An Access Control Model for Collaborative Management of Shared Data in OSNSIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
AN INTEGRATED RANKING ALGORITHM FOR EFFICIENT INFORMATION COMPUTING IN SOCIAL...ijwscjournal
Social networks have ensured the expanding disproportion between the face of WWW stored traditionally in search engine repositories and the actual ever changing face of Web. Exponential growth of web users and the ease with which they can upload contents on web highlights the need of content controls on material published on the web. As definition of search is changing, socially-enhanced interactive search methodologies are the need of the hour. Ranking is pivotal for efficient web search as the search performance mainly depends upon the ranking results. In this paper new integrated ranking model based on fused rank of web object based on popularity factor earned over only valid interlinks from multiple social forums is proposed. This model identifies relationships between web objects in separate social networks based on the object inheritance graph. Experimental study indicates the effectiveness of proposed Fusion based ranking algorithm in terms of better search results.
Web Page Recommendation Using Web MiningIJERA Editor
On World Wide Web various kind of content are generated in huge amount, so to give relevant result to user web recommendation become important part of web application. On web different kind of web recommendation are made available to user every day that includes Image, Video, Audio, query suggestion and web page. In this paper we are aiming at providing framework for web page recommendation. 1) First we describe the basics of web mining, types of web mining. 2) Details of each web mining technique.3)We propose the architecture for the personalized web page recommendation.
Profiling User Interests on the Social Semantic WebFabrizio Orlandi
Fabrizio Orlandi's PhD Viva @Insight NUI Galway (ex-DERI) - 31/03/2014.
Supervisors: Alexandre Passant and John G. Breslin.
Examiners: Fabien Gandon and Stefan Decker
An Access Control Model for Collaborative Management of Shared Data in OSNSIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
AN INTEGRATED RANKING ALGORITHM FOR EFFICIENT INFORMATION COMPUTING IN SOCIAL...ijwscjournal
Social networks have ensured the expanding disproportion between the face of WWW stored traditionally in search engine repositories and the actual ever changing face of Web. Exponential growth of web users and the ease with which they can upload contents on web highlights the need of content controls on material published on the web. As definition of search is changing, socially-enhanced interactive search methodologies are the need of the hour. Ranking is pivotal for efficient web search as the search performance mainly depends upon the ranking results. In this paper new integrated ranking model based on fused rank of web object based on popularity factor earned over only valid interlinks from multiple social forums is proposed. This model identifies relationships between web objects in separate social networks based on the object inheritance graph. Experimental study indicates the effectiveness of proposed Fusion based ranking algorithm in terms of better search results.
Web Page Recommendation Using Web MiningIJERA Editor
On World Wide Web various kind of content are generated in huge amount, so to give relevant result to user web recommendation become important part of web application. On web different kind of web recommendation are made available to user every day that includes Image, Video, Audio, query suggestion and web page. In this paper we are aiming at providing framework for web page recommendation. 1) First we describe the basics of web mining, types of web mining. 2) Details of each web mining technique.3)We propose the architecture for the personalized web page recommendation.
Profiling User Interests on the Social Semantic WebFabrizio Orlandi
Fabrizio Orlandi's PhD Viva @Insight NUI Galway (ex-DERI) - 31/03/2014.
Supervisors: Alexandre Passant and John G. Breslin.
Examiners: Fabien Gandon and Stefan Decker
Semantic user profiling and Personalised filtering of the Twitter streamFabrizio Orlandi
Presentation at Kno.e.sis - Feb 2012.
The presentation describe my current PhD research at DERI and the work done in 5 weeks during a collaboration in Kno.e.sis with Pavan Kapanipathi, Prof. Amit Sheth, Prof. T. K. Prasad and the rest of the group.
- video: http://youtu.be/MmF5HxIVUwA
Enhanced Web Usage Mining Using Fuzzy Clustering and Collaborative Filtering ...inventionjournals
Information is overloaded in the Internet due to the unstable growth of information and it makes information search as complicate process. Recommendation System (RS) is the tool and largely used nowadays in many areas to generate interest items to users. With the development of e-commerce and information access, recommender systems have become a popular technique to prune large information spaces so that users are directed toward those items that best meet their needs and preferences. As the exponential explosion of various contents generated on the Web, Recommendation techniques have become increasingly indispensable. Web recommendation systems assist the users to get the exact information and facilitate the information search easier. Web recommendation is one of the techniques of web personalization, which recommends web pages or items to the user based on the previous browsing history. But the tremendous growth in the amount of the available information and the number of visitors to web sites in recent years places some key challenges for recommender system. The recent recommender systems stuck with producing high quality recommendation with large information, resulting unwanted item instead of targeted item or product, and performing many recommendations per second for millions of user and items. To avoid these challenges a new recommender system technologies are needed that can quickly produce high quality recommendation, even for a very large scale problems. To address these issues we use two recommender system process using fuzzy clustering and collaborative filtering algorithms. Fuzzy clustering is used to predict the items or product that will be accessed in the future based on the previous action of user browsers behavior. Collaborative filtering recommendation process is used to produce the user expects result from the result of fuzzy clustering and collection of Web Database data items. Using this new recommendation system, it results the user expected product or item with minimum time. This system reduces the result of unrelated and unwanted item to user and provides the results with user interested domain.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Semantic domain ontologies are increasingly seen as the key for enabling
interoperability across heterogeneous systems and sensor-based applications.
