using carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies through 2100 using an integrated assessment model.
2. Results show hydrogen competing with CCS in steel production, while CCS is essential for cement plants alongside less clinker-intensive cements.
3. Carbon capture and utilization plays a minor role compared to storage but can significantly contribute to clean fuel production.
This document presents an assessment of the performance and costs of CO2-based Next Generation Geothermal Power (NGP) systems. It discusses the thermodynamic and economic evaluations that were conducted, including cycle designs, performance results, sensitivities to parameters, and initial cost estimates. The analysis shows that NGP systems can generate 2.5-3.4 times higher net power output than conventional brine-based geothermal systems under baseline conditions. Preliminary levelized cost of electricity estimates for NGP place it in the range of conventional generation technologies and competitive with solar plus storage. Further research and demonstration are needed to advance the technology.
Hydrogen Production Cost Analysis recreate content pdf.pdfYogitaMali7
TOP 10 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION COST OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
Hydrogen production cost analysis is crucial for understanding the economic viability of hydrogen as an energy source. But do you know what are those Cost Optimization techniques, how to identify, which phase to implement?
Explore the top 10 Hydrogen Production Cost Optimization Techniques!
1. How can renewable energy integration be leveraged to optimize hydrogen production costs?
2. What advancements in coal gasification technologies can contribute to cost optimization in hydrogen production?
3. What are the potential cost-saving benefits of technological innovation in hydrogen production processes?
4. Deep dive analysis on various cost optimization techniques for Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)
5. How can the utilization of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies in SMR reduce greenhouse gas emissions and potentially generate additional revenue streams?
6. What strategies can be implemented to optimize the cost efficiency of electrolysis for hydrogen production?
Green Hydrogen Production:
The utilization of renewable energy in the electrolysis process ensures that the entire hydrogen production chain contributes to the global efforts to combat climate change. Green hydrogen production contributes to energy independence by leveraging locally available renewable resources. Several countries are taking bold steps to promote green hydrogen production. Green hydrogen production stands at the forefront of the renewable energy revolution, offering a clean and sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production methods.
As a clean burning fuel, Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition, particularly for hard to abate sectors; however, it should only be deployed where appropriate, and the potential electricity requirement for green hydrogen should also be considered
Electricity Production By Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses electricity production from waste materials via biomass gasification. The process involves converting biomass waste into a combustible gas in a gasifier, and then using the gas to power a generator set. The gasifier thermo-chemically converts solid biomass fuels into a clean syngas. This syngas can then be used for cooking or generating electricity by feeding it into a diesel generator set. The system has advantages such as reducing pollution and recycling waste materials while producing electricity in a renewable way. However, biomass gasification also faces challenges related to capital costs and fuel flexibility.
A REVIEW: CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION (CCS) IN INDIAIAEME Publication
In 21st century research on carbon capture and sequestration is totally based on optimizing the process of capture either by increasing the capture efficiency or by reducing the work input (energy consumption) in the process of capturing the carbon dioxide. This review article is prime focused on the present scenario of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; aspects of new world with CCS with its merits-demerits and new emerging technological implementations.
The document discusses carbon capture technologies that are likely to appear in future phases of carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment. It provides information on various carbon capture technologies including post-combustion capture using solvents like amines, pre-combustion capture through integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, and oxy-fuel combustion. Examples of large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or development are also mentioned, such as the Kemper County energy facility and White Rose CCS project.
Green hydrogen has the potential to contribute significantly to India's decarbonization efforts. It can be produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable electricity (green hydrogen). Green hydrogen production in India is projected to reach 5 MMT per year by 2030, displacing 125 GW of renewable energy capacity. This would result in investment of Rs. 8 lakh crore and creation of over 6 lakh jobs while avoiding 50 MMT of CO2 emissions annually by 2030. The National Green Hydrogen Mission aims to support green hydrogen production and consumption through targets, incentives and initiatives to establish India as a global green hydrogen hub.
Flexibility with renewable(low-carbon) hydrogenIEA-ETSAP
Flexibility with renewable hydrogen
Paul Dodds, Jana Fakhreddine & Kari Espegren, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
Impatto dell’idrogeno verde sul sistema elettrico: quali i costi? (Bruno Cova)Sardegna Ricerche
The document discusses green hydrogen production and its role in energy diversification. It provides:
1) An overview of hydrogen production strategies in the US and EU, which aim to scale up renewable hydrogen electrolyzers to reduce emissions in hard to decarbonize sectors.
2) A framework for assessing the costs of different implementation scenarios for integrating green hydrogen production via electrolysis into power systems, including decentralized, transport of hydrogen, and transport of electricity approaches.
3) An analysis of applying this framework to Italy's power system and hydrogen strategy, which aims for 5GW of electrolyzers by 2030, to understand the impacts on costs and markets under various scenarios.
This document provides an overview of renewable natural gas (RNG) production from sources like landfills and wastewater treatment plants. It discusses the background and reasons for increased interest in high-BTU RNG projects. Various biogas upgrading technologies like PSA, membranes, water scrubbing and cryogenics are described along with their pros and cons. Potential revenue sources for RNG projects like commodity sales, renewable fuel credits, and carbon offset markets are also outlined. The presentation concludes with a discussion of common site layouts, potential pitfalls, and contact information for the presenters.
Similar to Production of Blue Hydrogen from Biomethane and its Applications.pptx (20)
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Production of Blue Hydrogen from Biomethane and its Applications.pptx
1. Topic : Production of Blue Hydrogen
from Biomethane and its Applications.
2. Contents:-
1. Demand of Hydrogen
2. What is Blue Hydrogen ?
3. Methods to produce Blue Hydrogen(SMR, ATR)
4. Steam methane reforming (SMR)
5. Flow diagram with CCS
6. CCS Methods (MDEA , VPSA)
7. Economics Feasibilty / Challenges
8. Transportation
o Applications
CCS Utilization ,
Extent of CCS
3. Demand of Hydrogen:-
India’s hydrogen demand in 2020 is
roughly estimated to 6 MMT per
annum.
https://wri-india.org/blog/hydrogen-application-indian-fertilizer-industry-
introduction
Expected demand increase is about 4-5
times.
https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/commodit
y-price-hike-may-slowdown-indias-hydrogen-consumption-goals-
report/91344206
4. What is Blue Hydrogen ?
Green
Hydrogen:-
• Produced using Electrolysis.
• Reaction :
• 2H₂O(l) + 2e⁻ → 2H₂(g) +
O₂(g)
• No CO2 emitted
Blue
Hydrogen :-
• Produced using Natural
gas.
• Reaction:
• CH₄(g) + H₂O(g) → 3H₂(g)
+ CO₂(g)
• CO2 is captured using CCS
tech.
Grey
Hydrogen:-
• Produced using Natural
gas.
• Reaction:
• CH₄(g) + H₂O(g) →
3H₂(g) + CO₂(g)
• CO2 is emitted. No CCS is
used.
10. Economic
Feasibility:
Carbon capture, specifically in the
context of blue hydrogen
production, can increase the cost
of hydrogen compared to grey
hydrogen due to several factors:
11. Challenges :-
Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS)
Energy
Requirements
Maintenance Costs CO2 Storage Costs
Risk and
Uncertainty
Initial Capital
Investment
12. Transportation:-
The storage options that are under consideration includes :-
Liquid organic
hydrogen
Pressurized
gaseous
hydrogen,
Cryogenic
liquefied
hydrogen,
Carbonaceous
materials
hydrogen,
Metal alloy
hydrogen,
Complex
hydride
hydrogen,
Glass
microspheres
hydrogen,
13. Applications :-
Blue Hydrogen’s application holds
vast potential across diverse
sectors, including energy,
industry, and transportation, as a
crucial step toward a sustainable,
low-carbon future.