The ontologies deployed in these systems and applications are developed by
restricted groups of domain experts and not by semantic web experts. Lately,
folksonomies are increasingly exploited in developing ontologies. The
“collective intelligence”, which emerge from collaborative tagging can be
seen as an alternative for the current effort at semantic web ontologies.
However, the uncontrolled nature of social tagging systems leads to many
kinds of noisy annotations, such as misspellings, imprecision and ambiguity.
Thus, the construction of formal ontologies from social tagging data remains
a real challenge. Most of researches have focused on how to discover
relatedness between tags rather than producing ontologies, much less domain
ontologies. This paper proposed an algorithm that utilises tags in social
tagging systems to automatically generate up-to-date specific-domain
ontologies. The evaluation of the algorithm, using a dataset extracted from
BibSonomy, demonstrated that the algorithm could effectively learn a
domain terminology, and identify more meaningful semantic information for
the domain terminology. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm introduced a
simple and effective method for disambiguating tags.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FOLKSONOMY BASED TAG CLOUD MODEL FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL ...ijscai
In the magnitude of internet one need to devote extra time to investigate anticipated resource, especially
when one need to search information from documents. For the higher range internet there is serious need
to demand the essentiality to discover the reserved resources. One of the solutions for information retrieval
from document repository is to attach tags to documents. Numerous online social bookmarking services
permit users to attach tags with resources which are eventually meta-data, frequently stated as folksonomy.
In current paper, authors implemented this model for information retrieval by utilizing these tags, after
retrieving by using delicious API and synthesize tag cloud in an Indian University to search and retrieve
information from document repository.
An Enhanced Approach for Detecting User's Behavior Applying Country-Wise Loca...IJSRD
The development of the web in past few years has created a lot of challenge in this field. The new work in this field is the search of the data in a search tree pattern based on tree. Various sequential mining algorithms have been devoloped till date. Web usage mining is used to operate the web server logs, that contains the navigation history of the user. Recommendater system is explained properly with the explanation of whole procedure of the recommendater system. The search results of the data leads to the proper ad efficient search. But the problem was the time utilization and the search results generated from them. So, a new local search algorithm is proposed for country-wise search that makes the searching more efficient on local results basis. This approach has lead to an advancement in the search based methods and the results generated.
The Adoption of Social Network Sites for Expressive Participation in Internet...BO TRUE ACTIVITIES SL
The present study is an initial effort to develop a model that explores how uses of ICTs, particularly SNSs, foster expressive forms of participation that result in civic participation. In doing so, we attempt to investigate the acceptance and use of SNSs by members’ e-movements and SMOs and whether these uses turn results in a host of traditional or offline civic participatory behaviours. A theoretical model is proposed and justified, albeit not empirically validated. Thus, representing an opportunity for future research. The ideas extracted from the discussion should be a help for citizens to create social movements on the Internet. In this regard, numerous practical reflections and suggestions are presented.
Semantic user profiling and Personalised filtering of the Twitter streamFabrizio Orlandi
Presentation at Kno.e.sis - Feb 2012.
The presentation describe my current PhD research at DERI and the work done in 5 weeks during a collaboration in Kno.e.sis with Pavan Kapanipathi, Prof. Amit Sheth, Prof. T. K. Prasad and the rest of the group.
- video: http://youtu.be/MmF5HxIVUwA
Enhanced Web Usage Mining Using Fuzzy Clustering and Collaborative Filtering ...inventionjournals
Information is overloaded in the Internet due to the unstable growth of information and it makes information search as complicate process. Recommendation System (RS) is the tool and largely used nowadays in many areas to generate interest items to users. With the development of e-commerce and information access, recommender systems have become a popular technique to prune large information spaces so that users are directed toward those items that best meet their needs and preferences. As the exponential explosion of various contents generated on the Web, Recommendation techniques have become increasingly indispensable. Web recommendation systems assist the users to get the exact information and facilitate the information search easier. Web recommendation is one of the techniques of web personalization, which recommends web pages or items to the user based on the previous browsing history. But the tremendous growth in the amount of the available information and the number of visitors to web sites in recent years places some key challenges for recommender system. The recent recommender systems stuck with producing high quality recommendation with large information, resulting unwanted item instead of targeted item or product, and performing many recommendations per second for millions of user and items. To avoid these challenges a new recommender system technologies are needed that can quickly produce high quality recommendation, even for a very large scale problems. To address these issues we use two recommender system process using fuzzy clustering and collaborative filtering algorithms. Fuzzy clustering is used to predict the items or product that will be accessed in the future based on the previous action of user browsers behavior. Collaborative filtering recommendation process is used to produce the user expects result from the result of fuzzy clustering and collection of Web Database data items. Using this new recommendation system, it results the user expected product or item with minimum time. This system reduces the result of unrelated and unwanted item to user and provides the results with user interested domain.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Semantic domain ontologies are increasingly seen as the key for enabling
interoperability across heterogeneous systems and sensor-based applications.
The ontologies deployed in these systems and applications are developed by
restricted groups of domain experts and not by semantic web experts. Lately,
folksonomies are increasingly exploited in developing ontologies. The
“collective intelligence”, which emerge from collaborative tagging can be
seen as an alternative for the current effort at semantic web ontologies.
However, the uncontrolled nature of social tagging systems leads to many
kinds of noisy annotations, such as misspellings, imprecision and ambiguity.
Thus, the construction of formal ontologies from social tagging data remains
a real challenge. Most of researches have focused on how to discover
relatedness between tags rather than producing ontologies, much less domain
ontologies. This paper proposed an algorithm that utilises tags in social
tagging systems to automatically generate up-to-date specific-domain
ontologies. The evaluation of the algorithm, using a dataset extracted from
BibSonomy, demonstrated that the algorithm could effectively learn a
domain terminology, and identify more meaningful semantic information for
the domain terminology. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm introduced a
simple and effective method for disambiguating tags.
IMPLEMENTATION OF FOLKSONOMY BASED TAG CLOUD MODEL FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL ...ijscai
In the magnitude of internet one need to devote extra time to investigate anticipated resource, especially
when one need to search information from documents. For the higher range internet there is serious need
to demand the essentiality to discover the reserved resources. One of the solutions for information retrieval
from document repository is to attach tags to documents. Numerous online social bookmarking services
permit users to attach tags with resources which are eventually meta-data, frequently stated as folksonomy.
In current paper, authors implemented this model for information retrieval by utilizing these tags, after
retrieving by using delicious API and synthesize tag cloud in an Indian University to search and retrieve
information from document repository.
An Enhanced Approach for Detecting User's Behavior Applying Country-Wise Loca...IJSRD
The development of the web in past few years has created a lot of challenge in this field. The new work in this field is the search of the data in a search tree pattern based on tree. Various sequential mining algorithms have been devoloped till date. Web usage mining is used to operate the web server logs, that contains the navigation history of the user. Recommendater system is explained properly with the explanation of whole procedure of the recommendater system. The search results of the data leads to the proper ad efficient search. But the problem was the time utilization and the search results generated from them. So, a new local search algorithm is proposed for country-wise search that makes the searching more efficient on local results basis. This approach has lead to an advancement in the search based methods and the results generated.
The Adoption of Social Network Sites for Expressive Participation in Internet...BO TRUE ACTIVITIES SL
The present study is an initial effort to develop a model that explores how uses of ICTs, particularly SNSs, foster expressive forms of participation that result in civic participation. In doing so, we attempt to investigate the acceptance and use of SNSs by members’ e-movements and SMOs and whether these uses turn results in a host of traditional or offline civic participatory behaviours. A theoretical model is proposed and justified, albeit not empirically validated. Thus, representing an opportunity for future research. The ideas extracted from the discussion should be a help for citizens to create social movements on the Internet. In this regard, numerous practical reflections and suggestions are presented.
Really do university students believe that facebook is a useful tool to mobil...BO TRUE ACTIVITIES SL
The use of information and communication technologies pervades our lives. A specific type of social media that is playing a crucial role in this upsurge of participation in cyber-collective social movements (CSMs) is the social networking sites (SNS). We employ an extended model from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as our theoretical framework to understand student perceptions of SNS use expectations (performance expectancy and effort expectancy), social acceptance (social influence), and their perceptions about resource availability (facilitating conditions) for expressive social participation. This extended model introduces social variables (SNS mobilization effort and offline civic participation) that researchers have identified as important in explaining behaviors. In doing so, it advances a model of how activities in the online domain can ‘spill’ over to the offline domain. We have provided empirical support for the applicability of UTAUT to the expressive participation in CSMs via a survey of 214 SNS users. Our results confirm that expectancy and social influence significantly affect student intentions to use SNS for expressive participation in CSMs. Likewise, SNS mobilization effort emerged as a strong significant predictor of both intention and the use of SNS for expressive participation, but not for offline civic participation. Last, the use of SNS for expressive participation was a significant predictor for offline civic participation, which suggests that users who publicly express their socio-political opinions in SNS are more likely than others to participate in demonstrations.
Hyperlink Formation in Social Bookmarking Systems: Who is Who Online?BO TRUE ACTIVITIES SL
Social bookmarking systems attract researchers in information systems and social sciences because they offer an enormous quantity of user-generated annotations that reveal the interests of millions of people. In this paper, we explore a different viewpoint to gain an understanding of the social bookmarking systems.
Using data crawled from a large social tagging system we argue that the prominence of a website, as measured by its status or public recognition, also determines its centrality.
To test this hypothesis we predict the indexes of authority and other measures of centrality via Social Network Analysis. We also use Gephi to visualize the networks, and analyze the structure.
The results discussed in the paper come from a sample of 61,043 taggings that involved 3,668 users and 4,913 bookmarked websites from a specific Social Network Sites, Delicious, on the subject of globalization of agriculture.
We find that mass media companies have a competitive advantage in attracting links and user attention.
Ponencia Congreso Andaluz Sociología, Almeria 25.11.2016 Social media el quin...BO TRUE ACTIVITIES SL
Las redes sociales en Internet han dado voz a los que no la tenían y han tenido un impacto democratizador en todo el mundo, aunque también, como dice Umberto Eco, le dan el derecho de hablar a legiones de idiotas. No obstante, muchos académicos son optimistas acerca de la capacidad del uso de Internet en el ámbito de lo social para incrementar las manifestaciones convencionales de activismo o compromiso social. ¿Cómo se manifiestan los movimientos sociales en Internet? ¿Qué papel juegan los medios de comunicación? ¿Hay personas centrales? ¿Existen patrones comunes en las redes sociales en internet? ¿De qué manera el uso de las redes sociales en internet facilita la discusión y la acción colectiva?
IMPLEMENTATION OF FOLKSONOMY BASED TAG CLOUD MODEL FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL ...ijscai
In the magnitude of internet one need to devote extra time to investigate anticipated resource, especially
when one need to search information from documents. For the higher range internet there is serious need
to demand the essentiality to discover the reserved resources. One of the solutions for information retrieval
from document repository is to attach tags to documents. Numerous online social bookmarking services
permit users to attach tags with resources which are eventually meta-data, frequently stated as folksonomy.
In current paper, authors implemented this model for information retrieval by utilizing these tags, after
retrieving by using delicious API and synthesize tag cloud in an Indian University to search and retrieve
information from document repository.
Implementation of Folksonomy Based Tag Cloud Model for Information Retrieval ...IJSCAI Journal
In the magnitude of internet one need to devote extra time to investigate an
ticipated resource, especially
when one need to search information from documents. For the higher range internet there is serious need
to demand the essentiality to discover the reserved resources. One of the solutions for information retrieval
from docume
nt repository is to attach tags to documents. Numerous online social bookmarking services
permit users to attach tags with resources which are eventually meta
-
data, frequently stated as folksonomy.
In current paper, authors implemented this model for infor
mation retrieval by utilizing these tags, after
retrieving by using delicious API and synthesize tag cloud in an Indian University to search and retrieve
information from document repository
Multi-Mode Conceptual Clustering Algorithm Based Social Group Identification ...inventionjournals
The problem of web search time complexity and accuracy has been visited in many research papers, and the authors discussed many approaches to improve the search performance. Still the approaches does not produce any noticeable improvement and struggles with more time complexity as well. To overcome the issues identified, an efficient multi mode conceptual clustering algorithm has been discussed in this paper, which identifies the similar interested user groups by clustering their search context according to different conceptual queries. Identified user groups are shared with the related conceptual queries and their results to reduce the time complexity. The multi mode conceptual clustering, performs grouping of search queries and users according to number of users and their search pattern. The concept of search is identified by using Natural language processing methods and the web logs produced by the default web search engines. The author designed a dedicated web interface to collect the web log about the user search and the same data has been used to cluster the social groups according to number of conceptual queries. The search results has been shared between the users of identified social groups which reduces the search time complexity and improves the efficiency of web search in better manner
FACILITATING VIDEO SOCIAL MEDIA SEARCH USING SOCIAL-DRIVEN TAGS COMPUTINGcsandit
Online video search or stream live on social media has become tremendous widespread and
speedy increased continuously in recent years. Most of the videos shared on social media are
aimed at the more number of views from audiences. What and how many videos the users
shared all around the world have created a great amount and varied videos and the other data
into Internet cloud’s database and even can be viewed as a kind of big data of digital contents.
This research is to present how to implement a social-driven tags computing (SDT) which can
be used to facilitate online video search on social media platforms
Cloud web scale discovery services landscape an overviewNikesh Narayanan
Abstract
The impact of Internet and Google like search engines radically influenced the information behavior of Net Generation users. They expect same environment in library services such that all their required information make available in a single set of results through unified search across all the available resources. Libraries have been striving to respond to this challenge for years. Until recently, federated search technology of the past decade was the better attempt in this area to meet these user expectations. But federated search solution is marked by the drawbacks of its slowness as it searches each database on the fly. New Generation cloud based Library Web scale discovery technology is a promising entrant in this landscape. This Paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of Library Web Scale Discovery solutions by depicting various facets of Web Scale Discovery solutions such as its importance to Library field, their possible role as the starting point for research, content coverage, and finally analyses the competition at the discovery front by comparing the services of major players. The comparative analysis shows that all the major service providers are extending competitive features and services, but varies in some areas and the adoption choice depends on the concerned library’s preferences and the cost involved.
Creating and Sustaining Communities Around Shared Data: The Case of OCLCKaren S Calhoun
Presented by Karen Calhoun at the ALCTS Forum, American Library Association Midwinter Meeting, Denver CO, 26 January 2009. Discusses community norms and policies for sharing the data that supports the discovery and delivery of library collections; places these in the context of the broader data sharing environment outside libraries; and analyzes the process and rationale for revising OCLC's Guidelines for the Use and Transfer of Records.
Discussing the Scottish Information environment and ways to open access within social networking platforms, by K. Menzies, CDLR, given at Metadata issues and Web 2.0 services CIGS seminar, Fri 30 Jan, 2009.
http://scone.strath.ac.uk/scie/index.cfm
A Multimodal Approach to Incremental User Profile Building dannyijwest
In the navigational applications, radar and satellite requires a device that is a radar altimeter. The working frequency of this system is 4.2 to 4.3GHz and also requires less weight, low profile, and high gain antennas. The above mentioned application is possible with microstrip antenna as also known as planar antenna. In this paper, the microstrip antennas are designed at 4.3GHz (C-band) in rectangular and circular shape patch antennas in single element and arrays with parasitic elements placed in H-plane coupling. The performance of all these shapes is analyzed in terms of radiation pattern, half power points, and gain and impedance bandwidth in MATLAB. This work extended here with designed in different shapes like Rhombic, Pentagon, Octagon and Edges-12 etc. Further these parameters are simulated in ANSOFT- HFSSTM V9.0 simulator.
Avoiding Anonymous Users in Multiple Social Media Networks (SMN)paperpublications3
Abstract: The main aim of this project is secure the user login and data sharing among the social networks like Gmail, Facebook and also find anonymous user using this networks. If the original user not available in the networks, but their friends or anonymous user knows their login details means possible to misuse their chats. In this project we have to overcome the anonymous user using the network without original user knowledge. Unauthorized user using the login to chat, share images or videos etc This is the problem to be overcome in this project .That means user first register their details with one secured question and answer. Because the anonymous user can delete their chat or data In this by using the secured questions we have to recover the unauthorized user chat history or sharing details with their IP address or MAC address. So in this project they have found out a way to prevent the anonymous users misuse the original user login details.
Similar to Production knowledge imass-olhao_24-4-2014_en (20)
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie Wells
Production knowledge imass-olhao_24-4-2014_en
1. 11
Production of new knowledge through automated Big
Data extraction from Social Bookmarking Systems and
analyzing of the resulting network: The case of the
network of the globalization of agriculture in Delicious
1st IMASS Conference,
Methods and Analyses in Social Sciences,
23-24 April 2014, Olhão, Portugal,
http://imass.ca/imass/conference
University of Huelva, Spain
Juan D. Borrero, jdiego@uhu.es
Estrella Gualda, estrella@uhu.es
José Carpio, jose.carpio@dti.uhu.es
2. 22
Table of Contents
Introduction
Web 2.0 and Social Tagging Systems
Social tagging and folksonomy
Folksonmy and collective tag structure
Context and Topic of Study
Delicious
Tagging on Delicious
Tag structure, Delicious and social networks
Globalization of Agriculture
Objectives
Methodology
Data collection
Analysis
Results
Social network statistics from Delicious dataset
Network centralization
Top authoritative nodes
Visualization UserURL net
Cohesion and substructures
Tag clouds
Discussion
Centrality and power
Central tags
Conclusions
Further research
Possible applications
Production of new knowledge through automated Big Data extraction from Social Bookmarking Systems and
analyzing of the resulting network: The case of the network of the globalization of agriculture in Delicious
3. 33
Framework
Web 2.0 and Social Tagging Systems
Many users add metadata in the
form of TAGS
Resulting collective tag structure
Source: http://www.idonato.com/2009/05/27/fun-with-tag-clouds/
Source: http://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/7372/9-Reasons-Why-
Your-Social-Media-Strategy-Isn-t-Working.aspx/
Source: http://bvdt.tuxic.nl/index.php/the-wisdom-of-
the-crowds-in-the-audiovisual-archive-domain/
Web 2.0 has made tagging possible for a wide range of
people to produce, share, interact with, and organize data
4. 44
Framework
Social Tagging
A user enjoys a resource and, according to his or her mental
model, identifies those terms that best describe the
information conveyed by that resource
is the activity in the Web 2.0 of annotating digital resources
with keywords - tags (Golder and Huberman, 2006; Trant,
2009).
Social Tagging
Tagging
5. 55
Source: http://scot-project.net//
Social tags produced by
users are usually regarded
as high quality descriptors
of web page topics and a
good indicator of web
users’ interests and
preferences.
This process also allows
the formation of a socially
constructed classification
schema called
folksonomy…
(Vander Wal, 2004)
Framework
Social tagging and folksonomy
6. 66
… that emerges via a Bottom-up
process, and… …the tags of many different users
are aggregated and the resulting
collective tag structure
– such as tag cloud – depicts the
collective knowledge of Web
users (Cress et al., 2012)
Source: http://blog.cimmyt.org/?p=6052
Source: http://scot-project.net//
Framework
Folksonomy and collective tag structure
7. 7
Context and Topic of Study
Context
Deliciousis a free social
bookmarking web service for
storing, sharing and
discovering web bookmarks
•Content is created, annotated
and viewed by its users.
•Non-hierarchical classification
system: users can tag each of
their bookmarks on the
Delicious website, and
provides knowledge about the
URL marked
•Collective nature:
• view bookmarks added or
annotated by other users.
• organize existing tags into
groups (tag bundles).
Source: www.delicious.com
8. 88
Context and Topic of Study
Tagging on Delicious
People can classify the huge amount of information at her/his
disposal in the form of tags.
Keywords freely
chosen by users
employed to
annotate various
types of digital
content, or
suggested by
Delicious
Source: www.delicious.com
9. 99
Context and Topic of Study
Tag structure, Delicious and social networks
We can see Delicious as a tripartite
network whose representation can be
described by two bipartite networks, for
user→tag and user→URL relations, and
where we can also see indirected links
(e.g. between users - straight lines), that
represent a unipartite network
The structure of Social tagging websites can be viewed as a network of
three different node types: the U users, the R resources (web sites –
URLs) and the T tags that the U users deploy to tag the R websites.
A Tripartite Network made of three users U=(u,u’,u’’), four
tags T=(t,t’,t’’,t’’’) and three URLs (url,url’,url’’)
In Delicious, an annotation is mainly
composed of three interconnected
components (Smith, 2008):
1. Link to the resource (website)
2. One or more tags
3. User who makes the annotation
10. 1010
Globalization
Implies large market as result of the reduction transaction costs of international
trade
Globalization of agriculture
- trade (foods, goods)
- prices (food, goods)
- food consumption (bulk products versus processed products)
- R&D
- rules and laws (subsidies, WTO related to poverty)
implications
Asymmetries
effects
Web 2.0
Discussion/diffusion
Context and Topic of Study
Topic
11. 11
Objectives
To discover some type of structuration around the
issue of the globalization of agriculture on Delicious
Extracting automatically data from Delicious social
bookmarking website, and using Social Network Analysis
(SNA),
1.what types of URLs around our topic have been
recommended via collaborative tagging in Delicious,
2.what types of users label URLs around this topic,
3.whether there is some type of structuration and hierarchy
to be discovered in the network of the globalisation of
agriculture (centrality, substructures, etc.), and
4.what types of tags are been used to specifically label (and
thus define and qualify) the URLs on the globalization of
agriculture that they recommend through Delicious.
12. 1212
Methodology
Data collection / Procedure
(A) Start point. Identify the search attributes. Authoritative
source as baseline to find keywords connected to the idea of
‘globalization of agriculture’
– Wikipedia definition of “critics of globalization (popular,
high reputation)
– Other starts points (future)
– Selected (manually= researcher expertise) main concepts
from the website homepages, tag clouds or topics.
– Identified the 9 seed keywords (globalization +
agriculture, development, activism, trade, poverty, food,
organic, GMO)
– Other concepts rejected
(B) Perl program web-crawling was made to gather the
sample of users, URLs and tags for
- globalization+agriculture;globalization+development;
globalization+activism; globalization+poverty;
globalization+food; globalization+organic;
globalization+GMO
- From 22 April 2011 to 21 May 2011
(C) Results
- 61,043 taggings that involved 3,668 users on 4,913 URLs
and 5,724 tags.
(D) Program in Haskell to reduce the amount of data by
cutting the URLs and using key words, including the
identification of synonyms, the elimination of words with
capital letters and derivatives such as words in plural.
14. 14
Methodology
Analysis
With the help of the Software Pajek, we
analyzed these social networks,
first studying its properties (quantitative),
and
second visualizing the nets (qualitative)
through force-directed graph layouts and tag
clouds.
15. 15
Network Type Relation # of
nodes
# of links Density Av.
Degree
User URL Bipartite Directed 5,816 7,200 0.09% 2.476
User– User Unipartite Undirected 3,668 134,833 1.97% 73.5187
URL – URL Unipartite Undirected 2,148 20,558 0.84% 19.141
Tag – Tag Unipartite Undirected 4,776 539,105 47.06% 225.756
A bipartite network with a directed relation is a network created through two different types of nodes (in this case “users” and
“URLs”), that are directly connected by a relationship or link (in this work: user recommend URLs, or user tag URLs) (2-mode network).
A unipartite network with an undirected relation is a network created after a transformation of the original matrix into a user-user, tag-
tag, or URL-URL matrix. In these cases there is an undirected relation through a vertice (node) that connect both (1-mode network).
For instance, a user-user matrix is built here through the URLs that connect users, because different people can tag or recommend the
same URL.
Results
Social Network Statistics from Delicious dataset
Tag-tag network is much denser than the others: People
usually use common tags
16. 1616
The network is highly centralized within a few nodes. The power law
is a defining characteristic of large-scale networks such as the Web (e.g.
Barabási and Albert, 1999), which implies a high degree of network
centralization
How come that a few users and websites are better
connected than the majority?
2,148 URLs arranged in rank order by number of
inbound links (URL’s Indegree: Sum of total inbound
links)
3,668 users arranged in rank order by number of
outbound links (User’s Outdegree: Sum of total outbound
links)
Results
Network centralization
Hyperlink Network (userURL). The degree of variability in URL and user centrality scores according to
indegree and outdegree.
Only 10 URLs from 2,148 (0.47%) account for 17.97% of links.
1% URLs (22 URLs from 2,148) account for 26.50% of links.
Only 10 users from 3,668 (0.27%) account for 5.25% of links.
1% users (37 users from 3,668) account for 12.01% of links.
17. 17
Results
Top authoritative nodes in the Delicious “Globalization of agriculture” network
Indegree Outdegree
Value URL Description Value User Description
1 259 www.nytimes.com On line newspaper 71 /garrygolden
http://www.garrygold
en.net/
Professionalfuturist
2 170
www.independent.co.
uk
On line newspaper 51 /mritiunjoy
Mritiunjoy Mohanty
Professor,Economics
Indian Instituteof
Management Calcutta
3 155 www.naomiklein.org Activist media site 44 /emmarlyb
4 144 www.news.bbc.co.uk/ On line newspaper 42 /woldpublicopinion
http://www.worldpubl
icopinion.org/
Activist media site
5 124
www.globalresearch.c
a
Activist media site 33
/criticalspatialpractic
e
Nicholas Brown
Artist
6 95 www.spiegel.de/ On line newspaper 30 /pagolnari
Dr. Kathy Ward pagol
Nari
Professor,Carbondale,
EEUU
Feminist blogger
http://pagolnari.blogs
pot.com.es/
7 94 www.guardian.co.uk/ On line newspaper 28 /bfunk
Bryan Finoki
http://subtopia.blogsp
ot.com.es/
Author Subtopia
(Blog),Senior Editor,
Archinect, and
Adjunct, Woodbury
University School of
Architecture,San
Diego
8 94 www.economist.com/ On line newspaper 28 /chris.h.p
9 87 www.corpwatch.org Activist media site 27 /maitreya11 Carlos Puentes
10 72 www.theatlantic.com Online magazine 24 /matttbastard
Matthew Elliot
http://bastardlogic.wo
rdpress.com/
10 most centralized websites.
Six of them were media-based
(online newspapers such as
The New York Times, The
Independent, BBC, Spiegel,
The Guardian, and The
Economist) and three wer
activist (Naomi Klein, Global
Research, and Corpwatch)
Identification of Users with a
greater degree of centrality.
Mritiunjoy user plays a very
important role in the
network.
Mritiunjoy joined to Delicious on
12 march, 2007.
Mritiunjoy Mohanty - is a professor
at the Indian Institute of
Management Calcutta, and his
Research Interests are Political
Economy of growth and
development.
19. 19
Cluster
K=1..5
(subnet)
Nodes Frequence
(%)
CumFreq
(nodes)
CumFreq (%)
1 4,445 76.43% 4,445 76.43%
2 792 13.62% 5,237 90.04%
3 387 6.65% 5,624 96.70%
4 147 2.53% 5,771 99.23%
5 45 0.77% 5,816 100.00%
Sum 5,816 100.00%
k-core: A k-core of a graph G is a maximal connected sub-graph of G in which all vertices have a degree of
at least k.
Results
Cohesion and substructures
20. 20
2-core 792 vertices. Density=0.26% 3-core 387 vertices. Density=1.16%
4-core 147 vertices. Density=5.16% 5-core 45 vertices. Density=34.77%
Results
Cohesion and substructures
We found that the mass media websites belong to the 5-core subgroup, as
the main activists websites are included in the 4-core.
21. 21
Gráfico 9. Nube de etiquetas para la Red de
Globalización de la Agricultura identificada en
Delicious (Principales etiquetas de la red)
Main themes
Results
TagCloud: identifying the topical themes in the unipartite tagtag network
Size proportional to the weights - the top 50 highest weighted tags.
Produced by Wordle
22. 22
Discussion
• Because tagging is a bottom up process, the constitution of a global
network in this way suggests a very old sociological dilemma concerning the
constitution of society.
– Do individuals (or micro entities) came first or are communities and societies
present from the very beginning?
– Does human agency determine social structures or is an individual's behavior
determined by social structures?
• We found the bottom-up social tagging process is crucial, but it could not
exist without Web 2.0 technology.
• What it is especially interesting for us here is whether these questions
could be transferred to understanding the society that lives around the
process of social tagging inside Web 2.0 as we exemplified in this article by
the social bookmarking site Delicious.
• The approach of this study acknowledges the reciprocity and influence of
the social and semantic characteristics. However, the user is who
ultimately decides if one URL have to be included or not and whether he or
she is going to write new tags. Thus, the constitution of the globalization of
agriculture network is probably a mixture, as it is the society.
23. 23
Discussion
Centrality and Power
• Very inequal distribution of power of the URLs cited by users
in the topic globalization of agriculture.
– Important accumulation of inbound links.
• Mass media and activists in this network of globalization of
agriculture in Delicious surpassed by far other resources
tagged.
• Identification of key collective actors (represented here
through URLs as unknow users as well) allow a better
comprehension of leadership, influence processes, and
power-related structures.
• For social practitioners, is a good way to identify key
informants in a community through which to disseminate
useful and important information.
ADVANTAGES OF THIS TYPE OF KNOWLEDGE
FOR RESEARCHING AND INTERVENING
24. 24
Discussion
Central Tags: Users producing Tags
• Tags: suggested by the website or added new tags in a
creative way
• Each user could label a URL with an unlimited number
of tags.
• Tag Cloud: visual approach to the language used by
users and to identify discourses.
• From a total of 4,776 tags, two words were the main
ones.
• Most frequently tags used were the words:
‘economics’ and ‘politics’.
25. 25
Conclusions
Achieved goals
• A first step towards the development of empirical techniques
capable of automatically differentiating actors who occupy a
more central position.
• First stone in the difficult process of understanding and
discovering patterns in the process that characterize users
tagging URLs for collaborative reasons.
• Utility for discovering latent patterns = provide effective
recommendations to different actors.
• Understanding the community of more than a thousand
links.
• Retrieval and analysis of information was complex but easy =
working in interdisciplinary teams.
26. 26
FOCUS ON Users
•Identification of key actors that disseminate and share URLs, as the
previously cited Mritiunjoy
– Determine from where key elements that structure the network emerge.
•Why is ‘that’ so important actor in the network of globalization of
agriculture?
– Key actors in this type of network could configure and reconfigure the
evolution of the network (TIME), and structure and even manipulate the
type of interchange of resources in Delicious or in similar bookmarking sites.
•Use of some tags at classifying URLs and the distinction among users in the
way they use some words/tags
– Distinction between scientifics / other professionals or users?
– Identify users with the same patterns at tagging, or URLs that were similarly
labelled: study structural equivalences
•Is it by chance? Are most prominent actors in a type of website like
Delicious corresponding to a profile of very active and participative people?
Do they usually work (or have as hobby) in this area and this is why
accumulate and tag so many URLs in Delicious?
•Go in-depth about users (if possible).
Further research
27. 27
Further research
FOCUS ON Tags
• Reasons of the prominence of the two first tags around the globalization of
agriculture.
– Influence of first tags on the following ones.
• Role of innovation and creativity at tagging
• Are some of the 4,776 found tags used in a interchangeable basis?
– Why sometimes the word economics is used sometimes, and why other times is
used economy?
– Are they used in the same way at classifying the URLs?
– Evolution and usage of language around an issue along time.
– Ideological and terminological approaches in the national/ international arena.
• Other possible studies based in retrieving the pages and making content
analysis.
• Why some labels are present/ absent?
• Are there “traditions”/ “fashions” at tagging in the Web 2.0?
OTHERS
• To compare results from Delicious and from other social bookmarking sites.
• Longitudinal analysis.
• And other explorations, other starting points, other indicators, etc.
28. 28
Possible Applications
• Producing and “manipulating” public opinion (at
recommending and describing websites) and markets
– If we know the interests of users belonging to a network, we could also
be able to make recommendations
• Important for researchers interested in formulating strategies
for intervention and mobilization, but also practitioners, and
firms could make use of this.
• The discovery of the central elements in a network (users and
URLs), at the same time that the tags used by users could be
key to design future strategies for diffusion (spreading taglines,
causes, rumours, etc.
• Implementation of Information Retrieval and Recommender
Systems techniques in social commerce and social media
contexts.
• Applications in advertising, e-commerce, mobilizing, security…s
• …